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Penicilina - Wikipedia

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Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisillien" title="Penisillien – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Penisillien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilline" title="Penicilline – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Penicilline" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%94%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B2%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%95" title="ፔኒሲሊን – amarisht" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፔኒሲሊን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Penicilina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بنسلين – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنسلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينسيلين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بينسيلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="পেনিচিলিন – asamezisht" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পেনিচিলিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Penicilina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisillin" title="Penisillin – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Penisillin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پنی‌سیلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پنی‌سیلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Пеніцылін – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пеніцылін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Пэніцылін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэніцылін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пеницилин – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пеницилин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="পেনিসিলিন – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেনিসিলিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Penicilin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicil%C2%B7lina" title="Penicil·lina – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Penicil·lina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پێنیسیلین – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێنیسیلین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Penicilin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilline" title="Penicilline – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penicilline" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Πενικιλίνη – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πενικιλίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilino" title="Penicilino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Penicilino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Penicilina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitsilliin" title="Penitsilliin – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Penitsilliin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penizilina" title="Penizilina – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Penizilina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پنی‌سیلین – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنی‌سیلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilliinit" title="Penisilliinit – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Penisilliinit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – faroisht" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nicilline" title="Pénicilline – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pénicilline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitsiliin" title="Penitsiliin – frisianishte veriore" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Penitsiliin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisianishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilline" title="Penisilline – frizianishte perëndimore" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Penisilline" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizianishte perëndimore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peinicillin" title="Peinicillin – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peinicillin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Penicilina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%A2ng-m%C3%B4i-su" title="Chhiâng-môi-su – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhiâng-môi-su" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פניצילין – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פניצילין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पेनिसिलिन – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेनिसिलिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Penicilin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – kreolishte e Haitit" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolishte e Haitit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պենիցիլիններ – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պենիցիլիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillina" title="Penicillina – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Penicillina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilina" title="Penisilina – ilokoisht" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Penisilina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilino" title="Penicilino – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Penicilino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensil%C3%ADn" title="Pensilín – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pensilín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillina" title="Penicillina – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penicillina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="ペニシリン – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペニシリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პენიცილინი – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პენიცილინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пенициллин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೆನ್ಸಿಲಿನ್ – kanadisht" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆನ್ಸಿಲಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%8B%88%EC%8B%A4%EB%A6%B0" title="페니실린 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페니실린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – kornisht" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пенициллиндер – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пенициллиндер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillinum" title="Penicillinum – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Penicillinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillien" title="Penicillien – limburgisht" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Penicillien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisil%C3%ADni" title="Penisilíni – lingalisht" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Penisilíni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເປນີຊີລິນ – laosisht" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເປນີຊີລິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilinas" title="Penicilinas – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Penicilinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicil%C4%ABni" title="Penicilīni – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Penicilīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പെനിസിലിൻ – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെനിസിലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пенициллин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पेनिसिलिन – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेनिसिलिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ပင်နီဆီလင် – birmanisht" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပင်နီဆီလင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilline" title="Penicilline – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penicilline" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillina" title="Penicillina – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Penicillina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪੈਨਸਲਿਨ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਨਸਲਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicyliny" title="Penicyliny – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Penicyliny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پنسلین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنسلین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پنسلين – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پنسلين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Penicilina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilin%C4%83" title="Penicilină – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Penicilină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Пенициллины – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пенициллины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пеницилин – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пеницилин" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilin" title="Penicilin – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Penicilin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicil%C3%ADn" title="Penicilín – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Penicilín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicilini" title="Penicilini – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Penicilini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benseliin" title="Benseliin – somalisht" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Benseliin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пеницилин – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пеницилин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nisilin" title="Pénisilin – sundanisht" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pénisilin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilini" title="Penisilini – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Penisilini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin-ni-si-lin" title="Pin-ni-si-lin – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Pin-ni-si-lin" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பெனிசிலின் – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெனிசிலின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పెన్సిలిన్ – teluguisht" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెన్సిలిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluguisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เพนิซิลลิน – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพนิซิลลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisilin" title="Penisilin – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penisilin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пенициллин – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пенициллин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пеніциліни – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пеніциліни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پنسلین – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پنسلین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitsillin" title="Penitsillin – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Penitsillin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Penicillin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" 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Shumica e penicilinave në përdorim klinik sintetizohen nga P. chrysogenum duke përdorur fermentim të thellë në rezervuar[2] dhe më pas pastrohen. Janë zbuluar një numër penicilinash natyrale, por vetëm dy përbërës të pastruar janë në përdorim klinik: penicilina G (përdorim intramuskular ose intravenoz) dhe penicilina V (e dhënë nga goja). Penicilina ishin ndër medikamentet e para që ishin efektive kundër shumë infeksioneve bakteriale të shkaktuara nga stafilokokët dhe streptokokët. Ato ende përdoren gjerësisht sot për infeksione të ndryshme bakteriale, megjithëse shumë lloje bakteresh kanë zhvilluar rezistencë pas përdorimit të gjerë. </p><p>10% e popullsisë pretendon alergji ndaj penicilinës, por për shkak se frekuenca e rezultateve pozitive të testit të lëkurës zvogëlohet me 10% me çdo vit shmangieje, 90% e këtyre pacientëve mund të tolerojnë penicilinë. Përveç kësaj, ata me alergji ndaj penicilinës zakonisht mund të tolerojnë cefalosporinat (një grup tjetër i β-laktamit) sepse reaktiviteti i kryqëzuar i imunoglobulinës E (IgE) është vetëm 3%. </p><p>Penicilina u zbulua në vitin 1928 nga shkencëtari skocez Alexander Fleming si një ekstrakt i papërpunuar i P. Rubens.[6] Studenti i Fleming, Cecil George Paine ishte i pari që përdori me sukses penicilinën për të trajtuar infeksionin e syve (Ophthalmia neonatorum) në vitin 1930. Komponimi i pastruar (penicilina F) u izolua në vitin 1940 nga një ekip kërkimor i udhëhequr nga Howard Florey dhe Ernst Boris Chain në Universitetin e Oksfordit. Fleming përdori për herë të parë penicilinën e pastruar për të trajtuar meningjitin streptokoksik në vitin 1942. Çmimi Nobel i 1945 në Fiziologji ose Mjekësi u nda nga Chain, Fleming dhe Florey. </p><p>Disa penicilina gjysmë sintetike janë efektive kundër një spektri më të gjerë bakteresh: këto përfshijnë penicilinat antistafilokokale, aminopenicilinat dhe penicilinat antipseudomonale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicilina&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicilina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penicillin&amp;oldid=1128337193">"Penicillin"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i> (në anglisht), 2022-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">, marrë më <span class="nowrap">2022-12-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&amp;rft.atitle=Penicillin&amp;rft.date=2022-12-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DPenicillin%26oldid%3D1128337193&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3APenicilina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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