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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American sociologist and author</div> <p><b>Gary Alan Fine</b> (born May 11, 1950, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> and author. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of Bernard David Fine and Bernice Estelle Tanz, Fine grew up in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and went to the <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann_School" title="Horace Mann School">Horace Mann School</a>. He studied <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a>). He attended graduate school at Harvard University from 1972 to 1976 and received his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychology</a>. His dissertation advisor was the eminent small group theorist <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bales" title="Robert F. Bales">Robert F. Bales</a>. </p><p>In 1976, he became an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">assistant professor</a> in the sociology department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. At various times, he was a <a href="/wiki/Visiting_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiting professor">visiting professor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University</a> (1980), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (1985), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">University of Bremen</a> (1986), and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iceland" title="University of Iceland">University of Iceland</a> (1988). In 1988, he received the <a href="/wiki/American_Folklore_Society" title="American Folklore Society">American Folklore Society</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opie_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opie Award (page does not exist)">Opie Award</a> for the Best Scholarly Book in the field of Children's Folklore and Culture for his work <i>With The Boys</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographic</a> study of <a href="/wiki/Little_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Little League">Little League</a> baseball teams. </p><p>In 1990, he became the department head of the Department of Sociology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a>, a position he held until 1993, after which he remained a professor. In 1990 he was also the President of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_for_the_Study_of_Symbolic_Interactionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society for the Study of Symbolic Interactionism (page does not exist)">Society for the Study of Symbolic Interactionism</a>. During the term of 1994 to 1995, he was a fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a>, affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. He continued at the University of Georgia but accepted a position at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston</a>, Illinois beginning in 1997, where in 2005 he was named John Evans Professor. In 2002, he was the President of the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Sociological_Society" title="Midwest Sociological Society">Midwest Sociological Society</a>, and in 2005 he was President of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. He remains at Northwestern and in 2003 was a fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Collegium_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences">Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences</a> at <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a> in Sweden. In 2005 and 2006, he was a visiting scholar at the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Sage_Foundation" title="Russell Sage Foundation">Russell Sage Foundation</a> in New York City. He is a former editor of <a href="/wiki/Social_Psychology_Quarterly" title="Social Psychology Quarterly">Social Psychology Quarterly</a>, an official journal of the American Sociological Association. He is married to Susan Hirsig Fine and has two children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_focus">Academic focus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic focus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Fine has written ethnographies of a number of diverse small group activities from analyses of <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i> players and <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">mushroom hunters</a> to high school <a href="/wiki/Policy_debate" title="Policy debate">policy debaters</a> and restaurant workers. Fine maintains that these different groups and distinct areas connect: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>My central research and writing focus is on the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> and social culture. This interest informs all of my writing from my study of <a href="/wiki/Little_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Little League">Little League</a> baseball to that of <a href="/wiki/Rumor" title="Rumor">rumor</a> to that of fantasy games. The question I ask is how is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expressive_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expressive culture (page does not exist)">expressive culture</a> shaped by the <a href="/wiki/Social_system" title="Social system">social system</a> in which we all live and how does this social system affect the culture that we create and that we participate in. I examine the way in which small groups affect and give meaning to our shared experiences.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>His work on <a href="/wiki/Rumor" title="Rumor">rumor</a> has made a substantial contribution to the understanding of <a href="/wiki/Urban_legends" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends">urban legends</a> and the transmission of rumors. In 2001, he co-authored a book with <a href="/wiki/University_of_California-Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California-Davis">University of California-Davis</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Turner" title="Patricia Turner">Patricia Turner</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumor_in_African_American_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumor in African American culture (page does not exist)">rumors in the African-American community</a> and rumors and <a href="/wiki/Urban_legends" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends">urban legends</a> held by whites about blacks in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. He is currently researching rumors related to the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>. A recently published manuscript deals with the social production and communication of <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> work at the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>. </p><p>Another area of research includes the complicated historical and social reputations of figures such as <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatty_Arbuckle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty Arbuckle">Fatty Arbuckle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Harding" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Harding">Warren Harding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>. On August 4, 2004, several months before the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 United States Presidential Election">2004 Presidential Election</a>, he set off a minor storm, especially in the political <a href="/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">blogger community</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with his <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> piece in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> "Ire to the Chief" that argued that the commonly expressed hatreds of presidents <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> reflected their behavior and activities in youth more than their specific policies as president.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fine is also a major figure in the study of the work of <a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a> and the theory of <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism" title="Symbolic interactionism">symbolic interactionism</a>. He co-edited with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_W._H._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory W. H. Smith (page does not exist)">Gregory W. H. Smith</a> a major compilation of Goffman's work and of criticism and analysis of his contribution to the social sciences. Together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kent_Sandstrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kent Sandstrom (page does not exist)">Kent Sandstrom</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_D._Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel D. Martin (page does not exist)">Dan Martin</a>, he has produced a forthcoming textbook on symbolic interactionism entitled <i>Symbols, Selves, and Social Reality: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach to Sociology and Social Psychology</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_areas">Specific areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specific areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restaurants">Restaurants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his analysis of restaurant establishment culture in his 1996 book <i>Kitchens: The Culture of Restaurant Work</i>, Fine considers himself a sort of amateur <a href="/wiki/Restaurant_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Restaurant critic">restaurant critic</a>. Through 2015, he maintained a blog, called <i>Veal Cheeks</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing his restaurant visits while living in New York City. His writing style, punchy and wry, can also be seen in his review of <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schlosser" title="Eric Schlosser">Eric Schlosser</a>'s book, <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation" title="Fast Food Nation">Fast Food Nation</a></i>, for <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another subject in which Fine has combined his personal and academic interests is <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. While researching his book about <a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">outsider art</a> <i>Everyday Genius</i>, he became well-acquainted with many of the major figures and artists in that segment of the art world. He studied the cases of major outsider (self-taught) artists like <a href="/wiki/Henry_Darger" title="Henry Darger">Henry Darger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Traylor" title="Bill Traylor">Bill Traylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Tolson" title="Edgar Tolson">Edgar Tolson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Dial" title="Thornton Dial">Thornton Dial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Holley" title="Lonnie Holley">Lonnie Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ramirez" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Ramirez">Martin Ramirez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Doyle" title="Sam Doyle">Sam Doyle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Finster" title="Howard Finster">Howard Finster</a>. He is also an avid collector of outsider art himself. While researching the book and living in Georgia, he was a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nexus_Center_for_Contemporary_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nexus Center for Contemporary Art (page does not exist)">Nexus Center for Contemporary Art</a> and a board member at the <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. He is also currently a board member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intuit_(art_center)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intuit (art center) (page does not exist)">Intuit: Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_Debate">Policy Debate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Policy Debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his research for <i>Gifted Tongues: High School Debate and Adolescent Culture</i>, he followed and observed several high school <a href="/wiki/Policy_Debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy Debate">policy debate</a> teams in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. The book depicts an activity, although popular in United States, that is often seen as esoteric and confusing. His son, Todd David Fine, as described in the dedication to the book, first saw a video of the activity as a young child while Fine was researching the book. Apparently inspired, in high school, Todd, along with his partners Adam Goldstein and Julie Bashkin, went on to capture the national-circuit debate championship the <i><a href="/wiki/Tournament_of_Champions_(debate)" title="Tournament of Champions (debate)">Tournament of Champions</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Barkley_Forum" title="Barkley Forum">Barkley Forum</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>, another major championship in the activity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(With Ralph Rosnow) <i>Rumor and Gossip: The Social Psychology of Hearsay</i>, Elsevier-North Holland (New York, NY), 1976.</li> <li><i>Shared Fantasy: Role Playing Games As Social Worlds</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1983.</li> <li><i>Talking Sociology</i>, Allyn and Bacon (Boston, MA), 1985.</li> <li><i>With the Boys: Little League Baseball and Preadolescent Culture</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1987.</li> <li>(Editor) <i>Meaningful Play, Playful Meaning, Human Kinetics Publishers</i> (Champaign, IL), 1987.</li> <li>(With Kent L. Sandstrom) <i>Knowing Children: Participant Observation with Minors</i>, Sage (Newberry Park, CA), 1988.</li> <li>(Editor, with John Johnson and Harvey A. Farberman) <i>Sociological Slices: Introductory Readings from the Interactionist Perspective</i>, JAI Press (Greenwich, CT), 1992.</li> <li><i>Manufacturing Tales: Sex and Money in Contemporary Legends</i>, University of Tennessee Press (Knoxville, TN), 1992.</li> <li>(Editor, with Karen Cook and James S. House) <i>Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology</i>, Allyn and Bacon (Boston, MA), 1994.</li> <li>(Editor) <i>A Second Chicago School?: The Development of a Postwar American Sociology</i>, University of Chicago (Chicago, IL), 1995.</li> <li><i>Kitchens: The Culture of Restaurant Work</i>, University of California (Berkeley, CA), 1996.</li> <li><i>Morel Tales: The Culture of Mushrooming</i>, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA), 1998.</li> <li>(Editor, with Gregory W. H. Smith) <i>Erving Goffman, Sage</i> (Thousand Oaks, CA), 2000.</li> <li><i>Difficult Reputations: Collective Memories of the Evil, Inept, and Controversial</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 2001.</li> <li><i>Gifted Tongues: High School Debate and Adolescent Culture</i>, Princeton University Press (Princeton, NJ), 2001.</li> <li>(With Patricia A. Turner) <i>Whispers on the Color Line: Rumor and Race in America</i>, University of California (Berkeley, CA), 2001.</li> <li>(With Daniel D. Martin and Kent L. Sandstrom) <i>Symbols, Selves, and Social Life: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach, Roxbury</i> (Los Angeles, CA), 2002.</li> <li>(With David Shulman) <i>Talking Sociology</i>, Fifth Edition. Allyn and Bacon (Boston, MA), 2003.</li> <li><i>Everyday Genius: Self-Taught Art and the Culture of Authenticity</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 2004.</li> <li>(With Kent Sandstrom and Daniel D. Martin) <i>Symbols, Selves and Social Life: A Symbolic Interactionist Approach to Sociology and Social Psychology</i>. Roxbury (Los Angeles, CA), In press.</li> <li><i>Players and Pawns: How Chess Builds Community and Culture</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 2015.</li> <li><i>Talking Art: The Culture of Practice and the Practice of Culture in MFA Education</i>, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 2018.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Alan_Fine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine, Gary Alan (2004-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A44160-2004Aug5.html">"Ire to the Chief."</a> <i>Washington Post</i>, p. A19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine, Gary Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vealcheeks.blogspot.com/"><i>Veal Cheeks</i>.</a> VealCheeks.Blogspot.com. Retrieved 2018-03-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fine, Gary Alan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/0111/cr.gf.chewing.shtml">"Chewing the Fat."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050929200605/http://reason.com/0111/cr.gf.chewing.shtml">Archived</a> 2005-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Reason</i>, Nov. 2001.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2005. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2005.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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