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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China_and_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_and_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>China and India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_and_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madeira_and_Jamaica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeira_and_Jamaica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Madeira and Jamaica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeira_and_Jamaica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">William Westall</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_William_Westall_(A.R.A).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Portrait_of_William_Westall_%28A.R.A%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_William_Westall_%28A.R.A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Portrait_of_William_Westall_%28A.R.A%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_William_Westall_%28A.R.A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Portrait_of_William_Westall_%28A.R.A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="466" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Portrait of William Westall ARA</i>,<br /> by his son Robert Westall, c. 1845.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1781-10-12</span>)</span>12 October 1781<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1850<span style="display:none">(1850-01-22)</span> (aged 68)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Landscape_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Landscape art">Landscape art</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Westall</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Academicians" title="List of Royal Academicians">ARA</a></span> (12 October 1781 – 22 January 1850) was a British landscape artist best known as one of the first artists to work in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westall was born in <a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a> and grew up in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Sydenham,_London" title="Sydenham, London">Sydenham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>. The son of brewery manager Benjamin Westall (d.1794) and his second wife Martha <i>née</i> Harbord, William Westall had four step-siblings, the eldest of whom, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westall" title="Richard Westall">Richard Westall</a>, was a reputable painter and illustrator. William was interested in painting from a young age; Rienitz and Rienitz (1963) suggest that he looked up to his half-brother, and was ambitious to follow in his footsteps. There is evidence to suggest that Westall's parents did not support this career choice; however Richard became head of the family upon the death of Benjamin Westall in March 1794, and must have approved Westall's artistic ambitions, as from that time forward William Westall was given a thorough art education. At the age of sixteen he won a silver palette in a competition run by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Artists_of_Great_Britain" title="Society of Artists of Great Britain">Society of Artists of Great Britain</a>, and at eighteen was enrolled at the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rienitz_1963-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80–82">: 80–82 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voyages">Voyages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Voyages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1800, whilst still a probationary student in his first year, Westall was approached by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a> to serve as landscape and figure painter to a voyage of exploration under <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a>, aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1801)" title="HMS Investigator (1801)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a>. The position had first been offered to <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Ibbetson" title="Julius Caesar Ibbetson">Julius Caesar Ibbetson</a>, who declined; and then <a href="/wiki/William_Daniell" title="William Daniell">William Daniell</a>, who accepted but subsequently pulled out. Daniell was a fellow student of Westall, and was engaged to one of Westall's stepsisters, so it seems likely that Westall prevailed upon Daniell to recommend him as his replacement; however one source states that Westall was recommended by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>, President of the Royal Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rienitz_1963-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83–85">: 83–85 </span></sup> Elisabeth Findlay reconciles these claims by suggesting that Daniell "contrived" to have West put Westall's name forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_xiii_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_xiii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westall's nomination was approved by Banks; thus Westall, at just 19 years of age, was appointed to what has come to be regarded as one of the notable scientific expeditions ever undertaken,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as a member of a team of scientists that included <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botanical_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical artist">botanical artist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bauer" title="Ferdinand Bauer">Ferdinand Bauer</a>, both now revered as amongst the very best in their respective fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Mabberley_1985_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mabberley_1985-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mabberley_1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mabberley_1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeira">Madeira</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Madeira"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leaving London on 18 July 1801, the expedition reached <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, its first landfall, on 1 August. The following day Flinders, Brown and Bauer rowed to <a href="/wiki/Bugio_Island" title="Bugio Island">Bugio Island</a>. The gardener <a href="/wiki/Peter_Good" title="Peter Good">Good</a> records that he was not permitted to go with them, so instead he and Westall rowed around <i>Investigator</i> in search of <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a> and birds, obtaining one of each.<sup id="cite_ref-Good_1981_36–37_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Good_1981_36–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A day later <i>Investigator</i> anchored at <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira Island, and the following morning Westall went ashore with the other scientists, walking around Funchal and the <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a> north and east of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2001_58–59_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2001_58–59-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day the scientists went ashore again, with the intention of climbing the highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a>. They walked all day, then spent an uncomfortable night in an unfurnished room in a chapel, probably the old chapel at Alegría. Early the next morning Westall returned alone to Funchal, the others continuing on for a few hours before turning back.<sup id="cite_ref-Good_1981_36–37_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Good_1981_36–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore_2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westall was charmed by the island and seems to have been enthusiastic in his work. However, on returning to the ship, their boat was swamped, Westall was almost drowned, and all of his sketches were lost. This event seems to have profoundly affected him: it is claimed that he subsequently nearly died from exposure and stress, and even three years later he was claiming that "his head had been affected" by the accident. Throughout his life he maintained that the swamping was a deliberate act.<sup id="cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rienitz_1963-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87–88">: 87–88 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cape_Colony">Cape Colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cape Colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_of_Good_Hope,_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg/220px-Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg/330px-Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg/440px-Cape_of_Good_Hope%2C_view_at_the_foot_of_Table_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption><i>Cape of Good Hope, View at the Foot of Table Mountain</i>, 1801</figcaption></figure> <p>The next landfall was at <a href="/wiki/Simon%27s_Town" title="Simon's Town">Simon's Town</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> just east of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>. Anchoring in <a href="/wiki/False_Bay" title="False Bay">False Bay</a> on 16 October, <i>Investigator</i> remained eighteen days, during which time the scientists spent a good deal of time ashore. Nothing is known of Westall's movements in the first week, but Good, travelling with Brown, Bauer and ship's surgeon Hugh Bell, reports falling in with him at <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Peak_(Cape_Town)" title="Devil's Peak (Cape Town)">Devil's Peak</a> on 26 October, Westall having set out from Simon's Town with mineralogist <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_(miner)" title="John Allen (miner)">John Allen</a> two days earlier; the two men had become separated, and Westall had "fared very indifferently and slept one night at <a href="/wiki/Constantia,_Cape_Town" title="Constantia, Cape Town">Constantia</a>." The following day Westall accompanied Bauer and Bell towards <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, while Good and Brown climbed <a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain" title="Table Mountain">Table Mountain</a>. Good and Brown slept that night in the <a href="/wiki/Tokai,_Cape_Town" title="Tokai, Cape Town">Tokai</a> home of a German named Johann Gasper Loos, and woke in the morning to find Westall and Bell there too, the latter two having lost their way to Cape Town, and arrived at Loos' house late in the evening. All four men then returned to the ship together.<sup id="cite_ref-Good_1981_43–44_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Good_1981_43–44-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with Madeira, Westall was delighted with the landscapes on offer at the Cape, and worked conscientiously, making some highly detailed sketches. Seven of Westall's field drawings from the Cape are extant.<sup id="cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rienitz_1963-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87–88">: 87–88 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin,_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg/220px-South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg/330px-South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg/440px-South_Coast_%E2%80%94_Cape_Leeuwin%2C_Cape_Chatham_and_Eclipse_Isles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><i>South Coast: Cape Leeuwin, Cape Chatham and Eclipse Isles</i>, Westall's first sketch of an Australian landscape</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Investigator</i> came in sight of Australia on 6 December, and the following morning Westall made his first sketch of Australia, a coastal profile from about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Leeuwin" title="Cape Leeuwin">Cape Leeuwin</a>. He made two further coastal profiles the following day, one of <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Island_(Western_Australia)" title="Chatham Island (Western Australia)">Chatham Island (Western Australia)</a>, the other of the Eclipse Islands. Late that night the <i>Investigator</i> anchored alongside Seal Island in King George the Third's Sound (now <a href="/wiki/King_George_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="King George Sound">King George Sound</a>); they remained in King George Sound for almost four weeks. </p><p>The next morning, the 9th, Westall sketched Seal Island from the anchorage. Later that day he went with Flinders and others, firstly to examine Seal Island and search for a bottle and parchment that <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">George Vancouver</a> had left there ten years previously. They then went across to <a href="/wiki/Possession_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Possession Point">Possession Point</a> and the opposite shore, and examined <a href="/wiki/Princess_Royal_Harbour" title="Princess Royal Harbour">Princess Royal Harbour</a>. </p><p>Not much is known of Westall's subsequent movements, but on 14 December he was on shore with Brown, Good, Westall, Allen, and possibly Bauer and a man named White, when they made the first contact with an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigine">Australian Aborigine</a>, who initially advanced on them, shouting and brandishing a spear, but then retreated before them, setting fire to the grass behind him. On 23 December Westall was one of a large party who set off on a grueling two-day overland expedition to <a href="/wiki/Torbay_Inlet" title="Torbay Inlet">Torbay Inlet</a> and back. </p><p>By 30 December <i>Investigator</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s men had established amicable relations with the Aborigines. That day Westall sketched an Aboriginal man named Warena, and showed it to him. Warena was pleased, and bared his body to the waist so that Westall could complete the drawing. A sketch of an Aboriginal man survives, and Rienitz and Rienitz assume that this is Warena,<sup id="cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_87–88_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rienitz_1963_87–88-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Vallance <i>et al.</i> (2001) note that the sketch does not match Brown's description of Warena as a "middle aged stout man".<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2001_105_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2001_105-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1802, Westall landed with Bauer, apparently in company with Brown, and apparently at <a href="/wiki/Limeburner_Point" title="Limeburner Point">Limeburner Point</a>. Westall and Bauer subsequently went exploring together, and discovered the Western Australian Pitcher Plant (<i><a href="/wiki/Cephalotus_follicularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotus follicularis">Cephalotus follicularis</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2001_105–106_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2001_105–106-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From this time on, the surviving drawings by Westall decrease markedly in both number and quality. Findlay assumed that nearly all of Westall's drawings have survived, and sees the Westall's low output as indicative of his growing disillusionment with the Australian landscape, which he perceived as lacking in the <a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">picturesque</a> qualities he sought. Rienitz and Rienitz, on the other hand, perceive Westall as diligent enough, and assume that many of his drawing have been lost. </p><p>Only five sketches and a watercolour are extant from Westall's time in King George's Sound, and he seems to have made only one sketch during the five days spent in <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Bay" title="Lucky Bay">Lucky Bay</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Cape_Catastrophe" title="Cape Catastrophe">Cape Catastrophe</a>, where eight men were drowned, Westall sketched <a href="/wiki/Thistle_Island" title="Thistle Island">Thistle Island</a>, and painted a <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_3–11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_3–11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg/220px-Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg/330px-Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg/440px-Sydney_%E2%80%94_Government_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i>Sydney: Government House</i>, 1802</figcaption></figure> <p>The arrival of <i>Investigator</i> at the settlement at <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>) on 8 May 1802 seems to have revitalised Westall. During there ten-week hiatus there, he produced a great deal of work, including no fewer than thirteen detailed drawings of the <a href="/wiki/Hawkesbury_River" title="Hawkesbury River">Hawkesbury River</a>, with which he was much taken. He also sketched some local <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigines">Aborigines</a>, and was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Gidley_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip Gidley King">Phillip Gidley King</a>, to paint <a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Parramatta" title="Old Government House, Parramatta">Government House</a>. The resulting watercolour is one of a very few paintings that Westall completed during the voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_12–13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_12–13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heading north up the east coast, Westall continued drawing coastal profiles, but put less effort in than ever. Anchoring in Port Bowen on 21 August, the scientists went ashore to explore, and Flinders offered to name the highest mountain over whoever reached the peak first. Westall won; hence the name of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Westall_(Queensland)" title="Mount Westall (Queensland)">Mount Westall</a>. Continuing north, <i>Investigator</i> found a passage through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a>, passed through <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a>, and anchored off <a href="/wiki/Murray_Island,_Queensland" title="Murray Island, Queensland">Murray Island</a>, where about fifty <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a> came out in <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a> to trade. From this time onward, Westall largely eschewed landscapes in favour of portraying events and people. Amongst his work in this period is the watercolour <i>Murray Isles</i>, which depicts the islanders coming out to trade; <i>The English Company's Islands: <a href="/wiki/Pobasso" title="Pobasso">Probasso, a Malay Chief</a></i>, a portrait of a <a href="/wiki/Macassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Macassan">Macassan</a> <a href="/wiki/Trepanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Trepanger">trepanger</a> chieftain; and several watercolour copies of Aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a>. The last of these makes Westall the first European artist to depict Aboriginal cave paintings, and, more generally, one of the first Europeans to document Aboriginal artwork<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_14–15,_39_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_14–15,_39-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when on 14 January 1803 Flinders' party made landfall on <a href="/wiki/Chasm_Island" title="Chasm Island">Chasm Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg/220px-Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg/330px-Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg/440px-Westall_Chasm_Island_art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>William Westall (1803) <i>Chasm Island, native cave painting, 1803,</i> watercolour</figcaption></figure><p> Within the island's rock shelters, they discovered an array of painted and stenciled patterns and Flinders enlisted Westall to record these images. In his journal, Flinders not only detailed the location and the artworks but also authored the inaugural site report:</p><blockquote><p>In the deep sides of the chasms were deep holes or caverns undermining the cliffs; upon the walls of which I found rude drawings, made with charcoal and something like red paint upon the white ground of the rock. These drawings represented porpoises, turtle, kanguroos [sic], and a human hand; and Mr. Westall, who went afterwards to see them, found the representation of a kanguroo [sic], with a file of thirty-two persons following after it. The third person of the band was twice the height of the others, and held in his hand something resembling the whaddie, or wooden sword of the natives of <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a>; and was probably intended to represent a chief. They could not, as with us, indicate superiority by clothing or ornament, since they wore none of any kind; and therefore, with the addition of a weapon, similar to the ancients, they seem to have made superiority of person the principal emblem of superior power, of which, indeed, power is usually a consequence in the very early stages of society.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Wreck_Reef,_Terra_Australis_(Westall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg/220px-View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg/330px-View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg/440px-View_of_Wreck_Reef%2C_Terra_Australis_%28Westall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption><i>View of Wreck Reef Bank Taken at Low Water: Terra Australis</i>, 1803</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time Flinders had finished surveying the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a>, <i>Investigator</i> was rotting badly, and Flinders reluctantly decided to return to Port Jackson via the west and south coasts. Arriving back at Port Jackson in June 1803, <i>Investigator</i> was condemned, and Flinders decided to return to England to request a new ship. Though some of the scientists elected to remain in <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Port Jackson</a> and await Flinders' return, Westall joined Flinders as a passenger on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Porpoise_(1799)" title="HMS Porpoise (1799)">HMS <i>Porpoise</i></a>. They set sail on 10 August, but a week later the ship was wrecked on the <a href="/wiki/Wreck_Reefs" title="Wreck Reefs">Wreck Reefs</a>, and the crew and passengers were marooned on a narrow sandbank for nearly three weeks while Flinders returned to Port Jackson in <i>Porpoise</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">cutter</a> to obtain help. Two rescue ships were sent: <i>Cumberland</i>, which was instructed to return to Port Jackson; and <i>Rolla</i>, which was <i>en route</i> to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>. Westall decided to board the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_16-18_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_16-18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very few of Westall's drawings were lost in the wreck, though some were water-damaged, and incurred further damage when Flinders' second lieutenant and brother Samuel Flinders allowed the sheep to run over them while Westall had them laid out drying in the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-Estensen_2003_300_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estensen_2003_300-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst marooned on the sandbank, Westall produced a watercolour entitled <i>View of Wreck Reef Bank Taken at Low Water: Terra Australia</i>; this was Westall's final drawing of the voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_16-18_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_16-18-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_and_India">China and India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China and India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westall arrived in Canton at the end of 1803. Rather than returning immediately to England, he spend some time exploring Canton, then sailed on to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. As he was on the British government payroll at the time, he had no right to do so without permission, and must have known it, since, just before departing for India, he wrote a long letter to Banks justifying his travel plans. In doing so he complained about the monotony of the Australian landscape, declared that he would not have agreed to the position if he had known that the voyage was confined to Australia alone, and hinted that he had the right to go to India as compensation for the failure of the <i>Investigator</i> to stop anywhere interesting. The admiralty took a dim view of the letter, terminating his employment immediately, and telling him to make his own way home.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_19-20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_19-20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeira_and_Jamaica">Madeira and Jamaica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Madeira and Jamaica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westall returned to England at the end of 1804, only to learn that Flinders was imprisoned on <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. Realising that he would not be asked to work his sketches up for some time, he sailed once more to Madeira, and then on to <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, returning to England in 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_1998_19-20_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_1998_19-20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg/220px-View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg/330px-View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg/440px-View_from_the_south_side_of_King_George%27s_Sound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption><i>View from the South Side of King George's Sound</i>, an engraving by <a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(artist,_died_1847)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Byrne (artist, died 1847)">John Byrne</a> after Westall, first published in Flinders' <i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_to_Terra_Australis" title="A Voyage to Terra Australis">A Voyage to Terra Australis</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1809, the Admiralty were feeling pressure to show some results of the voyage; yet Flinders still had not been released by the French, so a published account of the voyage was still some years off. To fill the void, the Admiralty commissioned Westall to produce nine <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil paintings</a> of Australian scenes. These took Westall three years to complete. A selection were exhibited in 1810, and again in 1812, and as a result Westall won election as an Associate of the Royal Academy. When work on Flinders' <i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_to_Terra_Australis" title="A Voyage to Terra Australis">A Voyage to Terra Australis</a></i> got underway in 1811, it was Westall's oil paintings that became the basis of the engravings to be published therein. Westall himself took responsibility for squaring down the paintings to drawings of the actual size to be published, and these were then handed over to engravers, who produced <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">intaglio</a> plates using a combination of <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> and direct engraving.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_21–48_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_21–48-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Voyage to Terra Australis</i> was eventually published in 1814, and shortly afterwards Westall published the engravings separately under the title <i>Views of Australian Scenery</i>. </p><p>In 1811 Westall published <i>Foreign Scenery</i>, a collection of landscapes depicting Madeira, the Cape of Good Hope, China and India. This was a financially successful venture, and attracted the attention of publisher <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ackermann" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Ackermann">Rudolf Ackermann</a>, who approached him to contribute to several of his works. Westall ended up doing a good deal of work for Ackermann, including views of several universities and public schools for Ackermann's series of school histories; and over a hundred drawing for <i>Great Britain Illustrated</i> (1830). He also worked for <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>, such as several contributions to <i>A Picturesque Tour of the River Thames</i> (for which he shared authorship with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Owen_(artist)" title="Samuel Owen (artist)">Samuel Owen</a> 1828).<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_49_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Westall.jpg/220px-Westall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Westall.jpg/330px-Westall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Westall.jpg/440px-Westall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption><i>Self-portrait of William Westall</i>, c. 1820</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_grave_of_William_Westall,_High_Hampstead,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg/220px-The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg/330px-The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg/440px-The_grave_of_William_Westall%2C_High_Hampstead%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>The grave of William Westall, High Hampstead, London</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1820, Westall married Ann Sedgwick; they had four sons, William, Thomas, Richard and Robert, who was also an artist.<sup id="cite_ref-DAAO_William_Westall_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAAO_William_Westall-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporting his family became the prime imperative of Westall's later life, and it is said that he often complained that he had sacrificed the chance of fame and success in order to earn a steady income in illustration. </p><p>Westall's health began to decline in the 1840s, and in 1847 he broke his arm. He never recovered from this setback, finding it difficult to continue working. He gave his final exhibition in 1848, and died in January 1850, aged 68. His grave is in the graveyard of <a href="/wiki/St_John-at-Hampstead" title="St John-at-Hampstead">St John-at-Hampstead</a> in north <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, south of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_52_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_52-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899, Westall's sons sold 140 of the original drawings from the voyage of HMS <i>Investigator</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Colonial_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Colonial Institute">Royal Colonial Institute</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Society" title="Royal Commonwealth Society">Royal Commonwealth Society</a>) for 100 guineas. In 1968 they were published as <i>Drawing of William Westall</i>; later that year they were purchased by the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a> for 38,000 pounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment_of_his_work">Assessment of his work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Assessment of his work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westall's work during the voyage of the <i>Investigator</i> has been the subject of much analysis and comment, most of it critical. In terms of output, the 140 drawing he produced during the voyage compares unfavourably with the 2000 sketches produced by Bauer in the same period. Moreover, some of Westall's drawings are so lacking in detail as to appear almost cursory. He has also been criticised for his choice of subjects: his primary task was to record landscapes, but in the latter half of the voyage he mostly neglected them in favour of portraying people and events.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_14–16_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_14–16-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But the main criticism levelled against Westall's <i>Investigator</i> work relates to his taking of artistic license. There was an expectation that Westall's pictures would serve as accurate objective records, and in many cases they are: his coastal profiles in particular have been praised for their accuracy. In some cases, however, Westall has introduced substantial inaccuracies. When an Aborigine was shot in the back, Westall's sketch showed the gunshot wound in the chest; and his sketch of Wreck Reef shows emergent coral reef, when in fact the coral remained always underwater.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_22–34,_43_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_22–34,_43-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These inaccuracies were compounded when Westall came to convert his sketches into oil paintings. A devotee of the <a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">picturesque</a> aesthetic ideal, Westall sought to impose this ideal upon the Australian landscape. To this end he manipulated the foreground of his paintings heavily, rearranging and inserting features to obtain a desirable <a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">composition</a>. Examples include his <i>Entrance to Port Lincoln from behind <a href="/wiki/Memory_Cove" title="Memory Cove">Memory Cove</a>, February 1802</i>, which superimposes the foreground from one sketch of <a href="/wiki/Port_Lincoln" title="Port Lincoln">Port Lincoln</a> upon the background of another; and his <i>Part of King George Sound, on the South Coast of New Holland</i>, which is based upon his drawing of <a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="King George's Sound">King George's Sound</a>, but has a completely revised foreground, including the insertion of a <i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a></i> that Westall sketched at <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gulf" title="Spencer Gulf">Spencer Gulf</a>, 1800 kilometres to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_21–26_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_21–26-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westall's later work has not been subjected to much critical analysis, but his contemporary and friend <a href="/wiki/John_Landseer" title="John Landseer">John Landseer</a> considered that he was under-rated, and a better artist than <a href="/wiki/William_Hodges" title="William Hodges">William Hodges</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Webber" title="John Webber">John Webber</a>, the artists on <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s second and third expeditions respectively. Landseer thought that Westall would have received more recognition, were he not "a mild and unobtrusive man, whilst the others were pushing and solicitous".<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_54_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_54-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a list of publications illustrated by Westall, see <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Westall" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:William Westall">Wikisource:Author:William Westall</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_and_American_voyages_of_scientific_exploration" title="European and American voyages of scientific exploration">European and American voyages of scientific exploration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rienitz_1963-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rienitz & Rienitz (1963)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_xiii-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_xiii_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): <i>xiii</i>. "Operating through Benjamin West, the President of the Royal Academy, Daniell contrived to have Westall's name put before Banks."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mabberley_1985-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mabberley_1985_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMabberley,_David1985" class="citation book cs1">Mabberley, David (1985). <i>Jupiter Botanicus: Robert Brown of the British Museum</i>. Braunschweig: J. Cramer. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7682-1408-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7682-1408-7"><bdi>3-7682-1408-7</bdi></a>. <q>Britain's greatest botanist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jupiter+Botanicus%3A+Robert+Brown+of+the+British+Museum&rft.place=Braunschweig&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=J.+Cramer&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-7682-1408-7&rft.au=Mabberley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mabberley_1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mabberley_1999_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMabberley,_David1999" class="citation book cs1">Mabberley, David (1999). <i>Ferdinand Bauer: The Nature of Discovery</i>. London: Merrell Holbertson Publishers. p. 7. <q>The Bauer brothers, Ferdinand and Franz, have been called the greatest of all botanical painters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferdinand+Bauer%3A+The+Nature+of+Discovery&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Merrell+Holbertson+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Mabberley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Good_1981_36–37-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Good_1981_36–37_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Good_1981_36–37_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Good (1981): 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2001_58–59-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2001_58–59_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown (2001): 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore_2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_D._T.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, D. T. (2001). "Aspects of the work of Robert Brown and the other <i>Investigator</i> naturalists on Madeira in August 1801". <i>Archives of Natural History</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 383–394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fanh.2001.0008">10.3366/anh.2001.0008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+the+work+of+Robert+Brown+and+the+other+Investigator+naturalists+on+Madeira+in+August+1801&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=383-394&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fanh.2001.0008&rft.au=Moore%2C+D.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Good_1981_43–44-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Good_1981_43–44_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Good (1981): 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rienitz_1963_87–88-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rienitz_1963_87–88_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rienitz & Rienitz (1963): 90. "In the Royal Commonwealth Society's collections there are four landscape sketches and a pencil study of a native, presumably Warena."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2001_105-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2001_105_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown (2001): 105. "The old man & the middle aged stout man with a name we supposed was Warena...". Footnote 1: "The only sketch of a King George Sound native reproduced in Perry & Simpson (1962) is Westall 12. It bears no sign of the subject's name but clearly the man was not 'stout'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2001_105–106-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2001_105–106_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown (2001): 105–106. Brown is thought to have landed near Limeburner Point on 31 December; see Footnote 1 for 31 December 1801. The following day he returned to the same place, apparently in company with Westall and Bauer; see Footnote 2 for 2 January 1802. Westall and Bauer found <i>C. follicularis</i> that day; see entry for 2 January 1802: "Mr Good went in search of the pitcher plant w<sup>ch</sup> Messrs Bauer & Westall had found yesterday in flower."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_3–11-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_3–11_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 3–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_12–13-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_12–13_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_14–15,_39-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_14–15,_39_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 14–15, 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthyAustralian_Museum1960" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Frederick D.; Australian Museum (1960). <i>The cave paintings of Groote, Eylandt and Chasm Island</i>. Sydney, N.S.W.: Australian Museum. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/271765347">271765347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cave+paintings+of+Groote%2C+Eylandt+and+Chasm+Island&rft.place=Sydney%2C+N.S.W.&rft.pub=Australian+Museum&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F271765347&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Frederick+D.&rft.au=Australian+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaloupka1993" class="citation book cs1">Chaloupka, George (1993). <i>Journey in time : the world's longest continuing art tradition : the 50,000 year story of the Australian aboriginal rock art of Arnhem land</i>. Chatswood, NSW: Reed. pp. 80, 123, 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780730103103" title="Special:BookSources/9780730103103"><bdi>9780730103103</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30661847">30661847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journey+in+time+%3A+the+world%27s+longest+continuing+art+tradition+%3A+the+50%2C000+year+story+of+the+Australian+aboriginal+rock+art+of+Arnhem+land&rft.place=Chatswood%2C+NSW&rft.pages=80%2C+123%2C+238&rft.pub=Reed&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30661847&rft.isbn=9780730103103&rft.aulast=Chaloupka&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_16-18-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_16-18_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_16-18_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 16–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estensen_2003_300-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Estensen_2003_300_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Estensen (2003): 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_1998_19-20-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_19-20_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_1998_19-20_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_21–48-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_21–48_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 21–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_49-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_49_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAAO_William_Westall-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAAO_William_Westall_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daao.org.au/main/read/7281">"William Westall"</a>. <i>Dictionary of Australian Artists Online (DAAO)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Artists+Online+%28DAAO%29&rft.atitle=William+Westall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daao.org.au%2Fmain%2Fread%2F7281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span> Many sources incorrectly state that Westall had only three sons, omitting Richard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_52-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_52_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_14–16-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_14–16_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_22–34,_43-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_22–34,_43_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 22–34, 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_21–26-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_21–26_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998) 21–26. Findlay also reports the inclusion of a grass tree from Port Jackson, but the grass tree is a <i><a href="/wiki/Kingia" title="Kingia">Kingia</a></i>, which is native to King George Sound, not Port Jackson. The source of the misunderstanding is a sketch of several grass trees, including <i>Kingia</i>, wrongly titled <i>Port Jackson: Grass Trees</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay_(1998)_54-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay_(1998)_54_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findlay (1998): 54, citing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRienits,_RexRienitz,_Thea1963" class="citation book cs1">Rienits, Rex & Rienitz, Thea (1963). <i>Early Artists of Australia</i>. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Artists+of+Australia&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Rienits%2C+Rex&rft.au=Rienitz%2C+Thea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Robert;_Vallance,_T._G.,_Moore,_D._T._and_Groves_E._W._(compilers);_Orchard,_Tony_and_Wilson,_Annette_(editors)2001" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Robert; Vallance, T. G., Moore, D. T. and Groves E. W. (compilers); Orchard, Tony and Wilson, Annette (editors) (2001). <i>Nature's Investigator: The Diary of Robert Brown in Australia, 1801–1805</i>. Canberra: Australian Biographical Resources Study. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-56817-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-56817-0"><bdi>0-642-56817-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Investigator%3A+The+Diary+of+Robert+Brown+in+Australia%2C+1801%E2%80%931805&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+Biographical+Resources+Study&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-642-56817-0&rft.au=Brown%2C+Robert%3B+Vallance%2C+T.+G.%2C+Moore%2C+D.+T.+and+Groves+E.+W.+%28compilers%29%3B+Orchard%2C+Tony+and+Wilson%2C+Annette+%28editors%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstensen,_Miriam2003" class="citation book cs1">Estensen, Miriam (2003). <i>Matthew Flinders</i>. Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74114-152-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-74114-152-4"><bdi>1-74114-152-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew+Flinders&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-74114-152-4&rft.au=Estensen%2C+Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay,_Elizabeth1998" class="citation book cs1">Findlay, Elizabeth (1998). <i>Arcadian Quest: William Westall's Australian Sketches</i>. National Library of Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-10798-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-10798-X"><bdi>0-642-10798-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arcadian+Quest%3A+William+Westall%27s+Australian+Sketches&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-642-10798-X&rft.au=Findlay%2C+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood,_Peter;_Edwards,_Phyllis_I._(editor)1981" class="citation book cs1">Good, Peter; Edwards, Phyllis I. (editor) (1981). <i>The Journal of Peter Good</i>. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) History Series. Vol. 9. London: British Museum (Natural History). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-908120-45-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-908120-45-1"><bdi>0-908120-45-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0068-2306">0068-2306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+of+Peter+Good&rft.place=London&rft.series=Bulletin+of+the+British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29+History+Series&rft.pub=British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.date=1981&rft.issn=0068-2306&rft.isbn=0-908120-45-1&rft.au=Good%2C+Peter%3B+Edwards%2C+Phyllis+I.+%28editor%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRienitz,_RexRienitz,_Thea1963" class="citation book cs1">Rienitz, Rex & Rienitz, Thea (1963). "Chapter 4: William Westall". <i>Early Artists of Australia</i>. pp. 80–123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+William+Westall&rft.btitle=Early+Artists+of+Australia&rft.pages=80-123&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Rienitz%2C+Rex&rft.au=Rienitz%2C+Thea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay,_Elisabeth1998" class="citation journal cs1">Findlay, Elisabeth (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120205171949/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/131760/20120120-0944/www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/1998/oct98/oct98news.html">"Arcadian quest"</a>. <i>National Library of Australia News</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 3–7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/1998/oct98/oct98news.html">the original</a> on 5 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Australia+News&rft.atitle=Arcadian+quest&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-7&rft.date=1998-10&rft.au=Findlay%2C+Elisabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Fpub%2Fnlanews%2F1998%2Foct98%2Foct98news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonteath,_Peter2002" class="citation book cs1">Monteath, Peter (2002). "Contradictory Encounters: William Westall in Australia". In Chittleborough, Anne; Dooley, Gillian; Glover, Brenda; Hosking, Rick (eds.). <i>Alas, for the Pelicans! Flinders, Baudin & Beyond</i>. Wakefield Press. pp. 47–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86254-603-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86254-603-7"><bdi>1-86254-603-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Contradictory+Encounters%3A+William+Westall+in+Australia&rft.btitle=Alas%2C+for+the+Pelicans%21+Flinders%2C+Baudin+%26+Beyond&rft.pages=47-56&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86254-603-7&rft.au=Monteath%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry,_T._M.Donald_H._Simpson1962" class="citation book cs1">Perry, T. M. & Donald H. Simpson, eds. (1962). <i>Drawings by William Westall, landscape artist on board H.M.S. Investigator during the circumnavigation of Australia by Captain Matthew Flinders, R.N., in 1801-1803</i>. London: Royal Commonwealth Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drawings+by+William+Westall%2C+landscape+artist+on+board+H.M.S.+Investigator+during+the+circumnavigation+of+Australia+by+Captain+Matthew+Flinders%2C+R.N.%2C+in+1801-1803&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Commonwealth+Society&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStehn,_KayGeorge,_Alex2005" class="citation book cs1">Stehn, Kay & George, Alex (2005). "Chapter 7: Artist in a New Land: William Westall in New Holland". In Wege, Juliet; et al. (eds.). <i>Matthew Flinders and his Scientific Gentlemen</i>. Western Australian Museum. pp. 77–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-920843-20-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-920843-20-5"><bdi>1-920843-20-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Artist+in+a+New+Land%3A+William+Westall+in+New+Holland&rft.btitle=Matthew+Flinders+and+his+Scientific+Gentlemen&rft.pages=77-95&rft.pub=Western+Australian+Museum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-920843-20-5&rft.au=Stehn%2C+Kay&rft.au=George%2C+Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_S.2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, S. (2002). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Beautiful to the Eye or Interesting to Science': The Conundrum of Natural History Art". <i>The Encounter 1802: Art of the Flinders and Baudin Voyages</i>. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Beautiful+to+the+Eye+or+Interesting+to+Science%27%3A+The+Conundrum+of+Natural+History+Art&rft.btitle=The+Encounter+1802%3A+Art+of+the+Flinders+and+Baudin+Voyages&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pub=Art+Gallery+of+South+Australia&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Thomas%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestall,_Richard_J.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Westall, Richard J. (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20120205171952/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/131760/20120120-0944/www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2007/feb07/feb07news.html">"The Westall pictures"</a>. <i>National Library of Australia News</i>. <b>XVII</b> (5): 7–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Australia+News&rft.atitle=The+Westall+pictures&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=7-10&rft.date=2007-02&rft.au=Westall%2C+Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nla.gov.au%2Fawa%2F20120205171952%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpandora.nla.gov.au%2Fpan%2F131760%2F20120120-0944%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Fpub%2Fnlanews%2F2007%2Ffeb07%2Ffeb07news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestall,_Robert1850" class="citation journal cs1">Westall, Robert (1850). "William Westall". <i>Art Journal</i>. <b>12</b>: 104–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+Journal&rft.atitle=William+Westall&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=104-105&rft.date=1850&rft.au=Westall%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Westall&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_Westall" class="extiw" title="commons:William Westall"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">William Westall</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Westall" class="extiw" title="s:Author:William Westall">William Westall</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:westall-william-17811850">18 artworks by or after William Westall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Art_UK" title="Art UK">Art UK</a> site</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Serle" title="Percival Serle">Serle, Percival</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html#westall1">"Westall, William"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a></i>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Angus_%26_Robertson" title="Angus & Robertson">Angus & Robertson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Westall%2C+William&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html%23westall1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Westall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daao.org.au/main/read/6543">William Westall</a>, <i>Dictionary of Australian Artists Online</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/catalogue/pictures/">Westall's works</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp57995">Westall's work</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Portrait Gallery (London)">National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/travellersart/flinders.html">Westall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>'s online exhibition <i>Travellers Art</i>(2003)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/navigators/naturalists/westall.htm">'William Westall', <i>The Navigators - The Naturalists</i> (ABC Learn Online)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racollection.org.uk/ixbin/indexplus?_IXACTION_=file&_IXFILE_=templates/full/person.html&_IXTRAIL_=Academicians&person=5970">Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Poem_of_Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Forget_Me_Not,_1835/Madeira" class="extiw" title="s:A Poem of Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Forget Me Not, 1835/Madeira">Madeira</a>., drawn by Westall and engraved by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Goodall" title="Edward Goodall">Edward Goodall</a> for the Forget Me Not annual, 1835, with a poetical illustration by <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_(L._E._L.)_in_Fisher%27s_Drawing_Room_Scrap_Book,_1836/The_Fortress_of_Bowrie,_in_Rajpootana" class="extiw" title="s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836/The Fortress of Bowrie, in Rajpootana">The Fortress of Bowrie, in Rajpootana</a>., drawn by Westall and engraved by W A Le Petit for Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8020218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8020218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8020218#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066670032">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42192548">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/298592/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxRBVvcDV8wKdHbD7YXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/172448603">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr92002135">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Westall, William <1781-1850>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV832016">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35816213">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/221685">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07005682X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810590070005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282624705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500017672">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/83817">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daao.org.au/bio/william-westall">Australian Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/4377/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?table_name=dsi&function=details&where_field=id&where_value=511">Scientific illustrators</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/571024">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/westall-william-2785">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd172448603.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60s0kfm">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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