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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nanyue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nanyue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nanyue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nanyue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Imperial China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Revolutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>People's Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Natural resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Water resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Biological Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineral_Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineral_Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Mineral Resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineral_Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zhujiang_New_Town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zhujiang_New_Town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Zhujiang New Town</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zhujiang_New_Town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canton_Fair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canton_Fair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Canton Fair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canton_Fair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Local products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Business Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnicity and language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_Guangzhou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_Guangzhou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Development of Guangzhou</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_Guangzhou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_mass_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_mass_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Urban mass transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_mass_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motor_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Motor transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Water transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Taoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restaurants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restaurants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Restaurants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restaurants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Destinations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Destinations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Destinations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Destinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eight_Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eight_Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Eight Views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eight_Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedestrian_streets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedestrian_streets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Pedestrian streets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedestrian_streets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malls_and_shopping_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malls_and_shopping_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Malls and shopping centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malls_and_shopping_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Major buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates_General/consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates_General/consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Consulates General/consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates_General/consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guangzhou</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%A6%E1%8B%8D" title="ጓንግዦው – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጓንግዦው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88" title="غوانجو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوانجو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_(China)" title="Cantón (China) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cantón (China)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quan%C3%A7jou" title="Quançjou – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quançjou" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="قوانگژو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوانگژو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C" title="কুয়াংচৌ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুয়াংচৌ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%84g-chiu-chh%C4%AB" title="Kńg-chiu-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kńg-chiu-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Гуанчжоў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гуанчжоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанджоу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуанджоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོང་ཀྲོའུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོང་ཀྲོའུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton" title="Canton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Guangzhou (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guangzhou (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(%C4%8C%C3%ADna)" title="Kanton (Čína) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kanton (Čína)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Γκουανγκτζόου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουανγκτζόου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_(China)" title="Cantón (China) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantón (China)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_(%C4%88inio)" title="Kantono (Ĉinio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantono (Ĉinio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n" title="Cantón – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cantón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%DA%98%D9%88" title="گوانگ‌ژو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوانگ‌ژو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(Chine)" title="Canton (Chine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton (Chine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n,_China" title="Cantón, China – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cantón, China" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="廣州 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="廣州" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-ch%C3%BB-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kóng-chû-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-chû-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%9C" title="광저우시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광저우시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B3%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Գուանճոու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գուանճոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%89" title="ग्वांगझोउ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्वांगझोउ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton" title="Canton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95" title="גואנגג'ואו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גואנגג'ואו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="გუანჯოუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუანჯოუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%A7" title="ກວ່າງໂຈວ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກວ່າງໂຈວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quancheum" title="Quancheum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quancheum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guand%C5%BEou" title="Guandžou – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Guandžou" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangd%C5%BEou" title="Guangdžou – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Guangdžou" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Kanton (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kanton (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%89" title="ग्वांगझोउ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्वांगझोउ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%9F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуангџоу – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гуангџоу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B" title="ഗ്വാങ്ജോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്വാങ്ജോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(%C4%8Aina)" title="Canton (Ċina) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Canton (Ċina)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C" title="क्वांगचौ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्वांगचौ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="გუანჯოუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გუანჯოუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88" title="جوانزو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوانزو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AC%D9%88" title="گوانگجو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوانگجو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%8Dng-ci%C5%AD" title="Guōng-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guōng-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанжоу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гуанжоу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကွမ်ကျိုးမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွမ်ကျိုးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guagasu" title="Guagasu – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Guagasu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="ग्वाङझाउ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्वाङझाउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="広州市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広州市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(China)" title="Canton (China) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canton (China)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanchjou" title="Guanchjou – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Guanchjou" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82" title="ਗੁਆਂਗਜ਼ੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਆਂਗਜ਼ੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="گوانگژو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوانگژو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C" title="ក្វាងចូវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្វាងចូវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B2n" title="Cantòn – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cantòn" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(Chiny)" title="Kanton (Chiny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kanton (Chiny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%A3o_(cidade)" title="Cantão (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cantão (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangjow" title="Guangjow – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Guangjow" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуандьоу – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гуандьоу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A3" title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱚᱣ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱚᱣ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%88" title="گوانگزو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گوانگزو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_(mesto)" title="Kanton (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kanton (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangd%C5%BEov" title="Guangdžov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Guangdžov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C5%AFn_(Chiny)" title="Kantůn (Chiny) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kantůn (Chiny)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%DB%86%D9%88" title="گوانگژۆو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوانگژۆو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%9F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуангџоу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гуангџоу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton" title="Kanton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8C" title="குவாங்சௌ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவாங்சௌ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%97%D1%83" title="Гуаңҗу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гуаңҗу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7" title="กว่างโจว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กว่างโจว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Гуанчжоу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гуанчжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%98%D9%88" title="گوانگژو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوانگژو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%87%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%AC%DB%87_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="گۇاڭجۇ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۇاڭجۇ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvangjcouh" title="Gvangjcouh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gvangjcouh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan%C4%8D%C5%BEou" title="Guančžou – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Guančžou" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Quảng Châu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quảng Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="廣州市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="廣州市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="广州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="广州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="廣州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廣州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Guangzhou" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="广州市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="广州市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guangzhou&params=23_07_48_N_113_15_36_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-44"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°07′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°15′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.13000°N 113.26000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.13000; 113.26000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Guangdong, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Guangzhou (disambiguation)">Guangzhou (disambiguation)</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Canton (disambiguation)">Canton</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Guangdong, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Guangzhou</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">广州市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Canton; Kwangchow</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:185px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg/278px-Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg/417px-Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg/556px-Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7205" data-file-height="4803" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a> in front of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_(32894232332)-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg/137px-Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg/206px-Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg/274px-Zhujiang_New_Town_02589-Guangzhou_%2832894232332%29-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2617" data-file-height="1745" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Library" title="Guangzhou Library">Guangzhou Library</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Zone_B,_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/137px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/206px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/274px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair_Complex" title="Canton Fair Complex">Canton Fair Complex</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:73px;max-width:73px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg/71px-Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg/107px-Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg/142px-Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees_pagoda_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Liurong_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Liurong Temple">Liurong Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Five-Ram_Sculpture_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg/127px-Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg/191px-Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg/254px-Five-Ram_Sculpture_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Five_Goats" title="The Legend of Five Goats">Five-Ram Sculpture</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:73px;max-width:73px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG/71px-Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG/107px-Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG/142px-Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart_Guangzhou_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_of_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E9%95%87%E6%B5%B7%E6%A5%BC2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3786" data-file-height="2524" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Zhenhai_Tower_(Guangzhou)" title="Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)">Zhenhai Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="border:1;;height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg/137px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg/206px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg/274px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_(Guangzhou)" title="Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Rams, City of Flowers, City of Rice Spike</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-lat="23.132" data-lon="113.6" data-overlays="["_0e969ce406a76cdbad4ecadabf41cba336bb79f4"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/23.132/113.6/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,23.132,113.6,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Guangzhou&revid=1275725142&groups=_0e969ce406a76cdbad4ecadabf41cba336bb79f4" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,23.132,113.6,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Guangzhou&revid=1275725142&groups=_0e969ce406a76cdbad4ecadabf41cba336bb79f4 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Guangzhou City jurisdiction in Guangdong"><img alt="Location of Guangzhou City jurisdiction in Guangdong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg/250px-Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg/375px-Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg/500px-Guangdong_subdivisions_-_Guangzhou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="690" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Guangzhou City jurisdiction in Guangdong</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou is located in Guangdong"><img alt="Guangzhou is located in Guangdong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg/250px-China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg/375px-China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg/500px-China_Guangdong_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="881" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.088%;left:47.654%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Guangzhou"><img alt="Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Guangzhou</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the city center in Guangdong</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Guangdong</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou is located in China"><img alt="Guangzhou is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.789%;left:67.651%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Guangzhou"><img alt="Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Guangzhou</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Guangzhou (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Guangdong People's Government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guangzhou&params=23_07_48_N_113_15_36_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-44"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°07′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°15′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.13000°N 113.26000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.13000; 113.26000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">214 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Municipal People's Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:廣州市人民代表大會">zh</a>]</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guo_Yonghang" title="Guo Yonghang">Guo Yonghang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Municipal People's Congress</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="extiw" title="zh:廣州市人民代表大會">zh</a>]</span> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Wang Yanshi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Guangzhou" title="Mayor of Guangzhou">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Zhiyang" title="Sun Zhiyang">Sun Zhiyang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Li Yiwei</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-guangzhoustatarea_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guangzhoustatarea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,434.4 km<sup>2</sup> (2,870.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,256.4 km<sup>2</sup> (871.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,144.1 km<sup>2</sup> (7,777.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 m (69 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,676,605</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500/km<sup>2</sup> (6,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,940,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">12,000/km<sup>2</sup> (31,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32,623,413</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,600/km<sup>2</sup> (4,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-chinanews.com.cn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinanews.com.cn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 2.823 trillion</li><li><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 437.7 billion</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CN¥ 151,162</li><li>US$ 23,436</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">China Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">510000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">(0)20</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-GD-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_China" title="Vehicle registration plates of China">License plate</a> prefixes</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">粤A</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Bombax_ceiba" title="Bombax ceiba">Bombax ceiba</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_hwamei" title="Chinese hwamei">Chinese hwamei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gz.gov.cn/guangzhouinternational/index.html">gz.gov.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Guangzhou</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/120px-Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/240px-Guangzhou_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="638" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Guangzhou" in <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a> (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">广州</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">廣州</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg\/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gu\u01cengzh\u014du"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Guangzhou pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Guǎngzhōu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Guangzhou pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1a\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gw\u00f3ngj\u0101u"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Yue-gwong2zau1.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Gwóngjāu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus" title="File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Canton</li><li>Kwangchow</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/Guang_Prefecture_(Guangdong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guang Prefecture (Guangdong)">Broad</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (country subdivision)">Prefecture</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/31\/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg\/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gu\u01cengzh\u014du"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Guangzhou pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg/Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Guǎngzhōu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Guangzhou pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄍㄨㄤˇ   ㄓㄡ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Goangjou</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Kuang<sup>3</sup>-chou<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngjhou</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Gwǎngjōu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kwàŋ.ʈʂóʊ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Kuaon-tseu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><span>Kong<sup>3</sup>-ziu<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1a\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Gw\u00f3ngj\u0101u"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Yue-gwong2zau1.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Gwóngjāu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus" title="File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">gwong2 zau1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔŋ˧˥.tsɐw˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Kńg-chiu</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese abbreviations">abbreviation</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A9%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:穗">穗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Suì</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Seuih</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Suì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄙㄨㄟˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Suey</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Sui<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Suèi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Swèi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[swêɪ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Seuih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">seoi6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɵɥ˨]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guangzhou</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">previously romanized</a> as <b>Canton</b><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Kwangchow</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">southern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located on the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a> about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and 145 km (90 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">port of Guangzhou</a> serves as a transportation hub for Guangzhou, one of China's three largest cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou was captured by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> and no longer enjoyed a monopoly after the war; consequently it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, but continued to serve as a major <a href="/wiki/Entrep%C3%B4t" title="Entrepôt">entrepôt</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Chuenpi" title="Second Battle of Chuenpi">Second Battle of Chuenpi</a> in 1841, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a> was signed between <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Sir Robert Peel</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lin_Zexu" title="Lin Zexu">Lin Zexu</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Daoguang_Emperor" title="Daoguang Emperor">Emperor Xuanzong</a> and ceded <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> to the United Kingdom on 26 January 1841 after the agreement of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Chuenpi" title="Convention of Chuenpi">Convention of Chuenpi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guangzhou is at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area</a>, the most populous built-up metropolitan area in the world, which extends into the neighboring cities of <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a>, forming the largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban agglomeration</a> on Earth with approximately 70 million residents<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a>. Administratively, the city holds <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">subprovincial</a> status<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of China's nine <a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1990s and early 2000s, nationals of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a> who had initially settled in the Middle East and Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997/98 Asian financial crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">domestic migrant population</a> from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city's total population in 2008. Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China.<sup id="cite_ref-cnd_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2020 census, the registered population of the city's expansive administrative area was 18,676,605 individuals (up 47 percent from the previous census in 2010), of whom 16,492,590 lived in 9 urban districts (all but <a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport</a>, the major airport of Guangzhou, briefly became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">world's busiest airport by passenger traffic</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is the fifth most populous city by urban resident population in China after Shanghai, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, Shenzhen and <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a>, the oldest and largest <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For three consecutive years (2013–2015), Forbes ranked Guangzhou as the best commercial city in mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is highly ranked as an <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Alpha (global first-tier)</a> city together with San Francisco and Stockholm.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a major <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> finance hub, ranking 21st globally in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an important international city, Guangzhou has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010 Asian Games</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Para_Games" title="2010 Asian Para Games">2010 Asian Para Games</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</a>. The city hosts 65 <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China#Guangzhou" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">foreign representatives</a>, making it the major city hosting the third most foreign representatives in China, after Beijing and Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, Guangzhou ranked 10th in the world and 5th in China—after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen—for the number of billionaire residents by the <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Hoogewerf" title="Rupert Hoogewerf">Hurun</a> Global Rich List.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is a <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> hub <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">ranking 8th globally</a> as well as 4th in the Asia-Pacific region,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is home to numerous <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Universities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg/157px-Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg/236px-Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg/314px-Wuxian_Xiadong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of the <a href="/wiki/Grotto_of_the_Five_Immortals" class="mw-redirect" title="Grotto of the Five Immortals">Grotto of the Five Immortals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> temple around the five stones which gave Guangzhou its nickname "The City of Rams"</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngzhōu</i></span> is the official <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanization</a> of the Chinese name <span lang="zh-Hans">广州</span>. The name of the city is taken from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Gu%C7%8Eng_Prefecture" title="Guǎng Prefecture">Guǎng Prefecture</a> after it had become the prefecture's seat of government. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">character</a> <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:廣">廣</a></span> or <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:广">广</a></span> means 'broad' or 'expansive'. </p><p>Before acquiring its current name, the town was known as Panyu (Punyü; <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E7%A6%BA#Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:番禺">番禺</a></span>), a name still borne by <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">one of Guangzhou's districts</a> not far from the main city. The origin of the name is still uncertain, with 11 various explanations being offered,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including that it may have referred to two local mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has also sometimes been known as Guangzhou Fu or Guangfu after its status as the capital of a <a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">prefecture</a>. From this latter name, Guangzhou was known to medieval Persians such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khordadbeh" title="Ibn Khordadbeh">Ibn Khordadbeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Khanfu (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خانفو</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a>, the city was renamed Xingwang Fu (<span lang="zh-Hant">興王府</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_abbreviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese abbreviation">Chinese abbreviation</a> for Guangzhou is <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A9%97#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:穗">穗</a></span>, pronounced <span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="yue-Latn">Seoi<sup>6</sup></i></span> in Cantonese and <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Suì</i></span> in Mandarin—although the abbreviation on car license plates, as with the rest of the province, is <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%A4#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:粤">粤</a></span>), after its nickname "City of Rice" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A9%97%E5%9F%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:穗城">穗城</a></span>). The city has long borne the nickname <span class="nowrap">City of Rams</span> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E5%9F%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:羊城">羊城</a></span>) or <span class="nowrap">City of the Five Rams</span> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%BE%8A%E5%9F%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:五羊城">五羊城</a></span>) from the five stones at the old <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Five_Immortals_(Guangzhou)" title="Temple of the Five Immortals (Guangzhou)">Temple of the Five Immortals</a> said to have been the sheep or goats ridden by the <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">culture heroes</a> credited with introducing <a href="/wiki/Rice_cultivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice cultivation">rice cultivation</a> to the area around the time of the city's foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former name "City of the <a href="/wiki/Taoist_Immortal" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist Immortal">Immortals</a>" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%9F%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:仙城">仙城</a></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">五仙城</span></span>) came from the same story. The more recent <span class="nowrap">City of Flowers</span> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9F%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:花城">花城</a></span>) is usually taken as a simple reference to the area's fine greenery. </p><p>The English name "Canton" derived from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Cidade de Cantão</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a blend of <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Chinese">dialectal</a> pronunciations of "Guangdong"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <i>Gwong2-dung1</i>). Although it originally and chiefly applied to the walled city, it was occasionally conflated with Guangdong by some authors. It was adopted as the <a href="/wiki/Postal_Map_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal Map Romanization">Postal Map Romanization</a> of Guangzhou, and remained the official name until its <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">name change</a> to "Guangzhou". As an adjective, it is still used in describing the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_culture" title="Cantonese culture">culture</a> of Guangzhou and the surrounding Liangguang region. The 19th-century name was "<span class="nowrap">Kwang-chow foo</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guangzhou" title="Timeline of Guangzhou">Timeline of Guangzhou</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG/180px-Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG/270px-Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG/360px-Si_l%C3%BC_yu_yi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jade_burial_suit" title="Jade burial suit">jade burial suit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mo" title="Zhao Mo">Zhao Mo</a> in Guangzhou's <a href="/wiki/Nanyue_King_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanyue King Museum">Nanyue King Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A settlement now known as Nanwucheng was present in the area by 1100 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some traditional Chinese histories placed Nanwucheng's founding during the reign of <a href="/wiki/King_Nan_of_Zhou" title="King Nan of Zhou">King Nan of Zhou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-anatomy_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anatomy-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acc_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acc-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Zhou_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Zhou emperors">emperor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> from 314 to 256 BC. It was said to have consisted of little more than a stockade of bamboo and mud.<sup id="cite_ref-anatomy_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anatomy-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acc_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acc-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nanyue">Nanyue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nanyue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangzhou, then known as <b>Panyu</b>, was founded on the eastern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> in 214 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ships commanded by <a href="/wiki/Tradesperson" title="Tradesperson">tradespersons</a> arrived on the South China coast in the late <a href="/wiki/Antiquities" title="Antiquities">antiquity</a>. Surviving records from the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> confirm, that the residents of Panyu observed a range of trade missions. Records on foreign trade ships reach upon til the late 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panyu was the seat of <a href="/wiki/Qin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Empire">Qin Empire</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Commandery" title="Nanhai Commandery">Nanhai Commandery</a>, and served as a base for the <a href="/wiki/Qin_conquest_of_Guangdong" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin conquest of Guangdong">first invasion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> lands in southern China. Legendary accounts claimed that the soldiers at Panyu were so vigilant that they did not remove their armor for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Qin">fall of the Qin</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Tuo" title="Zhao Tuo">Zhao Tuo</a> established the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> and made Panyu its capital in 204 BC. It remained independent throughout the <a href="/wiki/Chu-Han_Contention" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu-Han Contention">Chu-Han Contention</a>, although Zhao negotiated recognition of his independence in exchange for his nominal submission to the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> in 196 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological evidence shows that Panyu was an expansive commercial center: in addition to items from central China, archeologists have found remains originating from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, India, and even Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhao Tuo was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mo" title="Zhao Mo">Zhao Mo</a> and then Zhao Yingqi. Upon <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Yingqi" title="Zhao Yingqi">Zhao Yingqi</a>'s death in 115 BC, his younger son <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Xing" title="Zhao Xing">Zhao Xing</a> was named as his successor in violation of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a>. By 113 BC, his <a href="/wiki/Han_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Han people">Chinese</a> mother, the Empress Dowager Jiu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A8%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:樛">樛</a></span></span>) had prevailed upon him to submit Nanyue as a formal part of the Han Empire. The native <a href="/wiki/Grand_councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand councillor">prime minister</a> Lü Jia (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%91%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:呂">呂</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%98%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:嘉">嘉</a></span></span>) launched a coup, killing Han ambassadors along with the king, his mother, and their supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1987453_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1987453-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A successful ambush then annihilated a Han force which had been sent to arrest him. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a> took offense and launched <a href="/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Nanyue_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Han–Nanyue War">a massive riverine and seaborne war</a>: six armies under <a href="/wiki/Lu_Bode" title="Lu Bode">Lu Bode</a> and Yang Pu<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took Panyu and annexed Nanyue by the end of 111 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYü1987453_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYü1987453-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_China">Imperial China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imperial China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_c._1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canton_c._1800.jpg/220px-Canton_c._1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canton_c._1800.jpg/330px-Canton_c._1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Canton_c._1800.jpg/440px-Canton_c._1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Canton in the early 1800s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg/220px-Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg/330px-Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg/440px-Whampoa_Anchorage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Pazhou" title="Pazhou">Pazhou</a> in 1810</figcaption></figure> <p>Incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, Panyu became a provincial capital. In AD 226, it became the seat of Guang <a href="/wiki/Zhou_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou (country subdivision)">Prefecture</a>, which gave it its modern name. The <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Book_of_Tang" title="Old Book of Tang">Old Book of Tang</a></i> described Guangzhou as an important port in southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direct routes connected the Middle East and China, as shown in the records of a Chinese prisoner returning home from Iraq twelve years after his capture at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Talas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations were often strained: while China was undergoing the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a>, Arab and Persian pirates<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sacked the city on 30 October 758<sup id="cite_ref-bret_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bret-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-welsh_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welsh-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-need_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-need-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sima_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sima-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in revenge thousands of Arabs and Persians were killed by Chinese rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_massacre_(760)" title="Yangzhou massacre (760)">Yangzhou massacre (760)</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_massacre" title="Guangzhou massacre">Guangzhou massacre</a> about 200,000 Arab, Persian and other foreigners were killed by Chinese rebel <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> in 878, along with the city's <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frenchy_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frenchy-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kaifung_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaifung-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gibberish_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibberish-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sirafi_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sirafi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guy_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guy-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port was closed for fifty years after its destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amid the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> that followed the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(emperor)" title="Liu Yan (emperor)">Liu Yan</a> used his base at Panyu to establish a "Great Yue" or "<a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a>" empire, which lasted from 917 to 971. The region enjoyed considerable cultural and economic success in this period. From the 10th to 12th century, there are records that the large foreign communities were not exclusively men, but included "<a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> females".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a>, Guangzhou was as large as three Venices in terms of area, and rivaled all of Italy in the amount of crafts produced. He also noted the large amount of ginger available as well as large geese and snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYule2002121_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYule2002121-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou was visited by the <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan people">Moroccan</a> traveler <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> during his journey around the world in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn1986259_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn1986259-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He detailed the process by which the Chinese constructed their large ships in the port's shipyards.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a>'s declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, he reversed his earlier support of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign trade">foreign trade</a> and imposed the first of a series of <a href="/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">sea bans</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">海禁</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn199690_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn199690-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These banned private foreign trade upon penalty of death for the merchant and exile for his family and neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi20103_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi20103-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous maritime intendancies of Guangzhou, <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a> were closed in 1384<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn1996116_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn1996116-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and legal trade became limited to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_tributary_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Chinese tributary system">tribute delegations</a> sent to or by official representatives of foreign governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn199691_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Glahn199691-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">conquest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaka Sultanate">Melaka Sultanate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Perestrello" title="Rafael Perestrello">Rafael Perestrello</a> traveled to Guangzhou as a passenger on a native <a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">junk</a> in 1516.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Knight's''1841135_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Knight's''1841135-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His report induced <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a> to sail to the city with eight ships the next year,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Knight's''1841135_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Knight's''1841135-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but De Andrade's exploration<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xxxiv_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xxxiv-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was understood as spying<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998331_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998331-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his brother Simão and others began attempting to monopolize trade,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998331–332_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998331–332-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enslaving Chinese women<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas200611_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas200611-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and children, engaging in piracy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutra_&_al.1995426_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutra_&_al.1995426-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fortifying the island of <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A3o" title="Tamão">Tamão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998337–338_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998337–338-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xxxvii_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xxxvii-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumors even circulated that Portuguese were eating the children.<sup id="cite_ref-sjay_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjay-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills_&_al.201028_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills_&_al.201028-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guangzhou administration was charged with driving them off:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutra_&_al.1995426_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutra_&_al.1995426-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they bested the Portuguese at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tunmen" title="Battle of Tunmen">Battle of Tunmen</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998339_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998339-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xicaowan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Xicaowan">Xicao Bay</a>; held a <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A9_Pires" title="Tomé Pires">diplomatic mission</a> hostage in a failed attempt to pressure the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_of_Malacca" title="Mahmud Shah of Malacca">sultan of Malacca</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xl,_xliii_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xl,_xliii-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had been accounted <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chinese_tributary_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Chinese tributary system">a Ming vassal</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998340_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998340-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, after placing them in <a href="/wiki/Cangue" title="Cangue">cangues</a> and keeping them for most of a year, ultimately executed 23 by <a href="/wiki/Lingchi" title="Lingchi">lingchi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xliv–v_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECortesao1944xliv–v-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of local pirates,<sup id="cite_ref-sjay_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sjay-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "<a href="/wiki/Folangji" class="mw-redirect" title="Folangji">Folangji</a>" then carried out smuggling at <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Macao">Macao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lampacau" title="Lampacau">Lampacau</a>, and <span class="nowrap">St John's</span> Island (now <a href="/wiki/Shangchuan_Island" title="Shangchuan Island">Shangchuan</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas200611_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas200611-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until <a href="/wiki/Leonel_de_Sousa" title="Leonel de Sousa">Leonel de Sousa</a> legalized their trade with bribes to Admiral Wang Bo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B1%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:汪">汪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:柏">柏</a></span></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Luso-Chinese_agreement_(1554)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)">1554 Luso-Chinese Accord</a>. The Portuguese undertook not to raise fortifications and to pay customs dues;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998343_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998343-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three years later, after providing the Chinese with assistance suppressing their former pirate allies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998343–344_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998343–344-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Portuguese were permitted to warehouse their goods at <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Macau">Macau</a> instead of Guangzhou itself.<sup id="cite_ref-heyporter_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heyporter-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0744-2.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4509" data-file-height="3612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_Nieuhof" title="Johan Nieuhof">Nieuhof</a>'s imaginative 1665 map of "Kanton",<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made from secondhand accounts when Europeans were still forbidden from entering the walled city</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1646, the <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yujian" title="Zhu Yujian">Longwu Emperor</a>'s brother, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yuyue" title="Zhu Yuyue">Zhu Yuyue</a> fled by sea to Guangzhou, the last stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming empire</a>. On December 11, he declared himself the Shaowu Emperor, borrowing his imperial regalia from local theater troupes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985737_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985737-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led a successful offense against his cousin <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youlang" title="Zhu Youlang">Zhu Youlang</a> but was deposed and executed on January 20, 1647, when the Ming turncoat Li Chengdong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:李">李</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:成">成</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A3%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:棟">棟</a></span></span>) sacked the city on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985738_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWakeman1985738-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Qing became somewhat more receptive to foreign trade after gaining control of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a> in 1683.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdue2009_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdue2009-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> from <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Macau">Macau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spaniards</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Philippines">Manila</a> returned, as did private Muslim, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> traders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1699 to 1714, the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Companies</a> sent a ship or two each year;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ostend_Company" title="Ostend Company">Ostend General India Co.</a> arrived in 1717,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButel1997197_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButel1997197-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Co.</a> in 1729,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Norway-Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway-Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Asiatic_Company" title="Danish Asiatic Company">Asiatic Co.</a> in 1731, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_East_India_Company" title="Swedish East India Company">East India Co.</a> the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were joined by the occasional <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trieste_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste Company">Trieste Company</a> vessel. The first independent American ship arrived in 1784, and the first <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Australia">colonial Australian</a> one in 1788.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By that time, Guangzhou was one of the world's greatest ports, organized under the <a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKjellberg197599_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKjellberg197599-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main exports were <a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">tea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_porcelain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese porcelain">porcelain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a meeting place of merchants from all over the world, Guangzhou became a major contributor to the rise of the modern global economy.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Factories" title="Thirteen Factories">Thirteen Factories</a>, which were the only legal place to conduct foreign trade with China from 1757 to 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: xviii">: xviii </span></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, most of the city's buildings were still only one or two stories. However, there were notable exceptions such as the <a href="/wiki/Flower_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower Pagoda">Flower Pagoda</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a>, and the guard tower known as the <a href="/wiki/Zhenhai_Tower_(Guangzhou)" title="Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)">Five-Story Pagoda</a>. The subsequently urbanized northern hills were bare and covered with traditional graves. The brick city walls were about 6 mi (10 km) in circumference, 25 ft (8 m) high, and 20 ft (6 m) wide. Its eight main gates and two water gates all held guards during the day and were closed at night. The wall rose to incorporate a hill on its northern side and was surrounded on the other three by a moat which, along with the canals, functioned as the city's sewer, emptied daily by the river's tides. A partition wall with four gates divided the northern "old town" from the southern "new town" closer to the river; the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Xiguan" title="Xiguan">Xiguan</a> (Saikwan; "West Gate") stretched beyond and the boats of fishers, traders, and <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka</a> ("boat people") almost entirely concealed the riverbank for about 4 mi (6 km). It was common for homes to have a storefront facing the street and to treat their <a href="/wiki/Chinese_courtyard_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese courtyard house">courtyards</a> as a kind of warehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was part of a network of signal towers so effective that messages could be relayed to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>—about 1,200 mi (1,931 km) away—in less than 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKjellberg197595_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKjellberg197595-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_River,_26_May_1841.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg/200px-Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg/300px-Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg/400px-Canton_River%2C_26_May_1841.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2629" data-file-height="1511" /></a><figcaption>Guangzhou ("Canton") and the surrounding islands of <a href="/wiki/Haizhu,_Guangzhou" title="Haizhu, Guangzhou">Henan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pazhou" title="Pazhou">Pazhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changzhou_Island" title="Changzhou Island">Changzhou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xiaoguwei" title="Xiaoguwei">Xiaoguwei</a> in 1841</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_dusk_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4241" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Guangzhou city skyline at dusk in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>The Canton System was maintained until the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> in 1839. Following a series of battles in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(March_1841)" title="Battle of Canton (March 1841)">captured Canton</a> on March 18, 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Bulletins_&c.''1841357_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Bulletins_&c.''1841357-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(May_1841)" title="Battle of Canton (May 1841)">Second Battle of Canton</a> was fought two months later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacPherson1842312_&_315_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacPherson1842312_&_315-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Qing's 1842 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">treaty</a> with <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain</a>, Guangzhou lost its privileged trade status as more and more <a href="/wiki/Treaty_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty port">treaty ports</a> were opened to more and more countries, usually including extraterritorial enclaves. Amid the decline of Qing prestige and the chaos of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Turban_Rebellion_(1854%E2%80%931856)" title="Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)">Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Punti" title="Punti">Punti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> waged <a href="/wiki/Punti-Hakka_Clan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Punti-Hakka Clan Wars">a series of clan wars</a> from 1855 to 1867 in which one million people died. The foreign trade facilities were destroyed by local Chinese in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Arrow War</a> (1856–1858). The international community relocated to the outskirts and most international trade moved through <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concession for the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Hankou_railway" title="Guangzhou–Hankou railway">Guangdong–Hankou Railway</a> was awarded to the <a href="/wiki/American_China_Development_Company" title="American China Development Company">American China Development Co.</a> in 1898. It completed <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Sanshui_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou–Sanshui Railway">its branch line</a> west to <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanshui" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui">Sanshui</a> before being engulfed in a diplomatic crisis after a Belgian consortium bought a controlling interest and the Qing subsequently canceled its concession. <a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a> was awarded millions in damages<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the line to <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a> was not completed until 1936<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the completion of a unified <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing–Guangzhou Railway">Beijing–Guangzhou Railway</a> waited until the completion of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Yangtze_River_Bridge" title="Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge">Yangtze River Bridge</a> in 1957. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_China">Modern China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolutions">Revolutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revolutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the late Qing dynasty, Guangzhou was the site of revolutionary attempts such as the <a href="/wiki/First_Guangzhou_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="First Guangzhou Uprising">Uprisings of 1895</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Guangzhou_Uprising" title="Second Guangzhou Uprising">1911</a> that were the predecessors of the successful <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, which overthrew the Qing dynasty. The 72 revolutionaries whose bodies were found after the latter uprising are honored as the city's 72 <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom_in_Chinese_culture" title="Martyrdom in Chinese culture">Martyrs</a> at the Huanghuagang ("Yellow Flower Mound") Mausoleum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Song_Jiaoren" title="Song Jiaoren">Song Jiaoren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>'s attempts to remove the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Party of China">Nationalist Party of China</a> from power, the leader of Guangdong <a href="/wiki/Hu_Hanmin" title="Hu Hanmin">Hu Hanmin</a> joined the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Second_Revolution_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Revolution (China)">Second Revolution</a> against him<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> after its failure. The city came under national spotlight again in 1917, when Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Duan_Qirui" title="Duan Qirui">Duan Qirui</a>'s abrogation of the constitution triggered the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Protection_Movement" title="Constitutional Protection Movement">Constitutional Protection Movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> came to head the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Protection_Junta" title="Constitutional Protection Junta">Guangzhou Military Government</a> supported by the members of the dissolved parliament and the Southwestern warlords. The Guangzhou government fell apart as the warlords withdrew their support. Sun fled to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai</a> in November 1918 until the Guangdong warlord <a href="/wiki/Chen_Jiongming" title="Chen Jiongming">Chen Jiongming</a> restored him in October 1920 during the <a href="/wiki/Yuegui_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuegui Wars">Yuegui Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck2007_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2007-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 16, 1922, Sun was ousted in a coup and fled on the warship <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Zhongshan" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Zhongshan">Yongfeng</a></i> after Chen sided with the <a href="/wiki/Zhili_Clique" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhili Clique">Zhili Clique</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beijing government</a>. In the following months Sun mounted a counterattack into Guangdong by rallying supporters from Yunnan and Guangxi, and in January established <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_in_Guangzhou" title="Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou">a government</a> in the city for the third time. </p><p>From 1923 to 1926, Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT) <a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_Marshal_stronghold_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Army and Navy Marshal stronghold of the Republic of China">used the city as a base</a> to prosecute a renewed revolution in China by conquering the warlords in the north. Although Sun was previously dependent on opportunistic warlords who hosted him in the city, with the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT developed its own military power to serve its ambition. The Canton years saw the evolution of the KMT into a revolutionary movement with a strong military focus and ideological commitment, setting the tone of the KMT rule of China beyond 1927. </p><p>In 1924, the KMT made the momentous decision to ally with the Communist Party and the USSR. With Soviet help, KMT reorganized itself along the Leninist line and adopted a pro-labor and pro-peasant stance. The <a href="/wiki/First_United_Front" title="First United Front">Kuomintang-CCP cooperation</a> was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/1st_National_Congress_of_Kuomintang" class="mw-redirect" title="1st National Congress of Kuomintang">First Congress of the KMT</a> and the communists were instructed to join the KMT. The allied government set up the <a href="/wiki/Peasant_Movement_Training_Institute" title="Peasant Movement Training Institute">Peasant Movement Training Institute</a> in the city, of which Mao Zedong was a director for one term. Sun and his military commander Chiang used <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">Soviet</a> funds and weapons to build an armed force staffed by communist commissars, training its cadres in the <a href="/wiki/Whampoa_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whampoa Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck2007_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck2007-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, the fledgling army suppressed the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Merchants%27_Corps_Uprising" title="Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising">Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising</a>. The next year the anti-imperialist <a href="/wiki/May_Thirtieth_Movement" title="May Thirtieth Movement">May Thirtieth Movement</a> swept the country, and the KMT government called for strikes in Canton and Hong Kong. The tensions of the massive strikes and protests led to the <a href="/wiki/Shakee_Massacre" title="Shakee Massacre">Shakee Massacre</a>. </p><p>After the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 the mood was changing in the party toward the communists. In August the left-wing KMT leader <a href="/wiki/Liao_Zhongkai" title="Liao Zhongkai">Liao Zhongkai</a> was assassinated and the right-wing leader <a href="/wiki/Hu_Hanmin" title="Hu Hanmin">Hu Hanmin</a>, the suspected mastermind, was exiled to the Soviet Union, leaving the pro-communist <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a> in charge. Opposing communist encroachment, the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Western_Hills_Group" title="Western Hills Group">Western Hills Group</a> vowed to expel the communists from the KMT. The "<a href="/wiki/Canton_Coup" title="Canton Coup">Canton Coup</a>" on March 20, 1926, saw Chiang solidify his control over the <a href="/wiki/KMT" class="mw-redirect" title="KMT">Nationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">their army</a> against <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>, the party's left wing, its <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist</a> allies, and its <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">Soviet</a> advisors.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AhXiang1998_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AhXiang1998-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May, he had ended civilian control of the military<sup id="cite_ref-AhXiang1998_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AhXiang1998-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and begun his <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition_(1926%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Expedition (1926–1927)">Northern Expedition</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlords</a> of the north. Its success led to the split of the KMT between Wuhan and Nanking and the purge of the communists in the <a href="/wiki/April_12_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="April 12 Incident">April 12 Incident</a>. Immediately afterwards Canton joined the purge under the auspice of <a href="/wiki/Li_Jishen" title="Li Jishen">Li Jishen</a>, resulting in the arrest of communists and the suspension of left wing KMT apparatuses and labor groups. Later in 1927 when <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Fakui" title="Zhang Fakui">Zhang Fakui</a>, a general supportive of the Wuhan faction, seized Canton and installed <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>'s faction in the city, the communists saw an opening and launched the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Uprising" title="Guangzhou Uprising">Guangzhou Uprising</a>. Prominent communist military leaders <a href="/wiki/Ye_Ting" title="Ye Ting">Ye Ting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> led the failed defense of the city. Soon, control of the city reverted to <a href="/wiki/Li_Jishen" title="Li Jishen">Li Jishen</a>. </p><p>Li Jishen was deposed during a war between Chiang and the <a href="/wiki/New_Guangxi_Clique" class="mw-redirect" title="New Guangxi Clique">New Guangxi Clique</a>. By 1929, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Jitang" title="Chen Jitang">Chen Jitang</a> had established himself as the powerholder of Guangdong. In 1931 he threw his weight behind the anti-Chiang schism by hosting a separate Nationalist government in Guangzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition to Chiang included KMT leaders like <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Fo" title="Sun Fo">Sun Fo</a> and others from diverse factions. The peace negotiations amid the armed standoff led to the <a href="/wiki/4th_National_Congress_of_Kuomintang" class="mw-redirect" title="4th National Congress of Kuomintang">4th National Congress of Kuomintang</a> being held separately by three factions in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Canton. Resigning all his posts, Chiang pulled off a political compromise that reunited all factions. While the intraparty division was resolved, Chen kept his power until he was defeated by Chiang in 1936. During the <a href="/wiki/WW2" class="mw-redirect" title="WW2">WW2</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Canton_Operation" title="Canton Operation">Canton Operation</a>" subjected the city to <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> occupation by the end of December 1938. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>People's Republic of China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amid the closing months before total Communist victory, Guangzhou briefly served as the capital of the Republican government. Guangzhou was captured on October 14, 1949. Amid a massive exodus to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Macau">Macau</a>, defeated Nationalist forces blew up the <a href="/wiki/Haizhu_Bridge" title="Haizhu Bridge">Haizhu Bridge</a> across the Pearl River in retreat. The Cultural Revolution had a large effect on the city, with many of its temples, churches and other monuments destroyed during this chaotic period. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> initiated building projects including new housing on the banks of the Pearl River to adjust the city's <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">boat people</a> to life on land. Since the 1980s, the city's close proximity to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and its ties to <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> made it one of the first beneficiaries of China's <a href="/wiki/Opening_up_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening up policy">opening up</a> under <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>. Beneficial tax reforms in the 1990s also helped the city's industrialization and economic development. </p><p>The municipality was expanded in the year 2000, with <a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a> joining the city as <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" title="District (China)">urban districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua">Conghua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng">Zengcheng</a> as more rural <a href="/wiki/County_(China)" title="County (China)">counties</a>. The former districts of <a href="/wiki/Dongshan_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongshan District, Guangzhou">Dongshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fangcun_District" title="Fangcun District">Fangcun</a> were abolished in 2005, merged into <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan</a> respectively. The city acquired <a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luogang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luogang District">Luogang</a>. The former was carved out of <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a>, the latter from parts of <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng">Zengcheng</a>, and an exclave within <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> approved a development plan for the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> in January 2009; on March 19 of the same year, the Guangzhou and <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> municipal governments agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Luogang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luogang District">Luogang</a> merged into <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a> and both <a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a> counties were upgraded to districts. </p><p>On 16 June 2022 an <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2022#June_16_(China)" title="Tornadoes of 2022">EF2 tornado struck the city</a>, causing major power outages and knocking out power to the city's subway lines.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output 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img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>History of Guangzhou</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_factories.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Thirteen Factories c. 1805, displaying the flags of Denmark, Spain, the United States, Sweden, Britain, and the Netherlands"><img alt="The Thirteen Factories c. 1805, displaying the flags of Denmark, Spain, the United States, Sweden, Britain, and the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canton_factories.jpg/140px-Canton_factories.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canton_factories.jpg/210px-Canton_factories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canton_factories.jpg/280px-Canton_factories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Factories" title="Thirteen Factories">Thirteen Factories</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1805</span>, displaying the flags of <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Spain</a>, the United States, Sweden, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Flag" title="Prince's Flag">Netherlands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shop_of_Tingqua,_the_painter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 1855 painting of the gallery of Tingqua, one of the most successful suppliers of "export paintings" for Guangzhou's foreign traders"><img alt="An 1855 painting of the gallery of Tingqua, one of the most successful suppliers of "export paintings" for Guangzhou's foreign traders," src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg/140px-Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg/210px-Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg/280px-Shop_of_Tingqua%2C_the_painter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An 1855 painting of the gallery of Tingqua, one of the most successful suppliers of "export paintings" for Guangzhou's foreign traders<br /></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vrooman's 1860 map of the "City and Entire Suburbs of Canton", one of the first made after the treaties of Tianjin and Beijing permitted foreigners full access to Guangzhou's walled city"><img alt="Vrooman's 1860 map of the "City and Entire Suburbs of Canton", one of the first made after the treaties of Tianjin and Beijing permitted foreigners full access to Guangzhou's walled city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Canton1860.jpg/140px-Canton1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Canton1860.jpg/210px-Canton1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Canton1860.jpg/280px-Canton1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11680" data-file-height="6672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Vrooman" title="Daniel Vrooman">Vrooman</a>'s 1860 map of the "City and Entire Suburbs of Canton", one of the first made after the treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tianjin">Tianjin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Peking" title="Convention of Peking">Beijing</a> permitted foreigners full access to Guangzhou's walled city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flowery Pagoda at the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees in 1863"><img alt="An 1855 painting of the gallery of Tingqua, one of the most successful suppliers of "export paintings" for Guangzhou's foreign traders.Common themes included the Thirteen Factories, the Whampoa Anchorage (now Pazhou), and the Sea-Banner Temple (now Hoi Tong Monastery)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg/130px-Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg/195px-Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg/260px-Flower_Pagoda_in_Canton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Flowery_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowery Pagoda">Flowery Pagoda</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a> in 1863</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lai_Afong,_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou,_c1880.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Five-story Pagoda atop Yuexiu Hill c. 1880"><img alt="The Five-story Pagoda atop Yuexiu Hill c. 1880" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/135px-Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/202px-Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/269px-Lai_Afong%2C_Five_Stories_Pagoda_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Five-story_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-story Pagoda">Five-story Pagoda</a> atop <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Hill" title="Yuexiu Hill">Yuexiu Hill</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lai_Afong,_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou,_c1880.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sacred Heart Cathedral towering over the one- and two-story homes of old Guangzhou c. 1880"><img alt="The Sacred Heart Cathedral towering over the one- and two-story homes of old Guangzhou c. 1880" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/132px-Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/198px-Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG/264px-Lai_Afong%2C_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Guangzhou%2C_c1880.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%27s_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou's Sacred Heart Cathedral">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> towering over the one- and two-story homes of old Guangzhou <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1880</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The US Navy's Dept of Navigation's 1920 map of "Canton"[116]"><img alt="The US Navy's Dept of Navigation's 1920 map of "Canton"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg/140px-Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg/210px-Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg/280px-Canton1920_d006_map_of_of_the_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a>'s Dept of Navigation's 1920 map of "Canton"<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whampoa3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek at the opening of the Whampoa Military Academy on 16 June 1924"><img alt="Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek at the opening of the Whampoa Military Academy on 16 June 1924" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg/126px-Whampoa3.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg/188px-Whampoa3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Whampoa3.jpg/251px-Whampoa3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> at the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Whampoa_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whampoa Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a> on 16 June 1924</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bund_Canton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Guangzhou Bund in 1930, with rows of Tanka boats"><img alt="The Guangzhou Bund in 1930, with rows of Tanka boats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Bund_Canton.jpg/140px-The_Bund_Canton.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Bund_Canton.jpg/210px-The_Bund_Canton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Bund_Canton.jpg/280px-The_Bund_Canton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Guangzhou Bund in 1930, with rows of <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka</a> boats</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/140px--1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="140" height="95" data-durationhint="101" data-mwtitle="1937_Canton,_China_VP8.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="712" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="720" data-height="486" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="214" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="356" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm/1937_Canton%2C_China_VP8.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="534" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A short film of Guangzhou in 1937</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The People's Liberation Army entering Guangzhou on 14 October 1949"><img alt="The Guangzhou Bund in 1930, with rows of Tanka boats." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg/131px-PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg/196px-PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg/261px-PLA_Troops_entered_to_Guangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> entering Guangzhou on 14 October 1949</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3789" /></a><figcaption>Map of Guangzhou (labeled as KUANG-CHOU (CANTON) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">廣州</span></span>) and surrounding region (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1954)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiantang_Peak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiantang_Peak.jpg/220px-Tiantang_Peak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiantang_Peak.jpg/330px-Tiantang_Peak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Tiantang_Peak.jpg/440px-Tiantang_Peak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tiantang_Peak" title="Tiantang Peak">Tiantang Peak</a>, highest mountain in Guangzhou</figcaption></figure> <p>The old town of Guangzhou was near <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Guangdong)" title="Baiyun Mountain (Guangdong)">Baiyun Mountain</a> on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> (Zhujiang) about 80 mi (129 km) from its junction with the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> and about 300 mi (483 km) below its <a href="/wiki/Head_of_navigation" title="Head of navigation">head of navigation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It commanded the rich alluvial plain of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, with its connection to the sea protected at the <a href="/wiki/Humen_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Humen Strait">Humen Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present city spans 7,434.4 km<sup>2</sup> (2,870.4 sq mi) on both sides of the river from <span class="nowrap">112° 57′</span> to <span class="nowrap">114° 03′ E</span> longitude and <span class="nowrap">22° 26′</span> to <span class="nowrap">23° 56′ N</span> latitude in south-central Guangdong. The Pearl is the <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of China">4th-largest river</a> of China.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intertidal ecosystems exist on the tidal flat lining the river estuary, however, many of the tidal flats have been reclaimed for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baiyun Mountain is now locally referred to as the city's "lung" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:市">市</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%82%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:肺">肺</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Official_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (July 2016)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The elevation of the prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city and the ocean comprising the front. <a href="/wiki/Tiantang_Peak" title="Tiantang Peak">Tiantang Peak</a> is the highest point of elevation at 1,210 m (3,970 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Guangzhou28" style="width:auto; clear:none; display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Guangzhou28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Guangzhou</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Guangzhou</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 47 different types of minerals and also 820 ore fields in Guangzhou, including 18 large and medium-sized oil deposits. The major minerals are granite, cement limestone, ceramic clay, potassium, albite, salt mine, mirabilite, nepheline, syenite, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and geothermal mineral water. Since Guangzhou is located in the water-rich area of southern China, it has a wide water area with many rivers and water systems, accounting for 10% of the total land area. The rivers and streams improve the landscape and keep the ecological environment of the city stable.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_resources">Water resources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Water resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main characteristics of Guangzhou's water resources are that there are relatively few local water resources and relatively abundant transit water resources. The city's water area is 74,400 hectares, accounting for 10.05% of the city's land area. The main rivers include Beijiang, Dongjiang North Mainstream, Zengjiang, Liuxi River, Baini River, Pearl River Guangzhou Reach, Shiqiao Waterway, and Shawan Waterway. Beijiang, The Dongjiang River flows through Guangzhou City and merges with the Pearl River to flow into the sea. The local average total water resources is 7.979 billion cubic meters, including 7.881 billion cubic meters of surface water and 1.487 billion cubic meters of groundwater. Calculated based on the amount of local water resources and the permanent population counted in the sixth census in 2010, there are 1.0601 million cubic meters of water resources per square kilometer, with an average of 628 cubic meters per capita, which is one-half of the country's per capita water resources. The amount of water resources for transit passengers is 186.024 billion cubic meters, which is 23 times the total local water resources. The passenger water resources are mainly concentrated in the southern Wanghe District and Zengcheng District. The passenger water resources diverted from the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers into Guangzhou City are 159.15 billion cubic meters, and the passenger water resources diverted from the Dongjiang River into the north mainstream of the Dongjiang River are 14.203 billion cubic meters. meters and the water inflow from the upper reaches of the Zengjiang River is 2.828 billion cubic meters. The southern river network area is in the tidal influence area, with large runoff and a strong tidal effect. The three major entrances of the Pearl River, Humen, Jiaomen, and Hongqili, enter the Lingding Ocean and exit the South China Sea in the south of Guangzhou City. The annual high tide volume is 271 billion cubic meters and the annual ebb tide volume is 408.8 billion cubic meters. The annual runoff of the three major entrances is 137.7 billion cubic meters. Compared with meters, the annual tide can bring a large amount of water, part of which is freshwater resources that can be utilized.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biological_Resources">Biological Resources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biological Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultivated crops in Guangzhou have the distinctive characteristics of the transition from the tropics to the subtropics, and it is one of the richest regions in China in terms of fruit tree resources, including three major categories of tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones, 41 families, 82 genera and 174 species, totaling more than 500 varieties (among which there are 55 major varieties of lychee). It is the center of origin and variety of lychee, longan, yellow skin, black (white) olive, and so on. Vegetables are known for their high quality and variety, with 15 major categories, 127 species, and more than 370 varieties. Flowers include fresh cut flowers (fresh cut flowers, fresh cut leaves, fresh cut branches), potted plants (potted flowers, bonsai, flower bed plants), ornamental seedlings, edible and medicinal flowers, industrial and other uses of flowers, lawns, seedlings, etc. More than 3,000 traditional varieties and in recent years the introduction of new varieties, development, and utilization. Grain, cash crops, livestock, poultry, aquatic products, wild animals, and a wide variety of famous and excellent varieties, including Zengcheng Simiao rice is the first protected variety in Guangzhou City to obtain geographical indications.<sup id="cite_ref-gov.cn_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.cn-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mineral_Resources">Mineral Resources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mineral Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The geological structure of Guangzhou City is quite complex, with good conditions for mineralization. Forty-seven kinds of minerals (including subspecies) have been discovered, with 820 mineral sites and 25 large and medium-sized mining areas. The main minerals are granite for construction, limestone for cement, ceramic clay, potassium, sodium feldspar, salt mines, manganese, nepheline orthoclase, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and thermal mineral water. Energy minerals and non-ferrous minerals in the area are in short supply, sporadically distributed, small in scale, and unstable in grade.<sup id="cite_ref-gov.cn_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.cn-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> , </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being located just south of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>, Guangzhou has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwa</i>) influenced by the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_monsoon" title="East Asian monsoon">East Asian monsoon</a>. Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity, and a high <a href="/wiki/Heat_index" title="Heat index">heat index</a>. Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) in January to 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 22.4 °C (72.3 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Official_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> is approximately 76 percent, whereas <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">annual rainfall</a> in the metropolitan area is over 1,950 mm (77 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Official_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 17 percent in March to 51 percent in October, the city receives 1,559 hours of bright sunshine annually, considerably less than nearby <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen#Climate" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Extreme temperatures since 1951 have ranged from 0 °C (32 °F) on 11 February 1957 and 23 December 1999<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) on 1 July 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though an unofficial record low of −5.0 °C (23.0 °F), in which modern meteorologists believe it to be −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) was recorded on 18 January 1893 and for the station that begun records in 1912 located in Huangpu District, an unofficial record low of −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) was recorded on 8 December 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last recorded snowfall in the city was on January 24, 2016, 87 years after the second last recorded snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Guangzhou (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1934–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.0<br />(3.98) </td> <td style="background: #00D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.8<br />(7.63) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">329.0<br />(12.95) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">364.9<br />(14.37) </td> <td style="background: #009400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">242.6<br />(9.55) </td> <td style="background: #006B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">270.3<br />(10.64) </td> <td style="background: #00C500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">203.2<br />(8.00) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.3<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(1.47) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(1.31) </td> <td style="background: #08FF08; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,950.1<br />(76.77) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.4 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">145.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B3B373; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.9 </td> <td style="background: #9B9B9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5 </td> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.6 </td> <td style="background: #828282; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.2 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.7 </td> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.7 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,559 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center <sup id="cite_ref-IBST_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hong Kong Observatory<sup id="cite_ref-HKO_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKO-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangzhou" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou">List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou</a></div> <p>Guangzhou is a <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial city</a>. It has direct jurisdiction over eleven <a href="/wiki/District_(China)" title="District (China)">districts</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="position: relative" class="left"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png/450px-Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="629" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png/675px-Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png/900px-Administrative_Division_Guangzhou_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2740" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:87px; top:379px"><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District"><b>Liwan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:352px"><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District"><b>Yuexiu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:132px; top:376px"><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District"><b>Haizhu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:153px; top:340px"><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District"><b>Tianhe</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:138px; top:281.8px"><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou"><b>Baiyun</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:316px"><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou"><b>Huangpu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:162px; top:425.2px"><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District"><b>Panyu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:226px"><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District"><b>Huadu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:502px"><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou"><b>Nansha</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:145.6px"><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District"><b>Conghua</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:256px"><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District"><b>Zengcheng</b></a></div> </div></div> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">Administrative divisions of Guangzhou </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division<br />code</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(km<sup>2</sup>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Postal<br />code </th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Subdivisions<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Subdistrict_(China)" title="Subdistrict (China)">Subdistricts</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Town_(China)" title="Town (China)">Towns</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential<br />communities</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages of the People's Republic of China">Administrative<br />villages</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <td>440100</td> <td>Guangzhou</td> <td>7,434.40</td> <td>18,734,100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a></td> <td>510000</td> <td>136</td> <td>34</td> <td>1533</td> <td>1142 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440103</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan</a></td> <td>59.10</td> <td>1,123,700</td> <td>Shiweitang Subdistrict</td> <td>510000</td> <td>22</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>195</td> <td style="background:gray;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>440104</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a></td> <td>33.80</td> <td>1,028,500</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Beijing Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Beijing Subdistrict</a></td> <td>510000</td> <td>18</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>267</td> <td style="background:gray;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>440105</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu</a></td> <td>90.40</td> <td>1,798,300</td> <td>Jianghai Subdistrict</td> <td>510000</td> <td>18</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>257</td> <td style="background:gray;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>440106</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe</a></td> <td>96.33</td> <td>2,221,700</td> <td>Tianyuan Subdistrict</td> <td>510000</td> <td>21</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td> <td>205</td> <td style="background:gray;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td>440111</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a></td> <td>795.79</td> <td>3,637,000</td> <td>Jingtai Subdistrict</td> <td>510000</td> <td>18</td> <td>4</td> <td>253</td> <td>118 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440112</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a></td> <td>484.17</td> <td>1,191,800</td> <td>Luogang Subdistrict</td> <td>510500</td> <td>14</td> <td>1</td> <td>90</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440113</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></td> <td>529.94</td> <td>2,807,400</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiqiao_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Shiqiao Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Shiqiao Subdistrict</a></td> <td>511400</td> <td>11</td> <td>5</td> <td>87</td> <td>177 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440114</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></td> <td>970.04</td> <td>1,706,200</td> <td>Huacheng Subdistrict</td> <td>510800</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>50</td> <td>188 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440115</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></td> <td>783.86</td> <td>929,400</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangge" title="Huangge">Huangge</a> Town</td> <td>511400</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>28</td> <td>128 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440117</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua</a></td> <td>1,974.50</td> <td>739,700</td> <td>Jiekou Subdistrict</td> <td>510900</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>46</td> <td>221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>440118</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a></td> <td>1,616.47</td> <td>1,550,400</td> <td>Licheng Subdistrict</td> <td>511300</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>55</td> <td>282 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin</th> <th>Guangdong<br />Romanization</th> <th>Kejiahua<br />Pinyin Fang'an </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">荔湾区</span></span></td> <td>Lìwān Qū</td> <td>lei6 wan1 kêu1</td> <td>lai4 van1 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">越秀区</span></span></td> <td>Yuèxiù Qū</td> <td>yud6 seo3 kêu1</td> <td>yet6 siu4 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">海珠区</span></span></td> <td>Hǎizhū Qū</td> <td>hoi2 ju1 kêu1</td> <td>hoi2 zu1 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">天河区</span></span></td> <td>Tiānhé Qū</td> <td>tin6 ho4 kêu1</td> <td>tien1 ho2 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">白云区</span></span></td> <td>Báiyún Qū</td> <td>bak6 wan4 kêu1</td> <td>pak6 yun2 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄埔区</span></span></td> <td>Huángpǔ Qū</td> <td>wong4 bou3 kêu1</td> <td>vong2 bu4 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">番禺区</span></span></td> <td>Pānyú Qū</td> <td>pun1 yu4 kêu1</td> <td>pan1 ngi2 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">花都区</span></span></td> <td>Huādū Qū</td> <td>fa1 dou1 kêu1</td> <td>fa1 du1 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">南沙区</span></span></td> <td>Nánshā Qū</td> <td>nam4 sa1 kêu1</td> <td>nam2/lam2 sa1 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">从化区</span></span></td> <td>Cónghuà Qū</td> <td>cung4 fa3 kêu1</td> <td>vung2 fa3 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">增城区</span></span></td> <td>Zēngchéng Qū</td> <td>zeng1 xing4 kêu1</td> <td>zen1 sang2 ki1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Guangzhou City</th> <th><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">广州市</span></span></th> <th>Guǎngzhōu Shì</th> <th>guong2 zeo1 xi5</th> <th>kong3 ziu1 si4 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="Guangzhou_International_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangzhou is the main manufacturing hub of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>'s leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2021, its GDP reached ¥2,823 billion (US$444.37 billion in nominal), making it the 2nd largest economy in the <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South-Central China</a> region after <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou's <a href="/wiki/GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (nominal)">GDP (nominal)</a> was $444.37 billion in 2021, exceeding that <sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou's per capita was ¥151,162 ($23,794 in nominal).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is considered one of the most prosperous cities in China. Guangzhou ranks 10th in the world and 5th in China (after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen) in terms of the number of billionaires according to the Hurun Global Rich List 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou is projected to be among the world top 10 largest cities in terms of <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> in 2035 (together with <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> in China) according to a study by Oxford Economics,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its nominal GDP per capita will reach above $42,000 in 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou also ranks 21st globally (between Washington, D.C., and Amsterdam) and 8th in the whole <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> region (behind Shanghai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, Shenzhen and Dubai) in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centers Index</a> (GFCI).<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to rapid industrialization, it was once also considered a rather polluted city. After green urban planning was implemented, it is now one of the most livable cities in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zhujiang_New_Town">Zhujiang New Town</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Zhujiang New Town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zhujiang_New_Town" title="Zhujiang New Town">Zhujiang New Town</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> of Guangzhou in the 21st century. It covers 6.44 km<sup>2</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe District</a>. Multiple financial institutions are headquartered in this area. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02540-Guangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhujiang New Town"><img alt="Zhujiang New Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/02540-Guangzhou.jpg/270px-02540-Guangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/02540-Guangzhou.jpg/405px-02540-Guangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/02540-Guangzhou.jpg/539px-02540-Guangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zhujiang New Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town"><img alt="Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg/270px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg/405px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg/540px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town"><img alt="Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg/135px-Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg/202px-Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg/270px-Zhujiang_New_Town_at_night_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skyscrapers in Zhujiang New Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haixin Bridge and Canton Tower near Zhujiang New Town"><img alt="Haixin Bridge and Canton Tower near Zhujiang New Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg/270px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg/405px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg/540px-Hai_Xin_Bridge_of_Guangzhou_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haixin Bridge and <a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a> near Zhujiang New Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhujiang New Town at night"><img alt="Zhujiang New Town at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg/240px-Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg/360px-Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg/480px-Zhujiang_New_Town_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zhujiang New Town at night</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canton_Fair">Canton Fair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Canton Fair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a>, formally the "China Import and Export Fair", is held every year in April and October by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Trade (China)">Ministry of Trade</a>. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the fair is a major event for the city. It is the <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a> with the longest history, highest level, and largest scale in China.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 104th session onwards, the fair moved to the new <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center">Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:广州">广州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:国际">国际</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B1%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:会展">会展</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:中心">中心</a></span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Pazhou" title="Pazhou">Pazhou</a>, from the older complex in Liuhua. The GICEC is served by two stations on <a href="/wiki/Line_8_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)">Line 8</a>, one station on <a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)">Line 11</a> and three stations on <a href="/wiki/Haizhu_Tram" title="Haizhu Tram">Tram Line THZ1</a>. Since the 104th session, the Canton Fair has been arranged in three phases instead of two phases. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1957_Canton_Fair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first Canton Fair (1957) at the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building"><img alt="The first Canton Fair (1957) at the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1957_Canton_Fair.jpg/198px-1957_Canton_Fair.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1957_Canton_Fair.jpg/297px-1957_Canton_Fair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1957_Canton_Fair.jpg/396px-1957_Canton_Fair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a> (1957) at the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Sino</a>-<a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">Soviet</a> Friendship Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_Fair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former Canton Fair site at Yuexiu's Liuhua Complex"><img alt="The former Canton Fair site at Yuexiu's Liuhua Complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Canton_Fair.jpg/271px-Canton_Fair.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Canton_Fair.jpg/407px-Canton_Fair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Canton_Fair.jpg/542px-Canton_Fair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former Canton Fair site at <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a>'s Liuhua Complex</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Zone_B,_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The new Canton Fair Complex"><img alt="The new Canton Fair Complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/270px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/405px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg/540px-Aerial_View%2C_Zone_B%2C_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230701-C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The new <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair_Complex" title="Canton Fair Complex">Canton Fair Complex</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the Canton Fair Complex"><img alt="Interior of the Canton Fair Complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg/270px-Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg/405px-Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg/540px-Zone_D_of_Canton_Fair_Complex_20230103_Part_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair_Complex" title="Canton Fair Complex">Canton Fair Complex</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_products">Local products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Local products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Guangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Guangzhou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a> is one of China's most famous and popular <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">regional cuisines</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Chengyu" title="Chengyu">saying</a> stating simply to "Eat in Guangzhou" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:食">食</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:在">在</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:廣州">廣州</a></span></span>).</li> <li>Cantonese <a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculpture in China">sculpture</a> includes work in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_jade" title="Chinese jade">jade</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Indochina_and_the_Far_East" title="History of wood carving">wood</a>, and (<a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_ivory" title="Destruction of ivory">controversially</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">ivory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_porcelain" title="Canton porcelain">Canton porcelain</a> developed over the past three centuries as one of the major forms of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_export_porcelain" title="Chinese export porcelain">exportware</a>. It is now known within China for its highly colorful style.</li> <li>Cantonese <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_embroidery" title="Chinese embroidery">china's four main styles</a> of the embroidery.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhujiang_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhujiang Beer">Zhujiang Beer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lager</a>, is one of China's most successful brands.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_(41255545421).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Automobile manufacturer GAC Group headquartered in Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg/220px-GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg/330px-GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg/440px-GAC_cars_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2841255545421%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/GAC_Group" title="GAC Group">GAC Group</a> headquartered in Guangzhou</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GAC_Group" title="GAC Group">GAC Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zone" title="Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone">Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone</a></li> <li>Guangzhou Nansha Export Processing Zone <dl><dd>The Export Processing Zone was founded in 2005. Its total planned area is 1.36 km<sup>2</sup> (0.53 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-rightsite1_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rightsite1-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in Nansha District and it belongs to the provincial capital, Guangzhou. The major industries encouraged in the zone include automobile assembly, biotechnology and heavy industry. It is situated 54 km (34 mi) (a 70 minutes drive) south of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and close to Nansha Port. It also has the advantage of Guangzhou Metro line 4 which is being extended to Nansha Ferry Terminal.</dd></dl></li> <li>Guangzhou Free Trade Zone <dl><dd>The zone was founded in 1992. It is located in the east of <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu District</a> and near to Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It is also very close to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major industries encouraged in the zone include international trade, logistics, processing and computer software. Recently the Area has been rebranded and is now being marketed under the name Huangpu District. Next to the industries above, new sectors are being introduced to the business environment, including new energy, AI, new mobility, new materials, information and communication technology and new transport. It is also home to the Guangzhou IP Court.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Science_City" title="Guangzhou Science City">Guangzhou Science City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_Environment">Business Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Business Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangzhou is a hub for international businesses. According to an article by China Briefing, over 30,000 foreign-invested companies had settled in Guangzhou by 2018, including 297 Fortune Global 500 companies with projects and 120 Fortune Global 500 companies with headquarters or regional headquarters in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,567,645</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,683,104</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,185,363</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,018,638</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,942,534</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,943,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002<sup id="cite_ref-1990ppl_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990ppl-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,106,229</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2005<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2012_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2012-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,496,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2012_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2012-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,966,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2007<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2012_150-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2012-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10,530,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2008<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2012_150-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2012-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,153,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2009<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2012_150-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2012-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,869,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census_148-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,701,948</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011<sup id="cite_ref-statyb2012_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statyb2012-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,751,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012<sup id="cite_ref-statyb2012_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statyb2012-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,832,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013<sup id="cite_ref-statyb2012_151-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statyb2012-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,926,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2014<sup id="cite_ref-statyb2012_151-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statyb2012-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,080,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,904,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><small>Population size may be affected by changes to administrative divisions.</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2010_PRC_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 PRC census">2010 census</a> found Guangzhou's population to be 12.78 million. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was estimated at 13,080,500,<sup id="cite_ref-gzdaily2014_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzdaily2014-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statyb2012_151-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statyb2012-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 11,264,800 urban residents.<sup id="cite_ref-gzannals2014_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gzannals2014-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> is thus around 1,800 people per km<sup>2</sup>. The built-up area of the Guangzhou proper connects directly to several other cities. The built-up area of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a> covers around 17,573 km<sup>2</sup> (6,785 sq mi) and has been estimated to house 22 million people, including Guangzhou's nine urban districts, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> (5.36m), <a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a> (3.22m), <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> (3.12m), most of <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> (2.2m), <a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> (1.82m), <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> (890k), and <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Huiyang_District" title="Huiyang District">Huiyang District</a> (760k).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The total population of this agglomeration is over 28 million after including the population of the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The area's fast-growing economy and high demand for labor has produced a huge "floating population" of <a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrant workers">migrant workers</a>; thus, up to 10 million migrants reside in the area least six months each year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2008, about five million of Guangzhou's permanent residents were <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">hukouless</a> migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-cri_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cri-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_language">Ethnicity and language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethnicity and language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of Guangzhou's population is <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. Almost all <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a> speak <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> as their first language,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while most migrants speak <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin dialects">forms of Mandarin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cri_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cri-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, each language was the native tongue of roughly half of the city's population,<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although minor but substantial numbers speak <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">other varieties</a> as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2018, He Huifeng of the <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i> stated that younger residents have increasingly favored using Mandarin instead of Cantonese in their daily lives, causing their Cantonese-speaking grandparents and parents to use Mandarin to communicate with them. He Huifeng stated that factors included local authorities discouraging the use of Cantonese in schools and the rise in prestige of Mandarin-speaking Shenzhen.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan University released a survey result of the Guangzhou youths born in the year 2000 or after that were part of this educational study showed that 69% could still speak and understand Cantonese, 20% can understand Cantonese, but unable to speak it, and 11% completely had no knowledge of Cantonese. Jinan University's study of these Guangzhou youths also indicated when it came to the daily recreational use of Cantonese, roughly 40%-50% of them participated in these recreational functions with the usage of Cantonese with 51.4% of them in mobile games, 47% in Social Platforms, 44.1% in TV shows, and 39.8% in Books and Newspapers. Despite some decline in the use of Cantonese, it is faring better in survival, popularity, and prestige than other Chinese languages due to the historical pride in the language and culture, as well as the wide popularity and availability of mainstream Cantonese entertainment, which encourages locals to retain the Cantonese language.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2020s, additional renewed efforts were introduced to preserve the local Cantonese language and culture with some limited Cantonese language classes now being taught in some schools as well as hosting Cantonese appreciation cultural events along with hosting activities that cater to the local Cantonese culture and language as well as many local Cantonese speaking families are now placing much stronger emphasis on their children to speak Cantonese to preserve the culture and language. In a 2018 report study by Shan Yunming and Li Sheng, the report showed that 90% of people living in Guangzhou are bilingual in both Cantonese and Mandarin, though fluency will vary depending on if they are locally born to the city and the surrounding Guangdong province or migrants from other provinces, which shows how much importance the Cantonese language still has in the city despite the strict policy rules from the government to be using Mandarin as the country's official language.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guangzhou has an even more unbalanced gender ratio than the rest of the country. While most areas of China have 112–120 boys per 100 girls, the Guangdong province that houses Guangzhou has more than 130 boys for every 100 girls.<sup id="cite_ref-worldpopulationreview1_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldpopulationreview1-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guangzhou also possesses a large resident population who are <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a>. There are seven administrative districts in Guangzhou with a considerable <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> population: <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng,_Guangzhou" title="Zengcheng, Guangzhou">Zengcheng District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huadu,_Guangzhou" title="Huadu, Guangzhou">Huadu District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conghua,_Guangzhou" title="Conghua, Guangzhou">Conghua District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baiyun,_Guangzhou" title="Baiyun, Guangzhou">Baiyun District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianhe,_Guangzhou" title="Tianhe, Guangzhou">Tianhe District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu,_Guangzhou" title="Yuexiu, Guangzhou">Yuexiu District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panyu,_Guangzhou" title="Panyu, Guangzhou">Panyu District</a>. It is estimated that in Zengcheng district and Huadu district of Guangzhou, Hakka speakers account for about 40 percent and a third of the district's population.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent years have seen a huge influx of migrants, with up to 30 million additional migrants living in the Guangzhou area for at least six months out of every year with the majority being female migrants and many becoming local Guangzhou people. This huge influx of people from other areas, called the floating population, is due to the city's fast-growing economy and high labor demands. Guangzhou Mayor Wan Qingliang told an urban planning seminar that Guangzhou is facing a very serious population problem stating that, while the city had 10.33 million registered residents at the time with targets and scales of land use based on this number, the city actually had a population with migrants of nearly 15 million. According to the Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences researcher Peng Peng, the city is almost at its maximum capacity of just 15 million, which means the city is facing a great strain, mostly due to a high population of unregistered people.<sup id="cite_ref-worldpopulationreview1_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldpopulationreview1-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2000 National Census, marriage is one of the top two reasons for permanent migration and is particularly important for women as 29.3% of the permanent female migrants migrate for marriage [Liang et al., 2004]. Many of the female economic migrants marry men from Guangzhou in hopes of a better life.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but like elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">household registration system</a> (<i>hukou</i>) limits migrants' access to residences, educational institutions and other public benefits. It has been noted that many women end up in prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, legally employed migrants in Guangzhou were permitted to receive a <i>hukou</i> card allowing them to marry and <a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">obtain permission for their pregnancies</a> in the city, rather than having to return to their official hometowns as previously.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTHukou_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTHukou-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the Cantonese people have made up a sizable part of the 19th- and 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Chinese_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese diaspora">Chinese diaspora</a>; in fact, many <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> have ties to Guangzhou. This is particularly true in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lai_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lai-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Canada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australians" title="Chinese Australians">Australia</a>. </p><p>Demographically, the only significant immigration into China has been by <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>, but Guangzhou sees many foreign tourists, workers, and residents from the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China#People_from_other_immigration_jurisdictions" title="Demographics of China">usual locations</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_China" title="Americans in China">United States</a>. Notably, it is also home to thousands of <a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">African immigrants</a>, including people from <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The encompassing <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> was estimated by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) to have, as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a population of 25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2015_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2015-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_Guangzhou">Development of Guangzhou</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Development of Guangzhou"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gong et al. 2018 report on the development of Guangzhou from 1990 until 2020, showing how in 1990, the developed residential districts were almost exclusively concentrated in a small part of western Guangzhou whereas other parts of Guangzhou had a smaller limited amount of developed residential communities being overwhelmingly surrounded by agricultural and forest lands. However, from 2005 until 2020, other parts of the city eventually began to develop more so residential communities and in the 2020 map report, it showed fully developed residential communities going from west to east of the city whereas the very southern part and large portions of northern Guangzhou still remain mainly agricultural and forest lands with very limited developed residential communities.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_mass_transit">Urban mass transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Urban mass transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_Metro_L6_Stock_For_Xunfenggang_Station_20201209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the first line of the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a> opened in 1997, Guangzhou was the fourth city in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> to have an underground railway system, behind <a href="/wiki/Beijing_subway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing subway">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Metro" title="Tianjin Metro">Tianjin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai</a>. Currently the metro network is made up of sixteen lines, covering a total length of 652.81 km (405.64 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A long-term plan is to make the city's metro system expand to over 500 km (310 mi) by 2020 with 15 lines in operation. In addition to the metro system there is also the <a href="/wiki/Haizhu_Tram" title="Haizhu Tram">Haizhu Tram</a> line which opened on December 31, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-trials_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trials-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit">Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit</a> (GBRT) system which was introduced in 2010 along <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongshan Road">Zhongshan Road</a>. It has several connections to the metro and is the world's 2nd-largest <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system with 1,000,000 passenger trips daily.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It handles 26,900 <a href="/wiki/Passengers_per_hour_per_direction" title="Passengers per hour per direction">pphpd</a> during the peak hour a capacity second only to the <a href="/wiki/TransMilenio" title="TransMilenio">TransMilenio</a> BRT system in Bogota.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system averages one bus every 10 seconds or 350 per hour in a single direction and contains the world's longest BRT stations—around 260 m (850 ft) including bridges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_transport">Motor transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Motor transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Guangzhou" title="List of bus routes in Guangzhou">List of bus routes in Guangzhou</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Buses in Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_BRT_Corridor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Buses in Guangzhou</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, the city already had over 600 long, straight streets; these were mostly paved but still very narrow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1919, work began on demolishing the city wall to make way for wider streets and the development of tramways. The demolition took three years in total.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, it was reported that all 9,424 buses and 17,695 taxis in Guangzhou would be operating on <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a>-fuel by 2010 to promote clean energy for transport and improve the environment ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010 Asian Games</a> which were held in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, Guangzhou is the city that uses the most LPG-fueled vehicles in the world, and at the end of 2006, 6,500 buses and 16,000 taxis were using LPG, taking up 85 percent of all buses and taxis<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg/220px-Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg/330px-Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg/440px-Yellow_taxi_of_Guangzhou_-_GAC_Aion_S.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6334" data-file-height="3841" /></a><figcaption>A GAC Aion S yellow taxi of Guangzhou</figcaption></figure> <p>Effective January 1, 2007, the municipal government banned motorcycles in Guangdong's urban areas. Motorcycles found violating the ban are confiscated.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guangzhou traffic bureau claimed to have reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Baiyun International Airport Terminal 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_T2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun International Airport">Baiyun International Airport</a> Terminal 2</figcaption></figure> <p>Guangzhou's main airport is the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Baiyun International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun District</a>; it opened on August 5, 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This airport is the second busiest airport in terms of traffic movements in China. It replaced the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_(former)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former)">old Baiyun International Airport</a>, which was very close to the city center but failed to meet the city's rapidly growing air traffic demand. The old Baiyun International Airport was in operation for 72 years. Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport now has three runways, with two more planned.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terminal 2 opened on April 26, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another airport located in Zengcheng District is under planning.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guangzhou is also served by <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a>; ticketed passengers can take ferries from the Lianhuashan Ferry Terminal and <a href="/wiki/Nansha_Ferry_Port" title="Nansha Ferry Port">Nansha Ferry Port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha District</a> to the HKIA <a href="/wiki/Skypier" title="Skypier">Skypier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also coach bus services connecting Guangzhou with HKIA.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_railway_station" title="Guangzhou railway station">Guangzhou railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_East_railway_station" title="Guangzhou East railway station">Guangzhou East railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_South_railway_station" title="Guangzhou South railway station">Guangzhou South railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_North_railway_station" title="Guangzhou North railway station">Guangzhou North railway station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_railway_station" title="Guangzhou Baiyun railway station">Guangzhou Baiyun railway station</a></div> <p>Guangzhou is the terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Guangzhou_railway" title="Beijing–Guangzhou railway">Beijing–Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Shenzhen_railway" title="Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway">Guangzhou–Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Maoming_railway" title="Guangzhou–Maoming railway">Guangzhou–Maoming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Meizhou%E2%80%93Shantou_railway" title="Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway">Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou</a> conventional speed railways. In late 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Wuhan%E2%80%93Guangzhou_high-speed_railway" title="Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway">Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway</a> started service, with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">multiple unit</a> trains covering 980 km (608.94 mi) at a top speed of 320 km/h (199 mph). In December 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Guiyang%E2%80%93Guangzhou_high-speed_railway" title="Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway">Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway</a> and Nanning-Guangzhou railway began service with trains running at top speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph) and 200 km/h (124 mph), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-SMD20141226_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMD20141226-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Kowloon_through_train" title="Guangzhou–Kowloon through train">Guangdong Through Train</a> departs from the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_East_railway_station" title="Guangzhou East railway station">Guangzhou East railway station</a> and arrives at the <a href="/wiki/Hung_Hom_station" title="Hung Hom station">Hung Hom station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a>, Hong Kong. The route is approximately 182 km (113 mi) in length and the ride takes less than two hours. Frequent coach services are also provided with coaches departing every day from different locations (mostly major hotels) around the city. A number of <a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">regional railways</a> radiating from Guangzhou started operating such as the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Zhuhai_intercity_railway" title="Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway">Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing_intercity_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing intercity railway">Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing intercity railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Water transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are daily high-speed <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> services between Nansha Ferry Terminal and Lianhua Shan Ferry Terminal in Guangzhou and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_China_Ferry_Terminal" title="Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal">Hong Kong China Ferry Terminal</a>, as well as between Nansha Ferry Terminal and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Ferry_Terminal" title="Hong Kong–Macau Ferry Terminal">Macau Ferry Pier</a> in Hong Kong. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Transport in Guangzhou</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panyu Square station of the Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Panyu Square station of the Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg/270px-Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg/405px-Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg/540px-Panyu_Square_Station_Line_18_%26_Line_22_Concourse_20210928_Part_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4564" data-file-height="3042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panyu_Square_station" title="Panyu Square station">Panyu Square station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A1_Train_(1x27-28)_and_B5_Train_(07x011-012)_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base,_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trains used by the Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Trains used by the Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg/270px-A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg/405px-A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg/540px-A1_Train_%281x27-28%29_and_B5_Train_%2807x011-012%29_at_Guangzhou_CRRC_Base%2C_Guangzhou_Metro_20230626.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5206" data-file-height="3471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trains used by the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="GBRT station"><img alt="GBRT station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg/267px-GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg/400px-GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg/533px-GBRT_Gangding_Station_at_night_20131025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_BRT" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou BRT">GBRT</a> station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District"><img alt="Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/270px-Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/405px-Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/540px-Skystage_of_Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Baiyun International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu District</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CRH380A-0259@GZN_(20180923094804).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CRH380A at Guangzhou South Railway Station"><img alt="CRH380A at Guangzhou South Railway Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg/270px-CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg/405px-CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg/540px-CRH380A-0259%40GZN_%2820180923094804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4465" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/CRH380A" class="mw-redirect" title="CRH380A">CRH380A</a> at <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou South Railway Station">Guangzhou South Railway Station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou Tram"><img alt="Guangzhou Tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg/270px-Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg/405px-Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg/540px-Guangzhou_Huangpu_Tram_Line_1_Train_102_20210127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Tram" title="Guangzhou Tram">Guangzhou Tram</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Opera_House(Near).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG/220px-Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG/330px-Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG/440px-Guangzhou_Opera_House%28Near%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Guangzhou Opera House</figcaption></figure> <p>Guangzhou's culture is mainly <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_culture" title="Cantonese culture">Cantonese culture</a>, which is a subset of the larger "<a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Southern</a>" or the "<a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan</a>" culture, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hakka_culture" title="Hakka culture">Hakka culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable aspects of <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_culture" title="Cantonese culture">Cantonese cultural</a> heritage include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese language</a>, the local and <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">prestige variant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a>, one of China's eight major culinary traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a>, usually divided into martial and literary performances.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan" title="Xiguan">Xiguan</a> (Saikwan), the area west of the former walled city.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Opera_House" title="Guangzhou Opera House">Guangzhou Opera House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a> also perform classical Western music and Chinese compositions in their style. <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Cantonese music</a> is a traditional style of Chinese instrumental music, while <a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a> is the local form of <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock-and-roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock-and-roll">rock-and-roll</a> which developed from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a> are the shared culture of the whole <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> region, not just the important cultural components of Guangzhou city. With a population of diverse background, the culture of Guangzhou also includes other categories, such as <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> culture and language. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> inhabited areas of Guangzhou, Hakka culture has been well developed and preserved, and in the long history, the integration of Canton culture and Hakka culture has derived new cultural characteristics. <a href="/wiki/Zengcheng,_Guangzhou" title="Zengcheng, Guangzhou">Zengcheng, Guangzhou</a> is a district with a history of more than 1800 years, with the harmonious coexistence of Canton culture and Hakka culture, the derived food culture has not only the non-heritage food such as Zhengguo Wonton, Lanxi Rice Noodle, and Goose Soup, but also the special food such as Yuecun Dace Fish Skin, Paitan Roasted Chicken, and Shitan Whole Cattle Banquet.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the postmodern era, Guangzhou had about 124 religious pavilions, halls, and temples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Buddhist Association">Buddhist Association</a>, Guangzhou also has a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taoist_Association" title="Chinese Taoist Association">Taoist Association</a>, a Jewish community,<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a history with Christianity, reintroduced to China by colonial powers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taoism">Taoism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Taoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> are still represented at a few of the city's temples. Among the most important is the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Five_Immortals_(Guangzhou)" title="Temple of the Five Immortals (Guangzhou)">Temple of the Five Immortals</a>, dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Five Immortals</a> credited with introducing rice cultivation at the foundation of the city. The five rams they rode were supposed to have turned into stones upon their departure and gave the city several of its nicknames.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the temple has not been restored as a Taoist temple status yet. Other famous temples include the <a href="/wiki/List_of_City_God_Temples_in_China" title="List of City God Temples in China">City God Temple of Guangzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_Palace" title="Sanyuan Palace">Sanyuan Palace</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, all Taoist temples and shrines were practically destroyed or damaged by the red guards. Only a handful of them like Sanyuan Palace were restored during the 1980s. Guangzhou, like most of southern China, is also notably observant and continues the practice of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_veneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral veneration">Chinese ancestral worship</a> during major festive occasions like the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Sweeping_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb Sweeping Festival">Qing Ming Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Yuan_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhong Yuan Festival">Zhong Yuan Festival</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhism</a> is the most prominent religion in Guangzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zhizhi Temple was founded in AD 233 from the estate of a <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a> official; it is said to comprise the residence of <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Jiande" title="Zhao Jiande">Zhao Jiande</a>, the last of the <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Nanyue" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Nanyue">kings</a>, and has been known as the <a href="/wiki/Guangxiao_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)">Guangxiao Temple</a> ("Temple of Bright Filial Piety") since the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_missionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist missionary">Buddhist missionary monk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a> is traditionally said to have visited Panyu during the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song</a> or <a href="/wiki/Liang_dynasty" title="Liang dynasty">Liang dynasty</a> (5th or 6th century). Around AD 520, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Liang" title="Emperor Wu of Liang">Emperor Wu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Liang_dynasty" title="Liang dynasty">Liang</a> ordered the construction of the Baozhuangyan Temple and the Xilai Monastery to store the relics of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodian</a> <a href="/wiki/Arahant" class="mw-redirect" title="Arahant">Buddhist saints</a> which had been brought to the city and to house the monks beginning to assemble there. The Baozhuangyan is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a>, after a famous poem composed by <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> after a visit during the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Xilai Monastery was renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Hualin_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Hualin Temple (Guangzhou)">Hualin Temple</a> ("Flowery Forest Temple") after its reconstruction during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. </p><p>The temples were badly damaged by both the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republican</a> campaign to "Promote Education with Temple Property" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:廟">廟</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:產">產</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:興">興</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a></span></span>) and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>'s Cultural Revolution but have been renovated since the <a href="/wiki/Opening_up_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening up policy">opening up</a> that began in the 1980s. The Ocean Banner Temple on <a href="/wiki/Henan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan Island">Henan Island</a>, once famous in the west as the only tourist spot in Guangzhou accessible to foreigners, has been reopened as the <a href="/wiki/Hoi_Tong_Monastery" title="Hoi Tong Monastery">Hoi Tong Monastery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nestorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian">Nestorian</a> Christians <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">first arrived in China</a> via the overland <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, but suffered during <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wuzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Wuzong of Tang">Emperor Wuzong</a>'s 845 <a href="/wiki/Great_Anti-Buddhist_Persecution" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution">persecution</a> and were essentially extinct by the year 1000.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="No mention of Nestorianism in Guangzhou (October 2019)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>-era ban on foreigners limited <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">missionaries</a> until it <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">was abolished</a> following the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_(missionary)" title="Robert Morrison (missionary)">Robert Morrison</a> was able to perform some work through his service with the British factory. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Guangzhou" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guangzhou">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guangzhou</a> is housed at <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%27s_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou's Sacred Heart Cathedral">Guangzhou's Sacred Heart Cathedral</a>, known locally as the "Stone House". A <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> edifice which was built by hand from 1861 to 1888 under <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French</a> direction, its original Latin and French <a href="/wiki/Stained-glass_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained-glass window">stained-glass windows</a> were destroyed during the wars and amid the Cultural Revolution; they have since been replaced by English ones. The Canton Christian College (1888) and Hackett Medical College for Women (1902) were both founded by missionaries, they were known in Chinese as <a href="/wiki/Lingnan_University_(Guangzhou)" title="Lingnan University (Guangzhou)">Lingnan University</a> and later incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a>. Since the opening up of China in the 1980s, there has been renewed interest in Christianity, but Guangzhou maintains pressure on underground churches which avoid registration with government officials.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Catholic archbishop <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tang" title="Dominic Tang">Dominic Tang</a> was imprisoned without trial for 22 years; however, his present successor is recognized by both the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Patriotic_Catholic_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association">Patriotic Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guangzhou has had ties with the Islamic world since the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lipman29_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lipman29-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations were often strained: Arab and Persian pirates sacked the city on October 30, 758; the port was subsequently closed for fifty years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bret_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bret-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-welsh_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welsh-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-need_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-need-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sima_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sima-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their presence <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_massacre" title="Guangzhou massacre">came to an end</a> under the revenge of Chinese rebel <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> in 878, along with that of the <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in China">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians in China">Christians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-frenchy_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frenchy-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kaifung_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaifung-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gibberish_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibberish-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sirafi_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sirafi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guy_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guy-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays, the city is home to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">halal restaurants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Religious sites in Guangzhou</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou's Temple of the Five Immortals"><img alt="Guangzhou's Temple of the Five Immortals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg/300px-WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg/451px-WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg/600px-WuXianGuan-rams-0484.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%27s_Temple_of_the_Five_Immortals" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou's Temple of the Five Immortals">Guangzhou's Temple of the Five Immortals</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu,_Canton_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hall of the 500 Arhats at the Flowery Forest Temple (Hualin) in the 1870s"><img alt="The Hall of the 500 Arhats at the Flowery Forest Temple (Hualin) in the 1870s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg/270px-John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg/406px-John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg/540px-John_Thomson_-_Wah_Lum_Chu%2C_Canton_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3816" data-file-height="3180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="nowrap">The Hall of the 500 Arhats</span> at the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hualin_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Hualin Temple (Guangzhou)">Flowery Forest Temple</a></span> (Hualin) in the 1870s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 221.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Temple of Bright Filial Piety"><img alt="The Temple of Bright Filial Piety" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg/332px-The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg/498px-The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg/663px-The_Mahavira_Palace_of_Guangxiaosi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="nowrap">The <a href="/wiki/Guangxiao_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)">Temple of Bright Filial Piety</a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou's City God Temple"><img alt="Guangzhou's City God Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg/338px-Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg/507px-Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg/675px-Guangzhou_Chenghuang_Miao_2014.01.24_16-47-58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guangzhou's <a href="/wiki/City_God_(China)" title="City God (China)">City God Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The sacred pigs of the Ocean Banner Temple (Hoi Tong) in the 1830s"><img alt="The sacred pigs of the Ocean Banner Temple (Hoi Tong) in the 1830s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png/343px-The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png" decoding="async" width="229" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png/515px-The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png/686px-The_Sea-screen_Temple_at_Honam_Canton.png 2x" data-file-width="2402" data-file-height="1576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The sacred pigs of the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Banner_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean Banner Temple">Ocean Banner Temple</a> (<span class="nowrap">Hoi Tong)</span> in the 1830s</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flower Pagoda at the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees (Liurong)"><img alt="The Flower Pagoda at the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees (Liurong)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG/200px-Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG/300px-Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG/400px-Canton_pagoda_de_las_flores.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="nowrap">The <a href="/wiki/Flower_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower Pagoda">Flower Pagoda</a></span> at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a> (Liurong)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Thousand Buddha Tower at the present-day Hoi Tong Monastery"><img alt="The Thousand Buddha Tower at the present-day Hoi Tong Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG/225px-Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG/337px-Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG/450px-Hoi_Tong_Monastery_Pagoda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Thousand Buddha Tower at the present-day <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoi_Tong_Monastery" title="Hoi Tong Monastery">Hoi Tong Monastery</a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral"><img alt="Sacred Heart Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg/200px-Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg/400px-Guangzhou_Shishi_Shengxin_Dajiaotang_2012.11.15_10-46-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3081" data-file-height="4622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%27s_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou's Sacred Heart Cathedral">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tianhe Church, built in 2017"><img alt="Tianhe Church, built in 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg/169px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg/254px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg/338px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%B2%B3%E5%A0%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Church" title="Tianhe Church">Tianhe Church</a>, built in 2017</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Central_Stadium,_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg/220px-Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg/330px-Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg/440px-Aerial_View%2C_Central_Stadium%2C_Guangdong_Olympic_Sports_Center_20230604-A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3862" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Olympic_Stadium" title="Guangdong Olympic Stadium">Guangdong Olympic Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 11,468 seat <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Gymnasium" title="Guangzhou Gymnasium">Guangzhou Gymnasium</a> was a <a href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup</a> venue.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From November 12 to 27, 2010, Guangzhou hosted the <a href="/wiki/16th_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Asian Games">16th Asian Games</a>. The same year, it hosted the <a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Para_Games" title="2010 Asian Para Games">first Asian Para Games</a> from December 12 to 19. Combined, these were the major sporting events the city ever hosted.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg/220px-Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg/330px-Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg/440px-Aerial_View%2C_Tianhe_Stadium_20230520-B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Stadium" title="Tianhe Stadium">Tianhe Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guangzhou also hosted the following major sporting events: </p> <ul><li>1987 The 6th <a href="/wiki/National_Games_of_China" title="National Games of China">National Games of China</a></li> <li>1991 The <a href="/wiki/1991_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="1991 FIFA Women's World Cup">1st FIFA Women's World Cup</a></li> <li>2001 The <a href="/wiki/2001_National_Games_of_China" title="2001 National Games of China">2001 National Games of China</a></li> <li>2007 The 8th <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Traditional_Games_of_Ethnic_Minorities_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People's Republic of China (page does not exist)">National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People's Republic of China</a> <span class="noprint metadata ill"><small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10872050" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q10872050">Wikidata</a>]</small></span></li> <li>2008 The <a href="/wiki/2008_World_Team_Table_Tennis_Championships" title="2008 World Team Table Tennis Championships">49th World Table Tennis Championships</a></li> <li>2009 The <a href="/wiki/2009_Sudirman_Cup" title="2009 Sudirman Cup">11th Sudirman Cup</a>: the world badminton mixed team championships</li></ul> <p>Current professional sports clubs based in Guangzhou include: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sports </th> <th>League </th> <th>Tier </th> <th>Club </th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_League_One" title="China League One">China League One</a> </td> <td align="center">2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_F.C." title="Guangzhou F.C.">Guangzhou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huadu_Stadium" title="Huadu Stadium">Huadu Stadium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a>)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overwatch_League" title="Overwatch League">Overwatch League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Charge" title="Guangzhou Charge">Guangzhou Charge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Loong_Lions" title="Guangzhou Loong Lions">Guangzhou Loong Lions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Gymnasium" title="Tianhe Gymnasium">Tianhe Gymnasium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Baseball_League" title="China Baseball League">China Baseball League</a> </td> <td align="center">1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Leopards" title="Guangdong Leopards">Guangdong Leopards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Stadium" title="Tianhe Stadium">Tianhe Sports Center baseball field</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg/220px-Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg/330px-Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg/440px-Aerial_View%2C_Guangzhou_Baoneng_Qoros_Arena_20230604.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Sports_Arena" title="Guangzhou International Sports Arena">Guangzhou Baoneng Qoros Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_F.C." title="Guangzhou F.C.">Guangzhou</a> became a Chinese soccer powerhouse, having won eight <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_football_champions" title="List of Chinese football champions">national titles</a> between 2011 and 2019. The team has also won the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="AFC Champions League">AFC Champions League</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_AFC_Champions_League" title="2013 AFC Champions League">2013</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_AFC_Champions_League" title="2015 AFC Champions League">2015</a>. The club has competed at the <a href="/wiki/2013_FIFA_Club_World_Cup" title="2013 FIFA Club World Cup">2013</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Club_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Club World Cup">2015 FIFA Club World Cup</a>, where it lost 3–0 in the semifinal stage to the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_UEFA_Champions_League" title="2012–13 UEFA Champions League">2012–13 UEFA Champions League</a> winners <a href="/wiki/FC_Bayern_Munich" title="FC Bayern Munich">FC Bayern Munich</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_UEFA_Champions_League" title="2014–15 UEFA Champions League">2014–15 UEFA Champions League</a> winners <a href="/wiki/FC_Barcelona" title="FC Barcelona">FC Barcelona</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restaurants">Restaurants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Restaurants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s the local press prolifically published reviews of restaurants in Guangzhou. The local newspapers introduced <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(social_sciences)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (social sciences)">lifestyle</a> pages and relied on <a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">infotainment</a> to raise revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destinations">Destinations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Destinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eight_Views">Eight Views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Eight Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Eight_Views" title="Eight Views">Eight Views</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eight_Views_of_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Views of Guangzhou">Eight Views of Guangzhou</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg/170px-Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg/255px-Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg/340px-Canton_Tower_2017-10-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eight_Views_of_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Views of Guangzhou">Eight Views of Ram City</a> are Guangzhou's eight most famous tourist attractions. They have varied over time since the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, with some being named or demoted by emperors. The following modern list was chosen through public appraisal in 2011:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li>"Towers Shining through the <a href="/wiki/Zhujiang_New_Town" title="Zhujiang New Town">New Town</a>"</li> <li>"The Pearl River Flowing and Shining": The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bai%27etan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bai'etan (page does not exist)">Bai'etan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pazhou" title="Pazhou">Pazhou</a></li> <li>"Cloudy Mountain Green and Tidy": <a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_Scenic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area">Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area</a></li> <li>"Yuexiu's Grandeur": <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Hill" title="Yuexiu Hill">Yuexiu Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu Park">Park</a></li> <li>"The Ancient Academy's Lingering Fame": The <a href="/wiki/Chen_Clan_Ancestral_Hall" title="Chen Clan Ancestral Hall">Chen Clan Ancestral Hall</a> and its folk art museum</li> <li>"Liwan's Wonderful Scenery": Liwan Lake</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Science_City" title="Guangzhou Science City">Science City</a>, Splendid as Brocade"</li> <li>"Wetlands Singing at Night": <a href="/wiki/Nansha_Wetlands_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha Wetlands Park">Nansha Wetlands Park</a></li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg/220px-Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg/330px-Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg/440px-Bombax_ceiba_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Bombax_ceiba" title="Bombax ceiba">Bombax ceiba</a></i>, Guangzhou's <a href="/wiki/Official_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Official flower">official flower</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Guangdong)" title="Baiyun Mountain (Guangdong)">Baiyun Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_Wetland_Park" title="Nansha Wetland Park">Nansha Wetland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Guangzhou)" title="People's Park (Guangzhou)">People's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="South China Botanical Garden">South China Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu Park">Yuexiu Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Tree_Park" title="Guangdong Tree Park">Guangdong Tree Park</a></li> <li>Dongshanhu Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">东山湖公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">東山湖公園</span>)</li> <li>Liuhuahu Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">流花湖公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">流花湖公園</span>)</li> <li>Liwanhu Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">荔湾湖公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">荔灣湖公園</span>)</li> <li>Luhu Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">麓湖公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">麓湖公園</span>)</li> <li>Martyrs' Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">广州起义烈士陵园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">廣州起義烈士陵園</span>)</li> <li>Pearl River Park (<span lang="zh-Hans">珠江公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">珠江公園</span>)</li> <li>Yuntai Garden (<span lang="zh-Hans">云台花园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">雲臺花園</span>)</li> <li>Shimen National Forest Park(<span lang="zh-Hans">石门国家森林公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">石門國家森林公園</span>)</li> <li>Haizhu Lake Park(<span lang="zh-Hans">海珠湖公园</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">海珠湖公園</span>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourist_attractions">Tourist attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Tourist attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg/220px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg/330px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg/440px-Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_Guangzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_(Guangzhou)" title="Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)">Sun Yat sen Memorial Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guangzhou attracts more than 223 million visitors each year, and the total revenue of the tourism exceeded 400 billion in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many tourist attractions, including: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 36em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Clan_Ancestral_Hall" title="Chen Clan Ancestral Hall">Chen Clan Ancestral Hall</a>, housing Guangzhou's folk art museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime-Long_Paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Chime-Long Paradise">Chime-Long Paradise</a></li> <li>Chime-Long Waterpark (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">长隆水上乐园</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">長隆水上樂園</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Provincial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Provincial Museum">Guangdong Provincial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Zoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Zoo (page does not exist)">Guangzhou Zoo</a> <span class="noprint metadata ill"><small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11062008" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11062008">Wikidata</a>]</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Park_(Guangdong)" title="Mulberry Park (Guangdong)">Mulberry Park</a>, public center which demonstrates mulberry growing and silk making</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Mausoleum_of_the_Nanyue_King" title="Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King">Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Movement_Training_Institute_at_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Movement Training Institute at Guangzhou">Peasant Movement Training Institute</a>, an important Maoist site</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_of_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> (Stone House)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxiao_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)">Temple of Bright Filial Piety</a> (Guangxiao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a> (Liurong), site of the Flowery Pagoda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_Palace" title="Sanyuan Palace">Sanyuan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian</a> or Shameen Island, the old trading compound</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_(Guangzhou)" title="Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall</a>, site of Guangzhou's former presidential palace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan" title="Xiguan">Xiguan</a> (Saikwan), the western suburbs of the old city</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pedestrian_streets">Pedestrian streets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Pedestrian streets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In every district there are many shopping areas where people can walk on the sidewalks; however most of them are not set as pedestrian streets. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg/220px-Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg/330px-Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg/440px-Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shangxiajiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangxiajiu">Shangxiajiu</a> Pedestrian Street</figcaption></figure> <p>The popular pedestrian streets are: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li>Beijing Road pedestrian street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangxiajiu_Pedestrian_Street" title="Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street">Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huacheng_Square" title="Huacheng Square">Huacheng Square</a> (Flower City Square)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malls_and_shopping_centers">Malls and shopping centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Malls and shopping centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many malls and shopping centers in Guangzhou. The majority of the new malls are located in the Tianhe district. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View,_Parc_Central,_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Par Central" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg/220px-Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg/330px-Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg/440px-Aerial_View%2C_Parc_Central%2C_Guangzhou_20230520-A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3982" data-file-height="2655" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Parc Central Mall</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li>101 Dynamics</li> <li>China Plaza</li> <li>Liwan Plaza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teem_Plaza" title="Teem Plaza">Teem Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Plaza" title="Victory Plaza">Victory Plaza</a></li> <li>Wanguo Plaza</li> <li>Grandview Mall (<a href="/wiki/Grandview_Mall_Aquarium" title="Grandview Mall Aquarium">Grandview Mall Aquarium</a>)</li> <li>Wanda square</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley_(Guangzhou)" title="Happy Valley (Guangzhou)">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikoo_Hui_Guangzhou" title="Taikoo Hui Guangzhou">TaiKoo Hui</a></li> <li>Parc Central</li> <li>OneLinkWalk</li> <li>Rock Square</li> <li>Aeon Mall</li> <li>GT Land Plaza</li> <li>IFC Plaza</li> <li>IGC Mall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huacheng_Square" title="Huacheng Square">Mall of the World</a></li> <li>K11</li> <li>Fashion Tianhe</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_buildings">Major buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Major buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Guangzhou" title="List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou">List of tallest buildings in Guangzhou</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_buildings_in_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic buildings in Guangzhou">List of historic buildings in Guangzhou</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Plaza" title="CITIC Plaza">CITIC Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Circle" title="Guangzhou Circle">Guangzhou Circle</a> Mansion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Olympic_Stadium" title="Guangdong Olympic Stadium">Guangdong Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Opera_House" title="Guangzhou Opera House">Guangzhou Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_TV_Tower" title="Guangzhou TV Tower">Guangzhou TV Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Tower" title="Pearl River Tower">Pearl River Tower</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Twin_Towers" title="Guangzhou Twin Towers">Twin Towers</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Finance_Center" title="Guangzhou International Finance Center">Guangzhou International Finance Center</a> (West)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_East_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou East Tower">CTF Guangzhou</a> (East)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canton Custom House (est. 1916), one of the oldest surviving in China"><img alt="Canton Custom House (est. 1916), one of the oldest surviving in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg/112px-Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg/169px-Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_custom_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Canton Custom House <small>(est. 1916)</small>, one of the oldest surviving in China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aiqun Hotel, Guangzhou's tallest building from 1937 to 1967"><img alt="Aiqun Hotel, Guangzhou's tallest building from 1937 to 1967" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG/112px-Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG/169px-Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG/225px-Ai_Qun_Hotel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aiqun_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Aiqun Hotel">Aiqun Hotel</a>, Guangzhou's tallest building from 1937 to 1967</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel on Shamian"><img alt="Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel on Shamian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg/150px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg/225px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg/300px-Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel on <a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dabenying_(Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Canton Cement Factory (est. 1907), which housed Sun Yat-sen from 1923 to 1925"><img alt="The Canton Cement Factory (est. 1907), which housed Sun Yat-sen from 1923 to 1925" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/150px-Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/225px-Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg/300px-Dabenying_%28Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Canton Cement Factory <small>(est. 1907)</small>, which housed <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> from 1923 to 1925</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The old provincial capitol, now the Museum of Revolutionary History"><img alt="The old provincial capitol, now the Museum of Revolutionary History" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_Guangdong_Ziyi_Ju_Jiuzhi_2014.01.24_15-05-46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The old provincial capitol, now the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Museum_of_Revolutionary_History" title="Guangdong Museum of Revolutionary History">Museum of Revolutionary History</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou's CBD, including the IFC (left) and CTF (right)"><img alt="Guangzhou's CBD, including the IFC (left) and CTF (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg/150px-Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg/225px-Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg/300px-Guangzhou_twin_towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guangzhou's <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">CBD</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Finance_Center" title="Guangzhou International Finance Center">IFC</a> (<i>left</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_CTF_Finance_Centre" title="Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre">CTF</a> (<i>right</i>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Guangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Guangzhou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Guangzhou has two local radio stations: the provincial <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a> and the municipal Radio Guangzhou. Together they broadcast in more than a dozen channels. The primary language of both stations is <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>. Traditionally only one channel of Radio Guangdong is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin Chinese</a>. However, in recent years there has been an increase in Mandarin programs on most Cantonese channels. Radio stations from cities around Guangzhou mainly broadcast in Cantonese and can be received in different parts of the city, depending on the radio stations' locations and transmission power. The Beijing-based <a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a> also broadcasts Mandarin programs in the city. Radio Guangdong has a 30-minute weekly English programs, <i>Guangdong Today</i>, which is broadcast globally through the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">World Radio Network</a>. Daily English news programs are also broadcast by Radio Guangdong. </p><p>Guangzhou has some of the most notable Chinese-language newspapers and magazines in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, most of which are published by three major newspaper groups in the city, the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Daily" title="Guangzhou Daily">Guangzhou Daily</a> Press Group, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Daily">Nanfang Press Corporation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yangcheng_Evening_News" title="Yangcheng Evening News">Yangcheng Evening News</a> Group. The two leading newspapers of the city are <i><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Daily" title="Guangzhou Daily">Guangzhou Daily</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Metropolis_Daily" title="Southern Metropolis Daily">Southern Metropolis Daily</a></i>. The former, with a circulation of 1.8 million, has been China's most successful newspaper for 14 years in terms of advertising revenue, while <i>Southern Metropolis Daily</i> is considered one of the most liberal newspapers in mainland China. In addition to Guangzhou's Chinese-language publications, there are a few English magazines and newspapers. The most successful is <i>That's Guangzhou</i>, which started more than a decade ago and has since blossomed into <i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_PRD" class="mw-redirect" title="That's PRD">That's PRD</a></i>, producing expatriate magazines in Beijing and Shanghai as well. It also produces <i>In the Red</i>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Guangzhou_Higher_Education_Mega_Center"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_South_Campus,_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_South_Campus%2C_Sun_Yat-sen_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%A5%BC%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_China_Agricultural_University" title="South China Agricultural University">South China Agricultural University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_Library_2013.11.15_18-30-36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Guangzhou Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Higher_Education_Mega_Center" title="Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center">Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center</a>, also known as Guangzhou University Town (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:广州">广州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:大学">大学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a></span></span>), is a large tertiary education complex located in the southeast suburbs of Guangzhou. It occupies the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Xiaoguwei" title="Xiaoguwei">Xiaoguwei</a> Island in <a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu District</a>, covering an area of about 18 km<sup>2</sup> (7 sq mi). The complex accommodates campuses from ten higher education institutions and can eventually accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers, and 50,000 staff.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of June 2023, Guangzhou hosts 84 institutions of higher education (excluding adult colleges), ranking 2nd nationwide after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and 1st in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-:29_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:29-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has many <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">highly ranked educational institutions</a>, with seven universities listed in 147 <a href="/wiki/National_Key_Universities" title="National Key Universities">National Key Universities</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>, ranking fourth nationwide (after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>). Guangzhou is also an important hub for international students and it was ranked 110th globally by the QS Best Student Cities Rankings in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guangzhou is a major Asia-Pacific R&D hub, ranking <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">8th</a> globally, 4th in the Asia & Oceania regions after (<a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>) and 1st in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center's higher education campuses are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Guangdong Pharmaceutical University">Guangdong Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Foreign_Studies" title="Guangdong University of Foreign Studies">Guangdong University of Foreign Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Technology" title="Guangdong University of Technology">Guangdong University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts">Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University" title="Guangzhou University">Guangzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine">Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Normal_University" title="South China Normal University">South China Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghai_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Xinghai Conservatory of Music">Xinghai Conservatory of Music</a></li></ul> <p>Guangzhou's other fully accredited and degree-granting <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">universities and colleges</a> include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology">Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li>Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Finance_%26_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong University of Finance & Economics">Guangdong University of Finance & Economics</a></li> <li>Guangdong University of Finance</li> <li>Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Medical_University" title="Guangzhou Medical University">Guangzhou Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Sports_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Sports University">Guangzhou Sports University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology_(Guangzhou)" title="Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)">Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_University" title="Jinan University">Jinan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Agricultural_University" title="South China Agricultural University">South China Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Medical_University" title="Southern Medical University">Southern Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongkai_University_of_Agriculture_and_Engineering" title="Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering">Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering</a></li></ul> <p>The two main comprehensive libraries are Guangzhou Library and Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province. <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Library" title="Guangzhou Library">Guangzhou Library</a> is a public library in Guangzhou. The library has moved to a new building in <a href="/wiki/Zhujiang_New_Town" title="Zhujiang New Town">Zhujiang New Town</a>, which fully opened on June 23, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province has the largest collection of ancient books in Southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_High_School" title="Guangzhou High School">Guangzhou High School</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choh_Hao_Li" title="Choh Hao Li">Choh Hao Li</a> (1913–1987), American biochemist, expert on hormones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhi_Cong_Li" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhi Cong Li">Zhi Cong Li</a> (born 1993), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Xiao_Ping" title="Liang Xiao Ping">Xiao Ping Liang</a> (born 1959), internationally exhibited calligrapher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuang_Sunmou" title="Kuang Sunmou">Kuang Sunmou</a> (1863–1929), railway engineer, businessman, and bureaucrat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_Yeung" title="Bolo Yeung">Bolo Yeung</a> (born July 3, 1946), Hong Kong martial artist, competitive bodybuilder, and film actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Yuwu" title="Qi Yuwu">Qi Yuwu</a> (born November 28, 1976), actor based in Singapore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Yen" title="Donnie Yen">Donnie Yen</a> (born 27 July 1963), Hong Kong martial artist, action director and choreographer, and film director and actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China#G" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates_General/consulates"><span id="Consulates_General.2Fconsulates"></span>Consulates General/consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Consulates General/consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">List of diplomatic missions in China</a></div><p>As of April 2023, Guangzhou hosts 68 foreign consulates-general/consulates, excluding the Hong Kong and Macao trade office, making it one of the major cities to host more than 50 foreign representatives in China after <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_China_Trade" title="Old China Trade">Old China Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_largest_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest cities">World's largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezitli_Producer_Women%27s_Market#Guangzhou_Innovation_Award" title="Mezitli Producer Women's Market">Mezitli Producer Women's Market#Guangzhou Innovation Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Guangzhou_bombing" title="2021 Guangzhou bombing">2021 Guangzhou bombing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">gwang-<span style="font-size:90%">JOH</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GWAHNG</span>-</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">广州</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngzhōu</span></i></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Cantonese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ̂u]</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">or</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ́u]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1a\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus\/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Yue-gwong2zau1.opus"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus/Yue-gwong2zau1.opus.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus" title="File:Yue-gwong2zau1.opus">ⓘ</a></sup></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The other seven are the cuisines of <a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beautyfujian_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beautyfujian-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-guangzhoustatarea-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guangzhoustatarea_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323054815/http://www.blayney.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/329/3h%20-%20Hobbys%20Yards%20Heritage%20Items.pdf.aspx"><bdi lang="zh">土地面积、人口密度（2008年）</bdi></a>. Statistics Bureau of Guangzhou. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.gzstats.gov.cn/gzStat1/yearqueryAction.do?method=displayRpt&ACTFLAG=3&FID=21901&RPTID=TJ_RPT_984248444736412557&RPTNAME=%CD%C1%B5%D8%C3%E6%BB%FD%BA%CD%C8%CB%BF%DA%C3%DC%B6%C8&FLTITLE=%B9%E3%D6%DD%CD%B3%BC%C6%D7%CA%C1%CF%282008%C4%EA%29">the original</a> on March 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%EF%BC%882008%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau+of+Guangzhou&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.gzstats.gov.cn%2FgzStat1%2FyearqueryAction.do%3Fmethod%3DdisplayRpt%26ACTFLAG%3D3%26FID%3D21901%26RPTID%3DTJ_RPT_984248444736412557%26RPTNAME%3D%25CD%25C1%25B5%25D8%25C3%25E6%25BB%25FD%25BA%25CD%25C8%25CB%25BF%25DA%25C3%25DC%25B6%25C8%26FLTITLE%3D%25B9%25E3%25D6%25DD%25CD%25B3%25BC%25C6%25D7%25CA%25C1%25CF%25282008%25C4%25EA%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/">"China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties)"</a>. <i>City Population</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629091716/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=US+News+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings+in+Guangzhou&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Fsearch%3Fcity%3Dguangzhou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/epaper/nfrb/content/20081011/ArticelA11003FM.htm"><bdi lang="zh">番禺求证</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E7%95%AA%E7%A6%BA%E6%B1%82%E8%AF%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nanfangdaily.com.cn%2Fepaper%2Fnfrb%2Fcontent%2F20081011%2FArticelA11003FM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuc._720" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jian_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Xu Jian (Tang dynasty)">Xu, Jian</a> (c. 720). <bdi lang="zh">初學記</bdi> [<i>Chuxueji, Records for Initial Studies</i>] (in Traditional Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%88%9D%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%98&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"> <bdi lang="zh">中国古今地名大词典</bdi>. 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Routledge. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138821309" title="Special:BookSources/9781138821309"><bdi>9781138821309</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Islamic+History&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781138821309&rft.aulast=Sluglett&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Currie%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bret-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bret_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bret_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBretschneider1871" class="citation cs2">Bretschneider, E. 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(1922), <i>Voyage du Marchand Arabe Sulaymân en Inde et en Chine, Rédigé en 851, suivi de Remarques par Abû Zayd Hasan</i> (in French), p. 76</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyage+du+Marchand+Arabe+Sulaym%C3%A2n+en+Inde+et+en+Chine%2C+R%C3%A9dig%C3%A9+en+851%2C+suivi+de+Remarques+par+Ab%C3%BB+Zayd+Hasan&rft.pages=76&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaifung-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaifung_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaifung_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028113532/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/judaism/kaifung.html">"Kaifung Jews"</a>, <i>Overview of World Religions</i>, University of Cumbria, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/judaism/kaifung.html">the original</a> on October 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kaifung+Jews&rft.btitle=Overview+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=University+of+Cumbria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphiltar.ucsm.ac.uk%2Fencyclopedia%2Fjudaism%2Fkaifung.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibberish-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gibberish_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibberish_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبوزيد حسن السيرافي ،"رحلة السيرافي"،المجمع الثقافي، أبو ظبي، عام 1999م</span></span> (Abu Zayd Husayn al-Sirafi, <i>Rihlat al-Sirafi</i>, al-Mujamma' al-thaqafi, Abu Dhabi, 1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sirafi-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sirafi_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sirafi_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Zayd_as-Sirafi" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abu Zayd as-Sirafi, <bdi lang="ar">رحلة السيرافي</bdi> [<i>The Journey of As-Sirafi</i>] (in Arabic)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A&rft.au=Abu+Zayd+as-Sirafi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guy-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guy_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guy_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy1986" class="citation cs2">Guy, John (1986), <i>Oriental Trade Ceramics in South-East Asia, Ninth to Sixteenth Centuries: With a Catalogue of Chinese, Vietnamese and Thai Wares in Australian Collections</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 7, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195825930" title="Special:BookSources/9780195825930"><bdi>9780195825930</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oriental+Trade+Ceramics+in+South-East+Asia%2C+Ninth+to+Sixteenth+Centuries%3A+With+a+Catalogue+of+Chinese%2C+Vietnamese+and+Thai+Wares+in+Australian+Collections&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780195825930&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library), </i>No. 2<i><span></span></i>. 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href="#CITEREFWakeman1985">Wakeman (1985)</a>, p. 738.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdue2009-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdue2009_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerdue2009">Perdue (2009)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunn2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidE10tnvapZt0CpgPA208_208]_95-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunn2011">Gunn (2011)</a>, p. <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gig.gdas.ac.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gig.gdas.ac.cn%2Fkxcb%2Fdlzs%2Ft18988.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gz.gov.cn/zt/fxbxaqdx/gg/content/post_9778105.html">"38.2℃！广州气温创今年新高"</a>. <i>广州市人民政府</i>. July 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.atitle=38.2%E2%84%83%EF%BC%81%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%A9%E5%88%9B%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E9%AB%98&rft.date=2024-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gz.gov.cn%2Fzt%2Ffxbxaqdx%2Fgg%2Fcontent%2Fpost_9778105.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mherrera-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805">"中国各地城市的历史最低气温"</a>. <i>weibo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915082858/https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weibo.com&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2Fttarticle%2Fp%2Fshow%3Fid%3D2309404203050792315805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1981" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, P (September 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.weather.gov.hk/tc/publica/tnl/files/tnl022.pdf">"ROYAL OBSERVATORY, HONG KONG TECHNICAL NOTE (LOCAL) NO. 22 EXTREME TEMPERATURES IN HONG KONG"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hong Kong Observatory</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft.atitle=ROYAL+OBSERVATORY%2C+HONG+KONG+TECHNICAL+NOTE+%28LOCAL%29+NO.+22+EXTREME+TEMPERATURES+IN+HONG+KONG&rft.date=1981-09&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.weather.gov.hk%2Ftc%2Fpublica%2Ftnl%2Ffiles%2Ftnl022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.southcn.com/g/2016-01/24/content_141390169.htm"><bdi lang="zh">广州全城多处降雪广州塔顶现厚厚积雪</bdi></a>. southcn.com. January 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125090429/http://news.southcn.com/g/2016-01/24/content_141390169.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%85%A8%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%84%E9%99%8D%E9%9B%AA+%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%A1%94%E9%A1%B6%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9A%E5%8E%9A%E7%A7%AF%E9%9B%AA&rft.date=2016-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.southcn.com%2Fg%2F2016-01%2F24%2Fcontent_141390169.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBST-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBST_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010)</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Data Service Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%281981-2010%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Data+Service+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+CMA%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%281991-2020%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971－2000年)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3">the original</a> on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%281971%EF%BC%8D2000%E5%B9%B4%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKO-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKO_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.weather.gov.hk/tc/publica/tnl/files/tnl022.pdf">"ROYAL OBSERVATORY, HONG KONG TECHNICAL NOTE (LOCAL) NO. 22 EXTREME TEMPERATURES IN HONG KONG"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ROYAL+OBSERVATORY%2C+HONG+KONG+TECHNICAL+NOTE+%28LOCAL%29+NO.+22+EXTREME+TEMPERATURES+IN+HONG+KONG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.weather.gov.hk%2Ftc%2Fpublica%2Ftnl%2Ffiles%2Ftnl022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuangzhou_Bureau_of_Statistics_(广州市统计局)2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guangzhou Bureau of Statistics (广州市统计局) (September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240326182150/http://tjj.gz.gov.cn/attachment/7/7513/7513176/9343675.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">《广州统计年鉴2023》</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5230-0177-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5230-0177-6"><bdi>978-7-5230-0177-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.gz.gov.cn/attachment/7/7513/7513176/9343675.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42023%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2023-09&rft.isbn=978-7-5230-0177-6&rft.au=Guangzhou+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftjj.gz.gov.cn%2Fattachment%2F7%2F7513%2F7513176%2F9343675.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuangzhou_Bureau_of_Statistics_(广州市统计局)2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guangzhou Bureau of Statistics (广州市统计局) (September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240326182150/http://tjj.gz.gov.cn/attachment/7/7513/7513176/9343675.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">《广州统计年鉴2023》</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5230-0177-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5230-0177-6"><bdi>978-7-5230-0177-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.gz.gov.cn/attachment/7/7513/7513176/9343675.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Briefing+News&rft.atitle=Decoding+China%27s+2021+GDP+Growth+Rate%3A+A+Look+at+Regional+Numbers&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-briefing.com%2Fnews%2Fchinas-2021-gdp-performance-a-look-at-major-provinces-and-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">"GDP (current US$) -locations=NG&most_recent_value_desc=true&year_high_desc=true". <i>data.worldbank.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GDP+%28current+US%24%29+-locations%3DNG%26most_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue%26year_high_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2019" class="citation web cs1">Ghosh, Iman (October 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/cities-in-2035/">"These will be the most important cities by 2035"</a>. <i>World Economic Forum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103162218/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/cities-in-2035/">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 26, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.xinhuanet.com/gd/2018-04/26/c_1122743199.htm">the original</a> on September 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223135959/http://gd.ifeng.com/a/20190125/7186786_0.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 25, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/gzgoven/s4171/201306/2476873.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2017. <q>The brand-new Guangzhou Library officially opened on June 23 after six months of trial service.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guangzhou+International&rft.atitle=New+Guangzhou+Library+Opens&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.gz.gov.cn%2Fpublicfiles%2Fbusiness%2Fhtmlfiles%2Fgzgoven%2Fs4171%2F201306%2F2476873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zslib.com.cn/Lang/eng/TempletPage/Page.aspx?column=tc">"Rare Collections"</a>. Sun Yat-sen Library of Guangdong Province. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182406/http://www.zslib.com.cn/Lang/eng/TempletPage/Page.aspx?column=tc">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+Collections&rft.pub=Sun+Yat-sen+Library+of+Guangdong+Province&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zslib.com.cn%2FLang%2Feng%2FTempletPage%2FPage.aspx%3Fcolumn%3Dtc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACC1845" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n8FRAQAAIAAJ"><i>An Anglochinese Calendar for the Year 1845, Corresponding to the Year of the Chinese Cycle Æra 4482 or the 42d Year of the 75th Cycle of Sixty, being the 25th Year of the Reign of Ta'ukwa'ng, </i>Vol. II<i><span></span></i></a>, Hong Kong: Office of the Chinese Repository, 1845, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613103536/https://books.google.com/books?id=n8FRAQAAIAAJ">archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anglochinese+Calendar+for+the+Year+1845%2C+Corresponding+to+the+Year+of+the+Chinese+Cycle+%C3%86ra+4482+or+the+42d+Year+of+the+75th+Cycle+of+Sixty%2C+being+the+25th+Year+of+the+Reign+of+Ta%27ukwa%27ng%2C+Vol.+II&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Chinese+Repository&rft.date=1845&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn8FRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennaway_Douglas" title="Robert Kennaway Douglas">Douglass, Robert Kennaway</a> (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Canton (1.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canton_(1.)">"Canton (1.)" </a></span>, in Baynes, T. 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Jr.; Cranmer-Byng, John; Witek, John W. (2010), Wills, John E. Jr. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zERymZzBQQYC"><i>China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, Settlement, Diplomacy, and Missions</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-17945-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-17945-4"><bdi>978-0-521-17945-4</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510173323/https://books.google.com/books?id=zERymZzBQQYC">archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+Maritime+Europe%2C+1500%E2%80%931800%3A+Trade%2C+Settlement%2C+Diplomacy%2C+and+Missions&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-17945-4&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.+Jr.&rft.au=Cranmer-Byng%2C+John&rft.au=Witek%2C+John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzERymZzBQQYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYü1987" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Yü Ying-shih (1987), "Han Foreign Relations", <i>The Cambridge History of China</i>, vol. I: <i>The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.–A.D. 220</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8"><bdi>978-0-521-24327-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Han+Foreign+Relations&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24327-8&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Ying-shih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYule2002" class="citation cs2">Yule, Henry (2002), <i>The Travels of Friar Odoric</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Friar+Odoric&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuangzhou" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guangzhou" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guangzhou#Q16572" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikisource has several original texts related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Guangzhou" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guangzhou" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.gz.gov.cn/">Guangzhou International</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227095151/http://english.gz.gov.cn/">Archived</a> December 27, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Official website of government of Guangzhou municipality</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guangzhou.gov.cn/">Guangzhou, China Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080120060228/http://www.guangzhou.gov.cn/">Archived</a> January 20, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3287346">Guangzhou</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Capital of Nanyue</a> </b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Nanyue" title="Nanyue">Nanyue</a></i><br />204–111 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Fengtian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></i><br />July 1, 1925 – February 21, 1927 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></i><br />May 28, 1931 – December 22, 1931 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> </b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></i><br />April 23, 1949 – October 14, 1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guangzhou187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangzhou" title="Template:Guangzhou"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangzhou" title="Template talk:Guangzhou"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangzhou"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guangzhou187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangzhou" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangzhou">Administrative divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu,_Guangzhou" title="Yuexiu, Guangzhou">Yuexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan,_Guangzhou" title="Liwan, Guangzhou">Liwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu,_Guangzhou" title="Haizhu, Guangzhou">Haizhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe,_Guangzhou" title="Tianhe, Guangzhou">Tianhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun,_Guangzhou" title="Baiyun, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu,_Guangzhou" title="Huangpu, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu,_Guangzhou" title="Huadu, Guangzhou">Huadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu,_Guangzhou" title="Panyu, Guangzhou">Panyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">New Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Free-Trade Zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conghua,_Guangzhou" title="Conghua, Guangzhou">Conghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng,_Guangzhou" title="Zengcheng, Guangzhou">Zengcheng</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Defunct divisions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongshan,_Guangzhou" title="Dongshan, Guangzhou">Dongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcun,_Guangzhou" title="Fangcun, Guangzhou">Fangcun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luogang,_Guangzhou" title="Luogang, Guangzhou">Luogang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou night skyline"><img alt="Guangzhou night skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png/200px-Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png/300px-Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png/400px-Guangzhou_dusk_11-5-2008.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="503" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou day skyline"><img alt="Guangzhou day skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG/200px-Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG/300px-Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG/400px-Pearl_River_Canton_Tower_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou City districts"><img alt="Guangzhou City districts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png/200px-Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png/300px-Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png/400px-Subdivisions_of_Guangzhou-China.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Guangzhou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun Mountain (Guangzhou)">Baiyun Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan" title="Xiguan">Xiguan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Clan_Ancestral_Hall" title="Chen Clan Ancestral Hall">Chen Clan Ancestral Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchi_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Litchi Bay">Litchi Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Museum" title="Guangdong Museum">Guangdong Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Six_Banyan_Trees" title="Temple of the Six Banyan Trees">Temple of the Six Banyan Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenhai_Tower_(Guangzhou)" title="Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)">Zhenhai Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Memorial_Museum_of_Generalissimo_Sun_Yat-sen%27s_Mansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Memorial Museum of Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's Mansion (page does not exist)">The Memorial Museum of Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_(Guangzhou)" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral (Guangzhou)">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaisheng_Mosque" title="Huaisheng Mosque">Huaisheng Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxiao_Temple_(Guangzhou)" title="Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)">Guangxiao Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigang_Pagoda" title="Chigang Pagoda">Chigang Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Tower" title="Canton Tower">Canton Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Fair" title="Canton Fair">Canton Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazhou_Pagoda" title="Pazhou Pagoda">Pazhou Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimelong_Paradise" title="Chimelong Paradise">Chimelong Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Western_Han_Dynasty_Mausoleum_of_the_Nanyue_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King">Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Peasant_Movement_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute">Peasant Movement Institute</a></li> <li>Shopping malls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teem_Plaza" title="Teem Plaza">Teem Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikoo_Hui_Guangzhou" title="Taikoo Hui Guangzhou">Taikoo Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandview_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandview Mall (page does not exist)">Grandview Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley_(Guangzhou)" title="Happy Valley (Guangzhou)">Happy Valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Plaza" title="CITIC Plaza">CITIC Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whampoa_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Whampoa Military Academy">Whampoa Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nansha_Tianhou_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nansha Tianhou Palace (page does not exist)">Nansha Tianhou Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Opera_House" title="Guangzhou Opera House">Guangzhou Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huacheng_Square" title="Huacheng Square">Huacheng Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhujiang_New_Town" title="Zhujiang New Town">Zhujiang New Town</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Twin_Towers" title="Guangzhou Twin Towers">Twin Towers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_CTF_Finance_Centre" title="Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre">Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Finance_Center" title="Guangzhou International Finance Center">International Finance Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixinsha_Island_(Tianhe_District)" title="Haixinsha Island (Tianhe District)">Haixinsha Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_Square" title="Haizhu Square">Haizhu Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Memorial_Hall_(Guangzhou)" title="Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)">Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="South China Botanical Garden">South China Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Park_(Guangzhou)" title="People's Park (Guangzhou)">People's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture & demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_culture" title="Cantonese culture">Cantonese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Higher_Education_Mega_Center" title="Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center">Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Normal_University" title="South China Normal University">South China Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_University" title="Jinan University">Jinan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Foreign_Studies" title="Guangdong University of Foreign Studies">Guangdong University of Foreign Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Agricultural_University" title="South China Agricultural University">South China Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_University_of_Technology" title="Guangdong University of Technology">Guangdong University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University" title="Guangzhou University">Guangzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine">Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Medical_University" title="Guangzhou Medical University">Guangzhou Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Guangdong Pharmaceutical University">Guangdong Pharmaceutical University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guangzhou" title="Timeline of Guangzhou">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Guangzhou" title="Bibliography of Guangzhou">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Football_Park" title="Guangzhou Football Park">Guangzhou Football Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Provincial_People%27s_Stadium" title="Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium">Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiushan_Stadium" title="Yuexiushan Stadium">Yuexiushan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_Stadium" title="Tianhe Stadium">Tianhe Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Olympic_Stadium" title="Guangdong Olympic Stadium">Guangdong Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Higher_Education_Mega_Center_Central_Stadium" title="Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium">Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_Stadium" title="Huadu Stadium">Huadu Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_Sports_Center" title="Huangpu Sports Center">Huangpu Sports Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Gymnasium" title="Guangzhou Gymnasium">Guangzhou Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_International_Sports_Arena" title="Guangzhou International Sports Arena">Guangzhou International Sports Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanzigang_Stadium" title="Yanzigang Stadium">Yanzigang Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fok_Stadium" title="Henry Fok Stadium">Henry Fok Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit">Guangzhou BRT</a></li> <li>Railway stations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_railway_station" title="Guangzhou railway station">Guangzhou railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_East_railway_station" title="Guangzhou East railway station">Guangzhou East railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_South_railway_station" title="Guangzhou South railway station">Guangzhou South railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_North_railway_station" title="Guangzhou North railway station">Guangzhou North railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_railway_station" title="Guangzhou Baiyun railway station">Guangzhou Baiyun railway station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Zhuhai_intercity_railway" title="Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway">Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro">Guangfo Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Guangzhou" title="List of bus routes in Guangzhou">Guangzhou Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangzhou_Water_Buses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangzhou Water Buses (page does not exist)">Guangzhou Water Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Trams">Guangzhou Trams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_Tram" title="Haizhu Tram">Haizhu Tram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyun_Cableway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyun Cableway (page does not exist)">Baiyun Cableway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdistricts_&amp;_Towns_in_Guangzhou347" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Towns_in_Guangzhou" title="Template:Towns in Guangzhou"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Towns_in_Guangzhou" title="Template talk:Towns in Guangzhou"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Towns_in_Guangzhou" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Towns in Guangzhou"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdistricts_&amp;_Towns_in_Guangzhou347" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdistricts & Towns in Guangzhou</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongqiao_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Hongqiao Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Hongqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Beijing Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liurong_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Liurong Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Liurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuhua_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Liuhua Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Liuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangta_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Guangta Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Guangta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmin_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Renmin Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Renmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongshan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Dongshan Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Dongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonglin_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Nonglin Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Nonglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihuacun_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Meihuacun Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Meihuacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghuagang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Huanghuagang Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Huanghuagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huale_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Huale Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Huale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianshe_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Jianshe Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Jianshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Datang Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Datang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuguang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Zhuguang Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Zhuguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadong_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Dadong Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Dadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Baiyun Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Dengfeng Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Dengfeng </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuangquan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Kuangquan Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Kuangquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Jinhua Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hualin_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hualin Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Hualin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duobao_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duobao Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Duobao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changhua_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changhua Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Changhua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengyuan_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengyuan Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Fengyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjin_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longjin Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Longjin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caihong_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caihong Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Caihong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanyuan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanyuan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Nanyuan </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xicun_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xicun Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Xicun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhanqian_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhanqian Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Zhanqian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingnan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingnan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Lingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiaozhong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiaozhong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Qiaozhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chongkou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chongkou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chongkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadi_Subdistrict" title="Huadi Subdistrict">Huadi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chajiao_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chajiao Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chajiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hailong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hailong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Hailong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongnan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongnan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Zhongnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongjiao_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongjiao Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Dongjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongsha_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongsha Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Dongsha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baihedong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baihedong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Baihedong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiweitang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiweitang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shiweitang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haichuang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haichuang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Haichuang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chigang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chigang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chigang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xingang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xingang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xingang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binjiang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binjiang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Binjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sushe_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sushe Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Sushe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanhuaxi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanhuaxi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Nanhuaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longfeng_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longfeng Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Longfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shayuan_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shayuan Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shayuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruibao_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruibao Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Ruibao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jianghai_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jianghai Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Jianghai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengyang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengyang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Fengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanshitou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanshitou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Nanshitou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huazhou_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huazhou Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changgang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changgang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Changgang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanzhou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Nanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazhou_Subdistrict" class="mw-redirect" title="Pazhou Subdistrict">Pazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Guanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangnanzhong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangnanzhong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jiangnanzhong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianyuan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianyuan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Tianyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wushan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wushan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Wushan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuancun_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuancun Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yuancun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chebei_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chebei Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Chebei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahe_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahe Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shipai_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shipai Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Xinghua Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Xinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shadong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shadong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhe_Subdistrict" title="Linhe Subdistrict">Linhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangxia_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangxia Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Tangxia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liede_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liede Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Liede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiancun_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiancun Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Xiancun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuangang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuangang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yuangang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianhenan_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianhenan Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Tianhenan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangcun_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangcun Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Huangcun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longdong_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longdong Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Longdong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changxing_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changxing Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Changxing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenghuang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenghuang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Fenghuang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qianjin_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qianjin Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Qianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuji_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuji Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xintang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xintang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingtai_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jingtai Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzhou_Subdistrict" title="Songzhou Subdistrict">Songzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongde_Subdistrict" title="Tongde Subdistrict">Tongde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangshi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangshi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangjing_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangjing Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Tangjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinshi_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Xinshi Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Xinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyuanli_Subdistrict" title="Sanyuanli Subdistrict">Sanyuanli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghe_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Tonghe Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Tonghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Jingxi Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yongping_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yongping Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yongping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junhe_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junhe Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Junhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinsha_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinsha Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Jinsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijing_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Shijing Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Shijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiahe_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Jiahe Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Jiahe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuncheng_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuncheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyunhu_Subdistrict" title="Baiyunhu Subdistrict">Baiyunhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimen_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimen Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shimen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Helong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhe,_Guangdong" title="Renhe, Guangdong">Renhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihe,_Guangzhou" title="Taihe, Guangzhou">Taihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianggao" title="Jianggao">Jianggao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongluotan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongluotan (page does not exist)">Zhongluotan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasha_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasha Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Dasha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huangpu_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huangpu Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Huangpu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongshan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongshan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Hongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuzhu_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuzhu Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yuzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenchong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenchong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Wenchong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nangang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nangang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Nangang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhangzhou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhangzhou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suidong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suidong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Suidong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilian_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilian Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Lilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zone" title="Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone">GETDD</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luogang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luogang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Luogang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiagang_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiagang Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongqu_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongqu Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Dongqu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lianhe_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lianhe Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Lianhe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yonghe_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yonghe Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yonghe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiufo_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiufo Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jiufo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longhu_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longhu Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Longhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinlong,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinlong, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xinlong</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiqiao_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Shiqiao Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Shiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongcun_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongcun Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Zhongcun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shibi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shibi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Shibi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dashi_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dashi Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Dashi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luopu_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luopu Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Luopu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalong_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalong Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Dalong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donghuan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donghuan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Donghuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiaonan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiaonan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Qiaonan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatou_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shatou Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Shatou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiaoguwei_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiaoguwei Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Xiaoguwei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancun,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancun, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Nancun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinzao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinzao (page does not exist)">Xinzao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hualong,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hualong, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Hualong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shilou,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shilou, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Shilou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongyong,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongyong, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Dongyong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiqi (page does not exist)">Shiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawan,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawan, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Shawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinhua_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinhua Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinya_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinya Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xinya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huacheng_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huacheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Huacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiuquan_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiuquan Subdistrict, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Xiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timian (page does not exist)">Timian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huashan,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huashan, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Huashan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanbu,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanbu, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Tanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chini,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chini, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Chini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiling,_Guangzhou" title="Shiling, Guangzhou">Shiling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huadong,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huadong, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Huadong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhujiang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhujiang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Zhujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longxue_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longxue Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Longxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangge_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangge Town">Huangge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanqingsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanqingsha (page does not exist)">Wanqingsha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hengli,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hengli, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Hengli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchong,_Guangzhou" title="Dongchong, Guangzhou">Dongchong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagang,_Guangzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagang, Guangzhou (page does not exist)">Dagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanhe,_Guangzhou" title="Lanhe, Guangzhou">Lanhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Licheng_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licheng Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Licheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zengjiang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zengjiang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Zengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhucun_Subdistrict,_Zengcheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhucun Subdistrict, Zengcheng (page does not exist)">Zhucun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongning_Subdistrict,_Guangzhou" title="Yongning Subdistrict, Guangzhou">Yongning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhengguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhengguo (page does not exist)">Zhengguo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shitan,_Zengcheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shitan, Zengcheng (page does not exist)">Shitan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xintang,_Zengcheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xintang, Zengcheng (page does not exist)">Xintang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongxin,_Zengcheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongxin, Zengcheng (page does not exist)">Zhongxin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paitan (page does not exist)">Paitan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiaolou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiaolou (page does not exist)">Xiaolou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiancun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiancun (page does not exist)">Xiancun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiekou_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiekou Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jiekou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengjiao_Subdistrict,_Conghua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengjiao Subdistrict, Conghua (page does not exist)">Chengjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiangbu_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiangbu Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Jiangbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenquan,_Guangdong" title="Wenquan, Guangdong">Wenquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liangkou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liangkou (page does not exist)">Liangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BCtian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lütian (page does not exist)">Lütian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiping,_Conghua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiping, Conghua (page does not exist)">Taiping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aotou,_Conghua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aotou, Conghua (page does not exist)">Aotou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong" title="Template:Guangdong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangdong" title="Template talk:Guangdong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Guangdong_Province574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of administrative divisions of Guangdong">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial <br /> cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha New Area</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian District">Futian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangming District">Guangming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longgang District, Shenzhen">Longgang District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_New_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dapeng New District">Dapeng New District</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhua_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhua District, Shenzhen">Longhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luohu District">Luohu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanshan District, Shenzhen">Nanshan District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Qianhai" title="Qianhai">Qianhai SZ-HK MSIC Zone</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingshan District, Shenzhen">Pingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantian District">Yantian District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level <br /> cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qujiang District, Shaoguan">Qujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Shaoguan">Wujiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang District">Zhenjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhua_County" title="Renhua County">Renhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_County" title="Shixing County">Shixing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wengyuan_County" title="Wengyuan County">Wengyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinfeng_County,_Guangdong" title="Xinfeng County, Guangdong">Xinfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyuan_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County">Ruyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doumen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doumen District">Doumen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinwan District">Jinwan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin New Area</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaonan District">Chaonan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_District,_Shantou" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyang District, Shantou">Chaoyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghai District">Chenghai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haojiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haojiang District">Haojiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinping District">Jinping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhu District">Longhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27ao_County" title="Nan'ao County">Nan'ao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancheng District">Chancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoming District">Gaoming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui District">Sanshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde District">Shunde District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jianghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianghai District">Jianghai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengjiang District">Pengjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhui District">Xinhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikan District">Chikan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhang District">Mazhang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Potou District">Potou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiashan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiashan District">Xiashan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suixi_County,_Guangdong" title="Suixi County, Guangdong">Suixi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuwen_County" title="Xuwen County">Xuwen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Maonan District">Maonan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianbai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dianbai District">Dianbai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinghu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinghu District">Dinghu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanzhou District">Duanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deqing_County,_Guangdong" title="Deqing County, Guangdong">Deqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengkai_County" title="Fengkai County">Fengkai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangning_County" title="Guangning County">Guangning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiji_County" title="Huaiji County">Huaiji County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huicheng District">Huicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiyang_District" title="Huiyang District">Huiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluo_County" title="Boluo County">Boluo County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huidong_County,_Guangdong" title="Huidong County, Guangdong">Huidong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_County" title="Longmen County">Longmen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meijiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meijiang District">Meijiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meixian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meixian District">Meixian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabu_County" title="Dabu County">Dabu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengshun_County" title="Fengshun County">Fengshun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoling_County" title="Jiaoling County">Jiaoling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_County,_Guangdong" title="Pingyuan County, Guangdong">Pingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhua_County" title="Wuhua County">Wuhua County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengqu,_Shanwei" title="Chengqu, Shanwei">Cheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifeng_County" title="Haifeng County">Haifeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhe_County" title="Luhe County">Luhe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuancheng District">Yuancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heping_County" title="Heping County">Heping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianping_County" title="Lianping County">Lianping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchuan_County,_Guangdong" title="Longchuan County, Guangdong">Longchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyuan_County" title="Dongyuan County">Dongyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zijin_County" title="Zijin County">Zijin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangcheng District">Jiangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangdong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangdong District">Yangdong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangxi_County" title="Yangxi County">Yangxi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingcheng District">Qingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxin District">Qingxin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogang_County" title="Fogang County">Fogang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshan_County" title="Yangshan County">Yangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liannan_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Liannan Yao Autonomous County">Liannan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshan_Zhuang_and_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County">Lianshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dongguan" title="Template:Dongguan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dongguan" title="Template talk:Dongguan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dongguan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dongguan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dongguan287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chengqu_Area,_Dongguan" title="Chengqu Area, Dongguan">Chengqu Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongcheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Dongcheng Subdistrict, Dongguan">Dongcheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Subdistrict" title="Guancheng Subdistrict">Guancheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancheng_Subdistrict,_Dongguan" title="Nancheng Subdistrict, Dongguan">Nancheng Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiang_Subdistrict" title="Wanjiang Subdistrict">Wanjiang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijie,_Guangdong" title="Shijie, Guangdong">Shijie</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobu,_Guangdong" title="Gaobu, Guangdong">Gaobu</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Songshanhu_Area" title="Songshanhu Area">Songshanhu Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chashan" title="Chashan">Chashan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalang,_Dongguan" title="Dalang, Dongguan">Dalang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalingshan" title="Dalingshan">Dalingshan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaobu" title="Liaobu">Liaobu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong,_Guangdong" title="Shilong, Guangdong">Shilong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipai,_Dongguan" title="Shipai, Dongguan">Shipai</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dongbu_Chanyeyuan_Area" title="Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area">Dongbu Chanyeyuan Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping,_Guangdong" title="Changping, Guangdong">Changping</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkeng" title="Dongkeng">Dongkeng</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengli,_Dongguan" title="Hengli, Dongguan">Hengli</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiang,_Guangdong" title="Huangjiang, Guangdong">Huangjiang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiaotou,_Dongguan" title="Qiaotou, Dongguan">Qiaotou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qishi,_Dongguan" title="Qishi, Dongguan">Qishi</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiegang" title="Xiegang">Xiegang</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dongnan_Linshen_Area" title="Dongnan Linshen Area">Dongnan Linshen Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenggang,_Dongguan" title="Fenggang, Dongguan">Fenggang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxi,_Dongguan" title="Qingxi, Dongguan">Qingxi</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangxia,_Dongguan" title="Tangxia, Dongguan">Tangxia</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongtang,_Guangdong" title="Zhongtang, Guangdong">Zhongtang</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binhai_Area,_Dongguan" title="Binhai Area, Dongguan">Binhai Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an,_Dongguan" title="Chang'an, Dongguan">Chang'an</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houjie" title="Houjie">Houjie</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humen_Town" title="Humen Town">Humen</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatian,_Dongguan" title="Shatian, Dongguan">Shatian</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shuixiang_Xincheng_Area" title="Shuixiang Xincheng Area">Shuixiang Xincheng Area</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daojiao,_Guangdong" title="Daojiao, Guangdong">Daojiao</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongmei,_Guangdong" title="Hongmei, Guangdong">Hongmei</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machong,_Guangdong" title="Machong, Guangdong">Machong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangniudun" title="Wangniudun">Wangniudun</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangmutou" title="Zhangmutou">Zhangmutou</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Not a formal administrative subdivision</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhongshan" title="Template:Zhongshan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zhongshan" title="Template talk:Zhongshan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zhongshan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zhongshan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zhongshan148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zhongxin Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongqu_Subdistrict" title="Dongqu Subdistrict">Dongqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanqu_Subdistrict" title="Nanqu Subdistrict">Nanqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqi_Subdistrict" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiqi Subdistrict">Shiqi Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiqu_Subdistrict,_Zhongshan" title="Xiqu Subdistrict, Zhongshan">Xiqu Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuguishan_Subdistrict" title="Wuguishan Subdistrict">Wuguishan Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangkou,_Zhongshan" title="Gangkou, Zhongshan">Gangkou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachong" title="Dachong">Dachong</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaxi,_Zhongshan" title="Shaxi, Zhongshan">Shaxi</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dongbu Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Torch_Hi-tech_Industrial_Development_Zone" title="Zhongshan Torch Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone">Zhongshangang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanlang" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanlang">Nanlang Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuiheng" title="Cuiheng">Cuiheng New Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dongbei Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minzhong" title="Minzhong">Minzhong Subdistrict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu,_Zhongshan" title="Huangpu, Zhongshan">Huangpu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiao,_Zhongshan" title="Sanjiao, Zhongshan">Sanjiao</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Xibei Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng,_Zhongshan" title="Dongfeng, Zhongshan">Dongfeng</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusha,_Zhongshan" title="Fusha, Zhongshan">Fusha</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhen,_Guangdong" title="Guzhen, Guangdong">Guzhen</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henglan" title="Henglan">Henglan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantou,_Zhongshan" title="Nantou, Zhongshan">Nantou</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaolan" title="Xiaolan">Xiaolan</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nanbu Area*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banfu" title="Banfu">Banfu</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxiang" title="Sanxiang">Sanxiang</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwan" title="Shenwan">Shenwan</a> town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzhou_Town" title="Tanzhou Town">Tanzhou</a> town</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Not a formal administrative subdivision</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangqiao District">Xiangqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao'an District">Chao'an District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fengxi_District" title="Fengxi District">Fengxi Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_County" title="Raoping County">Raoping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongcheng District">Rongcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiedong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiedong District">Jiedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huilai_County" title="Huilai County">Huilai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexi_County" title="Jiexi County">Jiexi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuncheng District">Yuncheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun'an District">Yun'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxing_County" title="Xinxing County">Xinxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunan_County" title="Yunan County">Yunan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Guangdong" title="List of township-level divisions of Guangdong">Guangdong township-level divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Guangdong Free-Trade Zone">Guangdong Free-Trade Zone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_in_GuangdongSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population298" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Guangdong" title="Template:Most populous cities in Guangdong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Guangdong" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Guangdong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Guangdong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Guangdong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_in_GuangdongSource:_China_Urban_Construction_Statistical_Yearbook_2018_Urban_Population_and_Urban_Temporary_Population298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest cities in Guangdong<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangzhou"><img alt="Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg/120px-Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg/180px-Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg/240px-Guangzhou_Twin_Towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenzhen"><img alt="Shenzhen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg/120px-Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg/180px-Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg/240px-Lo_Wu_District_201701.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,154,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">849,700 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dongguan"><img alt="Dongguan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/120px-%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/180px-%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/240px-%E6%97%97%E5%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E9%A1%B6%E7%9C%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China-shantou03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shantou"><img alt="Shantou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/China-shantou03.jpg/120px-China-shantou03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/China-shantou03.jpg/180px-China-shantou03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/China-shantou03.jpg/240px-China-shantou03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="746" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,026,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">820,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,850,300</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">775,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,796,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">647,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,779,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">619,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,396,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">572,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,872,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">534,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,386,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">507,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">917,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">469,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">860,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">364,400 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_(Guangdong–Hong_Kong–Macau_Greater_Bay_Area)235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pearl_River_Delta" title="Template:Pearl River Delta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pearl_River_Delta" title="Template talk:Pearl River Delta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl_River_Delta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pearl River Delta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_(Guangdong–Hong_Kong–Macau_Greater_Bay_Area)235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a> Metropolitan Region (<a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huadu District">Huadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha_New_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansha New Area">Nansha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Conghua District">Conghua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuiheng" title="Cuiheng">Cuiheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geography_of_Guangdong.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Pearl River Delta region"><img alt="Pearl River Delta region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Geography_of_Guangdong.gif/75px-Geography_of_Guangdong.gif" decoding="async" width="75" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Geography_of_Guangdong.gif/113px-Geography_of_Guangdong.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Geography_of_Guangdong.gif/150px-Geography_of_Guangdong.gif 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Peninsula" title="Macau Peninsula">Macau Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River353" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Pearl River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Pearl River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River353" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities along the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Major<br />tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ececec; text-align: center"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Bei_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Bei River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Bei_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Bei River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Bei_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Bei River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bei_River16" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bei_River" title="Bei River">Bei River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center">Bei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang District">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wujiang District, Shaoguan">Wujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujiang_District,_Shaoguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qujiang District, Shaoguan">Qujiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxin District">Qingxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingcheng District">Qingcheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui District">Sanshui</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>waterways with <b>Xi</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancheng District">Chancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui District">Sanshui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Shiziyang</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ececec; text-align: center"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Dong_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Dong River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Dong_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Dong River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Dong_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Dong River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dong_River37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dong_River_(China)" title="Dong River (China)">Dong River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center">Dong</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuancheng District">Yuancheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huicheng District">Huicheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zengcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengcheng District">Zengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Shiziyang</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ececec; text-align: center"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Xi_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Xi River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Xi_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Xi River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Xi_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Xi River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xi_River14" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xi_River" title="Xi River">Xi River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center">Xi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Gui_River" title="Gui River">Gui</a>→<a href="/wiki/Li_River_(Guangxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li River (Guangxi)">Li</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diecai_District" title="Diecai District">Diecai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixing_District" title="Qixing District">Qixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiufeng_District" title="Xiufeng District">Xiufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangshan_District,_Guilin" title="Xiangshan District, Guilin">Xiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshan_District" title="Yanshan District">Yanshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_District" title="Changzhou District">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanxiu_District" title="Wanxiu District">Wanxiu</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Xi</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Xun_River" title="Xun River">Xun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Yong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Yong River (Guangxi)">Yong</a>→<a href="/wiki/Yu_River_(Guangxi)" title="Yu River (Guangxi)">Yu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Zuo_River" title="Zuo River">Zuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangzhou_District" title="Jiangzhou District">Jiangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangnan District">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiangtang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xixiangtang District">Xixiangtang</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Yong→Yu</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/You_River_(Guangxi)" title="You River (Guangxi)">You</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youjiang_District" title="Youjiang District">Youjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xixiangtang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xixiangtang District">Xixiangtang</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Yong→Yu</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Zuo & You</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangnan District">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiangtang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xixiangtang District">Xixiangtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingxiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingxiu District">Qingxiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangqing District">Liangqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongning_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongning District">Yongning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qintang_District" title="Qintang District">Qintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangnan_District" title="Gangnan District">Gangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangbei_District" title="Gangbei District">Gangbei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Xun</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Qian_River" title="Qian River">Qian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Liu_River" title="Liu River">Liu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Long_River_(Guangxi)" title="Long River (Guangxi)">Long</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinchengjiang_District" title="Jinchengjiang District">Jinchengjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Liu</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Rong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Rong River (Guangxi)">Rong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liubei_District" title="Liubei District">Liubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liunan_District" title="Liunan District">Liunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengzhong_District,_Liuzhou" title="Chengzhong District, Liuzhou">Chengzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufeng_District" title="Yufeng District">Yufeng</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Liu</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Long & Rong</b></i></span></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Qian</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Hongshui_River" title="Hongshui River">Hongshui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Beipan_River" title="Beipan River">Beipan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhi_Special_District" title="Liuzhi Special District">Liuzhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Hongshui</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Nanpan_River" title="Nanpan River">Nanpan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qilin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qilin District">Qilin</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Hongshui</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Beipan & Nanpan</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingbin_District" title="Xingbin District">Xingbin</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Qian</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Liu & Hongshui</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Xun</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Yong→Yu & Qian</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_District" title="Changzhou District">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longxu_District" title="Longxu District">Longxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanxiu_District" title="Wanxiu District">Wanxiu</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>merged into the <b>Xi</b></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><span style="color: blue;"><i>tributaries of <b>Gui→Li & Xun</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanxiu_District" title="Wanxiu District">Wanxiu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yun%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun'an District">Yun'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoyao District">Gaoyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanzhou District">Duanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinghu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinghu District">Dinghu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanshui District">Sanshui</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>waterways with <b>Bei</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoming District">Gaoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunde District">Shunde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengjiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengjiang District">Pengjiang</a></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i>waterways with <b>Shiziyang & Lingdingyang</b></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jianghai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianghai District">Jianghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhui District">Xinhui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doumen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doumen District">Doumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinwan District">Jinwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: blue;"><i><b>South China Sea</b></i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Pearl River</b></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center;">Pearl</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baiyun_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyun District, Guangzhou">Baiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwan District">Liwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haizhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haizhu District">Haizhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuexiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuexiu District">Yuexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianhe District">Tianhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Guangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Guangzhou">Huangpu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>Shiziyang</i></span></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Shiziyang" title="Shiziyang">Shiziyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: green;"><i>Pearl</i></span></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>tributary of Dong</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu District">Panyu</a></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>tributary of Bei</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>waterways with <b>Xi</b></i></span></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>Lingdingyang</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center;;background: #ececec; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Lingdingyang" title="Lingdingyang">Lingdingyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: green;"><i>Shiziyang</i></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nansha,_Guangzhou" title="Nansha, Guangzhou">Nansha</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>waterways with <b>Xi</b></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bao'an District">Bao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangming District">Guangming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhua_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhua District, Shenzhen">Longhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanshan District, Shenzhen">Nanshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Futian District">Futian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luohu District">Luohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantian District">Yantian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longgang District, Shenzhen">Longgang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Shenzhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingshan District, Shenzhen">Pingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_New_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dapeng New District">Dapeng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_District,_Zhuhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai">Xiangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinwan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinwan District">Jinwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doumen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Doumen District">Doumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Peninsula" title="Macau Peninsula">Macau Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>Jiuzhouyang</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;background: #ececec; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhouyang" title="Jiuzhouyang">Jiuzhouyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color: green;"><i>Lingdingyang</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="color: green;"><i>South China Sea</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River">Major cities along the Yangtze River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River">Major cities along the Yellow River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guangdong_topics527" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guangdong_topics" title="Template:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangdong_topics" title="Template talk:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangdong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guangdong_topics527" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong#History" title="Guangdong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guangdong" title="Politics of Guangdong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guangdong" title="Economy of Guangdong">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Public_Security_Department" title="Guangdong Public Security Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Guangdong" title="Category:Geography of Guangdong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Guangdong" title="Category:Cities in Guangdong">Cities</a></li> <li>Metropolitan areas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaoshan" title="Chaoshan">Chaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyi" title="Sanyi">Sanyi</a> (Sam Yup)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sze_Yup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sze Yup">Sze Yup</a> (Siyi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li>Regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Guangdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Guangdong (page does not exist)">Yuexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Guangdong" title="Northern Guangdong">Yuebei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Guangdong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Guangdong (page does not exist)">Yuedong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River" title="Pearl River">Pearl River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Jiang">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jiang">West River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanling_Mountains" title="Nanling Mountains">Nanling Mountains</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a> and the Vereker Banks</i> <i>(claimed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamian_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamian Island">Shamian Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Guangdong" title="List of universities and colleges in Guangdong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Guangdong" title="Category:Education in Guangdong">Guangzhou Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Shenzhen" title="Category:Education in Shenzhen">Shenzhen Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong#Culture" title="Guangdong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan culture">Lingnan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailufeng_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hailufeng dialect">Hailufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_architecture" title="Lingnan architecture">Lingnan architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_lau" title="Tong lau">Tong lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Lingnan garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_embroidery" title="Cantonese embroidery">Cantonese embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_woodcarving" title="Teochew woodcarving">Teochew woodcarving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_penjing" title="Lingnan penjing">Lingnan penjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_porcelain" title="Canton porcelain">Canton porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_School" title="Lingnan School">Lingnan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guangdong" title="Music of Guangdong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Cantonese opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamyam" title="Naamyam">Naamyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_music_(genre)" title="Guangdong music (genre)">Guangdong music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaohu" title="Gaohu">Gou Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_poetry" title="Cantonese poetry">Cantonese poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Cantonese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_Ga" title="Hung Ga">Hung Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_Chun" title="Wing Chun">Wing Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_Confucianism" title="Lingnan Confucianism">Lingnan Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year_Fair" title="Lunar New Year Fair">Flowermarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_dance#Chinese_Southern_Lion" title="Lion dance">Cantonese lion dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin" title="Wong Tai Sin">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_Shing" title="Hung Shing">Hung Shing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_merchants" title="Cantonese merchants">Cantonese merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombax_ceiba" title="Bombax ceiba">Red cotton flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_folktales" title="Cantonese folktales">Cantonese folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Five_Goats" title="The Legend of Five Goats">The Legend of Five Goats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain_hitting" title="Villain hitting">Villain hitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_Hua_Yuan" title="Chu Hua Yuan">Chu Hua Yuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_chow_fun" title="Beef chow fun">Beef chow fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_mein" title="Chow mein">Chow mein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_siu" title="Char siu">Char siu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suckling_pig" title="Suckling pig">Roasted suckling pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_nest_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's nest soup">Bird's nest soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_birdsnest" title="Seafood birdsnest">Seafood birdsnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumai" title="Shumai">Shumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">Cantonese fried rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leung_cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Leung cha">Leung cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_sui" title="Tong sui">Tong sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_cuisine" title="Hakka cuisine">Hakka cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_cuisine" title="Teochew cuisine">Teochew cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Guangdong" title="Category:Guangdong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guangdong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guangdong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_China_and_the_World96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Cities_of_China_and_the_World96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities of China and the World</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template talk:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_Asian_Games" title="1954 Asian Games">1954</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_Asian_Games" title="1966 Asian Games">1966</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_Asian_Games" title="1970 Asian Games">1970</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">1974</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" title="1978 Asian Games">1978</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Games" title="1986 Asian Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Asian_Games" title="1994 Asian Games">1994</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Asian_Games" title="1998 Asian Games">1998</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Asian_Games" title="2026 Asian Games">2026</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi">Aichi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Asian_Games" title="2030 Asian Games">2030</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Asian_Games" title="2034 Asian Games">2034</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asian_Games_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asian Games logo"><img alt="Asian Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/70px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/105px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/140px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games" title="Asian Winter Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1986 Asian Winter Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1990 Asian Winter Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1996 Asian Winter Games">1996</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1999_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1999 Asian Winter Games">1999</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangwon Province (South Korea)">Kangwon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2003_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2003 Asian Winter Games">2003</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2007 Asian Winter Games">2007</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2011 Asian Winter Games">2011</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2017 Asian Winter Games">2017</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2025 Asian Winter Games">2025</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2029_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2029 Asian Winter Games">2029</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Trojena" title="Trojena">Trojena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16572#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16572#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16572#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151928476">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206572/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjtcPPCPkmjxM7hJck7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kanton (Stadt)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073204-6">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79117229">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963210p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963210p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00633806">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36731310">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kanton (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge135263&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX461415">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000586985&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr576sxc2fpf4w1">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552615905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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[\"CITEREFDunn1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDutra_\u0026amp;_al.1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEB1878\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabriel_Ferrand1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhosh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlancey2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGongHuChenLiu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuangzhou_Bureau_of_Statistics_(广州市统计局)2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGunn2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuy1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHe,_Huifeng2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouckgeestAndre_Everard_Van_?1798\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurst2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJakob_KleinKevin_LathamStuart_Thompson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJinWeber2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKawase2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKjellberg1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight\u0026#039;s1841\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLa_Carpentier1655\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLai2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeung2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiuMou\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLombard-Salmon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLu1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacPherson1842\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMensah_Obeng2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Sheridan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortonLewis2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrayClemensPhinnPossingham2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeedham1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNg_Wing_Chung2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOuyangZhongXiaoZhang2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerdue2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Haggett\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsWilliamsPreston2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSautmanXie2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShort1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSima\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSluglettCurrie2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubrahmanyam2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTatlow2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTone2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Dyke2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_de_Ven2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVersteeghMushira_Eid2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVon_Glahn1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWakeman1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelsh1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWills1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWills_\u0026amp;_al.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXuc._720\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYiEricksonNylan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYule1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYule2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYü1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF侍建国2018\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangzhou_Higher_Education_Mega_Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangzhou_International_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Adjacent communities\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Asian Games Host Cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Audio\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blist\"] = 1,\n [\"C.\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 48,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite EB9\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 84,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 32,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 6,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 6,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangdong\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangdong topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Guangzhou\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 5,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 3,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-yue\"] = 2,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Image label\"] = 11,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 28,\n [\"Lang-zh\"] = 13,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 20,\n [\"MW\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Major cities along the Pearl River\"] = 1,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Megacities\"] = 1,\n [\"Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 2,\n [\"Most populous cities in Guangdong\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 15,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Pearl River Delta\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Provincial capitals of China\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 4,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 4,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 4,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 46,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Specify\"] = 1,\n [\"Tone superscript\"] = 3,\n [\"Towns in Guangzhou\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 3,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 3,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 7,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Why\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikidata fallback link\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource category\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"World's most populated urban areas\"] = 1,\n [\"Zhi\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","880","27.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","520","16.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","220","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","200","6.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","3.8"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:814\u003E","100","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","60","1.9"],["[others]","620","19.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.canary-58fb7b44ff-l55jm","timestamp":"20250220154426","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Guangzhou","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guangzhou","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16572","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16572","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-07T01:58:09Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T18:21:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/24\/Canton_Tower_20241027.jpg","headline":"capital city of Guangdong Province, China"}</script> </body> </html>