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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert James Manion</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MP_Robert_Manion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MP_Robert_Manion.jpg/220px-MP_Robert_Manion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MP_Robert_Manion.jpg/330px-MP_Robert_Manion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MP_Robert_Manion.jpg/440px-MP_Robert_Manion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1136" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 14, 1938 – March 25, 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Hanson</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 7, 1938 – May 13, 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">R. B. Bennett</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Hanson (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/London_(federal_electoral_district)" title="London (federal electoral district)">London</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 14, 1938 – March 25, 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cronyn_Betts" title="Frederick Cronyn Betts">Frederick Cronyn Betts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Johnston_(politician)" title="Allan Johnston (politician)">Allan Johnston</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Fort_William_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Fort William (federal electoral district)">Fort William</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Fort_William_and_Rainy_River" title="Fort William and Rainy River">Fort William and Rainy River</a>; 1917–1925)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 17, 1917 – October 13, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Riding created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dan_McIvor_(politician)" title="Dan McIvor (politician)">Dan McIvor</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1881-11-19</span>)</span>November 19, 1881<br /><a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Ontario" title="Pembroke, Ontario">Pembroke, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 2, 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-07-02)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a> (1917-1921)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Yvonne Desaulniers</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1906)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University,_Kingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University, Kingston">Queen's University, Kingston</a><br />Ontario and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1916-1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Canadian_army_and_air_force)" title="Captain (Canadian army and air force)">Captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert James Manion</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a></span></span> (November 19, 1881 – July 2, 1943) was a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> politician who led the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Conservative_Party_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Conservative Party (historical)">Conservative Party of Canada</a> from 1938 to 1940. Prior to his leadership of the party, he served in <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a> and <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a>'s cabinets. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Manion was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in <a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">1917</a> as a member of the pro-<a href="/wiki/Conscription_crisis_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscription crisis of 1917">conscription</a> <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist Party</a> led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a>. After the war, he served as a Conservative <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> until his defeat in <a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1938_National_Conservative_leadership_convention" title="1938 National Conservative leadership convention">1938</a>, Manion was elected leader of the Conservatives, which was shortly relabeled as <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)#National_Government_label" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">National Government</a>. Despite his pro-conscription stance in World War I, Manion campaigned against conscription in <a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">World War II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">1940 federal election</a>. Manion also ran on a platform of forming a wartime <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">national unity government</a>. In the election, the National Government lost in a landslide, keeping their seat count exactly the same as in the 1935 federal election. Manion also lost his seat of <a href="/wiki/London_(federal_electoral_district)" title="London (federal electoral district)">London</a>, and subsequently resigned as leader. Shortly after, Manion was appointed director of <a href="/wiki/Civil_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil defence">Civilian Air Raid Defence</a>. He died in 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Robert_James_Manion" title="Special:EditPage/Robert James Manion">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22">"Robert James Manion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Robert+James+Manion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Manion was born in <a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Ontario" title="Pembroke, Ontario">Pembroke, Ontario</a>, of Irish Catholic descent, the son of Mary Ann (O'Brien) and Patrick James Manion. He studied medicine at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University,_Kingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University, Kingston">Queen's University, Kingston</a>, Ontario, and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> before settling in his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Ontario" title="Fort William, Ontario">Fort William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, where his parents had lived since 1888. </p><p>In 1915, he enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Medical_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Army Medical Corps">Canadian Army Medical Corps</a>. Attached to the 21st Canadian Battalion, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> for heroism at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Vimy_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Robert_James_Manion" title="Special:EditPage/Robert James Manion">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22">"Robert James Manion"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Robert+James+Manion%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Robert+James+Manion%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Manion was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">conscription</a> <a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">election of 1917</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Ontario" title="Fort William, Ontario">Fort William, Ontario</a>. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> before the war, he supported Conservative Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a>'s pro-conscription Union government that was formed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Conscription Crisis of 1917</a>. Manion remained with the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> after the war. The new prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a>, appointed him Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment in 1921. He spent most of the 1920s on the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">opposition</a> benches, except for a few months in 1926 when he served as a minister in the second Meighen administration, including the position of Postmaster-General. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1930_Canadian_federal_election" title="1930 Canadian federal election">federal election of 1930</a>, the new Conservative Prime minister <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a> appointed Manion Minister of Railways and Canals. However, the economic crisis of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> destroyed the Bennett government, and Manion, with many others, lost his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935 election</a>. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Roy_Piovesana" title="Roy Piovesana">Roy Piovesana</a>, Manion's loss was partly attributable to his failure to cultivate his Fort William riding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative_Party_leader">Conservative Party leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conservative Party leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite not having a seat, Manion won the <a href="/wiki/1938_National_Conservative_leadership_convention" title="1938 National Conservative leadership convention">Conservative leadership convention</a> with backing of an "improbable coalition"<sup id="cite_ref-plam_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Orange Order delegates from Ontario and delegates from Quebec. Conservative Party members hoped that his <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and marriage to a <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a>, Yvonne Desaulniers, would help the party in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> where the perception of the Tories as being anti-French and anti-Catholic <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada" title="Orange Order in Canada">Orangemen</a> had hurt their prospects. Manion entered the House of Commons through a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> in 1938 in <a href="/wiki/London_(federal_electoral_district)" title="London (federal electoral district)">London</a>. </p><p>Following his by-election win, Manion subsequently campaigned against <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> despite the fact that he had joined the <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionists</a> in 1917 because he favoured the draft. Manion moved the Conservatives to the left and was criticized as a socialist due to his call for action against unemployment and his desire to, in his words, "bring a greater measure of social justice to all our citizens."<sup id="cite_ref-plam_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He hoped to come to power due to the criticism the King government was facing after the brokerage of an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_(Quebec)" title="Union Nationale (Quebec)">Union Nationale</a> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">Premier of Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Duplessis" title="Maurice Duplessis">Maurice Duplessis</a> in which he promised federal funds for unemployment relief in Quebec in exchange for the Union Nationale's support for the Conservatives in the federal election. The onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the re-emergence of conscription as an issue in Canada stymied Manion's hopes. In the <a href="/wiki/1939_Quebec_general_election" title="1939 Quebec general election">1939 Quebec election</a> the federal Liberals warned that the Duplessis government's support for Manion would lead to conscription, despite Manion's claims that he opposed mandatory military enlistment.<sup id="cite_ref-plam_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defeat of the government of Maurice Duplessis in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> dashed Manion's hopes of building an electoral alliance with the conservative <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">premier</a>. As well, his stand against conscription turned much of the Tory base in Ontario against the leader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1940_federal_election">1940 federal election</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1940 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>King had promised Manion that he would not call an election due to the war but reversed his pledge and called a <a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">March 1940 general election</a> taking Manion's Tories by surprise and unprepared.<sup id="cite_ref-plam_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They campaigned under the name "<a href="/wiki/National_Government_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Government (Canada)">National Government</a>" with the platform of forming a wartime <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a>. King and his Liberal Party were quite popular, especially after his government helped Canada recover from the depression. Therefore, the Liberals won a second consecutive landslide <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a>, the renamed Tories were unable to make any gains from their 1935 result, and Manion failed to win his seat, leading to his resignation as party leader two months later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his election loss, Manion was appointed director of <a href="/wiki/Civil_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil defence">Civilian Air Raid Defence</a>. He died in 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1944" title="Conscription Crisis of 1944">Conscription Crisis of 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal-Unionist">Liberal-Unionist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a Robert James Manion <a href="/wiki/Fonds" title="Fonds">fonds</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surgeoninarms00maniuoft">Manion, Robert James. A surgeon in arms. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1918.</a></li> <li>Manion, R.J. Life is an adventure. Toronto : Ryerson Press, 1936.</li> <li>Naugler, Harold Adelbert. R.J. Manion and the Conservative Party 1938-1940. M.A. thesis 1966, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.</li> <li>Piovesana, Roy H. Robert J. Manion member of Parliament for Fort William 1917-1935. Thunder Bay : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-plam-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plam_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plam_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plam_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plam_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plamaondon, Bob, "A Compassionate Conservative", National Post, April 8, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data2.archives.ca/pdf/pdf001/p000000079.pdf">"Finding aid to Robert James Manion fonds, Library and Archives Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+aid+to+Robert+James+Manion+fonds%2C+Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata2.archives.ca%2Fpdf%2Fpdf001%2Fp000000079.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+James+Manion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_James_Manion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Manion%2C%20R.J.%20%28Robert%20James%29">Works by R.J. (Robert James) Manion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20James%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Manion%2C%20R%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20James%20Manion%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22R%2E%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20James%20Manion%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20James%20Manion%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20James%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Manion%2C%20R%2E%20J%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Manion%2C%20R%2E%20James%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20James%20Manion%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20title%3A%22R%2E%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20James%20Manion%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20description%3A%22R%2E%20J%2E%20Manion%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20James%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Manion%2C%20Robert%20J%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221881-1943%22%20AND%20Manion%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Robert James Manion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/49843">Works by Robert James Manion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14193">Works by Robert James Manion</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=7199">Robert James Manion – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Duncan_McKenzie" title="Daniel Duncan McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Graydon" title="Gordon Graydon">Graydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">Bracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Starr_(politician)" title="Michael Starr (politician)">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bouchard" title="Lucien Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Gauthier" title="Michel Gauthier">Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Duceppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Grey" title="Deborah Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Canadian politician)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Hill_(politician)" title="Grant Hill (politician)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Ignatieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nycole_Turmel" title="Nycole Turmel">Turmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Postmasters_general" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Postmasters_General" title="Template:CA-Postmasters General"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Postmasters_General" title="Template talk:CA-Postmasters General"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Postmasters_General" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Postmasters General"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Postmasters_general" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_General_of_Canada" title="Postmaster General of Canada">Postmasters general</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Connor_(Canadian_politician)" title="John O'Connor (Canadian politician)">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Alexander_Macdonald" title="Donald Alexander Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lesphore_Fournier" title="Télesphore Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Seth_Huntington" title="Lucius Seth Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Connor_(Canadian_politician)" title="John O'Connor (Canadian politician)">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Connor_(Canadian_politician)" title="John O'Connor (Canadian politician)">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carling" title="John Carling">Carling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_McLelan" title="Archibald McLelan">McLelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carling" title="John Carling">Carling</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Haggart" title="John Graham Haggart">Haggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Philippe_Caron" title="Adolphe-Philippe Caron">Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Olivier_Taillon" title="Louis-Olivier Taillon">Taillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulock" title="William Mulock">Mulock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Bristol_Aylesworth" title="Allen Bristol Aylesworth">Aylesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rin_B%C3%A9land" title="Henri Sévérin Béland">Béland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Pelletier" title="Louis-Philippe Pelletier">Pelletier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chase-Casgrain" title="Thomas Chase-Casgrain">Casgrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_%C3%89douard_Blondin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Édouard Blondin">Blondin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-de-Gonzague_Belley" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-de-Gonzague Belley">Belley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murphy_(Canadian_politician)" title="Charles Murphy (Canadian politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Veniot" title="Peter Veniot">Veniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Arthur Sauvé">Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gobeil" title="Samuel Gobeil">Gobeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Alexander_McLarty" title="Norman Alexander McLarty">McLarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lorimer_Ilsley" title="James Lorimer Ilsley">Ilsley</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pate_Mulock" title="William Pate Mulock">Mulock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bertrand" title="Ernest Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Rinfret" title="Édouard Rinfret">Rinfret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_C%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Alcide Côté">Côté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roch_Pinard" title="Roch Pinard">Pinard</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_Lapointe" title="Hugues Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McLean_Hamilton" title="William McLean Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_MacLean" title="Angus MacLean">MacLean</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Fairclough" title="Ellen Fairclough">Fairclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azellus_Denis" title="Azellus Denis">Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Nicholson" title="John Robert Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Tremblay" title="René Tremblay">Tremblay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_C%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Jean-Pierre Côté">Côté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kierans" title="Eric Kierans">Kierans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_C%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Jean-Pierre Côté">Côté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Mackasey" title="Bryce Mackasey">Mackasey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Blais" title="Jean-Jacques Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_Fraser" title="John Allen Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The office of Postmaster General was abolished when the Post Office Department became a Crown Corporation known as the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Post" title="Canada Post">Canada Post Corporation</a> on October 16, 1981.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_and_Canals_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Railways and Canals (Canada)">Ministers of Railways and Canals</a> (1879–1936)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pope" title="John Henry Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Haggart" title="John Graham Haggart">Haggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_Haggart" title="John Graham Haggart">Haggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_George_Blair" title="Andrew George Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Emmerson" title="Henry Emmerson">Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">Fielding</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cochrane" title="Francis Cochrane">Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Stewart_(politician)" title="John Alexander Stewart (politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costello_Kennedy" title="William Costello Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lumley_Drayton" title="Henry Lumley Drayton">Drayton</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_Black" title="William Anderson Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Avery_Dunning" title="Charles Avery Dunning">Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Marine (1930–36)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Duranleau" title="Alfred Duranleau">Duranleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Henri_Gendron" title="Lucien Henri Gendron">Gendron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of Transport</a> (1936–2006)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Howe</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Chevrier" title="Lionel Chevrier">Chevrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carlyle_Marler" title="George Carlyle Marler">Marler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Balcer" title="Léon Balcer">Balcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Pickersgill" title="Jack Pickersgill">Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">Richardson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marchand" title="Jean Marchand">Marchand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Bouchard" title="Benoît Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corbeil" title="Jean Corbeil">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(British_Columbia_politician)" title="David Anderson (British Columbia politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Valeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lapierre" title="Jean Lapierre">Lapierre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities (2006–15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Lebel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Ministers of Transport</a> (2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Alghabra" title="Omar Alghabra">Alghabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The offices of Minister of Marine and Minister of Railways and Canals were abolished and the office of Minister of Transport was created in 1936<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_veterans_affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_veterans_affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of veterans affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment (1918–28)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Lougheed" title="James Alexander Lougheed">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rin_B%C3%A9land" title="Henri Sévérin Béland">Béland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ducharme_Morand" title="Raymond Ducharme Morand">Morand</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Paquet" title="Eugène Paquet">Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Pensions_and_National_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Pensions and National Health (Canada)">Ministers of Pensions and National Health</a> (1928–44)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_MacLaren" title="Murray MacLaren">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of Veterans Affairs</a> (1944–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Fowler_Gregg" title="Milton Fowler Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_Lapointe" title="Hugues Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lambert" title="Marcel Lambert">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Teillet" title="Roger Teillet">Teillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing" title="Arthur Laing">Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._MacDonald" title="Daniel J. MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McKinnon" title="Allan McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._MacDonald" title="Daniel J. MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Campbell" title="Bennett Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Merrithew" title="Gerald Merrithew">Merrithew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCreath" title="Peter McCreath">McCreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mifflin" title="Fred Mifflin">Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Baker_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Baker (Canadian politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Duhamel" title="Ron Duhamel">Duhamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rey_Pagtakhan" title="Rey Pagtakhan">Pagtakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina_Guarnieri" title="Albina Guarnieri">Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Blaney" title="Steven Blaney">Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_immigration_and_colonization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Immigration_and_Colonization" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Immigration and Colonization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Immigration_and_Colonization" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Immigration and Colonization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Immigration_and_Colonization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Immigration and Colonization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_immigration_and_colonization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Immigration_and_Colonization_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Immigration and Colonization (Canada)">Ministers of immigration and colonization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Edwards" title="John Wesley Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewitt_Bostock" title="Hewitt Bostock">Bostock</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Newcombe_Gordon" title="George Newcombe Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a> (acting)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lumley_Drayton" title="Henry Lumley Drayton">Drayton</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forke" title="Robert Forke">Forke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Ashton_Gordon" title="Wesley Ashton Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The offices of Minister of Immigration and Colonization, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Mines and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs were abolished and the office of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Mines_and_Resources_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Mines and Resources (Canada)">Minister of Mines and Resources</a> was created and proclaimed in force December 1, 1936.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_labour" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Labour" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Labour"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_labour" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(Canada)" title="Minister of Labour (Canada)">Ministers of labour</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(Canada)" title="Minister of Labour (Canada)">Ministers of Labour</a> (1900–96)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulock" title="William Mulock">Mulock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Bristol_Aylesworth" title="Allen Bristol Aylesworth">Aylesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">W. L. M. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_Crothers" title="Thomas Wilson Crothers">Crothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Robertson" title="Gideon Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Murdock_(politician)" title="James Murdock (politician)">Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">J. H. King</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burpee_Jones" title="George Burpee Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heenan" title="Peter Heenan">Heenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Robertson" title="Gideon Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Ashton_Gordon" title="Wesley Ashton Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLeod_Rogers" title="Norman McLeod Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Alexander_McLarty" title="Norman Alexander McLarty">McLarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Mitchell" title="Humphrey Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Fowler_Gregg" title="Milton Fowler Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Starr_(politician)" title="Michael Starr (politician)">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Nicholson" title="John Robert Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Mackasey" title="Bryce Mackasey">Mackasey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Connell_(politician)" title="Martin O'Connell (politician)">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Munro (Canadian politician)">Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Connell_(politician)" title="Martin O'Connell (politician)">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Alexander" title="Lincoln Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Caccia" title="Charles Caccia">Caccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cadieux" title="Pierre Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corbeil" title="Jean Corbeil">Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Danis" title="Marcel Danis">Danis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Human Resources <br />Development (1996–2005)<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Stewart_(politician)" title="Jane Stewart (politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Frulla" title="Liza Frulla">Frulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Dryden" title="Ken Dryden">Dryden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Human Resources <br />and Skills Development (2005–13)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Stronach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Employment <br />and Social Development (2013–15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Families, Children <br />and Social Development (2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Labour (1996–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gagliano" title="Alfonso Gagliano">Gagliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Bradshaw" title="Claudette Bradshaw">Bradshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Fontana" title="Joe Fontana">Fontana</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellie_Leitch" title="Kellie Leitch">Leitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Employment, Workforce and Labour (2015–2019)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MaryAnn_Mihychuk" title="MaryAnn Mihychuk">Mihychuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister of Labour (2019–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_MacKinnon" title="Steven MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div><sup>1</sup>Until 1909, the office of the minister of Labour was a secondary function of the Postmaster-General of Canada. W. L. M. King was the first to hold the office independently. <br /> <p><sup>2</sup>The office of Minister of Employment and Immigration, and Minister of Labour were abolished and the office of Minister of Human Resources Development went in force on July 12, 1996. Under the new provisions, a Minister of Labour may be appointed. However, when no Minister of Labour is appointed, the Minister of Human Resources Development shall exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister of Labour.<br /> </p> <sup>3</sup>Styled "Minister of Labour and Housing".</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Ministers of health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Soldiers%27_Civil_Re-establishment" title="Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment">Ministers of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment</a> (1918–28)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Lougheed" title="James Alexander Lougheed">Lougheed</a> (Senator)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rin_B%C3%A9land" title="Henri Sévérin Béland">Béland</a> (Senator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ducharme_Morand" title="Raymond Ducharme Morand">Morand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Paquet" title="Eugène Paquet">Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Pensions_and_National_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Pensions and National Health (Canada)">Ministers of Pensions and National Health</a> (1928–44)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_MacLaren" title="Murray MacLaren">MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Welfare_Canada" title="Health and Welfare Canada">Ministers of Health and Welfare Canada</a> (1944–96)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Claxton" title="Brooke Claxton">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Waldo_Monteith" title="J. Waldo Monteith">Monteith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_LaMarsh" title="Judy LaMarsh">LaMarsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Munro (Canadian politician)">Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_B%C3%A9gin" title="Monique Bégin">Bégin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crombie" title="David Crombie">Crombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_B%C3%A9gin" title="Monique Bégin">Bégin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Epp" title="Jake Epp">Epp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Bouchard" title="Benoît Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Ministers of Health</a> (1996–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Rock" title="Allan Rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjal_Dosanjh" title="Ujjal Dosanjh">Dosanjh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Aglukkaq" title="Leona Aglukkaq">Aglukkaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The portfolio was divided to create the posts of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Health_and_Welfare_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Health and Welfare (Canada)">Minister of National Health and Welfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Veterans Affairs</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_and_its_antecedents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Conservative_Leaders" title="Template:Canadian Conservative Leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Conservative_Leaders" title="Template talk:Canadian Conservative Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Conservative_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Conservative Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_and_its_antecedents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_conservative_leaders" title="List of Canadian conservative leaders">Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada</a> and its <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Conservative Party of Canada">antecedents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Party" title="Liberal-Conservative Party">Liberal-Conservative</a> (1867–1873)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative</a> (1873–1942)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">Abbott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Hanson</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> (1942–2003)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bracken" title="John Bracken">Bracken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Drew" title="George A. Drew">Drew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Rowe" title="William Earl Rowe">Rowe</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanfield" title="Robert Stanfield">Stanfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Mulroney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Charest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Wayne" title="Elsie Wayne">Wayne</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> (1987–2000)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Manning</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> (2000–2003)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Grey" title="Deborah Grey">Grey</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Day</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Canadian politician)">Reynolds</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (2003–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">Lynch-Staunton</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Harper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">O'Toole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Bergen</a> (interim)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Poilievre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867–1942)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Template:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867–1942)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Conservative Party of Canada">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_conservative_leaders" title="List of Canadian conservative leaders">Leaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Party" title="Liberal-Conservative Party">Liberal-Conservative Party</a> (1867–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_and_Conservative_Party" title="National Liberal and Conservative Party">National Liberal and Conservative Party</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li>Conservative (1921–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Government (Canada)">National Government</a> (1938–1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">John Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">John Sparrow David Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Charles Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Hugh Guthrie</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert James Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Hanson</a> (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Canadian_Ministry" title="1st Canadian Ministry">Macdonald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Ministry" title="3rd Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Ministry" title="4th Canadian Ministry">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Canadian_Ministry" title="5th Canadian Ministry">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Canadian_Ministry" title="6th Canadian Ministry">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Canadian_Ministry" title="7th Canadian Ministry">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Canadian_Ministry" title="9th Canadian Ministry">Borden I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Canadian_Ministry" title="11th Canadian Ministry">Meighen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Canadian_Ministry" title="13th Canadian Ministry">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Canadian_Ministry" title="15th Canadian Ministry">Bennett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_bleu" title="Parti bleu">Parti bleu</a> (1854–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Tories" title="Upper Canada Tories">Upper Canada Tories</a> (1810s–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> (1942–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (2003–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Unionist</a> (1917–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a> (1987–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> (2000–2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue Tory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Tory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Conservative" title="Nationalist Conservative">Nationalist Conservative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000074006545">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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