Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/02ee16b563.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'dataLayer-initialized', 'userType': '' }); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K92GBK5');</script>  <meta charset="utf-8" /> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><meta name="description" content="Gladstone scientists undertake a major effort to examine the diversity of retrons, bacterial defense systems that can be leveraged for precise gene editing" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://gladstone.org/news/building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://gladstone.org/sites/default/files/styles/news_card/public/news-events/shipman-retroncensus_hero.jpg?itok=saygs0er" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@GladstoneInst" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Gladstone scientists undertake a major effort to examine the diversity of retrons, bacterial defense systems that can be leveraged for precise gene editing" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://gladstone.org/sites/default/files/styles/news_card/public/news-events/shipman-retroncensus_hero.jpg?itok=saygs0er" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" id="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=yes" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/files/Social-Media_0.png" type="image/png" /> <title>Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/ajax_loader/css/throbber-general.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/drupal-superfish/css/superfish.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/miniorange_saml/css/miniorange_saml.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/core/components/progress.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/core/components/ajax-progress.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/align.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/container-inline.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/clearfix.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/details.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/hidden.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/item-list.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/js.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/nowrap.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/position-container.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/resize.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/system-status-counter.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/system/components/tablesort.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/views/views.module.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/responsive_menu_breakpoint.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/mmenu/dist/mmenu.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/responsive_menu/css/responsive_menu.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/ajax_loader/css/three-bounce.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/libraries/glightbox/dist/css/glightbox.min.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/simple_popup_blocks/css/simple_popup_blocks.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/extlink/css/extlink.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/core/assets/vendor/normalize-css/normalize.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/stable/css/core/normalize-fixes.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/base/layout.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/base/typography.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/base/elements.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/base/local-base.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/progress.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/action-links.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/button.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/collapse-processed.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/container-inline.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/details.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/exposed-filters.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/field.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/form.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/icons.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/inline-form.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/item-list.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/link.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/links.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/menu.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/more-link.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/tabledrag.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/tableselect.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/tablesort.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/tabs.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/textarea.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/ui-dialog.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/messages.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/contrib/classy/css/components/node.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/messages.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/node.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/fixed-header.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/alert.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/block.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/better-exposed-filters.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/more-links.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/forms.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/item-list.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/inline-list.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/site-branding.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/tables.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/tabs.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/progress-bars.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/layout-switcher.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/menu.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/components/views.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:400italic,700italic,400,300,700&subset=latin-ext,latin,greek" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i&amp;subset=greek" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro&subset=latin,latin-ext" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Serif:400,700,400italic,700italic&subset=latin,latin-ext" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/css/theme/local-theme.css?sndln6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/cxb6mcr.css"> </head> <body class="news path-news-building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research layout-no-sidebars wide hff-08 pff-06 sff-08 slff-08 headings-wide-spacing-enabled fixed-header-enabled"> <script>document.body.className += ' fade-out';</script>  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K92GBK5" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <style> #topbar {background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2024-09/Dawn-Light-Repeat.png'); background-repeat: repeat-x; /* Repeat the image horizontally */ background-size: auto 100%; /* Ensure it stretches to fill the height */ width: 100vw; /* Full width of the viewport */ height: 80px; /* Set the desired height */ margin: 0; /* Flexbox to center the text */ display: flex; justify-content: center; /* Horizontal centering */ align-items: center; /* Vertical centering */ position: relative; } #topbar a { margin-left: 20px; } #topbar a:hover { background: linear-gradient(to right, #084b70, #032c42); /* Gradient background on hover */ color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1); /* Change text color to white for contrast */ transition: background 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease; /* Smooth transition for background and color */ border-color: rgba(0, 42, 64, 0.6); /* Keep border color transition */ } #topbar .button { display: inline-block; /* Or block, depending on your needs */ position: relative; /* Allow positioning adjustments */ transform: translateY(-2px); /* Raise the button by 2 pixels */ } #close-topbar { font-size: 26px; color: #002A40; cursor: pointer; position: absolute; right: 2%; /* Move closer to the center */ top: 4px; z-index: 100; } #close-topbar:hover { color: #A87F72; /* Change background on hover */ } @media (max-width: 768px) { #topbar p { margin-top: 0px !important; } #topbar a { margin-left: 0px; } #topbar a.button { display: block; /* Force the button onto a new line */ margin-top: 5px; /* Add space between text and button */ } #close-topbar { right: 5%; } } </style> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { // Check if the topbar should be hidden if (sessionStorage.getItem("hideTopBar")) { document.getElementById("topbar").style.display = "none"; } // Add event listener to the close button document.getElementById("close-topbar").addEventListener("click", function() { document.getElementById("topbar").style.display = "none"; sessionStorage.setItem("hideTopBar", "true"); }); }); </script> <div class="page-container"> <div id="topbar"><p style="padding-top:50px; font-weight:normal;">Gladstone NOW: The Campaign <a href="https://gladstonenow.org/" class="button outline" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Join Us on the Journey</a><span id="close-topbar" style="cursor: pointer; margin-left: 15px;">✕</span></p></div> <div class="big-giant-head"> <div class="header-container"> <header role="banner" class="clearfix header region--dark-typography region--gray-background full-width two-columns"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="clearfix header__container"> <div class="search-below"> <div class="search-below-inner"> <form action="/google-search" method="GET"> <input id="search-input" class="search-input" placeholder="Search Keyword(s)" type="text" name="q" style="display:none"/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" style="display:none" /> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="clearfix header__section header-first"> <div class="region region-header-first"> <div id="block-showcase-lite-branding" class="clearfix site-branding block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <div class="logo-and-site-name-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/index.php/" title="Home" rel="home" class="site-branding__logo"> <img class="off-scrl" src="/sites/default/files/GladstoneLogoWh.png" alt="Home" /> <img class="on-scrl" src="/sites/default/files/GladstoneLogoNv.png" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-responsivemenumobileicon" class="responsive-menu-toggle-wrapper responsive-menu-toggle clearfix block block-responsive-menu block-responsive-menu-toggle"> <div class="content"> <a id="toggle-icon" class="toggle responsive-menu-toggle-icon" title="Menu" href="#off-canvas"> <span class="icon"></span><span class="label">Menu</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="clearfix header__section header-second"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-searchicon" class="clearfix block block-block-content block-block-content8acdf7a0-b4b7-49e8-9e8b-694518c63d40"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><img alt="search icon" class="pocus off-scrl" src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/images/search-icon.png" /> <img alt="scroll search icon" class="pocus on-scrl" src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/images/search-icon-nv.png" /></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-mainnavigation-2" class="clearfix block block-superfish block-superfishmain"> <div class="content"> <ul id="superfish-main" class="menu sf-menu sf-main sf-horizontal sf-style-none"> <li id="main-menu-link-contentec177805-cd19-4011-9d2a-730bffcb0770" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent"><a href="/about" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">About</a><ul><li id="main-menu-link-contenta58c8004-dbdd-473d-9c7d-45b933a4bedf" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/people" class="sf-depth-2">People</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentc7d4f8d5-0eab-435c-98ce-5c1189992ac9" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/community-outreach" class="sf-depth-2">Outreach</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content353c6936-53b7-4b6c-83d8-01460add4c93" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/our-core-values" class="sf-depth-2">Core Values</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content5f286bab-4cfc-4de5-b061-388cd842ea72" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/diversity-equity-and-inclusion" class="sf-depth-2">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentebbe6ae0-c06b-4709-a6ab-ec04b12d6cae" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about#finances" class="sf-depth-2">Finances</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contenta51d07ea-dc8c-466a-830f-b776efe25b87" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/people/foundation-board" class="sf-depth-2">Gladstone Foundation</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentfdda1b91-039b-465e-9b46-fbd2f96d51a4" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about/history" class="sf-depth-2">History</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contente5031172-5afd-4fb1-af5c-af1d2b49b131" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize" class="sf-depth-2">Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentd60b06e4-a8a5-4a8e-b051-4291971584d6" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/about#contact" class="sf-depth-2">Contact</a></li></ul></li><li id="main-menu-link-content2fd8e091-0f6f-488c-8327-870a7667f9bb" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent"><a href="/science" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Science</a><ul><li id="main-menu-link-content9f48d697-aaff-4bc8-9d5d-0bb99cb9250f" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/science/institutes" class="sf-depth-2">Institutes</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contenta99233e4-460c-4de2-879e-0b8681c72d32" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/science#centers" class="sf-depth-2">Centers</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content6c639096-f891-4d1f-bdb3-36839a5e5f6e" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/science/cores" class="sf-depth-2">Core Facilities</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content372262d3-f1a1-416a-91f7-6ed89b70f411" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/people/investigators" class="sf-depth-2">Investigators</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content7d607630-2961-4c68-ae9f-f8824648a1fc" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/industry-partners" class="sf-depth-2">Industry Partners</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content9f87c22d-7b75-4920-91b0-fe4e4d3648d2" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/science/programs" class="sf-depth-2">Programs</a></li></ul></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentc4e8c4f7-8d5c-430b-a475-a02e5e0230fa" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent"><a href="/training" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">Training</a><ul><li id="main-menu-link-contentba2445f4-4738-44f3-92b4-154306766274" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/training/academic-affairs" class="sf-depth-2">Academic Affairs</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentd757d4e1-b20f-401a-bb06-cc6043f060e5" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/training/postdocs" class="sf-depth-2">Postdocs</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content80d70947-0c90-44b3-837d-be54dbd481e4" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/training/graduate-students" class="sf-depth-2">Graduate Students</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content1606964c-6173-446c-8e9a-e8c8287ae23b" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/cirm-scholars" class="sf-depth-2">CIRM Scholars Program</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content6aa2371d-c1eb-4bcd-9a33-3487cff85166" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="https://gladstone.org/embark" class="sf-depth-2 sf-external">Embark: Presidential Postdoctoral Program</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content7bacc720-5f94-478b-a9a2-f03120667d4d" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/nomis-gladstone-fellowship-program" class="sf-depth-2">NOMIS–Gladstone Fellowship Program</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content0bf33cd5-b878-4825-9439-dbdb7ec2e5c1" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/training/pumas-summer-internship-program" class="sf-depth-2">PUMAS Summer Internship Program</a></li></ul></li><li id="main-views-viewviewsnews-searchpage-1" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent"><a href="/news" class="sf-depth-1 menuparent">News</a><ul><li id="main-menu-link-content1cd935ac-2aef-4f8b-8139-51f3c5b37a24" class="sf-depth-2 sf-no-children"><a href="/media" class="sf-depth-2">For Media</a></li></ul></li><li id="main-menu-link-contentb916fc5c-0841-477f-b3ba-3c2810e6d392" class="sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="/events" class="sf-depth-1">Events</a></li><li id="main-menu-link-content0772936b-2355-40b4-b9af-5f9750726d1c" class="sf-depth-1 sf-no-children"><a href="/giving" class="sf-depth-1">Give</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="page-start" class="clearfix page-start"></div> <a name="main-content"></a> <div class="system-messages clearfix"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="region region-system-messages"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-showcase-lite-page-title" class="clearfix block block-core block-page-title-block"> <div class="content"> <h1 class="title page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research</span> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container clearfix block block-views block-views-blockauthored-authored" id="block-views-block-authored-authored"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-authored view-id-authored view-display-id-authored js-view-dom-id-fbcc9b2fac846d4587d1eae87b7ebc0b4b1cd1f833b4979064db1b36e7815e03"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="8527" class="node node--type-news node--view-mode-newsheader clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <header class="node__header"> <h2 class="node__title"> <a href="/news/building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research</span> </a> </h2> </header> <span class="header-author">Article</span> <span class="header-divider">|</span> <span class="header-author">By Sarah C.P. Williams</span> <span class="header-divider">|</span> <span class="header-date">September 17, 2024</span> <span class="header-divider">|</span> <span class="header-readtime">6 min read</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container clearfix block block-views block-views-blockauthored-social" id="block-views-block-authored-social"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-authored view-id-authored view-display-id-social js-view-dom-id-3f68a4304fad753c68b3ef552ae7c4aec53f19090701ea62608199a2f37baa80"> <div class="view-header"> <style> .event #intro td, .event #intro th {text-align:left;} .event #intro td li , .event #intro th li {font-size:18px} .event #intro td li a, .event #intro th li a {font-size:18px} </style> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-view-node"><span class="field-content"><span class="header-author">Share:</span> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://gladstone.org/news/building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?original_referer=https://gladstone.org/news/building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&text=&tw_p=tweetbutton&url=https://gladstone.org/news/building-better-dna-editors-retrons-raise-bar-gene-research&via=GladstoneInst" class="twitter-share-button"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix main-content region--dark-typography region--white-background region--no-separator"> <div class="clearfix main-content__container"> <div class="row"> <section> <div class="clearfix main-content__section" > <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-showcase-lite-content" class="clearfix block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article data-history-node-id="8527" class="node node--type-news node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <header class="node__header"> </header> <div id="news"> <div class="container"> <div class="field field--name-field-images field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_node/public/news-events/shipman-retroncensus_hero.jpg?itok=YtZqm120" width="1400" height="787" alt="Seth Shipman and Alejandro Gonzalez Delgado at Gladstone Institutes." loading="lazy" class="image-style-news-node" /> </div> <div class="caption"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-caption field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Seth Shipman (right), Alejandro González-Delgado (left), and their colleagues closely examined never-before-tested retrons, bacterial defense systems that can be leveraged for precise gene editing.</p> </div>   </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-story field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Within bacterial cells, specialized immune systems known as retrons fend off viral attacks. But that’s not all they can do.</p> <p>Scientists, including <a href="https://gladstone.org/people/seth-shipman" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Seth Shipman, PhD,</a> at Gladstone Institutes, have shown that retrons also serve an important purpose in the lab: precise DNA editing. In fact, retrons can be combined with CRISPR—the far more famous bacterial-defense-system-turned-gene-editor—to better edit human cells.</p> <p>Yet, for all their potential to help scientists better understand disease and develop new therapies, only a small number of retrons have been studied. In nature, many thousands of variations exist, some with greater gene-editing powers than others.</p> <p>In a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-024-02384-z" rel="noopener" target="_blank">new study published in <em>Nature Biotechnology</em>,</a> Shipman and his team greatly expand the universe of retron knowledge. They carried out a “census” of 163 never-before-tested retrons and identified many that can edit DNA more quickly and efficiently than those currently used in research.</p> <p><img alt="Seth Shipman, investigator at Gladstone Institutes" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="fbab2525-13bf-4d25-8c89-87857f3cc714" idth="100%/" src="https://hello.gladstone.org/sites/default/files/inline-images/Shipman-RetronCensus_2.jpg"></p> <p class="caption">Shipman and his team tested a large number of retrons in the lab for the first time and showed that many of them can edit DNA more quickly and efficiently in bacteria, phages, and human cells than the ones currently being used.</p> <p>“The baseline for retron technology has now significantly improved,” says Shipman, lead author of the new study. “In nearly every cell type, we found retrons that were much better editors than what we had started with.”</p> <p>The scientists tested the new retrons in bacteria, phages (viruses that infect bacteria), and human cells. Some of the newly characterized retrons, they discovered, can edit efficiently enough to be used to treat disease. Their findings also provide an extensive database to start understanding the different properties of different retrons.</p> <h2>Expanding a Toolkit</h2> <p>Ever since the advent of CRISPR more than a decade ago, scientists have used gene editing to more fully understand how cells function and to develop new ways to treat—or even cure—diseases. Retrons, with their natural ability to produce large amounts of DNA to detect invading viruses, take this capability to a new level.</p> <p>Shipman is among the global leaders in the development of retrons as a biotechnology tool. He uses them as <a href="https://gladstone.org/news/researchers-pioneer-new-method-edit-genes-human-cells" rel="noopener" target="_blank">tiny factories inside cells to create the strands of DNA needed for gene editing.</a></p> <p>Even though retrons are very common in bacteria, scientists have only been using a handful of retrons first described in the 1980s. A few years ago, researchers in Spain looked through genome databases and identified nearly 2,000 stretches of DNA they predicted to be retrons.</p> <p>“Nobody had tested these retrons in a lab, so we decided to do just that,” says Asim Khan, co-first author of the new study and a former research associate in Shipman’s lab who is now pursuing his PhD at Columbia University. “We started taking retrons from that list and putting them into cells to see which ones would work and which ones would be useful for technology, and whether there are interesting differences between them.”</p> <p>In the new work, Shipman’s group carried out lab experiments on a sampling of 163 of the presumed retrons. The retrons were selected to capture the diversity of the Spanish team’s complete list.</p> <p><img alt="Scientists Rebecca Fang and Santiago Lopez in the Shipman lab at Gladstone Institutes." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ac8316b0-c864-468c-81e7-d4c623789154" src="https://hello.gladstone.org/sites/default/files/inline-images/Shipman-RetronCensus_1.jpg" width="100%/"></p> <p class="caption">The top-performing retrons in this study made correct edits in 30 to 40 percent of human cells, an editing rate that could eventually improve gene therapy for a range of diseases. Seen here are Santiago Lopez (left) and Rebecca Fang (right), two scientists who worked on the study, looking over precise editing rates from retrons.</p> <p>The researchers engineered <em>E. coli</em> bacteria to contain the code for each predicted retron, and tested whether the sequences were truly retrons that could produce DNA. They confirmed that most of them were indeed functional retrons.</p> <p>“We then wanted to determine whether any of the new retrons could be better editors than the standard ones we’ve been using, so we measured how much DNA each new retron could produce,” says co-first author of the work Matías Rojas-Montero, a former research associate in the Shipman lab who is pursuing his PhD at UC San Francisco (UCSF). “Our lab previously found that the amount of DNA produced by a retron is a good predictor of how well it will work in genome editing.”</p> <p>The team discovered that relationships between retrons predicted how much DNA they produced—those that produced the most tended to be related retron systems. Moving forward, this knowledge could help scientists predict how effective other retrons would be for editing.</p> <h2>Better Editors</h2> <p>Once Shipman’s group verified that the retrons could produce DNA in <em>E. coli</em>, they selected 29 retrons to test for their ability to work with gene editing systems in <em>E. coli </em>and phages.</p> <p>In <em>E. coli</em>, eight of the retrons led to better editing rates than Retron-Eco1, which is currently considered the gold-standard retron for gene editing in bacteria. One retron, from the bacteria <em>Klebsiella variicola</em>, had a 10-fold increase in editing efficiency compared to Eco1. In phages, four retrons were more efficient than Eco1.</p> <p>Finally, the team tested more than 130 retrons for their ability to carry out gene editing in human cells; 58 of those had higher rates of precise editing than Eco1. The top-performing retrons, they showed, made correct edits in 30 to 40 percent of cells. This editing rate is considered high enough to make a therapeutic difference for many diseases that researchers would like to treat with gene therapy, such as autoimmune diseases and blood disorders.</p> <p>Shipman and his colleagues are planning additional studies on the new retrons—as well as predicted retrons that didn’t yield DNA—to better understand what parts of the retrons influence their DNA production and ability to work with gene editors. Ultimately, they hope the list provides researchers with new, more effective options when they set out to edit genes using retrons.</p> <p>“In addition to using the retrons ourselves to edit genomes and introduce genetic variants that are related to diseases, we’ve already been giving these new retrons out to many other labs that are excited about using them,” says Shipman, also an associate professor in the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences at UCSF, as well as a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator. “As we keep digging deep into the properties of these retrons, we think we’ll be able to engineer and improve them even more.”</p></div> </div> <div class="quote1img"> <img src="" /> </div> <div class="quote1"> <div class="quote-outer"> <div class="quote-inner"> </div> </div> <img src="" class="f-width" /> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-if-news-release view-id-if_news_release view-display-id-news_release js-view-dom-id-4bd34293f01ec1158d9494d37558f65d96d5c16cf2d6c443b4687b7c5ef0b489"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-nid"><span class="field-content"><div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div id="opened" class="accordion accord1"><h2>For Media</h2></div> <div class="panel"> <div id="media-contact"><article class="user user--compact"> <div class="user__compact"> <p> <b>Julie Langelier</b><br>Associate Director, Communications<br> <a href="tel:415.734.5000" title="Call" class="ph-link">415.734.5000</a><br> <a href="mailto:julie.langelier@gladstone.ucsf.edu">Email</a> </p> </div> </article> </div> <div id="about-study"><h3>About the Study</h3> <p>The paper <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-024-02384-z" rel="noopener" target="_blank">“An experimental census of retrons for DNA production and genome editing”</a> was published in the journal <em>Nature Biotechnology</em> on September 17, 2024. The authors are Asim G. Khan, Matías Rojas-Montero, Alejandro González-Delgado, Santiago C. Lopez, Rebecca F. Fang, Kate D. Crawford, Seth L. Shipman of Gladstone.</p> <p>The work was supported by the National Science Foundation (MCB 2137692), the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB031393), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1DP2GM140917), the L.K. Whittier Foundation, the Pew Biomedical Scholars Program, and Retronix Bio. Some authors also received support from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Berkeley Fellowships for Graduate Study, UCSF Discovery Fellowships, and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships.</p></div> <div><h3>About Gladstone Institutes</h3> <p><a href="https://gladstone.org">Gladstone Institutes</a> is an independent, nonprofit life science research organization that uses visionary science and technology to overcome disease. Established in 1979, it is located in the epicenter of biomedical and technological innovation, in the Mission Bay neighborhood of San Francisco. Gladstone has created a research model that disrupts how science is done, funds big ideas, and attracts the brightest minds.</p> </div> <div class="boiler"> </div> <div class="boiler"> </div> <div class="boiler"> </div> <div class="boiler"> </div> </div> </div></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="experts"> <div class="container"> <h2>Featured Experts</h2> <div class="owl-carousel"> <article class="user user--carousel"> <div class="item"><a href="/people/Seth-Shipman" title="View profile"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_expert_block_expert_pic_crop_so_all_the_same_pluggin_the_di/public/user-pics/investigators/shipman2_thumb.jpg?itok=9OrfG5Uo" /><div class="blowpic">Seth Shipman, PhD</a><br><span class="xprtitle">Associate Investigator, Gladstone Institutes</span></div></div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="addedblock"> <div class="container"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="container"> <h2>Support Discovery Science</h2> <p>Your gift to Gladstone will allow our researchers to pursue high-quality science, focus on disease, and train the next generation of scientific thought leaders.</p> <p><a class="button magenta" href="https://gladstone.org/make-a-gift">Donate Now</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> #experts .owl-nav{display:none} .cloned{visibility:hidden} </style> <script> var acc = document.getElementsByClassName("accordion"); var i; for (i = 0; i < acc.length; i++) { acc[i].addEventListener("click", function() { this.classList.toggle("active"); var panel = this.nextElementSibling; if (panel.style.maxHeight){ panel.style.maxHeight = null; } else { panel.style.maxHeight = panel.scrollHeight + "px"; } }); } var opensezame = document.getElementById('opened'); opensezame.classList.toggle("active"); var panel = opensezame.nextElementSibling; panel.style.maxHeight = panel.scrollHeight + "px"; </script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.2.1:2:28017"></script> <script> $("#experts").children().each(function () { $(this).html( $(this).html().replace(/President, Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease/g,"President, Gladstone Institutes") ); }); </script> <script src="/libraries/owl-carousel2/owl.carousel.js"></script> <script> var owl = $('.owl-carousel'); owl.owlCarousel({ margin: 10, touchDrag : false, mouseDrag : false, lazyLoad:true, lazyLoadEager: 1, loop: true, responsive: { 0: { items: 1 }, 600: { items: 2 }, 1000: { items: 3, nav: true } } }) // disable scroll owl.on('drag.owl.carousel', function(event) { document.ontouchmove = function (e) { e.preventDefault() } }) // enable scroll owl.on('dragged.owl.carousel', function(event) { document.ontouchmove = function (e) { return true } }) </script> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container clearfix block block-views block-views-blocknews-search-up-next" id="block-views-block-news-search-up-next"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="view view-news-search view-id-news_search view-display-id-up_next js-view-dom-id-bdb89f2e92b4d9747c9a60f7be358ab32cf7c357d63d270b6f69834a004712a3"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="container"> <hs>Up Next</hs> </div> <br><br> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="8584" class="node node--type-news node--view-mode-card clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <header class="node__header"> <h2 class="node__title"> <a href="/news/brain-immune-cells-amplify-damage-caused-alzheimers-risk-gene-study-finds" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Brain Immune Cells Amplify Damage Caused by Alzheimer’s Risk Gene, Study Finds</span> </a> </h2> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="imgbox"> <a href="/news/brain-immune-cells-amplify-damage-caused-alzheimers-risk-gene-study-finds" hreflang="en"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_card/public/news-events/_bbb0718.jpg?itok=Th6DKEuo" width="800" height="520" alt="Sientists Yadong Huang and Antara Rao in the lab at Gladstone Institutes" loading="lazy" class="image-style-news-card" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <span class="mediatype">Article</span> <span class="postdate"> November 4, 2024</span> <h3><a href="/news/brain-immune-cells-amplify-damage-caused-alzheimers-risk-gene-study-finds"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Brain Immune Cells Amplify Damage Caused by Alzheimer’s Risk Gene, Study Finds</span> </a></h3> <p>Transplanting human neurons into mouse brains reveals disease-causing interactions between the APOE4 protein and immune cells.</p> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=News Release">News Release</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Research (Publication)">Research (Publication)</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Alzheimer’s Disease">Alzheimer’s Disease</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Neurological Disease">Neurological Disease</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Huang Lab">Huang Lab</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="8573" class="node node--type-news node--view-mode-card clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <header class="node__header"> <h2 class="node__title"> <a href="/news/gladstone-researchers-discover-how-chronic-inflammation-worsens-heart-failure" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gladstone Researchers Discover How Chronic Inflammation Worsens Heart Failure</span> </a> </h2> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="imgbox"> <a href="/news/gladstone-researchers-discover-how-chronic-inflammation-worsens-heart-failure" hreflang="en"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_card/public/news-events/_aaa8822.jpg?itok=Q3vSzsNP" width="800" height="520" alt="Scientists Deepak Srivastava, Arun Padmanabhan, and Michael Alexanian discuss their work at Gladstone Institutes." loading="lazy" class="image-style-news-card" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <span class="mediatype">Article</span> <span class="postdate"> October 23, 2024</span> <h3><a href="/news/gladstone-researchers-discover-how-chronic-inflammation-worsens-heart-failure"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gladstone Researchers Discover How Chronic Inflammation Worsens Heart Failure</span> </a></h3> <p>The new findings have implications for developing immune therapies that target heart disease and chronic conditions in other organs.</p> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=News Release">News Release</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Research (Publication)">Research (Publication)</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Heart Failure">Heart Failure</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Cardiovascular Disease">Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Alexanian Lab">Alexanian Lab</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Srivastava Lab">Srivastava Lab</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"> <article data-history-node-id="8571" class="node node--type-news node--view-mode-card clearfix"> <div class="node__container"> <div class="node__main-content clearfix"> <header class="node__header"> <h2 class="node__title"> <a href="/news/gladstone-present-2024-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-neuroscientist-rusty-gage" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gladstone to Present 2024 Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize to Neuroscientist Rusty Gage</span> </a> </h2> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="imgbox"> <a href="/news/gladstone-present-2024-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-neuroscientist-rusty-gage" hreflang="en"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_card/public/news-events/rusty_gage_0x8c2874.jpg?itok=GdYv-iiM" width="800" height="520" alt="Rusty Gage, professor in the Laboratory of Genetics at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies" loading="lazy" class="image-style-news-card" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <span class="mediatype">Article</span> <span class="postdate"> October 21, 2024</span> <h3><a href="/news/gladstone-present-2024-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-neuroscientist-rusty-gage"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gladstone to Present 2024 Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize to Neuroscientist Rusty Gage</span> </a></h3> <p>Gage has reshaped our understanding of stem cells in the adult brain with landmark discoveries that may contribute to the development of new or better therapies for neurological disorders.</p> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Awards">Awards</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Institutional News">Institutional News</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=News Release">News Release</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Ogawa Stem Cell Prize">Ogawa Stem Cell Prize</a> <a class="catbutt" href="/news?categories=Stem Cells/iPSCs">Stem Cells/iPSCs</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="morbut"><a class="button magenta" href="/news">More News</a></p> <style> .morbut{margin-bottom:72px;margin-top:60px;text-align:center} </style> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.2.1:2:28017"></script> <script> $('a.catbutt:contains("EAsAAs")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Event Coordinators Network")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Graduate Organization GO")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Green Team")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("LGBTQ")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Mentoring Task Force")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Postdoc Advisory Committee")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Research Associates Committee")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Safety Team")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Student Outreach and Science Education")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Womens Initiative")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Administration and Finance")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Communications")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Corporate Ventures and Translation")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Diversity and Outreach")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Facilities")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Finance")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Grants and Contracts")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Human Resources")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Information Technology")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Intellectual Property and Legal Affairs")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Office of Postdoctoral and Graduate Affairs")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Office of the President")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Philanthropy")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Purchasing")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Assay Development and Drug Discovery Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Transgenic Gene Targeting")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Behavioral Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Bioinformatics Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Flow Cytometry Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Genomics Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Histology and Light Microscopy Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Mass Spectrometry Facility")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Stem Cell Core")').remove(); $('a.catbutt:contains("Transgenic Gene Targeting Core")').remove(); </script> <script> $.ajax({ //...stuff... cache: false, headers: { "cache-control": "no-cache" }, //...more stuff... }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="clearfix footer region--light-typography region--dark-background region--no-separator "> <div class="container"> <div class="clearfix footer__container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="clearfix footer__section footer-first" > <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div id="block-footerlogoandtext" class="clearfix block block-block-content block-block-content070d0444-f1db-41b9-b0e5-c612e818de00"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><img alt="Gladstone Logo" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d46b018a-8f64-44cc-a976-32422aa080da" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/GladstoneLogoBlu.png" width="200px" /></p> <p class="small">Gladstone Institutes is an independent state-of-the-art biomedical research institution that empowers its world-class scientists to find new pathways to cures.</p> <p><a title="Gladstone Facebook page" href="https://www.facebook.com/gladstoneinstitutes" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="false"></i></a> <a title="Gladstone Twitter page" href="https://twitter.com/GladstoneInst" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="false"></i></a> <a title="Gladstone Youtube channel" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GladstoneScience" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="false"></i></a> <a title="Gladstone on Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/gladstoneinstitutes/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="false"></i></a> <a title="Gladstone LinkedIn company profile" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/gladstoneinstitutes/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="false"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="clearfix footer__section footer-second" > <div class="region region-footer-second"> <div id="block-mailchimpsignup" class="clearfix block block-block-content block-block-contentca1523b3-883f-4a8f-82fb-6004e5955761"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h5>Stay up to date with us</h5> <p class="small">Subscribe to our newsletter  to receive monthly updates on the innovative discoveries, distinguishing awards, and noteworthy events taking place at Gladstone Institutes.</p>  <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="https://gladstoneinstitutes.us10.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=1a62a392ffda799ebdf0313d3&id=f25fc65fc1" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <div class="mc-field-group" > <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="required email" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="Email Address"><label for="mce-EMAIL" class="form-label-hide">Email Address</label> </div> <div id="mce-responses" class="clear"> <div class="response" id="mce-error-response" style="display:none"></div> <div class="response" id="mce-success-response" style="display:none"></div> </div>  <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" id="whatsamattau" name="b_1a62a392ffda799ebdf0313d3_f25fc65fc1" tabindex="-1" value=""><label for="whatsamattau" class="form-label-hide">Comments</label></div> <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe"></div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div> <div class="clearfix visible-xs-block visible-xs-block"></div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="clearfix footer-bottom region--light-typography region--dark-background region--no-separator "> <div class="container"> <div class="clearfix footer-bottom__container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="clearfix footer-bottom__section"> <div class="region region-footer-bottom"> <div id="block-footeraddressandcopyrightetc" class="clearfix block block-block-content block-block-content35b59adf-34dd-4cb5-912f-296911f75197"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><hr noshade /> <p><b><span>1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158</span> <span class="safety"><a href="/crisis-response-and-building-safety">Crisis Response and Building Safety</a></span> 415.734.2000</b><br> <span>© 2024 Gladstone Institutes</span> <span>All Rights Reserved</span> <span><a href="https://gladstone.org/terms-conditions">Terms and Conditions</a></span> <a href="https://gladstone.org/conflict-of-interest">Conflict of Interest</a><br> Registered 501(c)(3). EIN: 23-7203666</p> <p id="footerlinks"><a href="/careers" class="footerlink">Careers</a> <a href="/media" class="footerlink">For Media</a> <a href="/about#contact" class="footerlink">Contact</a></p> <style> .path-science-histology-and-light-microscopy-core #3040 {display:none !important} .path-events-2024-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-reception #valet-p {margin-top:10px} .path-people-lisa-elia #related-news{display:none} .path-people-john-peck .relatedlinks {display:none} .news h2.lite, .event h2.lite {color:#002A40 !important} #second-blurb {display:none} #3040 {visibility:hidden} .safety a {font-weight:800} .investigator #contact .to-hide {padding-bottom:22px} .path-training #nomis .display {margin-bottom: 20px} @media (min-width: 1200px) { .path-celebrate25 #block-showcase-lite-page-title {width:88%; height:auto;} .path-forms-2023-ogawa-yamanaka-prize-media-registration .block-page-title-block {width:80%} } @media (max-width: 1199px) { .path-forms-2023-ogawa-yamanaka-prize-media-registration .block-page-title-block {width:100%} .path-celebrate25 #block-showcase-lite-page-title {width:112%} } @media (max-width: 991px) { .path-celebrate25 #block-showcase-lite-page-title {width:99%} .path-forms-2023-ogawa-yamanaka-prize-media-registration .block-page-title-block {width:93%} } @media (max-width: 658px) { .path-celebrate25 #block-showcase-lite-page-title {width:100%} } .path-celebrate25 #intro table td, .path-celebrate25 table th {text-align:left} .path-celebrate25 #intro table li {font-size: 18px; font-weight:400} .path-people-taha-taha #related-news {display:none} #block-mediatabs.moby ul li a {padding: 6px;font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px;color: #002A40;font-weight: 600;letter-spacing: 1px;border: 1px solid #F5F5F5;text-align: center;margin: 3px 0;} #block-nomistabs {margin-top: -21px;margin-bottom: 60px;} #block-diversitytabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-peopletabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-ogawatabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-trainingtabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-biofulcrumtabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-embarktags .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-pumastabs-2 .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-mediatabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-donatetabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-institutetabs .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-nomistabs .menu-item--active-trail a {border-width: 0;border-top-width: 8px;border-style: solid;border-image: linear-gradient(to right,#CC29A4,#F76912) 1 0;text-decoration: none;font-weight: bold;} #block-diversitytabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-peopletabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-ogawatabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-trainingtabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-biofulcrumtabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-embarktags.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-pumastabs-2.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-mediatabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-donatetabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-institutetabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a, #block-nomistabs.moby .menu-item--active-trail a {border-width: 1px;border-image: none;background-image: linear-gradient(to right,#CC29A4,#F76912);text-decoration: none;color: white;} .path-events-centering-health-justice-and-trans-well-being .col-sm-3 img {margin-left:-15px; margin-top:8px} @media (max-width: 767px) { .event #intro .col-sm-3, .event #intro .col-sm-9,.event #additional .col-sm-3, .event #additional .col-sm-9{padding-left:0; padding-bottom:20px} .event .subsec.sscontacts {margin-bottom:-27px} .path-events-centering-health-justice-and-trans-well-being .col-sm-9 {margin-left:-15px} } .path-news-heres-what-6-scientists-have-say-about-alzheimers-disease-research #block-showcase-lite-content{padding-top:0} .path-news-heres-what-6-scientists-have-say-about-alzheimers-disease-research .node__header{padding:0} .path-home #covidlink{display:none} .path-events-2022-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-ceremony #related-news{display:none} .path-events-2022-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-ceremony #block-ogawanews #related-news {display:block !important} .path-events-2022-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-ceremony #block-ogawanews {margin-top:-26px} .nonlink{text-decoration:none !important} img{height:auto} .path-people-catherine-tcheandjieu-gueliatcha .system-messages {margin-top:138px} .path-people-barbara-engelhardt .owl-nav,.path-people-karin-pelka .owl-nav,.path-people-vijay-ramani .owl-nav,.path-people-catherine-tcheandjieu-gueliatcha .owl-nav,.path-people-ryan-corces .owl-nav, .path-people-christina-theodoris .owl-nav,.path-people-michael-alexanian .owl-nav, .path-people-swetansu-hota .owl-nav, .path-people-julia-kaye .owl-nav{display:none} .path-people-barbara-engelhardt .cloned,.path-people-karin-pelka .cloned,.path-people-vijay-ramani .cloned, .path-people-catherine-tcheandjieu-gueliatcha .cloned,.path-people-ryan-corces .cloned,.path-people-christina-theodoris .cloned,.path-people-michael-alexanian .cloned, .path-people-swetansu-hota .cloned, .path-people-julia-kaye .cloned{visibility:hidden} .path-people-melanie-ott .to-hide a {display:none;} .path-people-melanie-ott a.inv-phone {display:block !important; margin-top:-37px} .investigator .labbies{display:none} .event .col-sm-3 img {max-width:100%} .owl-carousel,.owl-nav,.owl-stage-outer{outline:none} .path-events-hanukkah-celebration #event-partners {padding: 58px 0; background-image: linear-gradient(to right,#002A40,#00D4E6);} .path-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize .big-giant-head, .path-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-criteria .big-giant-head{background-position:center !important} .path-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize #second-blurb p:nth-of-type(2){display:none} #datalist .button{color:#002A40} .path-science-genomic-immunology-institute #dvision {display: block;} .path-science-genomic-immunology-institute #dvision p.small{padding:0 0 8px 0} .path-science-genomic-immunology-institute #dvision .container {margin-top:-7px} .path-science-genomic-immunology-institute #dvision .col-sm-4{padding-left:0} .event #additional th,#additional td{text-align:left} .event #additional th{background:#00D4E6} .event #additional {margin-bottom:54px;margin-top:-50px} .event .pullquote .col-sm-6{padding-left:0} .vilcek-partners{margin-top:34px} .vilcek-partners img{width:100%} .subsecdate div{margin-bottom:14px} .schmoo .labsite .button{font-size:14px} #block-views-block-user-admin-people-scientist h1.page-title{text-transform:uppercase} .path-people-christof-fellmann .pubitem div {font-size: 24px; margin-bottom:24px} #datalist .pubitem{font-size:24px} .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-story div,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-story div {width:100% !important; height:750px !important} .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-images,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-images{display:none} .path-people-ansuman-satpathy .sudonav {display:none} .path-form-ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize-nomination-2023 .big-giant-head {background-image: url(/sites/default/files/background-images/Web-Banner-2022-form.jpg);background-size: cover;background-repeat: no-repeat} .path-science-bioinformatics-core #publications {margin-top:-24px} @media (max-width: 1200px) { .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-story div,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-story div { height:700px !important} } @media (max-width: 991px) { .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-story div,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-story div { height:600px !important} .ssaudience,.sshashtag{font-size:20px} } @media (max-width: 670px) { .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-story div,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-story div { height:450px !important} } @media (max-width: 450px) { .path-news-highlights-gladstones-scientific-advisory-board-meeting .field--name-field-story div,.path-news-celebrating-2022-pumas-interns .field--name-field-story div { height:300px !important} } @media (min-width: 768px) { .event #intro .col-sm-3, .event #additional .col-sm-3 {padding-left:0 !important} .event #intro .col-sm-3 img, .event #additional .col-sm-3 img{padding-top:8px} .event .subsec.sscontacts {margin-bottom:-18px} } .view-display-id-confocal .views-row:nth-child(4) {visibility:hidden !important} .view-display-id-histology_widefield .views-row:nth-child(4), .view-display-id-histology_widefield .views-row:nth-child(5), .view-display-id-histology_widefield .views-row:nth-child(6){visibility:hidden !important} </style></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-covidpopup" class="clearfix block block-block-content block-block-content490fb1f3-3cf5-4925-9fcf-2a7afc83491f"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Congrats to Jennifer Doudna, winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry!</h2> <p><a class="button outline white" href="/news/gladstone-investigator-jennifer-doudna-wins-nobel-prize-chemistry">Read More</a></p> <style> .button.white:hover{background:#F76912} </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="off-canvas-wrapper"><div id="off-canvas"> <ul> <li class="menu-item--ec177805-cd19-4011-9d2a-730bffcb0770 menu-name--main"> <a href="/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2518">About</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--a58c8004-dbdd-473d-9c7d-45b933a4bedf menu-name--main"> <a href="/people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/29">People</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_66da21c-3e1d-4f62-bc37-4df0658a194e menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/investigators" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/investigators">Investigators</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_3dae56e-59f8-4793-9742-d7bf30652239 menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/leadership" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/leadership">Leadership</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--a2c0d309-5cc7-4a19-93af-4c2c573f44c5 menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/trustees" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3057">Trustees</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--fc5284a2-f8d3-47ee-bcc9-47c458cf95ba menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/foundation-board" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1066">Gladstone Foundation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--c7d4f8d5-0eab-435c-98ce-5c1189992ac9 menu-name--main"> <a href="/community-outreach" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1094">Outreach</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_53c6936-53b7-4b6c-83d8-01460add4c93 menu-name--main"> <a href="/our-core-values" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3277">Core Values</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_f286bab-4cfc-4de5-b061-388cd842ea72 menu-name--main"> <a href="/diversity-equity-and-inclusion" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3276">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--ebbe6ae0-c06b-4709-a6ab-ec04b12d6cae menu-name--main"> <a href="/about#finances" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2518">Finances</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--a51d07ea-dc8c-466a-830f-b776efe25b87 menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/foundation-board" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1066">Gladstone Foundation</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--fdda1b91-039b-465e-9b46-fbd2f96d51a4 menu-name--main"> <a href="/about/history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1065">History</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--e5031172-5afd-4fb1-af5c-af1d2b49b131 menu-name--main"> <a href="/ogawa-yamanaka-stem-cell-prize" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1601">Ogawa-Yamanaka Stem Cell Prize</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--d60b06e4-a8a5-4a8e-b051-4291971584d6 menu-name--main"> <a href="/about#contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2518">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--_fd8e091-0f6f-488c-8327-870a7667f9bb menu-name--main"> <a href="/science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2514">Science</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_f48d697-aaff-4bc8-9d5d-0bb99cb9250f menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/institutes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2535">Institutes</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_525724c-b24e-48a3-8ef6-b8974ac54ad8 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/cardiovascular-disease-institute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2510">Cardiovascular Disease Institute</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_04936dc-1ef2-4bb1-9e32-4a56a277e4b0 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/data-science-and-biotechnology-institute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2513">Data Science and Biotechnology Institute</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_5109bba-9b47-4bd4-99a5-11362904b343 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/genomic-immunology-institute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3081">Genomic Immunology Institute</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--bea93446-0f27-4042-a0af-30613390a301 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/neurological-disease-institute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2512">Neurological Disease Institute</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_cfc4794-e62c-40a8-91d0-09114051a52f menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/virology-institute" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2511">Virology Institute</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--a99233e4-460c-4de2-879e-0b8681c72d32 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science#centers" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2514">Centers</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_c639096-f891-4d1f-bdb3-36839a5e5f6e menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/cores" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2515">Core Facilities</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--c421a1c7-4eb1-4fe7-b6c2-4a6db85b43a9 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/assay-development-and-drug-discovery-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3279">Assay Development and Drug Discovery Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--d02302f5-3d39-4ed5-9ebf-d6838c46228a menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/behavioral-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3267">Behavioral core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_65ea1cd-f913-4854-b122-f8565166c03a menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/bioinformatics-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3268">Bioinformatics Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--f5b785c5-1195-4293-bbbe-9182a89cdd12 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/flow-cytometry-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3270">Flow Cytometry Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_0287e05-2beb-46e3-899a-7e9610d9d713 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/genomics-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3271">Genomics Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_3cd92df-90f8-4ea6-9ce8-c66919cc47cc menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/histology-and-light-microscopy-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3269">Histology and Light Microscopy Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_e89022b-0ae7-45d0-b775-67e2103df680 menu-name--main"> <a href="https://labs.gladstone.org/mass_spectrometry">Mass Spectrometry Facility</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_bf032e3-ab9d-4f74-b03c-3384cc7450fc menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/stem-cell-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3273">Stem Cell Core</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_4d75575-fd61-4e57-a9eb-250e2eca62a9 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/transgenic-gene-targeting-core" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3274">Transgenic Gene Targeting Core</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--_72262d3-f1a1-416a-91f7-6ed89b70f411 menu-name--main"> <a href="/people/investigators" data-drupal-link-system-path="people/investigators">Investigators</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_d607630-2961-4c68-ae9f-f8824648a1fc menu-name--main"> <a href="/industry-partners" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1596">Industry Partners</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_68c3c4f-a1c6-4a76-8faf-eadceaeff105 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/cure-network-ventures" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2081">Cure Network Ventures</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_ffb2c07-31a2-46af-8291-5c51aa650f22 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/licensing/old" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2080">Licensing</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--_f87c22d-7b75-4920-91b0-fe4e4d3648d2 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7870">Programs</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--c22b65a3-c9d1-4665-a259-0c3fc6136e28 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/biofulcrum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1096">BioFulcrum</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--d76a90e0-749a-40cc-885c-8020679b3432 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/biofulcrum-heart-failure-research-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1098">Heart Failure Research Program</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--dca3d1cc-bd03-46f4-8bd7-8c444e9792cd menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/biofulcrum-viral-and-infectious-disease-research-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1097">Viral and Infectious Disease Research Program</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--_3db7004-9d99-4ee8-8754-9bef04ea0606 menu-name--main"> <a href="/science/hope-collaboratory" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7869">Hope Collaboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--c4e8c4f7-8d5c-430b-a475-a02e5e0230fa menu-name--main"> <a href="/training" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1594">Training</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--ba2445f4-4738-44f3-92b4-154306766274 menu-name--main"> <a href="/training/academic-affairs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2516">Academic Affairs</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--ca6f017b-b12a-4c5f-b458-80b7544707c5 menu-name--main"> <a href="/living-in-san-francisco" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1079">Living and Working in San Francisco</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--d757d4e1-b20f-401a-bb06-cc6043f060e5 menu-name--main"> <a href="/training/postdocs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7604">Postdocs</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_0d70947-0c90-44b3-837d-be54dbd481e4 menu-name--main"> <a href="/training/graduate-students" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1081">Graduate Students</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_606964c-6173-446c-8e9a-e8c8287ae23b menu-name--main"> <a href="/cirm-scholars" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8481">CIRM Scholars Program</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_aa2371d-c1eb-4bcd-9a33-3487cff85166 menu-name--main"> <a href="https://gladstone.org/embark">Embark: Presidential Postdoctoral Program</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--a9681b53-5bf9-4121-83a4-55dc4b3ded2b menu-name--main"> <a href="/form/embark" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/gladstone_presidential_postdocto">Apply</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--_bacc720-5f94-478b-a9a2-f03120667d4d menu-name--main"> <a href="/nomis-gladstone-fellowship-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/8241">NOMIS–Gladstone Fellowship Program</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_bf33cd5-b878-4825-9439-dbdb7ec2e5c1 menu-name--main"> <a href="/training/pumas-summer-internship-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1605">PUMAS Summer Internship Program</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_efb5f93-215f-4d2a-945a-bab43e81dfd4 menu-name--main"> <a href="/pumas-application-instructions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3527">PUMAS Application Instructions</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--viewsnews-searchpage-1 menu-name--main"> <a href="/news" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> <ul> <li class="menu-item--_cd935ac-2aef-4f8b-8139-51f3c5b37a24 menu-name--main"> <a href="/media" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1070">For Media</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item--b916fc5c-0841-477f-b3ba-3c2810e6d392 menu-name--main"> <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu-item--_772936b-2355-40b4-b9af-5f9750726d1c menu-name--main"> <a href="/giving" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1083">Give</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/8527","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyFk12OIyEMhC8EzT6t9jbIgLvbG8AIQ37m9EsymYyCejUv4KrPSKgw8BeuNjIErAa-66XtlZ3DqnwEkZtxIPhVJxSBDeVLZw6DccVR1QSRPlDhtUXKJxNqLxCXp1QrtTMFMc_9pSlTU1ukbW-Or5O0lMdhNLOh0ujjCnlDK5CimfQCYTiK3drFQ0OLCSiagCv02FRFKZyFzmgT5m4mvbiKcCpM-edWz3ml7cc2abdx703Jzhc_ArWRGo5o_Wmr3HPQlEau2kX2p7mJuUmrULQPeWKeI1e9VbhNYKUrBr3j_UVnxLnBBYUTHhDRFPSv3_8lfw5JaVqw0noIhXv16MeolMpTxxbZQdTH8YwwngxlR2wy8dc0vtuPoXy3JI0Qdy2-coxKKJWItnDpxT4iF3PgKekF60qym1d15NlHJd0dnrjTwkKNOB_yxt3v42aIg9-kYfr8cmfCi5jHutz_55uROPSI_wCckHzY","theme":"showcase_lite","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"responsive_menu":{"position":"left","theme":"theme-dark","pagedim":"pagedim","modifyViewport":true,"use_bootstrap":false,"breakpoint":"all and (min-width: 992px)","drag":false},"ajaxLoader":{"markup":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022ajax-throbber sk-flow\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-flow-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-flow-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022sk-flow-dot\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E","hideAjaxMessage":false,"alwaysFullscreen":false,"throbberPosition":"body"},"fitvids":{"selectors":".node\r,.breaklft","custom_vendors":"","ignore_selectors":".twovids\r,.twovids-mobile"},"glightbox":{"openEffect":"zoom","closeEffect":"zoom","slideEffect":"slide","closeOnOutsideClick":true,"width":"98%","height":"98%","videosWidth":"","moreText":"","descPosition":"bottom","loop":false,"zoomable":true,"draggable":true,"preload":true,"autoplayVideos":false,"autofocusVideos":false},"simple_popup_blocks":{"settings":[]},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"0","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".header-author","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":null,"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"superfish":{"superfish-main":{"id":"superfish-main","sf":{"animation":{"opacity":"show","height":"show"},"speed":"fast","autoArrows":false,"dropShadows":false,"disableHI":true},"plugins":{"touchscreen":{"behaviour":0,"mode":"window_width","breakpoint":1200},"supposition":true,"supersubs":{"minWidth":14,"maxWidth":20}}}},"views":{"ajax_path":"\/views\/ajax","ajaxViews":{"views_dom_id:bdb89f2e92b4d9747c9a60f7be358ab32cf7c357d63d270b6f69834a004712a3":{"view_name":"news_search","view_display_id":"up_next","view_args":"238+240+80\/8527","view_path":"\/node\/8527","view_base_path":"news","view_dom_id":"bdb89f2e92b4d9747c9a60f7be358ab32cf7c357d63d270b6f69834a004712a3","pager_element":0}}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"00ee4b4e45ee0887fca65f62a578eaa0f7bd8270bfbecd3b33e3e3d874f97f13"}}</script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_once/lib/jquery_3.7.1_jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_once/lib/jquery-once-2.2.3/jquery.once.min.js?v=2.2.3"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="/libraries/mmenu/dist/mmenu.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/responsive_menu/js/responsive_menu.config.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/stable/js/ajax.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/ajax_loader/js/ajax-throbber.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/libraries/fitvids/jquery.fitvids.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/fitvids/js/init-fitvids.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/glightbox/js/glightbox.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/libraries/glightbox/dist/js/glightbox.min.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/glightbox/modules/glightbox_inline/js/glightbox_inline.js?sndln6"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/simple_popup_blocks/js/simple_popup_blocks.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="//use.fontawesome.com/f479fb1064.js"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/js/extlink.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/obfuscate_email/js/obfuscate_email.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/superfish.js?sndln6"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/sftouchscreen.js?sndln6"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supposition.js?sndln6"></script> <script src="/libraries/drupal-superfish/supersubs.js?sndln6"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/superfish/js/superfish.js?v=2.0"></script> <script src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/js/waypoints/jquery.waypoints.min.js?v=4.0.1"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/js/waypoints/shortcuts/sticky.min.js?v=4.0.1"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/js/init/waypoints-fixed-header-init.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/misc/jquery.form.js?v=4.3.0"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/base.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script src="/core/modules/views/js/ajax_view.js?v=10.3.9"></script> <script> (function(){ var s = document.createElement('script'); var h = document.querySelector('head') || document.body; s.src = 'https://acsbapp.com/apps/app/dist/js/app.js'; s.async = true; s.onload = function(){ acsbJS.init({ statementLink : '', footerHtml : '', hideMobile : false, hideTrigger : false, disableBgProcess : false, language : 'en', position : 'right', leadColor : '#146FF8', triggerColor : '#146FF8', triggerRadius : '50%', triggerPositionX : 'right', triggerPositionY : 'bottom', triggerIcon : 'people', triggerSize : 'bottom', triggerOffsetX : 20, triggerOffsetY : 20, mobile : { triggerSize : 'small', triggerPositionX : 'right', triggerPositionY : 'bottom', triggerOffsetX : 20, triggerOffsetY : 20, triggerRadius : '20' } }); }; h.appendChild(s); })();</script> </body> </html> <script> if (jQuery('#block-peopletabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-peopletabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-biofulcrumtabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-biofulcrumtabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-donatetabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-donatetabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-trainingtabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-trainingtabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-clvtabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-clvtabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-institutetabs ul').height() > 120) { jQuery('#block-institutetabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-institutetabs-2 ul').height() > 120) { jQuery('#block-institutetabs-2').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-diversitytabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-diversitytabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-pumastabs-2 ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-pumastabs-2').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#mini-core-tabs ul').height() > 40) { jQuery('#mini-core-tabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-mediatabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-mediatabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-ogawatabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-ogawatabs').addClass('moby'); } if (jQuery('#block-nomistabs ul').height() > 60) { jQuery('#block-nomistabs').addClass('moby'); } </script> <script> jQuery(function() { jQuery('body').removeClass('fade-out'); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery(".pocus").click(function(){ jQuery("#search-input").fadeToggle(); }); jQuery('.spb_overlay').click(function () { jQuery("#spb-block-covidpopup").hide(); jQuery('body').css('overflowY', 'auto'); }); jQuery("#block-covidpopup").click(function () { window.location = "/news/gladstone-investigator-jennifer-doudna-wins-nobel-prize-chemistry"; }); }); var specifiedElement = document.getElementById('search-input'); var specifiedElement2 = document.getElementById('block-searchicon'); //I'm using "click" but it works with any event document.addEventListener('click', function(event) { var isClickInside = specifiedElement.contains(event.target); var orClickInside = specifiedElement2.contains(event.target); if (!isClickInside && !orClickInside ) { jQuery("#search-input").fadeOut(); } }); </script> <script> if (matchMedia('only screen and (min-width: 992px)').matches) { // desktop // Initial state var scrollPos = 0; // adding scroll event window.addEventListener('scroll', function(){ if(jQuery(window).scrollTop() <= 0) { jQuery('body').removeClass('onscroll'); } // detects new state and compares it with the new one if ((document.body.getBoundingClientRect()).top > scrollPos) jQuery('body').addClass('onscroll'); else jQuery('body').removeClass('onscroll'); // saves the new position for iteration. scrollPos = (document.body.getBoundingClientRect()).top; if(jQuery(window).scrollTop() <= 0) { jQuery('body').removeClass('onscroll'); } }); } </script> <script> jQuery('.owl-carousel').find('.owl-prev').attr('role','button').attr('title','Previous'); jQuery('.owl-carousel').find('.owl-next').attr('role','button').attr('title','Next'); jQuery('.owl-carousel, .owl-prev, .owl-next').attr('tabindex','0'); </script> <script src="/themes/custom/showcase_lite/js/smartquotes/smartquotes.js"></script> <script>smartquotes();</script>

CINXE.COM

Building Better DNA Editors: Retrons Raise the Bar for Gene Research