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outside the dropdown document.addEventListener("click", function (event) { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll(".navbar-dropdown.show"); dropdowns.forEach((dropdown) => { // Close the dropdown if the clicked target is outside of the dropdown if (!dropdown.parentElement.contains(event.target)) { dropdown.classList.remove("show"); } }); }); </script> </header> <div class="container mx-auto pb-5 mt-32" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <h1 class="pagetitle" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb>The king lists of Eratosthenes</h1> </div> <div class="container mx-auto" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <div class="block md:grid grid-cols-12 gap-10 px-3" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <article class="text-base col-span-12 lg:col-span-9 z-10 max-w-3xl leading-7 font-normal" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <section class="page-content"> <div class="container">   <div><div class="pb-5"><div class="lead px-3">According to Syncellus, Apollodoros of Athens recorded a list of 38 Theban kings taken from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratosthenes" target="_blank">Eratosthenes of Cyrene</a>.</div> <p class="pt-3">Apollodoros and Eratosthenes are considered <i>pseudonymous</i>, meaning that this list was written by someone else using their names to lend authority to it. Some of the names listed can be found in Manetho and Herodotus, suggesting there might be a common, but corrupted, source behind the list, as some of the names have no similarity whatsoever with other known lists. As a chronological list it is useless.<br><br>This list is included here only as a curiosity. In all likelyhood, Eratosthenes was <u>not</u> the author of this list.</p> <blockquote> <p>The chronicler Apollodoros recorded another dynasty of 38 Egyptian kings, the Thebans, as they are called, who ruled for 1076 years. This dynasty commenced in AM 2900, and came to an end in AM 3045. The knowledge of these kings, he says, Eratosthenes received from Egyptian records and registers and at royal request he translated them into the Greek language, as follows (Adler & Tuffin: 128)<br><br>The reign of the thirty-eight so-called Theban kings in Egypt, whose names Eratosthenes took from the sacred scribes in Diospolis and deciphered from Egyptian into the Greek language, ceased at this point. Commencing in AM 2900, 124 years after the confusion of tongues, it ceased to exist in this year AM 3975. As to the tradition preserved by Apollodoros about the other fifty-three Theban kings who succeeded them, we deem it unnecessary to set forth their names here, since we have nothing to gain in citing them. For the names of their predecessors are also of no value.</p> <p class="text-right">Syncellus</p> </blockquote> <p class="px-3 pt-5">The list of king is as follows:</p></div></div> <div><table class="tbl w-5/6 mx-auto p-5"><tr><th>No.</th><th>Greek</th><th>Transliteration</th><th>Reign</th><th>Remarks (translation)</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td class="gr">Μηνης</td><td>Menes</td><td>62</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">Menes, the Theban of This, whose name means "eternal". He reigned for 62 years.</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td class="gr">Aθωθης</td><td>Athothes</td><td>59</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The second king of the Thebans was Athothes, the son of Menes, 59 years. His name means "born from Hermes".</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td class="gr">Aθωθης</td><td>Athothes</td><td>32</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The third king of the Thebans in Egypt had the same name Athothes, 32 years.</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td class="gr">Μιαβιης</td><td>Miabies</td><td>19</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The fourth king of the Thebans was Miabaes, son of Athothes, 19 years. His name means "friend of comrades".</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td class="gr">Πεμφως</td><td>Pemphos</td><td>18</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The fifth king of the Thebans was Pemphos, son of Athothes. His name is "descendant of Heracles". He reigned for 18 years.</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td class="gr">Μομχειρι</td><td>Momkheiri</td><td>79</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The sixth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Momkheiri the Memphite, reigning for 79 years. His name means "exceedingly large limbs of the man"; he was therefore irresistible.</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td class="gr">Στοιχος</td><td>Stoikhos</td><td>6</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The seventh king of the Thebans in Egypt was his son, Stoikhos; his name means "Ares the unfeeling". He reigned 6 years.</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td class="gr">Γοσορμιης</td><td>Gosormies</td><td>30</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The eight king of the Thebans in Egypt was Gosormies, his name is "all-demanding". He reigned 30 years</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td class="gr">Μαρης</td><td>Mares</td><td>26</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The ninth king of Thebes in Egypt was his son Mares; his name is "gift of the Sun". He reigned 26 years.</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td class="gr">Aνωυφις</td><td>Anouphis</td><td>20</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The tenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Anoyphis, his name is "revelling". He reigned 20 years.</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td class="gr">Σίριος</td><td>Sirios</td><td>18</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The eleventh king of the Thebans in Egypt was Sirios; his name is "son of the pupil of the eye", but according to others, "secure from enchantments". He reigned 18 years.</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td class="gr">Χνουβος η Γνευρος</td><td>Khnoubos e Gneuros</td><td>22</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twelfth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Khnoubos Gneuros, his name is "Khryses, son of Khryses". He reigned for 22 years.</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td class="gr">Ραυωσις</td><td>Rhauosis</td><td>13</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Rhauosis; his name is "arch-ruler". He reigned for 13 years.</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td class="gr">Βιυρης</td><td>Biures</td><td>10</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The fourteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Biyres. He reigned for 10 years.</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td class="gr">Σαωφις</td><td>Saophis</td><td>29</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The fifteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Saophis, "reveller", or, according others, "money-getter". He reigned for 29 years.</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td class="gr">Σαωφις β</td><td>Saophis II</td><td>27</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The sixteenth king of the Thebans was Saophis II. He reigned for 27 years.</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td class="gr">Μοσχερως</td><td>Moskheres</td><td>31</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The seventeenth king of the Thebans was Moskheres Heliodotos; <small>(Lit. Gift of Helios)</small>. He reigned for 31 years.</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td class="gr">Μοσθης</td><td>Mosthes</td><td>33</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The eighteenth king of the Thebans was Mosthes. He reigned for 33 years.</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td class="gr">Παμμης Aρχουδης</td><td>Pammes Arkhondes</td><td>35</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The nineteenth king of Thebes was Pammes Arkhondes. He reigned for 35 years.</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td class="gr">Aπαππους</td><td>Apappous</td><td>100</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twentieth king of the Thebans was Apappous the Most Great; it is said that he ruled for 100 years but for one hour.</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td class="gr">Εχεσκοσοκαρας</td><td>Ekheskosokaras</td><td>1</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-first king of the Thebans was Ekheskosokaras, for 1 year.</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td class="gr">Νιτωκρις</td><td>Nitokris</td><td>6</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-second ruler of the Thebans was Nitokris, a wife i place of her husband; her name is "Athena the Victorious". She reigned for 6 years.</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td class="gr">Μυρταιος Aμμωνοδοτος</td><td>Myrtaios Ammonodotos</td><td>22</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-third king of the Thebans was Myrtaios Ammonodotos <small>(Lit. Gift of Ammon)</small>, for 22 years.</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td class="gr">Oυωσιμαρης</td><td>Ouosimares</td><td>12</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-fourth king of the Thebans was Ouosimares 'the mighty'; his name is "Sun" Ruled for 12 years.</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td class="gr">Σεθινιλος</td><td>Sethinilos</td><td>8</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-fifth king of the Thebans was Sethinilos; his name is "having increased his inherited power", for 8 years.</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td class="gr">Σεμφρουκρατης</td><td>Semphroukrates</td><td>18</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-sixth king of the Thebans was Semphroukrates; his name is "Heracles Harpokrates". Reigned 18 years.</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td class="gr">Χουθηρ Ταυρος</td><td>Khouther Tauros</td><td>7</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-seventh king of the Thebans was Khouther Tauros, for 7 years.</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td class="gr">Μευρης Φιλοσκορος</td><td>Meures Philoskoros</td><td>12</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-eight king of the Thebans was Meures Philoskoros, for 12 years.</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td class="gr">Χωμαεφαιστος</td><td>Khomaephaestos</td><td>11</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The twenty-ninth king of the Thebans was Khomaephtha, "the world", Philephaistos", for 11 years.</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td class="gr">Σοικουνιος</td><td>Soikounios</td><td>60</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirtieth king of the Thebans was Soikounios, for 60 years.</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td class="gr">Πετεαθυρης</td><td>Peteathyres</td><td>16</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-first king of the Thebans was Peteathyres, for 16 years.</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td class="gr">Σταμμενεμης α</td><td>Stammenemes I</td><td>26</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-second king of the Thebans was Stammenemes, for 26 years. </td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td class="gr">Σταμμενεμης β</td><td>Stammenemes II</td><td>23</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-third king of the Thebans was Stammenemes II, for 23 years.</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td class="gr">Σιστοσιχερμης</td><td>Sistosikhermes</td><td>55</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-fourth king of the Thebans was Sistosikhermes Herkles 'the mighty', for 55 years.</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td class="gr">Μαρης</td><td>Mares</td><td>43</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-fifth king of the Thebans was Mares, for 43 years.</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td class="gr">Σιφθας</td><td>Siphthas</td><td>5</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-sixth king of the Thebans was Siphthas, also known as Hermes, 'son of Hephaistos', for 5 years.</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td class="gr">Φρουορω</td><td>Phruoro</td><td>5</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-seventh king of the Thebans was Phrouoro or "the Nile," for 5 years.</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td class="gr">Aμουθαρταιος</td><td>Amouthartaios</td><td>63</td><td class="text-sm font-sans">The thirty-eight king of the Thebans was Amourthartaios, for 63 years.</td></tr></table></div>  <h2 class="pt-3">Bibliography</h2> <ul class="content p3 font-sans text-base" id="biblio"><li><b>Adler, W.</b> and <b>Tuffin, P.</b>, 2002. <i>The Chronography of George Synkellos</i>. Oxford: 128, 135–36, 143–44, 147–48, 156–57, 178–79, 211–12.</li><li><b>Dindorf, L.</b> 1829. Georgius Syncellus, Nicephorus Cp. <i>Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae</i>, 22-23.</li><li><b>Meyer, Eduard.</b>, 1904. <i>Aegyptische Chronologie</i>, 99-103, (Berlin)</li><li><b>Mosshammer, A. A.</b>, 1984. <i>Georgius Syncellus: Ecloga Chronographica</i>. Leipzig: 103, 109, 115-16, 118-19, 125, 143, 172.</li><li><b>Müller, Karl.</b>, 1848. <i>Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum</i>, Vol. 2. Paris: 512-616</li><li><b>Waddell, W. G.</b>, 1964. <i>Manetho</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: 212-225.</li></ul> </div> </section> <div class="py-10 my-5 print:hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/svg/thoth.svg" loading="lazy" class="mx-auto h-28 opacity-50 transition duration-300 hover:opacity-100" alt="Thoth" title="You have reached the end of the page. This is Thoth, the wise God of writing and hieroglyphs." srcset=""> <p class="text-center uppercase font-sans text-xs pt-3"> <abbr class="text-stone-400 dark:text-shark-700 no-underline" title="Latin for: Nothing comes from nothing">Ex nihilo nihil fit</abbr> </p> </div> <div class="hidden print:block print:py-20 text-center"> <h3>Original text from:</h3><a href="https://pharaoh.se{currentPath}" class="font-mono text-sm text-black"><img src="/svg/pharaohse.svg" alt="Pharaoh.SE" class="w-60 mx-auto block">https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eratosthenes/</a> </div> </article> <aside class="hidden lg:grid lg:col-span-3 print:hidden border-s border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-900 dark:bg-darky" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="flex h-full px-5 overflow-y-auto sm:w-64 w-80 font-sans" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <nav class="-mx-3 space-y-8 pb-36" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="pharaohs" class="px-3 text-base font-bold 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