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<span>List of beyliks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_beyliks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of beyliks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_beyliks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beyliks_founded_after_Manzikert_(1071)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beyliks_founded_after_Manzikert_(1071)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beyliks founded after Manzikert (1071)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beyliks_founded_after_Manzikert_(1071)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beyliks_founded_after_Köse_Dağ_(1243)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beyliks_founded_after_Köse_Dağ_(1243)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Beyliks founded after Köse Dağ (1243)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beyliks_founded_after_Köse_Dağ_(1243)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anatolian beyliks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Beylik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%84" title="إمارات الأناضول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارات الأناضول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_b%C9%99ylikl%C9%99ri" title="Anadolu bəylikləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anadolu bəylikləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آنادولو بی‌لیکلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنادولو بی‌لیکلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="আনাতোলীয় বেয়লিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আনাতোলীয় বেয়লিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Бейлік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бейлік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Малоазийски бейлици – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малоазийски бейлици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Beylik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilicats_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Beilicats d'Anatòlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Beilicats d'Anatòlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolsk%C3%A9_bejliky" title="Anatolské bejliky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anatolské bejliky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beylik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Τουρκομανικά Εμιράτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκομανικά Εμιράτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylicatos_de_Anatolia" title="Beylicatos de Anatolia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Beylicatos de Anatolia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بیگ‌نشین‌های آناتولیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیگ‌نشین‌های آناتولیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_des_beylicats" title="Époque des beylicats – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque des beylicats" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadipaten_Anatolia" title="Kadipaten Anatolia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kadipaten Anatolia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilicati_turchi_d%27Anatolia" title="Beilicati turchi d'Anatolia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Beilicati turchi d'Anatolia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="הנסיכויות הבייליקיות באנטוליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנסיכויות הבייליקיות באנטוליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="ბეილიქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეილიქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Анадолы бейліктері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Анадолы бейліктері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Beylik" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolijos_beilikai" title="Anatolijos beilikai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anatolijos beilikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat%C3%B3liai_bejek_list%C3%A1ja" title="Anatóliai bejek listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anatóliai bejek listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Анадолски бејлици – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Анадолски бејлици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik_Anatolia" title="Beylik Anatolia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Beylik Anatolia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF" title="ベイリク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベイリク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_anatoliske_beyliker" title="De anatoliske beyliker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De anatoliske beyliker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilhique" title="Beilhique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Beilhique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бейлик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейлик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejll%C3%ABku" title="Bejllëku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bejllëku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beylik" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaaradaha_anaadool" title="Imaaradaha anaadool – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Imaaradaha anaadool" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_beylikleri" title="Anadolu beylikleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anadolu beylikleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бейлик – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бейлик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%B8%E8%B4%9D%E4%BC%8A%E5%9B%BD" title="安纳托利亚诸贝伊国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安纳托利亚诸贝伊国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical, small Turkic principalities in Anatolia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Special:EditPage/Anatolian beyliks">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22">"Anatolian beyliks"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Anatolian+beyliks%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg/350px-Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg/525px-Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg/700px-Beylicats_d%25u2019Anatolie_vers_1330-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>A map of independent Turkic beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Anatolian beyliks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Anadolu beylikleri</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <i>Tavâif-i mülûk</i>, <i>Beylik</i>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Turkish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[bejlic]</a></span>) were small <a href="/wiki/Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Principalities">principalities</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty kingdoms">petty kingdoms</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> governed by <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey"><i>beys</i></a>, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more extensive period of establishment took place as a result of the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm">Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm</a> in the latter half of the 13th century. </p><p>One of the <i>beyliks</i>, that of the <a href="/wiki/Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Osmanoğlu family"><i>Osmanoğlu</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayı tribe">Kayı</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a>, from its capital in <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> completed its incorporation of the other <i>beyliks</i> to form the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> by the late 15th century. </p><p>The word <i>beylik</i> denotes a territory under the jurisdiction of a <i>bey</i>, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> in other parts of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_(1375).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/330px-Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/495px-Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg/660px-Anatolian_Beyliks_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_%281375%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5452" data-file-height="3899" /></a><figcaption>Anatolian Beyliks in the <i><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Atlas" title="Catalan Atlas">Catalan Atlas</a></i> (1375). The caption next to the seated ruler reads: "Asia Minor also called Turkey, where there are many cities and castles." The map is shown upside down.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the 1071 <a href="/wiki/Seljuqs" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuqs">Seljuk</a> victory over the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a> and the subsequent conquest of Anatolia, <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turkic</a> clans began settling in present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a>'s central power established in <a href="/wiki/Konya#History" title="Konya">Konya</a> was largely as a result of using these clans under appointed <i>beys</i> called <i><a href="/wiki/U%C3%A7_bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Uç bey">uç bey</a></i> or <i>uj begi</i> (especially in border areas to ensure safety against the Byzantines); <i>uç</i> is a Turkish term that denotes a border or frontier territory equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Marches" class="mw-redirect" title="Marches">marches</a>, with the similar term <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a> used in other parts of Europe. These clans, led by <i>beys</i>, would receive military and financial support from the Seljuks in return for their fealty. </p><p>However, <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe" title="Mongol invasion of Europe">Mongol invasions</a> from the East saw a decline in Seljuk power which gradually deteriorated. The <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> commanders in Anatolia then gained strength and authority which encouraged the <i><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">beys</a></i>, who had until then been <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>, to declare sovereignty over their dominions. With the fall of Seljuk centralized power in Konya, many <i>beys</i> joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg"><i>atabegs</i></a> (former Seljuk leaders), and other religious Muslim leaders, in addition to employing <a href="/wiki/Ghazw" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazw">Ghazi warriors</a> from Persia and Turkestan, who also fled the Mongols. The ghazis fought under the inspiration of either a <a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">mullah</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or a general, trying to assert Islamic power, with the attacks on <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> territory further expanding the power sphere of the beyliks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> weakened, their cities in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> became gradually less and less able to resist these attacks, and many Turks began to settle in western parts of Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many more beyliks were founded in these newly conquered realms, who engaged in power struggles with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, as well as between each other. </p><p>By 1300, the Turks had reached the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> coastline, held momentarily two centuries before. In the beginning, the most powerful states were the <a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a> in the central area. The Beylik of <a href="/wiki/Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Osmanoğlu family"><i>Osmanoğlu</i></a>, who would later go on to become the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, was situated in the northwest, around <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6%C4%9F%C3%BCt" title="Söğüt">Söğüt</a>, and was at that stage relatively small and possessed modest military power. Along the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean coast</a>, from North to South, were the principalities of <a href="/wiki/Karasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Karasids">Karasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarukhanids" title="Sarukhanids">Saruhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Mente%C5%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Menteşe">Menteşe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candar dynasty</a> (later also known as Isfendiyar) reigned in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> region around the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Province" title="Kastamonu Province">Kastamonu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinop_Province" title="Sinop Province">Sinop</a> in what was the Beylik of Candar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;border-color:lightgrey"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anatolian beyliks is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Anatolian beyliks is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/300px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/450px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/600px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div id="annotation_5x70" style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:70px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_Rectangle_(plain).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/30px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/45px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png/60px-Long_Rectangle_%28plain%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div><div id="annotation_270x05" style="position:absolute; left:270px; top:05px; font-size:10px; font-weight:bold; font-size:10; line-height:12px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/1300_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="1300 CE"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">1300</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_105x65" style="position:absolute; left:105px; top:65px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">CHAGATAI KHANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_60x40" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:40px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GOLDEN HORDE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_210x75" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:75px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">EMPIRE<br />OF THE<br />GREAT KHAN</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_60x90" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:90px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">ILKHANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_46x68" style="position:absolute; left:46px; top:68px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GEORGIA</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_125x105" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:105px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">DELHI<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_135x133" style="position:absolute; left:135px; top:133px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Seuna_(Yadava)_dynasty" title="Seuna (Yadava) dynasty"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">YADAVAS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_225x15" style="position:absolute; left:225px; top:15px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Tungus</i></span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_193x125" style="position:absolute; left:193px; top:125px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Myinsaing_Kingdom" title="Myinsaing Kingdom"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MYIN-<br />SAING</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_210x145" style="position:absolute; left:210px; top:145px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">KHMER</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_7x75" style="position:absolute; left:7px; top:75px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">BEYLIKS</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_5x95" style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:95px; font-size:7px; font-weight:bold; font-size:7; line-height:9px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MAMLUK<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_280x74" style="position:absolute; left:280px; top:74px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">GO-<br />RYEO</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_205x165" style="position:absolute; left:205px; top:165px; font-size:6px; font-weight:bold; font-size:6; line-height:8px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MAJAPAHIT</span></a></span></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" title="File:Map Asia physical (continental).png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The Anatolian Beyliks and main contemporary Asian polities circa 1300. A small <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> still existed as a vassal of the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>.</div></div></div> <p>Under its eponymous founder, <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a>, the Beylik of Osman expanded at Byzantine expense westwards and southwards of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a> in the first decades of the 14th century. With their annexation of the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Karasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Karasi">Beylik of Karasi</a> and their advance into <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Rumelia</a> starting in 1354, they soon gained strength to emerge as the principal rivals of the <a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Beylik of Karaman</a>, who at the time were thought to be the strongest. Towards the end of the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottomans</a> advanced further into <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> either through the acquisition of towns or by cementing marriage alliances. Meanwhile, wary of an increase in Ottoman regional power, the Karamanids repeatedly engaged in conflict with the Ottomans with the help of other beyliks, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a> ("White Sheep Turkomans"), <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Hungarians</a>, failing and losing power every time. By the close of the century, the early Ottoman leaders had conquered large parts of land from Karamanids and other less prominent beyliks. These had a short respite when their territories were restored to them after the Ottoman defeat suffered against <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a> in 1402 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a>. </p><p>But the Ottoman state quickly collected itself under <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>, who reincorporated most of these beyliks into Ottoman territory in a period of about 25 years. The final blow to the <a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Beylik of Karaman</a> was struck by <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, who conquered their lands and re-assured a homogeneous rule in Anatolia. The further steps towards a single rule by the Ottomans were taken by <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> who conquered territories of the <a href="/wiki/Ramadanid_Emirate" title="Ramadanid Emirate">Beylik of Ramadan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Dulkadir" title="Beylik of Dulkadir">Beylik of Dulkadir</a> in 1515 during his campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a>, and his son <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_the_Magnificent" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman the Magnificent">Süleyman the Magnificent</a> who more or less completely united the present territories of Turkey (and much more) in his 1534 campaign. Many of the former Anatolian beyliks subsequently became the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire">administrative subdivisions in the Ottoman Empire</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_beyliks">List of beyliks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of beyliks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beyliks_founded_after_Manzikert_(1071)"><span id="Beyliks_founded_after_Manzikert_.281071.29"></span>Beyliks founded after Manzikert (1071)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beyliks founded after Manzikert (1071)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the list below, only the beyliks that were founded immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a> in 1071, mostly situated towards eastern Anatolia, and who were vassals (or sometimes at war) of the centralized power of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> are listed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaddadid.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shaddadid.gif/330px-Shaddadid.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shaddadid.gif/495px-Shaddadid.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shaddadid.gif/660px-Shaddadid.gif 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Anatolian beyliks in the 11th-12th centuries</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Founded after the Battle of Manzikert </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Beylik's name </th> <th>Capital city </th> <th>Duration of rule </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tzachas" title="Tzachas">Beylik of Smyrna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> </td> <td>1081–1098 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shah-Armens" title="Shah-Armens">Shah-Armens</a> (<i>also called Ahlatshahs</i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a> </td> <td>1110–1207 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td><a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a> (three branches) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasankeyf" title="Hasankeyf">Hasankeyf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harput" class="mw-redirect" title="Harput">Harput</a> </td> <td>1102–1409 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danishmend" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmend">Danishmend</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> </td> <td>1071–1178 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Dilma%C3%A7" title="Beylik of Dilmaç">Dilmaçoğlu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bitlis" title="Bitlis">Bitlis</a> </td> <td>1085–1398 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_%C4%B0nal" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of İnal">İnaloğlu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diyarbekir" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbekir">Diyarbekir</a> </td> <td>1095–1183 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mengujekids" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengujekids">Mengujekids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Divriği">Divriği</a> </td> <td>1072–1277 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saltukids" title="Saltukids">Saltukids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> </td> <td>1072–1202 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_%C3%87ubuko%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" title="Beylik of Çubukoğulları">Çubukoğulları</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harput" class="mw-redirect" title="Harput">Harput</a> </td> <td>1085–1112 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tanr%C4%B1bermi%C5%9F" title="Beylik of Tanrıbermiş">Beylik of Tanrıbermiş</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Alaşehir</a> </td> <td>1071–1098 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beyliks_founded_after_Köse_Dağ_(1243)"><span id="Beyliks_founded_after_K.C3.B6se_Da.C4.9F_.281243.29"></span>Beyliks founded after Köse Dağ (1243)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beyliks founded after Köse Dağ (1243)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A second group beyliks emerged as a result of the weakening of this central state under the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> blow with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6se_Da%C4%9F" title="Battle of Köse Dağ">Battle of Köse Dağ</a> in 1243, which had the indirect consequence of extending <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> territory in Western Anatolia toward the end of the 13th century. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Founded after the Battle of Köse Dağ </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Beylik's name </th> <th>Capital city </th> <th>Duration of rule </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahiler">Ahiler</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> </td> <td>c. 1290–1362 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaiye" title="Alaiye">Alaiye</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Alanya</a> </td> <td>1293–1471 as vassals to <a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydinids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birgi" title="Birgi">Birgi</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Ayaslu%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayasluğ">Ayasluğ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a>) </td> <td>1300–1425 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beyliks_of_Canik" title="Beyliks of Canik">Canik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a> and the vicinity </td> <td>?–1460 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candar</a> (later also known as Beylik of Isfendiyar) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eflani" title="Eflani">Eflani</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a> </td> <td>1291–1461 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chobanids_(beylik)" title="Chobanids (beylik)">Chobanids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a> (preceding the <a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candars</a>) </td> <td>1211–1309 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dulkadirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulkadirids">Dulkadirids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elbistan" title="Elbistan">Elbistan</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Maraş</a> </td> <td>1348–1522 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eretnids" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretnids">Eretnids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a> </td> <td>1335–1390 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Erzincan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Erzincan">Erzincan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a> </td> <td>1379–1410 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eshrefids" title="Eshrefids">Eshrefids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Beyşehir">Beyşehir</a> </td> <td>1285–1326 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya" title="Kütahya">Kütahya</a> </td> <td>1300–1429 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Firdir" title="Eğirdir">Eğirdir</a> </td> <td>1300–1391 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> (replacing the <a href="/wiki/Eretnids" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretnids">Eretnids</a>) </td> <td>1381–1398 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larende" class="mw-redirect" title="Larende">Larende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a>) </td> <td>1250–1487 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Karasids">Karasids</a>/<a href="/wiki/Karas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Karası">Karası</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Bergama" title="Bergama">Bergama</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a> </td> <td>1296–1357 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_L%C3%A2dik" title="Beylik of Lâdik">Ladik</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Inanjids" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanjids">Inanjids</a>, subordinate to Sahib Ataids and Germiyanids) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Denizli</a> </td> <td>1262–1391 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Mente%C5%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Menteşe">Menteşe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milas" title="Milas">Milas</a> </td> <td>1261–1424 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Ottomanids</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6%C4%9F%C3%BCt" title="Söğüt">Söğüt</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimetoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimetoka">Dimetoka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> </td> <td>1299–1922 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu" title="Pervâneoğlu">Pervâneid</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a> </td> <td>1277–1322 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramadanid_Emirate" title="Ramadanid Emirate">Ramadanids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> </td> <td>1352–1608 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Ataids" title="Sahib Ataids">Sahib Ataids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar" title="Afyonkarahisar">Afyonkarahisar</a> </td> <td>1275–1341 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarukhanids" title="Sarukhanids">Sarukhanids</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manisa" title="Manisa">Manisa</a> </td> <td>1300–1410 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a> (issued from the <a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidids</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Korkuteli" title="Korkuteli">Korkuteli</a> </td> <td>1321–1423 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Combined with the Seljuks and the migration of Turkic tribes into the Anatolian mainland, the Anatolian beyliks spread the Turkic language and Islamic culture in Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-Encycl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encycl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the Seljuks, whose administrative language was <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, the Anatolian beyliks adopted spoken Turkic as their formal literary language.<sup id="cite_ref-Encycl_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encycl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish">Turkish</a> language thus achieved widespread use in these principalities and reached its highest sophistication during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-Encycl_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encycl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of their limited sources and the political climate of their era, art during the Anatolian beyliks flourished, probably forming the basis for <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Culture of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman art</a>. Although the artistic style of the Anatolian beyliks can be considered as representatives of a transition period between <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a> and Ottomans, new trends were also acquired. Especially wandering traditional crafts artists and architects helped spread these new trends and localized styles to several beyliks across Anatolia, which resulted in innovative and original works particularly in architecture. Wood and stone carving, clay tiles and other similar decorative arts of the Seljuks were still used, however with the influence of the pursuit for new spaces and its reflections in other arts as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg/225px-%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg/338px-%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg/450px-%C4%B0sa_Bey_Camii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3580" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_Bey_Mosque" title="İsa Bey Mosque">İsa Bey Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a> near <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, built by the Beylik of <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aydınids">Aydınids</a> in 1375.</figcaption></figure><p>Some representative examples of the Anatolian beyliks' architecture are <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lyas_Bey_Mosque" title="İlyas Bey Mosque">İlyas Bey Mosque</a> at <a href="/wiki/Balat,_Didim" title="Balat, Didim">Balat</a> (Milet) (1404), <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sabey_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="İsabey Mosque">İsabey Mosque</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a> (1375), <i>Ulucami Mosque</i> at <a href="/wiki/Birgi" title="Birgi">Birgi</a> (1312) built by the Aydın beylik. The above mosques, although being successors of Seljuq architecture, differ greatly in the increase of decorations in the interior and exterior spaces and the different placement of the <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarets</a>. Karaman beylik also left noteworthy architectural works, such as <i>Ulucami Mosque</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ermenek" title="Ermenek">Ermenek</a> (1302), <i>Hatuniye <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">Madrassa</a></i> in Karaman (1382), <i>Akmedrese Madrassa</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde</a> (1409), all of which respect a new style that considers and incorporates the exterior surroundings also. One of the first examples of the Anatolian beylik architecture hinting at the forming of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman architecture</a> that aims at uniting the interior space beneath one big <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> and forming a <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monumental</a> architectural structure is <i>Ulucami Mosque</i> in <a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa</a> (1374) built by the Saruhan beylik. Also worth noting is the increase in constructions of madrassas that points at the beyliks' attaching greater importance to sciences. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Turkey" title="Category:History of Turkey">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History of <span class="fn org label">Turkey</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;padding-bottom:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkey in Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, 1921"><img alt="Turkey in Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, 1921" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/250px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/375px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg/500px-W._%26_A.K._Johnston._Asia_Minor._1911_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4676" data-file-height="3626" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li></ul></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia#Paleolithic" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Palaeolithic Anatolia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 500,000– <br />10,000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia#Mesolithic" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Mesolithic Anatolia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> c. 11,000– <br />9,000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia#Neolithic" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Neolithic Anatolia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> c. 8,000– <br />5,500 BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 3000–700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hattians" title="Hattians">Hattians</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 2500–2000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 2400–2150 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luwians" title="Luwians">Luwians</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 2300–1400 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1950–1750 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kussara" title="Kussara">Kussara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1780–1680 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans (Homer)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1700–1300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kizzuwatna" title="Kizzuwatna">Kizzuwatna</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1650–1450 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1680–1220 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1500–1320 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1500–1300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa-Azzi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1500–1290 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1450–350 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Assuwa" title="Assuwa">Assuwa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1300–1250 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Neo-Hittites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1150–547 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tuwanuwa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1000–700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1000–545 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 859–595/585 BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Neo-Hittites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1200–700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1150–547 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris </a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1100–560 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis </a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1000–560 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tuwanuwa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1000–700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 1000–545 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 859–595/585 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 678–549 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 685–547 BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical Age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thracians#Classical_period" title="Thracians">Classical Thrace</a></li></ul></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 559–331 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Kingdom of Alexander the Great</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 334–301 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Kingdom of Cappadocia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 322–130 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 306–168 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 305–64 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 305–30 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Kingdom of Pontus</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 302–64 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 297–74 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Attalid_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid kingdom">Attalid kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 282–129 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 281–64 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 247 BC–224 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 190 BC–428 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 133–27 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Commagene" title="Commagene">Commagene</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 163 BC–72 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 133 BC-27 BC–330 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"> 224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval Age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Anatolia">Medieval Anatolia</a></li></ul></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (637–656)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk State</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1037–1194)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1071–1178)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1077–1307)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1078–1375)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anatolian beyliks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1081–1423)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1098–1150)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1101–1409)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1204–1461)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1204–1261)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1250–1487)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1256–1335)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1375–1468)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Ak Koyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1378–1501)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Era</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Ottoman Empire">Periods of Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1299–1453)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1453–1566)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1566–1703)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1703–1789)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1828%E2%80%931908)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908)">Decline and modernization</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1789–1908)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Defeat_and_dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1908%E2%80%931922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922)">Defeat and dissolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1908–1922)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Periods of Turkey</a></li></ul></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1919–1922)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Provisional government</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1920–1923)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1923–1930)<br />(1930–1945)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;font-size:88%;"> (1945–present)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of Turkey">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Turkey">LGBT history</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Anatolian_history" title="Timeline of Anatolian history">Timeline</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/16px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3jZGVstzMhQC&dq=beylik&pg=RA2-PA105">(limited preview)</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Hedi_Cherif_-_Daniel_Panzac1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mohamed Hedi Cherif - Daniel Panzac (1995). <i>Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960)</i> (in French). Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6831-799-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-6831-799-7"><bdi>90-6831-799-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+%C3%A9conomique+et+sociale+de+l%27Empire+ottoman+et+de+la+Turquie+%281326-1960%29&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=90-6831-799-7&rft.au=Mohamed+Hedi+Cherif+-+Daniel+Panzac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatolian+beyliks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cresquesproject.net/catalan-atlas-legends/panel-iv">"The Cresques Project - Panel IV"</a>. <i>www.cresquesproject.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cresquesproject.net&rft.atitle=The+Cresques+Project+-+Panel+IV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cresquesproject.net%2Fcatalan-atlas-legends%2Fpanel-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatolian+beyliks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForêtKaplony2008" class="citation book cs1">Forêt, Philippe; Kaplony, Andreas (30 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rw6wCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA194"><i>The Journey of Maps and Images on the Silk Road</i></a>. BRILL. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2497-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2497-0"><bdi>978-90-474-2497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journey+of+Maps+and+Images+on+the+Silk+Road&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008-11-30&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2497-0&rft.aulast=For%C3%AAt&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.au=Kaplony%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRw6wCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatolian+beyliks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This process is described in the pioneering work, Speros Vryonis, <i>The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor: and the process of Islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century</i> (Berkeley: University of California, 1971), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1597404761" title="Special:BookSources/978-1597404761">978-1597404761</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_Fleet1999" class="citation book cs1">Kate Fleet (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cbj2G4l7elYC&dq=beylik&pg=PA5"><i>European and Islamic Trade in the Early Ottoman State: The Merchants of Genoa and Turkey</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64221-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64221-3"><bdi>0-521-64221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+and+Islamic+Trade+in+the+Early+Ottoman+State%3A+The+Merchants+of+Genoa+and+Turkey&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-64221-3&rft.au=Kate+Fleet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCbj2G4l7elYC%26dq%3Dbeylik%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatolian+beyliks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ahiler Beylik is sometimes considered one of the Anatolian beyliks but was a mercantile <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> rather than a monarchical dynasty. See <a href="/wiki/Ahiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahiler">Ahiler</a> for more information.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encycl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encycl_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encycl_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encycl_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire</i>, Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters, page 40</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_beyliks&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehmet_Fuat_Köprülü_(translated_by_Gary_Leiser)1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Fuat_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Mehmet Fuat Köprülü">Mehmet Fuat Köprülü</a> (translated by Gary Leiser) (1992). <i>The Origins of the Ottoman Empire</i>. <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-0819-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-0819-1"><bdi>0-7914-0819-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7914-0819-1&rft.au=Mehmet+Fuat+K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC+%28translated+by+Gary+Leiser%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatolian+beyliks" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-WaKed2iNgC&q=germiyanid&pg=PA36">(limited preview)</a></li> <li>Westermann <i>Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte</i> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_topics" title="Template:Turkic topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_topics" title="Template talk:Turkic topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Turkic_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_languages" title="Altai languages">Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Cuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyü Gïrgïs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish">Karamanli Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language">Khazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language">Pecheneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Sakha/Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Alphabets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alphabets_used_by_Turkic_languages" title="List of alphabets used by Turkic languages">Alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Common Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">China</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">China</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baraba_Tatars" title="Baraba Tatars">Baraba Tatars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Turks">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetia (Ahiska)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Yemen" title="Turks in Yemen">Yemen</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> <ul><li>in <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbeks in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a> (Sakha)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extinct_Turkic_groups" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27o-sa" title="K'o-sa">K'o-sa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzes_(people)" title="Uzes (people)">Uzes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadid" title="Jadid">Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Turkey)" title="Idealism (Turkey)">Turkesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples#History" title="Turkic peoples">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Timeline of the Göktürks">Timeline of the Göktürks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Turkic_peoples_(500%E2%80%931300)" title="Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)">Timeline 500–1300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otuken" class="mw-redirect" title="Otuken">Otuken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_tribal_confederations" title="Turkic tribal confederations">Oğuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauzia" title="Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language">Proto-Turkic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkology" title="Turkology">Turkology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism#Central_Asia" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiyy_Faith" title="Aiyy Faith">Aiyy Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Asia" title="Islam in Central Asia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyya" title="Batiniyya">Batiniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayramiye" title="Bayramiye">Bayramiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_Christians" title="Turkic Christians">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifa%CA%BDi" title="Rifaʽi">Rifaʽi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safaviyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahediyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Traditional sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyz_kuu" title="Kyz kuu">Kyz kuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Kokpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigit" title="Jigit">Jigit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture" title="International Organization of Turkic Culture">International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURKPA" title="TURKPA">Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_Academy" title="Turkic Academy">Turkic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Turks_Qurultai" title="World Turks Qurultai">World Turks Qurultai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:paleturquoise; color:inherit;"><div><sup>1</sup>These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.<br /> <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">State with limited international recognition</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkey_topics" title="Template talk:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Ancient and Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuks</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beyliks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anatolian beyliks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquest of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Ottoman Old Regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip period">Tulip era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">Second Constitutional Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey">Proclamation of the republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Economic history of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Regions</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Turkey" title="Climate change in Turkey">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Turkey" title="Air pollution in Turkey">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Waste management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_vegetation_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora and vegetation of Turkey">Flora and vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Turkey" title="Geology of Turkey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Turkey" title="List of mountains in Turkey">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Turkey" title="List of national parks of Turkey">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Turkey" title="Wildlife of Turkey">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes" title="Court of Jurisdictional Disputes">Court of Jurisdictional Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey" title="Parliamentary elections in Turkey">Parliamentary elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">Intelligence Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">The constitutional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Turkey" title="Banking in Turkey">Banking and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Turkey" title="Defense industry of Turkey">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Turkey" title="Coal in Turkey">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_in_Turkey" title="Gas in Turkey">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Turkey" title="Oil in Turkey">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Renewables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey" title="Free trade agreements of Turkey">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Turkey" title="Science and technology in Turkey">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Turkey" title="Transport in Turkey">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Turkey" title="Aviation in Turkey">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey" title="List of largest cities and towns in Turkey">Cities and towns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Turkey" title="Immigration to Turkey">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Turkey" title="Health care in Turkey">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_people" title="List of Turkish people">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Turkey" title="Crime in Turkey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Turkey" title="Corruption in Turkey">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in Turkey">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Turkey" title="Women in Turkey">Women in Turkey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rug" title="Anatolian rug">Carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Turkey" title="List of festivals in Turkey">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_dance" title="Turkish folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folklore" title="Turkish folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_illumination" title="Ottoman illumination">Illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Turkey" title="List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Turkey">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Turkey" title="Mass media in Turkey">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Turkey" title="List of newspapers in Turkey">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Turkey" title="List of radio stations in Turkey">Radio stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Turkish_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Modern Turkish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznik_pottery" title="Iznik pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Turkey" title="Sport in Turkey">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Turkey" title="Football in Turkey">Football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Turkey" title="Theatre of Turkey">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Turkey" title="Video games in Turkey">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey">World heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkey">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Project page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Turkey" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Turkey">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Turkey" title="Outline of Turkey">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_and_Turkish_beyliks" title="Template:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Turkish beyliks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_and_Turkish_beyliks" title="Template talk:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Turkish beyliks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_and_Turkish_beyliks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Turkish beyliks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qutalmish" title="Qutalmish">Qutalmish</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ibn_Qutulmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman ibn Qutulmish">Suleyman I</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">İznik</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> (1175)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a> (1178)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Alanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ibn_Qutulmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman ibn Qutulmish">Suleyman I</a> (1077–1086)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a> (1092–1107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_(R%C3%BBm)" title="Malik Shah (Rûm)">Melikshah</a> (1107–1116)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_I" title="Mesud I">Mesud I</a> (1116–1156)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_II" title="Kilij Arslan II">Kilij Arslan II</a> (1156–1192)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a> (1192–1196)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_(R%C3%BBm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman II (Rûm)">Süleymanshah II</a> (1196–1204)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_III" title="Kilij Arslan III">Kilij Arslan III</a> (1204–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a> (<i>2nd reign</i>) (1205–1211)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_I" title="Kaykaus I">Kaykaus I</a> (1211–1220)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Kayqubad I</a> (1220–1237)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_II" title="Kaykhusraw II">Kaykhusraw II</a> (1237–1246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_II" title="Kaykaus II">Kaykaus II</a> (1246–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_IV" title="Kilij Arslan IV">Kilij Arslan IV</a> (1248–1265)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_II" title="Kayqubad II">Kayqubad II</a> (1249–1257)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_III" title="Kaykhusraw III">Kaykhusraw III</a> (1265–1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> (1282–1284)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> (1284)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> (<i>2nd reign</i>) (1284–1293)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> (<i>2nd reign</i>) (1293–1294)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> (<i>3rd reign</i>) (1294–1301)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> (<i>3rd reign</i>) (1301–1303)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> (<i>4th reign</i>) (1303–1307)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesud_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesud III (page does not exist)">Mesud III</a> (1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum">Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and major battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Byzantine–Seljuk wars">Byzantine–Seljuk wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea" title="Siege of Nicaea">Siege of Nicaea</a> (1097)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)">Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1147)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)">Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Cadmus" title="Battle of Mount Cadmus">Battle of Mount Cadmus</a> (1148)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myriokephalon" title="Battle of Myriokephalon">Battle of Myriokephalon</a> (1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iconium_(1190)" title="Battle of Iconium (1190)">Battle of Iconium (1190)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6se_Da%C4%9F" title="Battle of Köse Dağ">Battle of Köse Dağ</a> (1243)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elbistan" title="Battle of Elbistan">Battle of Elbistan</a> (1277)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers and scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli" title="Haji Bektash Veli">Haji Bektash Veli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_Iraqi" title="Fakhr al-Din Iraqi">Fakhr al-Din Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_Urmavi" title="Siraj al-Din Urmavi">Siraj al-Din Urmavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_al-Din_Aqsarayi" title="Karim al-Din Aqsarayi">Karim al-Din Aqsarayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bibi" title="Ibn Bibi">Ibn Bibi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gevher_Nesibe" title="Gevher Nesibe">Gevher Nesibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurju_Khatun" title="Gurju Khatun">Gurju Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2hib_Ata" title="Sâhib Ata">Sâhib Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ishak" title="Baba Ishak">Baba Ishak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Alt%C4%B1napa" title="Shams al-Din Altınapa">Shams al-Din Altınapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_al-Din_K%C3%B6pek" title="Sa'd al-Din Köpek">Sa'd al-Din Köpek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhtiyar_al-Din_Hasan_ibn_Ghafras" title="Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras">Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Maurozomes" title="Manuel Maurozomes">Manuel Maurozomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Parwana" title="Mu'in al-Din Parwana">Mu'in al-Din Parwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Isfahani" title="Shams al-Din Isfahani">Shams al-Din Isfahani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Anatolian_beyliks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anatolian beyliks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tzachas_(1081_-_1092)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tzachas" title="Tzachas">Tzachas</a> (1081 - 1092)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tzachas" title="Tzachas">Tzachas</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir </a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Shah-Armens_(1100–1207)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shah-Armens" title="Shah-Armens">Shah-Armens</a> (1100–1207)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6kmen_el_Kutbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sökmen el Kutbi (page does not exist)">Sökmen el Kutbi</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silvan,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Silvan, Diyarbakır">Silvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malazgirt" title="Malazgirt">Malazgirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erci%C5%9F" title="Erciş">Erciş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adilcevaz" title="Adilcevaz">Adilcevaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkale" title="Başkale">Başkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ele%C5%9Fkirt" title="Eleşkirt">Eleşkirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis" title="Bitlis">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F" title="Muş">Muş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani,_Turkey" title="Hani, Turkey">Hani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6kmen_el_Kutbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sökmen el Kutbi (page does not exist)">Sökmen el Kutbi</a> (1100–1112)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_bin_S%C3%B6kmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim bin Sökmen (page does not exist)">Ibrahim bin Sökmen</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_bin_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed bin Ibrahim (page does not exist)">Ahmed bin Ibrahim</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6kmen_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sökmen the Second (page does not exist)">Sökmen the Second</a> (1128–1185)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyfeddin_Begtimur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyfeddin Begtimur (page does not exist)">Seyfeddin Begtimur</a> (1185–1193)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksungur_(bey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksungur (bey) (page does not exist)">Aksungur</a> (1193–1197)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammed_bin_Begtimur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammed bin Begtimur (page does not exist)">Muhammed bin Begtimur</a> (1185–1207)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important works:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlat_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlat Tombs">Ahlat Tombs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Artuqids_(1102_-_)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a> (1102 - )</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestors</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Eksük and his son <a href="/wiki/Artuk_Bey" title="Artuk Bey">Artuk</a>, from <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6%C4%9Fer_(tribe)" title="Döğer (tribe)">Döğer</a> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz</a> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Türkmen</a> clan</dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin%C3%BCddin_S%C3%B6kmen_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muinüddin Sökmen Bey (page does not exist)">Muinüddin Sökmen Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Three branches in <a href="/wiki/Hasankeyf" title="Hasankeyf">Hasankeyf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harput" class="mw-redirect" title="Harput">Harput</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasankeyf" title="Hasankeyf">Hasankeyf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Silvan, Diyarbakır">Silvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midyat" title="Midyat">Midyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput" class="mw-redirect" title="Harput">Harput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu" title="Palu">Palu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> (<i>temporarily in 1117</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCin%C3%BCddin_S%C3%B6kmen_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müinüddin Sökmen Bey (page does not exist)">Müinüddin Sökmen Bey</a> (1102–1104)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6kmenli_Ibrahim_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey (page does not exist)">Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey</a> (1104–1131)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necmeddin_Ilgazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necmeddin Ilgazi (page does not exist)">Necmeddin Ilgazi</a> (1106–1122)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCsameddin_Timurta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüsameddin Timurtaş (page does not exist)">Hüsameddin Timurtaş</a> (1122–1154)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necmeddin_Alp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Necmeddin Alp (page does not exist)">Necmeddin Alp</a> (1154–1176)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Harput Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belek_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belek Bey (page does not exist)">Belek Bey</a> (1112–1124)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nureddin_Muhammed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nureddin Muhammed (page does not exist)">Nureddin Muhammed</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6kmen_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sökmen the Second (page does not exist)">Sökmen the Second</a> (? - ?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Danishmends_(1071–1178)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a> (1071–1178)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danishmend_Gazi" title="Danishmend Gazi">Danishmend Gazi</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Niksar</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Niksar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokat" title="Tokat">Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danishmend_Gazi" title="Danishmend Gazi">Danishmend Gazi</a> (1071–1084)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi_G%C3%BCm%C3%BCshtigin" title="Gazi Gümüshtigin">Gazi Gümüshtigin</a> (1084–1104)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emir_Melikgazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emir Melikgazi (page does not exist)">Emir Gazi</a> (1104–1134)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melik_Mehmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melik Mehmed (page does not exist)">Melik Mehmed</a> (1134–1142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melik_Z%C3%BCnnun" title="Melik Zünnun">Melik Zünnun</a> (1142–1143)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C4%9F%C4%B1basan" title="Yağıbasan">Yağıbasan</a> (1143–1164)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melik_Ismail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melik Ismail (page does not exist)">Melik Ismail</a> (1164–1175)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasreddin_Muhammed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasreddin Muhammed (page does not exist)">Nasreddin Muhammed</a> (1175-1178)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mengujekids_(1071–1277)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mengujekids" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengujekids">Mengujekids</a> (1071–1277)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meng%C3%BCcek_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengücek Bey (page does not exist)">Mengücek Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>, later also <a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Divriği">Divriği</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Divriği">Divriği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemah,_Erzincan" title="Kemah, Erzincan">Kemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Şebinkarahisar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meng%C3%BCcek_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengücek Bey (page does not exist)">Mengücek Bey</a> (1071–1118)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meng%C3%BCcekli_Ishak_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengücekli Ishak Bey (page does not exist)">Mengücekli Ishak Bey</a> (1118–1120)</dd> <dt>1120–1142</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of <a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erzincan and Kemah Branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)</dd> <dt>1228</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Incorporation into the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divriği Branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)</dd> <dt>1277</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Beylik destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaka</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Saltukids_(1072–1202)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saltukids" title="Saltukids">Saltukids</a> (1072–1202)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltuk_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltuk Bey (page does not exist)">Saltuk Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tercan" title="Tercan">Tercan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltuk_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltuk Bey (page does not exist)">Saltuk Bey</a> (1072–1102)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_bin_Ebu%27l-K%C3%A2s%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım (page does not exist)">Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım</a> (1102 - ~1124)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziy%C3%A2%C3%BCddin_Gazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziyâüddin Gazi (page does not exist)">Ziyâüddin Gazi</a> (~1124–1132)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzeddin_Saltuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izzeddin Saltuk (page does not exist)">Izzeddin Saltuk</a> (1132–1168)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A2s%C4%B1r%C3%BCddin_Muhammed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nâsırüddin Muhammed (page does not exist)">Nâsırüddin Muhammed</a> (1168–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mama_Hatun" title="Mama Hatun">Mama Hatun</a> (1191–1200)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melikshah_bin_Muhammed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melikshah bin Muhammed (page does not exist)">Melikshah bin Muhammed</a> (1200–1202)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Aydinids_(1307–1425)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydinids</a> (1307–1425)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Birgi" title="Birgi">Birgi</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Ayaslu%C4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayasluğ">Ayasluğ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire,_%C4%B0zmir" title="Tire, İzmir">Tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Alaşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Aydın">Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Sakız/Chios</a> (between 1336–1344)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey</a> (1307–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umur_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Umur Beg">Umur Beg</a> (1334–1348)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_H%C4%B1z%C4%B1r_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_Isa_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Isa Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Isa Bey</a> (- 1390)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1390</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> the Thunderbolt</dd> <dt>1402–1414</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Second period of Beylik reconstituted by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Tamerlane</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_Musa_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Musa Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Musa Bey</a> (1402–1403)</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayd%C4%B1no%C4%9Flu_Umur_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aydınoğlu Umur Bey (page does not exist)">Aydınoğlu Umur Bey</a> (1403–1405)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Junayd_of_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Junayd of Aydın">İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey</a> (1405–1425 <i>with intervals</i>)</dd> <dt>1425</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Candaroğulları_(~1300–1461)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candaroğulları</a> (~1300–1461)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yaman_Candar" title="Yaman Candar">Şemseddin Yaman Candar</a>, commander descended from <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1_(tribe)" title="Kayı (tribe)">Kayı</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> in the imperial army of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflani" title="Eflani">Eflani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Çankırı">Çankırı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalecik,_Ankara" title="Kalecik, Ankara">Kalecik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosya" title="Tosya">Tosya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara%C3%A7" title="Araç">Araç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> (<i>temporarily</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candaro%C4%9Flu_S%C3%BCleyman_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha (page does not exist)">Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha</a> (1309 - ~1340)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candaro%C4%9Flu_Ibrahim_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey (page does not exist)">Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey</a> (1340–1345)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candaro%C4%9Flu_Adil_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candaroğlu Adil Bey (page does not exist)">Candaroğlu Adil Bey</a> (1340–1361)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaleddin_Bayezid" class="mw-redirect" title="Celaleddin Bayezid">Celaleddin Bayezid</a> (1361–1385)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Candaro%C4%9Flu_S%C3%BCleyman_Pasha_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second (page does not exist)">Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second</a> (1384–1392)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isfendiyar_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfendiyar Bey">Isfendiyar Bey</a> (1385–1440)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taceddin_Ibrahim_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taceddin Ibrahim Bey (page does not exist)">Taceddin Ibrahim Bey</a> (1440–1443)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaleddin_Ismail_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaleddin Ismail Bey (page does not exist)">Kemaleddin Ismail Bey</a> (1443–1461)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chobanids_(1227–1309)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chobanids_(beylik)" title="Chobanids (beylik)">Chobanids</a> (1227–1309)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_%C3%87oban_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüsamettin Çoban Bey">Hüsamettin Çoban Bey</a>, commander from <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1_(tribe)" title="Kayı (tribe)">Kayı</a> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz</a> clan of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BC,_Kastamonu" title="Taşköprü, Kastamonu">Taşköprü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_%C3%87oban_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüsamettin Çoban Bey">Hüsamettin Çoban Bey</a> (1309 - ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp_Y%C3%BCrek" title="Alp Yürek">Alp Yürek</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffer%C3%BCddin_Yavlak_Arslan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan">Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87obano%C4%9Flu_Mahmud_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey">Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey</a> (? - 1309)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dulkadirids_(1348-_~1525)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dulkadirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulkadirids">Dulkadirids</a> (1348- ~1525)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Dulkadir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Dulkadir (page does not exist)">Hasan Dulkadir</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zeyneddin_Karaca_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeyneddin Karaca Bey">Zeyneddin Karaca Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elbistan" title="Elbistan">Elbistan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Maraş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput" class="mw-redirect" title="Harput">Harput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antep" class="mw-redirect" title="Antep">Antep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeyneddin_Karaca_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeyneddin Karaca Bey">Zeyneddin Karaca Bey</a> (1348–1348)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dulkadiro%C4%9Flu_Halil_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey (page does not exist)">Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey</a> (1348–1386)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BBli_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sûli Bey (page does not exist)">Sûli Bey</a> (1386–1396)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A2s%C4%B1reddin_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey</a> (1396–1443)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dulkadiro%C4%9Flu_S%C3%BCleyman_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey (page does not exist)">Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey</a> (1443–1454)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melik_Arslan" class="mw-redirect" title="Melik Arslan">Melik Arslan</a> (?-?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Budak" title="Shah Budak">Shah Budak</a> (?-1492)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eahsuvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şahsuvar (page does not exist)">Şahsuvar</a> (?-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala%C3%BCddevle_Bozkurt_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey (page does not exist)">Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey</a> (1492–1507)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eahsuvaro%C4%9Flu_Ali_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey (page does not exist)">Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey</a> (1507- ~1525)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eretnids_(1328–1381)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eretnids" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretnids">Eretnids</a> (1328–1381)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eretna_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretna Bey">Eretna Bey</a>, brother-in-law of the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanid">Ilkhanid</a> governor for Anatolia, <a href="/wiki/Timurtash" title="Timurtash">Timurtash</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Niğde">Niğde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokat" title="Tokat">Tokat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasya" title="Amasya">Amasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Şebinkarahisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Niksar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eretna_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretna Bey">Eretna Bey</a> (1328–1352)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giyath_al-Din_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Giyath al-Din Muhammad">Giyath al-Din Muhammad</a> (1352–1365)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C3%A2eddin_Ali_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alâeddin Ali Bey (page does not exist)">Alâeddin Ali Bey</a> (1365–1380)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmed_Bey_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmed Bey the Second (page does not exist)">Mehmed Bey the Second</a> (1380–1381)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eshrefids_(1288–1326)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eshrefids" title="Eshrefids">Eshrefids</a> (1288–1326)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyfeddin_S%C3%BCleyman_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (page does not exist)">Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey</a>, regent to the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Beyşehir">Beyşehir</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Beyşehir">Beyşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Akşehir">Akşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolvadin" title="Bolvadin">Bolvadin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyfeddin_S%C3%BCleyman_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (page does not exist)">Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey</a> (1288–1302)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Frefo%C4%9Flu_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey</a> (1302–1320)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C5%9Frefo%C4%9Flu_S%C3%BCleyman_Bey_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second (page does not exist)">Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second</a> (1320–1326)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Germiyanids_(1300–1429)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a> (1300–1429)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerim%C3%BCddin_Ali%C5%9Fir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerimüddin Alişir (page does not exist)">Kerimüddin Alişir</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Germiyanl%C4%B1_Yakub_Bey_the_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First">Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya" title="Kütahya">Kütahya</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kula_(District),_Manisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kula (District), Manisa (page does not exist)">Kula (District), Manisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simav" title="Simav">Simav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenicekent" title="Yenicekent">Yenicekent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenicekent" title="Yenicekent">Yenicekent</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Inanjids" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanjids">Beylik of Lâdik</a> between 1300–1368</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germiyanl%C4%B1_Yakub_Bey_the_First" class="mw-redirect" title="Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First">Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First</a> (1300–1340)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germiyanl%C4%B1_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey</a> (1340–1361)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germiyanl%C4%B1_S%C3%BCleyman_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah (page does not exist)">Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah</a> (1361–1387)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hamidids_(~1280–1374)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidids</a> (~1280–1374)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestors</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>Hamid and his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyas_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilyas Bey (page does not exist)">Ilyas Bey</a>, frontier rulers under <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_Felek%C3%BCddin_D%C3%BCndar_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isparta" title="Isparta">Isparta</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Firdir" title="Eğirdir">Eğirdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluborlu" title="Uluborlu">Uluborlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6lhisar" title="Gölhisar">Gölhisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkuteli" title="Korkuteli">Korkuteli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Yunus_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_Felek%C3%BCddin_D%C3%BCndar_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey</a> (~1280–1324)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_H%C4%B1z%C4%B1r_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey</a> (1324–1330)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_Necmeddin_Ishak_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_Muzaffer%C3%BCddin_Mustafa_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_H%C3%BCsameddin_Ilyas_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamido%C4%9Flu_Kemaleddin_H%C3%BCseyin_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey (page does not exist)">Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey</a> (? - 1391)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Karamanids_(~1250–1487)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a> (~1250–1487)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nure_S%C3%BBfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nure Sûfi">Nure Sûfi</a> from <a href="/wiki/Afshar_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Afshar tribe">Afshar</a> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz</a> clan</dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerimeddin_Karaman_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerimeddin Karaman Bey">Kerimeddin Karaman Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>successively <a href="/wiki/Ere%C4%9Fli,_Konya" title="Ereğli, Konya">Ereğli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ermenek" title="Ermenek">Ermenek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larende" class="mw-redirect" title="Larende">Larende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ker%C3%AEmeddin_Karaman_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey">Kerîmeddin Karaman</a> (1256–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamano%C4%9Flu_Mehmet_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey">Mehmet I</a> (1261–1283)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneri_of_Karaman" title="Güneri of Karaman">Güneri</a> (1283–1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmut_of_Karaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmut of Karaman">Bedreddin Mahmut</a> (1300–1308)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yah%C5%9F%C4%B1_Han_of_Karaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahşı Han of Karaman (page does not exist)">Yahşı Han</a> (1308–1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_I_of_Karaman" title="Ibrahim I of Karaman">Bedreddin Ibrahim I</a> (1312–1333)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_of_Karaman" title="Halil of Karaman">Alâeddin Halil Mirza</a> (1333–1348)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_I_of_Karaman" title="Ibrahim I of Karaman">Bedreddin Ibrahim I</a>, <i>2nd reign</i> (1348–1349)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_of_Karaman" title="Ahmet of Karaman">Fahreddin Ahmed</a> (1349–1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eemseddin_of_Karaman" title="Şemseddin of Karaman">Şemseddin</a> (1350–1351)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Karaman" title="Musa of Karaman">Burhaneddin Musa</a> (1351–1356)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_of_Karaman" title="Süleyman of Karaman">Seyfeddin Süleyman</a> (1356–1357)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaattin_Ali_of_Karaman" title="Alaattin Ali of Karaman">Alâeddin Ali</a> (1357–1398)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasreddin_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasreddin Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Nasreddin Mehmed Bey</a> (1398–1399)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II_of_Karaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet II of Karaman">Sultanzâde Mehmet II</a> (1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengi_Ali_of_Karaman" title="Bengi Ali of Karaman">Bengi Alâeddin Ali</a> (1418–1424)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_II_of_Karaman" title="Ibrahim II of Karaman">Ibrahim II</a> (1424–1464)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak_of_Karaman" title="Ishak of Karaman">Sultanzâde Ishak</a> (1464)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Ahmet_of_Karaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Ahmet of Karaman">Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed</a> (1464–1469)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kas%C4%B1m_of_Karaman" title="Kasım of Karaman">Kasım</a> (1469–1483)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turguto%C4%9Flu_Mahmud_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (page does not exist)">Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey</a> (1483–1487)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Karasids_(1303–1360)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Karasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Karasids">Karasids</a> (1303–1360)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melik_Dani%C5%9Fmend_Gazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melik Danişmend Gazi (page does not exist)">Melik Danişmend Gazi</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karesi_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Karesi Bey">Karesi Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k,_Mersin" title="Aydıncık, Mersin">Aydıncık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergama" title="Bergama">Bergama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edremit,_Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Edremit, Balıkesir">Edremit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigadi%C3%A7" title="Bigadiç">Bigadiç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezine,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezine, Turkey">Ezine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karesi_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Karesi Bey">Karesi Bey</a> (1307–1328)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demir_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demir Han (page does not exist)">Demir Han</a> (1328–1345)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yah%C5%9F%C4%B1_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahşı Han (page does not exist)">Yahşı Han</a> (1328–1345)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman Bey">Süleyman Bey</a> (1345–1360)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ladik_(~1300–1368)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inanjids" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanjids">Ladik</a> (~1300–1368)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germiyanl%C4%B1_Ali_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germiyanlı Ali Bey (page does not exist)">Germiyanlı Ali Bey</a></dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inan%C3%A7_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inanç Bey (page does not exist)">Inanç Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Denizli</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Denizli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inan%C3%A7_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inanç Bey (page does not exist)">Inanç Bey</a> (~1300 - ~1314)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_Arslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murad Arslan (page does not exist)">Murad Arslan</a> (~1314 - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inan%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu_Ishak_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inançoğlu Ishak Bey (page does not exist)">Inançoğlu Ishak Bey</a> (? - ~1360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman Bey">Süleyman Bey</a> (1345–1368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Menteshe_(~1261–1424)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Menteshe" title="Menteshe">Menteshe</a> (~1261–1424)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menteshe_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menteshe Bey (page does not exist)">Menteshe Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Be%C3%A7in" title="Beçin">Beçin</a> castle and nearby <a href="/wiki/Milas" title="Milas">Milas</a>, later also <a href="/wiki/Balat,_Didim" title="Balat, Didim">Balat</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>present-day <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" title="Muğla Province">Muğla Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Muğla">Muğla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Finike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%9F" title="Kaş">Kaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ameli" title="Çameli">Çameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C4%B1payam" title="Acıpayam">Acıpayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavas" title="Tavas">Tavas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozdo%C4%9Fan" title="Bozdoğan">Bozdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ine" title="Çine">Çine</a></li> <li>temporarily <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Aydın">Aydın</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Aydın">Güzelhisar</a>, also <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> between 1300–1314</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menteshe_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menteshe Bey (page does not exist)">Menteshe Bey</a> (~1261 - ~1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_of_Menteshe" title="Mesut of Menteshe">Mesut</a> (~1282 - ~1320)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orhan_of_Menteshe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orhan of Menteshe (page does not exist)">Orhan</a> (~1320 - ~1340)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_of_Menteshe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim of Menteshe (page does not exist)">Ibrahim</a> (~1340 - ~1360)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pervâneoğlu_(1261–1322)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu" title="Pervâneoğlu">Pervâneoğlu</a> (1261–1322)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestor</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BChezzibeddin_Ali_K%C3%A2%C5%9F%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî (page does not exist)">Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a>)</dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Parwana" title="Mu'in al-Din Parwana">Süleyman Pervâne</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a> <br /></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Perv%C3%A2ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman Pervâne">Süleyman Pervâne</a> (1261–1277)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey</a> (1277–1296)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu_Mesud_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey (page does not exist)">Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey</a> (1296–1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazi Çelebi">Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi</a> (1300–1326)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ramadanids_(1352–1516)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramadanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadanids">Ramadanids</a> (1352–1516)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramazan_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramazan Bey (page does not exist)">Ramazan Bey</a> from <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCre%C4%9Fir" title="Yüreğir">Yüreğir</a> Oghuz clan</dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Bey</a> (1344-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Ahmed Bey</a> (?-1416)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Bey</a> (1416–1417)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamza_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamza Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Hamza Bey</a> (1417–1427)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmed_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmed Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Mehmed Bey</a> (1427-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyl%C3%BCk_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eylük Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Eyluk Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dundar_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dundar Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Dündar Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omer_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omer Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Omer Bey</a> (?-1490)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giyas_al-Din_Halil_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giyas al-Din Halil Bey (page does not exist)">Giyas al-Din Halil Bey</a> (1490–1511)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Hahmud Bey</a> (1511–1516)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selim_Bey_(Ramadanids)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selim Bey (Ramadanids) (page does not exist)">Selim Bey</a> (?-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubad_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubad Bey (page does not exist)">Kubad Bey</a> (1517-?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sahib_Ataids_(1275–1341)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Ataids" title="Sahib Ataids">Sahib Ataids</a> (1275–1341)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2hib_Ata" title="Sâhib Ata">Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar" title="Afyonkarahisar">Afyonkarahisar</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Akşehir">Akşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Beyşehir">Beyşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C4%B1kl%C4%B1" title="Sandıklı">Sandıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Denizli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahib_Ata_Fahreddin_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali (page does not exist)">Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali</a> (1275–1288) and sons</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusreddin_Ahmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusreddin Ahmed (page does not exist)">Nusreddin Ahmed</a> (1288–1341)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sarukhanids_(1302–1410)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sarukhanids" title="Sarukhanids">Sarukhanids</a> (1302–1410)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarukhan,_Bey_of_Magnesia" title="Sarukhan, Bey of Magnesia">Saruhan Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capital</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manisa" title="Manisa">Manisa</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demirci" title="Demirci">Demirci</a></li> <li>Nif (<a href="/wiki/Kemalpa%C5%9Fa" title="Kemalpaşa">Kemalpaşa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhisar" title="Akhisar">Akhisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rdes" title="Gördes">Gördes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemen" title="Menemen">Menemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarukhan,_Bey_of_Magnesia" title="Sarukhan, Bey of Magnesia">Saruhan Bey</a> (1302–1345)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahreddin_Ilyas_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahreddin Ilyas Bey (page does not exist)">Fahreddin Ilyas Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzafferuddin_Ishak_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey (page does not exist)">Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey</a> (-1388)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C4%B1z%C4%B1r_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hızır Shah (page does not exist)">Hızır Shah</a> (1388–1390)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Teke_(1301–1423)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a> (1301–1423)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ancestors</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidoğlu</a> dynasty</dd> <dt>Founder</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Yunus_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey</a></dd> <dt>Capitals</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Korkuteli" title="Korkuteli">Korkuteli</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important centers and extension:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> (<i>lost to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a> between 1361–1373</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teke_Peninsula" title="Teke Peninsula">Teke Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasty:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Yunus_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey</a> (1301-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Mehmud_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey</a> (?-1327)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_H%C4%B1z%C4%B1r_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey</a> (? - ?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Dad%C4%B1_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey</a> (?-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zincirk%C4%B1ran_Mehmed_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey (page does not exist)">Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey</a> (~1360 - ~1375)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekeo%C4%9Flu_Osman_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (page does not exist)">Tekeoğlu Osman Bey</a> (~1375–1390)</li></ul> 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