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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1482" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to make provision for National Parks and the establishment of a National Parks Commission ; to confer on the Nature Conservancy and local authorities powers for the establishment and maintenance of nature reserves ; to make further provision for the recording, creation, maintenance and improvement of public paths and for securing access to open country, and to amend the law relating to rights of way; to confer further powers for preserving and enhancing natural beauty ; and for matters connected with the purposes aforesaid.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12,_13_%26_14_Geo._6" class="mw-redirect" title="12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6">12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6</a>. c. 97</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data organiser">Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hobhouse" title="Arthur Hobhouse">Arthur Hobhouse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data">England, Scotland and Wales</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1949-12-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amended by</th><td class="infobox-data">The Natural Resources Body for Wales (Functions) Order 2013 (portion)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relates to</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Environment_and_Rural_Communities_Act_2006" title="Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006">Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_and_Countryside_Act_1981" title="Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981">Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Status: Amended</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/12-13-14/97/part/I?timeline=true">History of passage through Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/search/?s=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyworkforyou.com%2Fdebates%2F%3Fid%3D1949-12-16a.3055.7%26s%3DNational%2BParks%2Band%2BAccess%2Bto%2Bthe%2BCountryside%2BAct%2B1949%23g3056.0">Records of Parliamentary debate relating to the statute</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a>, at <a href="/wiki/TheyWorkForYou" title="TheyWorkForYou">TheyWorkForYou</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/search?searchTerm=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1949%2Fmar%2F17%2Fnational-parks-and-access-to-the">Records of Parliamentary debate relating to the statute</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hansard.parliament.uk/">Hansard</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1949/97/pdfs/ukpga_19490097_en.pdf">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/id?title=National+Parks+and+Access+to+the+Countryside+Act">Text of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949</b> (<a href="/wiki/12,_13_%26_14_Geo._6" class="mw-redirect" title="12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6">12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6</a>. c. 97) is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Act of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> which created the National Parks Commission which later became the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Commission" title="Countryside Commission">Countryside Commission</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Agency" title="Countryside Agency">Countryside Agency</a>, which became <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a> when it merged with <a href="/wiki/English_Nature" title="English Nature">English Nature</a> in 2006. The Act provided the framework for the creation of <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">National Parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty">Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and also addressed <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_England_and_Wales" title="Rights of way in England and Wales">public rights of way</a> and access to open land. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act was passed in 1949 with all-party support, as part of the reconstruction of the UK by the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> government after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>The Act followed reports by: </p> <ul><li>a government committee chaired by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Addison">Christopher Addison</a> (later Viscount Addison) in 1931,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_Dower" title="John Gordon Dower">John Dower</a>, secretary of the Standing Committee on National Parks, to the Minister of Town and Country Planning in 1945, and</li> <li>a government committee chaired by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hobhouse" title="Arthur Hobhouse">Sir Arthur Hobhouse</a> in 1947, which proposed 12 national parks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_parks">National parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: National parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">National parks of the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The first 10 British national parks were designated as such in the 1950s under the Act in mostly poor-quality <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> <a href="/wiki/Highland_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland (geography)">upland</a>. An eleventh 'national park' in the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">Broads</a> was set up by a special <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Suffolk_Broads_Act_1988" title="Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act 1988">Norfolk and Suffolk Broads Act</a>, in 1988. Strictly speaking, this is not a national park, but the differences are sufficiently small that this entity is always regarded as being "equivalent to" a national park. The <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> was designated a national park on 1 March 2005. The <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">South Downs</a>, the last of the 12 areas chosen in the 1947 Hobhouse Report, was designated as <a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs National Park</a> by the Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Benn" title="Hilary Benn">Hilary Benn</a> in March 2009, making 15 national parks in total. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amendments">Amendments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amendments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structure set up by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 was amended by: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Act_1990" title="Environmental Protection Act 1990">Environmental Protection Act 1990</a>, which created the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Conservancy_Council" title="Nature Conservancy Council">Nature Conservancy Council</a> (which later became <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a> and transferred functions of the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Commission" title="Countryside Commission">Countryside Commission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Council_for_Wales" title="Countryside Council for Wales">Countryside Council for Wales</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Act_1995" title="Environment Act 1995">Environment Act 1995</a>, under which each national park is now operated by its own National Park Authority</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000</a>, under which AONBs are now designated</li></ul> <p>Further amendments are made by the <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006</a>, under which <a href="/wiki/English_Nature" title="English Nature">English Nature</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Agency" title="Countryside Agency">Countryside Agency</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rural_Development_Service" title="Rural Development Service">Rural Development Service</a> merged on 1 October 2006 to form new bodies called <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Rural_Communities" title="Commission for Rural Communities">Commission for Rural Communities</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">National parks of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England and Wales">National parks of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty" title="Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty">Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>R. N. Hutchins and H. F. Full. The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. (Butterworths Annotated Legislation Service: Statutes Supplement No. 65). Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd. 1950. Reviewed at "Legal Literature" (1951) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=msowAQAAIAAJ">101</a> The Law Journal 12 (5 January 1951) and (1951) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=efEwAQAAIAAJ">211</a> The Law Times 39 (19 January 1951)</li> <li>Norman Browning. National Parks and Access to the Countryside. Thames Bank Publishing Company. 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sx9BAQAAIAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Blunden and Curry. A People's Charter? Forty Years of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. HMSO. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7IMfAQAAIAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Ann Holt. A Charter for Whom? The Access Provisions of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, 1949. Ramblers' Association. 1990.</li> <li>"The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". Halsbury's Statutes of England. Second Edition. Butterworth & Company (Publishers) Ltd. 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6MaAQAAMAAJ">Volume 42</a>. Pages 465 and 890.</li> <li>"The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". Halsbury's Statutes of England. Third Edition. Butterworths. 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jH9QAQAAIAAJ">Volume 24</a>. Page 65. See also Preliminary Note at p 29.</li> <li>Desmond Heap. "National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, 1949". Encyclopedia of the Law of Town and Country Planning. Sweet & Maxwell. 1959. Paragraphs 2-465 to 2–595. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g11MAQAAIAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Guy Seward. "National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". Howard Roberts on the Law of Town and Country Planning. Second Edition. Charles Knight & Co. 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9lAIAQAAIAAJ">Volume 2</a>. Pages 761 to 844.</li> <li>Andrew Waite. "National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". Butterworths Environmental Law Handbook. 1994. Page 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVFKAQAAIAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Michael J. Fry. "National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". A Manual of Nature Conservation Law. Clarendon Press. 1995. Page 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLuAAAAMAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Stephen Chapman. "The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, 1949". Statutes on the Law of Torts. Butterworths. 1962. Page 345.</li> <li>John Sheail. "The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949 – its Origins and Significance". T C Smout (ed). Nature, Landscape and People since the Second World War. Tuckwell Press. 2001. Chapter 1. Pages 1 to 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkLbAAAAMAAJ">Google</a></li> <li>Tom Stephenson. Ann Holt (ed). "The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949". Forbidden Land: The Struggle for Access to Mountain and Moorland. Manchester University Press. 1989. Chapter 11. Pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i89RAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA206">206</a> to 222.</li> <li>Peter Bromley. "National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949)". Countryside Management. Taylor & Francis. 1990. Digital Printing. 2006. Chapter 3.2. Pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GSn5AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42">42</a> to 49.</li> <li>"National Parks" (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XM2yAAAAIAAJ">28</a> The Canadian Bar Review 452</li> <li>"The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, 1949" (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPEwAQAAIAAJ">210</a> The Law Times 147 (15 September 1950)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The citation of this Act by this short title is authorised by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DzSyAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2167">section 115(1)</a> of this Act.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1949/97">Text of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&oldid=1254823211">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949&oldid=1254823211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_of_England_and_Wales" title="Category:National parks of England and Wales">National parks of England and Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom_Acts_of_Parliament_1949" title="Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1949">United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1949</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 21:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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