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vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Materia di quark</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 9 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مادة كواركية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة كواركية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Materia_di_quark&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Con <b>materia di quark</b> ci si riferisce ad un certo numero di stati (di cui alcuni teorici) della materia, che la vedono costituita da <a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">quark</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gluone" title="Gluone">gluoni</a>. Questi costituenti sono i responsabili del trasporto della <a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">carica di colore</a> ed interagiscono secondo la <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">cromodinamica quantistica</a> (QCD). La scala di energie alla quale operano i processi tipici di queste teorie, Λ<sub>QCD</sub>, è dell'ordine di poche centinaia di <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>. Si indicano come <i>bassa temperatura</i> o <i>basso <a href="/wiki/Potenziale_chimico" title="Potenziale chimico">potenziale chimico</a></i> quelli corrispondenti a energie inferiori a questa. </p><p>La <b>materia calda di quark</b> chiamata <a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">plasma di quark e gluoni</a> si crede che abbia riempito l'universo fino a circa 20 o 30 microsecondi dopo il <a href="/wiki/Big_bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Big bang">big bang</a>. Si pensa attualmente che alcuni stati più freddi come la <a href="/wiki/Materia_strana" title="Materia strana">materia strana</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Superconduttivit%C3%A0_di_colore" title="Superconduttività di colore">superconduttori di colore</a> costituiscano le stelle dense quali le <a href="/wiki/Stella_di_neutroni" title="Stella di neutroni">stelle di neutroni</a>. Lo stato normale della materia di quark è quello che vediamo ovunque intorno a noi. In questo stato i quark sono <a href="/wiki/Confinamento_dei_quark" title="Confinamento dei quark">confinati</a> all'interno degli <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a>, insieme ad un antiquark a costituire un <a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">mesone</a> oppure con altri due quark a formare un <a href="/wiki/Barione" title="Barione">barione</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Stati_della_materia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stati_della_materia" title="Template:Stati della materia"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Stati della materia (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/255px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/340px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Cambiamenti di stato</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Fusione_(fisica)" title="Fusione (fisica)">Fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">Solidificazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione" title="Cristallizzazione">Cristallizzazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">Ebollizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">Evaporazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">Condensazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brinamento" title="Brinamento">Brinamento</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">Miscele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Caligine" title="Caligine">Caligine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">Sospensione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dispersione_(chimica)" title="Dispersione (chimica)">Dispersione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">Lega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nebbia" title="Nebbia">Nebbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spray_liquido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spray liquido (la pagina non esiste)">Spray liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo">Fumo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Particolato" title="Particolato">Particolato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polvere" title="Polvere">Polvere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Schiuma" title="Schiuma">Schiuma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emulsione" title="Emulsione">Emulsione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sol_(chimica)" title="Sol (chimica)">Sol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerogel" title="Aerogel">Aerogel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">Gel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiuma_solida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiuma solida (la pagina non esiste)">Schiuma solida</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Miscela_gassosa" title="Miscela gassosa">Miscela gassosa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">Vapore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">Fluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideale" title="Gas ideale">Gas ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_reale" title="Gas reale">Gas reale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_supercritico" title="Stato supercritico">Fluido supercritico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superfluidit%C3%A0" title="Superfluidità">Superfluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Supersolido" title="Supersolido">Supersolido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supervetro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supervetro (la pagina non esiste)">Supervetro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensato_chirale" title="Condensato chirale">Condensato fermionico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_degenere" title="Materia degenere">Materia degenere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_strana" title="Materia strana">Materia strana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido_ideale" title="Fluido ideale">Fluido ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_Rydberg" title="Materia di Rydberg">Materia di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone_di_Rydberg" title="Polarone di Rydberg">Polarone di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Materia di quark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquido_di_spin_quantistico" title="Liquido di spin quantistico">Liquido di spin quantistico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitonio" title="Eccitonio">Eccitonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eccitone_legato_al_fotone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eccitone legato al fotone (la pagina non esiste)">Eccitone legato al fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_a_fusione_di_catena" title="Stato a fusione di catena">Stato a fusione di catena</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Concetti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo">Punto triplo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_critico_(termodinamica)" title="Punto critico (termodinamica)">Punto critico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato" title="Equazione di stato">Equazione di stato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_raffreddamento" title="Curva di raffreddamento">Curva di raffreddamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(chimica)" title="Solidus (chimica)">Solidus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquidus" title="Liquidus">Liquidus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " 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