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<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Condensazione_su_superfici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condensazione_su_superfici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Condensazione su superfici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condensazione_su_superfici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Condensazione</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 76 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasie" title="Kondensasie - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kondensasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%81" title="تكثيف - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تكثيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensaci%C3%B3n" title="Condensación - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Condensación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasiya" title="Kondensasiya - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kondensasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuondensac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kuondensacėjė - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuondensacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasyon" title="Kondensasyon - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kondensasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кандэнсацыя - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кандэнсацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кондензация - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кондензация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="ঘনীভবন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘনীভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kondenzacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensaci%C3%B3" title="Condensació - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Condensació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapaln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Kapalnění - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapalnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyddwyso" title="Cyddwyso - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyddwyso" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensering" title="Kondensering - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kondensering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensation" title="Kondensation - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kondensation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Συμπύκνωση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμπύκνωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation" title="Condensation - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Condensation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensado" title="Kondensado - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kondensado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensaci%C3%B3n_(cambio_de_estado)" title="Condensación (cambio de estado) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condensación (cambio de estado)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatsioon" title="Kondensatsioon - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kondensatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondentsazio" title="Kondentsazio - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kondentsazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میعان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میعان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiivistyminen" title="Tiivistyminen - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiivistyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation" title="Condensation - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Condensation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensaci%C3%B3n" title="Condensación - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condensación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandaro" title="Sandaro - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sandaro" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התעבות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התעבות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="संघनन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संघनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kondenzacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondansasyon" title="Kondansasyon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kondansasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կոնդենսացում - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնդենսացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasi" title="Kondensasi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kondensasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri_na-ekpo_%E1%BB%8Dk%E1%BB%A5" title="Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B8%AE" title="凝縮 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="凝縮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensa%D1%81iya" title="Kondensaсiya - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kondensaсiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azen%E1%BA%93i" title="Azenẓi - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azenẓi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конденсация - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Конденсация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%B6%95" title="응축 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="응축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluthyans" title="Gluthyans - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gluthyans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конденсация - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Конденсация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensa" title="Condensa - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Condensa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensacija" title="Kondensacija - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kondensacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondens%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Kondensēšanās - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kondensēšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кондензација - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кондензација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="സാന്ദ്രീകരണം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാന്ദ്രീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Конденсаци - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Конденсаци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemeluwapan" title="Pemeluwapan - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemeluwapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensatie" title="Condensatie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Condensatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasjon" title="Kondensasjon - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kondensasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasjon" title="Kondensasjon - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kondensasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensacion" title="Condensacion - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Condensacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skraplanie" title="Skraplanie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skraplanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Condensação - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condensação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensare" title="Condensare - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Condensare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конденсация - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конденсация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kondenzacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation" title="Condensation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Condensation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvapal%C5%88ovanie" title="Skvapalňovanie - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skvapalňovanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kondenzacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubundira" title="Kubundira - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kubundira" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensimi" title="Kondensimi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kondensimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кондензација - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кондензација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensering" title="Kondensering - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kondensering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆவி ஒடுக்கம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆவி ஒடுக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การควบแน่น - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การควบแน่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasyon" title="Kondensasyon - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kondensasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%C4%9Funla%C5%9Fma" title="Yoğunlaşma - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yoğunlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Конденсація - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Конденсація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D9%81" title="تکثیف - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تکثیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatsiya" title="Kondensatsiya - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kondensatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0ng_t%E1%BB%A5" title="Ngưng tụ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngưng tụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensasyon" title="Kondensasyon - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kondensasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%BB%93" title="凝结 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凝结" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קאנדענסירונג - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאנדענסירונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凝結" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%B5%90" title="凝結 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凝結" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em 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data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando il significato geologico del termine, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Liquefazione_delle_sabbie" title="Liquefazione delle sabbie">Liquefazione delle sabbie</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130658281"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando la reazione chimica di condensazione, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Reazione_di_condensazione" title="Reazione di condensazione">Reazione di condensazione</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg/220px-Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg/330px-Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg/440px-Condensation_on_water_bottle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a> presente nell'aria condensa a contatto con la superficie fredda di una bottiglia</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>condensazione</b> è la <a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">transizione di fase</a> dalla <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">fase aeriforme</a> alla <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">fase liquida</a> di una <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_chimica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sostanza chimica">sostanza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tale <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_termodinamica" title="Trasformazione termodinamica">trasformazione</a> si può eseguire: </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Isoterma_(termodinamica)" title="Isoterma (termodinamica)">temperatura costante</a> per compressione, se la temperatura dell'aeriforme è inferiore a <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_critica" title="Temperatura critica">quella critica</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>per raffreddamento con una fonte esterna;</li> <li>per <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_adiabatica" title="Trasformazione adiabatica">espansione adiabatica</a>.</li></ul> <p>La condensazione può avvenire generalmente in due modi: </p> <ul><li>condensazione volumetrica: avviene normalmente nei fenomeni naturali, come per esempio nelle <a href="/wiki/Nuvola" title="Nuvola">nuvole</a>;</li> <li>condensazione su superfici: usata soprattutto per aspetti tecnici e ingegneristici, per esempio negli <a href="/wiki/Scambiatore_di_calore" title="Scambiatore di calore">scambi di calore</a>.</li></ul> <p>In ogni caso l'operazione di condensazione è <a href="/wiki/Esotermico" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotermico">esotermica</a>, cioè avviene sottraendo <a href="/wiki/Calore" title="Calore">calore</a> alla sostanza che si vuole condensare.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Condensazione_su_superfici">Condensazione su superfici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Condensazione su superfici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Condensazione su superfici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Window_in_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Window_in_Ireland.jpg/220px-Window_in_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Window_in_Ireland.jpg/330px-Window_in_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Window_in_Ireland.jpg/440px-Window_in_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Sulle finestre si ha condensazione a causa della differenza di temperatura tra gli ambienti separati dal vetro</figcaption></figure> <p>La condensazione su superfici può avvenire in due modi: </p> <ul><li>Condensazione a film: il vapore condensa sulla superficie creando un film di liquido, che percola verso il basso per gravità; la presenza del film liquido ostacola la formazione di nuovo condensato.</li> <li>Condensazione a gocce: il vapore condensa sotto forma di piccole gocce, che si possono staccare dalla superficie lasciandola libera per la formazione di nuove gocce.</li></ul> <p>La condensazione a film avviene generalmente su superfici pulite e lisce. La presenza di impurezze sulla superficie e nel vapore e la rugosità dell'area di scambio, porta al frazionamento in gocce del film. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">La condensazione a gocce può sviluppare <a href="/wiki/Coefficiente_di_scambio_termico" title="Coefficiente di scambio termico">coefficienti di scambio termico</a> molto più elevati (da 4 a 8 volte) rispetto a quella a film,</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> in quanto la superficie effettiva di scambio, nel caso delle gocce, diventa molto più elevata e la <a href="/wiki/Resistenza_termica" title="Resistenza termica">resistenza termica</a> del condensato viene a mancare. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140554517"><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">Per i calcoli tecnici, dato che non può essere prevista con precisione la condensazione a gocce, si fa riferimento alla condensazione a film:</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140554517"><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">questo è a vantaggio della sicurezza.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Condensatore_(tecnologie_chimiche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensatore (tecnologie chimiche)">Condensatore (tecnologie chimiche)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nell'ambito della <a href="/wiki/Chimica_industriale" title="Chimica industriale">chimica industriale</a> e della chimica sperimentale, la condensazione è un'"<a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">operazione unitaria</a>", cioè una tappa di un insieme di processi chimico-fisici che hanno come scopo la trasformazione di una sostanza. Ad esempio viene svolta la condensazione di una <a href="/wiki/Corrente_materiale" title="Corrente materiale">corrente</a> fluida nella parte alta di una <a href="/wiki/Colonna_di_distillazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonna di distillazione">colonna di distillazione</a> o all'interno di un <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_frigorifero" title="Ciclo frigorifero">ciclo frigorifero</a>. </p><p>L'operazione di condensazione viene largamente usata in tecnologia chimica per condensare sostanze ottenute allo stato di vapore, onde commerciarle o trattarle sotto forma liquida: ciò vale, per esempio per la <a href="/wiki/Benzina" title="Benzina">benzina</a>, che nei processi di <a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">distillazione</a> è ottenuta sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a>. Mentre un vapore puro condensa a temperatura costante, i vapori misti condensano in un intervallo di temperatura, separando prima i componenti meno volatili, quindi i più volatili, il che permette la separazione di composti o di frazioni (condensazione frazionata). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surface_condenser_(Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine,_Evers).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un esempio di condensatore utilizzato nell'industria chimica"><img alt="Un esempio di condensatore utilizzato nell'industria chimica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg/120px-Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg/180px-Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg/240px-Surface_condenser_%28Steam_and_the_Steam_Engine%2C_Evers%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un esempio di condensatore utilizzato nell'industria chimica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dimroth_kuehler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un esempio di condensatore da laboratorio"><img alt="Un esempio di condensatore da laboratorio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dimroth_kuehler.jpg/40px-Dimroth_kuehler.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dimroth_kuehler.jpg/61px-Dimroth_kuehler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dimroth_kuehler.jpg/81px-Dimroth_kuehler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un esempio di condensatore da laboratorio</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Refrigeration.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Schema di un ciclo frigorifero (il condensatore è posto a destra)"><img alt="Schema di un ciclo frigorifero (il condensatore è posto a destra)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Refrigeration.png/120px-Refrigeration.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Refrigeration.png/180px-Refrigeration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Refrigeration.png/240px-Refrigeration.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schema di un ciclo frigorifero (il condensatore è posto a destra)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Inoltre il fenomeno della condensazione del <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a> può essere sfruttato per recuperare l'acqua contenuta nell'atmosfera sotto forma di vapore acqueo. Su tale principio si basa il <a href="/wiki/Dissalatore_ad_energia_solare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissalatore ad energia solare">dissalatore ad energia solare</a> (<i>"solar still"</i>), il "condensatore Zibold" e altre apparecchiature più complesse, quali i "condensatori a energia solare". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_still.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schema di funzionamento di un distillatore ad energia solare"><img alt="Schema di funzionamento di un distillatore ad energia solare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Solar_still.svg/120px-Solar_still.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Solar_still.svg/180px-Solar_still.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Solar_still.svg/240px-Solar_still.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schema di funzionamento di un distillatore ad energia solare</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zibold_condenser_(section).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schema di funzionamento di un condensatore Zibold"><img alt="Schema di funzionamento di un condensatore Zibold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg/120px-Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg/180px-Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg/240px-Zibold_condenser_%28section%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schema di funzionamento di un condensatore Zibold</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un impianto a terra di condensatori a energia solare"><img alt="Un impianto a terra di condensatori a energia solare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg/120px-Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg/180px-Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg/240px-Dew_harvest_satapar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="1419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un impianto a terra di condensatori a energia solare</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 100</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">In tal caso l'aeriforme sarà detto <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1012v1.pdf">DOE Fundamentals Handbook - "Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, and fluid flow", p. 38.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220052153/https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1012v1.pdf">Archiviato</a> il 20 dicembre 2016 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_Kelvin" title="Equazione di Kelvin">Equazione di Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breath_figures" title="Breath figures">Breath figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparecchiature_chimiche" title="Apparecchiature chimiche">Apparecchiature chimiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">Operazione unitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldaia_(riscaldamento)" title="Caldaia (riscaldamento)">Caldaia (riscaldamento)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensatore_barometrico" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensatore barometrico">Condensatore barometrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagramma_di_Glaser" title="Diagramma di Glaser">Diagramma di Glaser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/condensazione" class="extiw" title="wikt:condensazione">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Condensation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Condensation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/condensazione" class="extiw" title="wikt:condensazione">condensazione</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Condensation?uselang=it">condensazione</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condensazione&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/condensation-phase-change"><span style="font-style:italic;">condensation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166583#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studenti.dicamp.units.it/Strumentazione%20Industriale/(P)%20lezione%2016%20-%201%20dicembre%202008.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Condensazione industriale</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>76 lingue</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive 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