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<li id="toc-First_colonization_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_colonization_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First colonization attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_colonization_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_Colonia_Tovar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_Colonia_Tovar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Foundation of Colonia Tovar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_Colonia_Tovar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_refugees_in_the_Colonia_Agrícola_de_Turén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_refugees_in_the_Colonia_Agrícola_de_Turén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>German refugees in the Colonia Agrícola de Turén</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_refugees_in_the_Colonia_Agrícola_de_Turén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germans_from_the_remote_south_of_Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germans_from_the_remote_south_of_Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Germans from the remote south of Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germans_from_the_remote_south_of_Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="German Venezuelan">German Venezuelan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Venezuelan citizens who descend from Germans</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">German Venezuelans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Probably 17,000 or More<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar" title="Colonia Tovar">Colonia Tovar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar_dialect" title="Colonia Tovar dialect">Colonia Tovar dialect</a>, other <a href="/wiki/German_dialects" title="German dialects">German dialects</a>, and Spanish</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German people</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Argentine">German Argentines</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Brazilian">German Brazilians</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Canadian">German Canadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="German Chilean">German Chileans</a>, , <a href="/wiki/German_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="German Mexican">German Mexicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Paraguay">German Paraguayans</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Peruvian">German Peruvians</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" title="German immigration to Puerto Rico">German Puerto Ricans</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Uruguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="German Uruguayan">German Uruguayans</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>German Venezuelans</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Deutsch-Venezolaner</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Germano-venezolanos</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan citizens</a> who descend from <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">Germans</a> or German people with Venezuelan citizenship. Most of them live in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia (Venezuela)">Valencia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_agr%C3%ADcola_de_Tur%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia agrícola de Turén (page does not exist)">Colonia agrícola de Turén</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Jarillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Jarillo (page does not exist)">El Jarillo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar" title="Colonia Tovar">Colonia Tovar</a> where a small-reduced and decreasing minority of people speak the <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar_dialect" title="Colonia Tovar dialect">Colonia Tovar dialect</a>, a German-derived dialect from their ancestry, and the Spanish language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_colonization_attempts">First colonization attempts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First colonization attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Klein-Venedig" title="Klein-Venedig">Klein-Venedig</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Con_tocuyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Con_tocuyo.jpg/220px-Con_tocuyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Con_tocuyo.jpg/330px-Con_tocuyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Con_tocuyo.jpg/440px-Con_tocuyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>First sttlements in Welserland/Klein Venedig</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">King of Spain</a> granted rights to the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> banking families of Anton and Bartholomeus <a href="/wiki/Welser" class="mw-redirect" title="Welser">Welser</a> in 1528 to colonize Venezuela. By 1531, the Welsers controlled the privilege. They set up a colonization scheme and sent <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Ehinger" title="Ambrosius Ehinger">Ambrosius Ehinger</a> as governor to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Coro" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana de Coro">Santa Ana de Coro</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Neu-Augsburg</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the capital of Klein-Venedig or Welserland (as it was known in Germany)<sup id="cite_ref-google_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1529. On October 7, 1528, Ehinger left <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> with the Spaniard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garc%C3%ADa_de_Lerma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="García de Lerma (page does not exist)">García de Lerma</a> and 281 settlers and they headed towards the Venezuelan coast, where they arrived on February 24, 1529, at the region of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Coro" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana de Coro">Santa Ana de Coro</a>. From there, he explored the interior looking the city <i><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a></i>, one legendary golden city, whose myth had been developed by the Spanish. On September 8, 1529 Ehinger founded the colony of New Nuremberg (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Neu-Nürnberg</i>), today known as <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned rights were revoked in 1546 by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> due to non-compliance with the stipulations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the German settlers died from tropical diseases, to which they had no <a href="/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity (medical)">immunity</a>, or hostile Indian attacks during frequent journeys deep into <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indian</a> territory in search of gold. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Carvajal" title="Juan de Carvajal">Juan de Carvajal</a> was founding <a href="/wiki/El_Tocuyo" title="El Tocuyo">El Tocuyo</a> in 1545, Spaniards and some German-speakers (German, Flemish and Swiss that did not agree with the Welser government) headed to that new town.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, those Germans, some of them marrying Spanish and aboriginal ladies, decided to use a Spanish surname instead of using a Germanic one. </p><p>After some intentions of <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Federmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Federmann">Nicolaus Federmann</a>, George Hohermuth von Speier to consolidate a German State in this land, and after the death of Bartholomeus Welser and <a href="/wiki/Philipp_von_Hutten" title="Philipp von Hutten">Philipp von Hutten</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pueblosdevenezuela_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pueblosdevenezuela-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that ended up with the death of Juan de Carvajal, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a> determined to cease the German administration upon Venezuela in 1546, because the Welser did not fulfill the treat of establishing cities and fortress and bringing settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-google11_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, there are two town known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuara (page does not exist)">Cuara</a>. One to the south of "Valles de Quibor" where its inhabitants state out that they descend from those Welser settlers<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> .<sup id="cite_ref-google6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google8_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.ve-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other "Cuara" today "Campo Elias" near to Urachiche in the State of Yaracuy,<sup id="cite_ref-google9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where inhabitants, though having aboriginal features, also have blue and green eyes, hazel or blond hairs, claiming that they also descends from those Welsers that came to Venezuela approximately 500 years ago. </p><p>There is a saying in Cuara <a href="/wiki/Quibor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quibor">Quibor</a> about the first Venezuela President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez"> Jose Antonio Paez Herrera</a>. It is said that his mother Maria Violante Herrera was born in that Larense town.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.ve-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had as a nickname "La Catira de los ojos azules" (The blue-eyed creole blonde [The term "catira" is a feminine form of "catire", a Venezuelan slang of "blond."]) </p><p><b>Governors, Mayors and Lieutenant-Governors between 1528 and 1556</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Governors, Mayors and Lieutenant-Governors</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>1529 - 1530</td> <td><b>Ambrose von Ehinger</b> hispanicized as Ambrosio Alfinger </td></tr> <tr> <td>1530</td> <td><b>Hans Seissenhofer von Key</b> (due to the challenge of his name, he got a nickname <i>Juan Alemán</i> o <i>Juan 'EL Bueno' </i>. He was a captain and interim governor)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Tenente-Governador interino) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1531 - 1533</td> <td><b>Bartholomeus Sayler</b> hispanicized as Bartolomé de Santillana<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1533</td> <td><b>Ambrose von Ehinger</b> hispanicized as Ambrosio Alfinger </td></tr> <tr> <td>1533 - 1535</td> <td><b>Nicolas Federmann</b> (Lieutenant-Governor of <b>Coro</b> after the death of <b>A. Ehinger</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1535 - 1540</td> <td><b>Georg Hohermut von Speyer</b> hispanicized as Jorge de Espira<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1540 - 1543</td> <td><b>Heinrich Remboldt</b> (Mayor of <b>Coro</b> and interim governor)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>He commanded "Juan de Villegas" to found <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a>, however Villegas founded the city in 1552, 8 years after the death of Remboldt. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1543 - 1544</td> <td><b>Philipp von Hutten</b> hispanicized as Felipe de Utre ou Felipe de Hutten (Lieutenant-Governor) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1557 - ?</td> <td><b>Melchior Grübel</b><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Mayor<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <b>EL Tocuyo</b>, and <b>Coro</b><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interino) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>German Toponomy of in the regional geography</b> </p> <ul><li>Posesión Federmann or Sabana de Federmann to the north of <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lara_(state)" title="Lara (state)">Lara</a>.</li> <li>Quebrada de von Hutten, near to Vela de Coro and Puerto Cumarébo, Falcón.</li> <li>Alemán, 94 km to the west of <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lara_(state)" title="Lara (state)">Lara</a>.</li> <li>Welsares a suburb in Cuara, to the southwest of <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a>.</li> <li>Wohnsiedler, a square in <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a></li> <li>Frawenthal, a valley right to the south of <a href="/wiki/Barquisimeto" title="Barquisimeto">Barquisimeto</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_Colonia_Tovar">Foundation of Colonia Tovar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation of Colonia Tovar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar" title="Colonia Tovar">Colonia Tovar</a></div> <p>After those first colonization attempts in the 16th century, Germans did not emigrate to Venezuela again until 1842. Between 1814 and 1842, some regions of Germany suffered heavy economic losses, while their inhabitants were paying high taxes. This caused great poverty in the country, which gave many Germans the desire to immigrate in order to escape poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-blogspot_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogspot-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To all this must be added that Germans had an excellent reputation as settlers. This positive image was created by pioneers in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. On the other hand, Venezuela at the beginning of the 19th century, didn't have much political weight, so there was no fear or interference on their part.<sup id="cite_ref-Miradas_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miradas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second government of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_P%C3%A1ez" title="José Antonio Páez">José Antonio Páez</a>, the Congress enacted, in May 1840, a new immigration law which provided for a policy of economic and cultural exchanges between Venezuela and Europe. The entrepreneurs received loans on the condition that they accept immigrants over a period of two years. Given the huge population deficit that existed at that time in Venezuela, the Minister of Interior and Justice at the time, Angel Quintero, called for collaboration to <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Codazzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustín Codazzi">Agustín Codazzi</a> (traveler and geographer) so that he could indicate the lands eligible to attract European immigration in order to increase the productivity of the country. From the outset, Codazzi thought of Germany because of its economic situation. Along with Alexander Benitz, he began planning an organized immigration. Codazzi made explorations in various fields owned by the family Tovar, who had offered to donate them to establish a colony.<sup id="cite_ref-mipunto_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mipunto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, Codazzi started a propaganda effort to get people to join the project and he chose families from the south of Germany, who then would travel to colonize the country. These families had to be masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, weavers, shoemakers and tailors. They came from the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a> and surrounding areas of (Germany), especially from Kaiserstuhl.<sup id="cite_ref-blogspot_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogspot-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These areas not only had many taxes, but also had problems related to agricultural productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-mipunto_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mipunto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These families left their country in 1842. Thus, on October 14, 1841, 374 people come formally to a Venezuelan port, founding the current <a href="/wiki/La_Colonia_Tovar" class="mw-redirect" title="La Colonia Tovar">La Colonia Tovar</a>, with European structures and their particular lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-blogspot_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogspot-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mipunto_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mipunto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formed a company that had as partners Agustin Codazzi and Ramon Diaz, and as a guarantor to Martin Tovar y Ponte. That same year he began work on the land donated by Manuel Felipe Tovar, which would serve as home to German immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-blogspot_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogspot-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mipunto_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mipunto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once in Tovar, it was found that of the eighty houses promised only twenty had been built. In addition, the assigned land had been deforested. Nor was there an access road. The administrator to the settlers exploited them for labor and prevented them from leaving the colony. This situation did not improve until 1845, when the government dismissed the administrator from office. Then, in 1852 the territory was transferred to the colony’s families. Between 1858 and 1870, the colony was sacked twice, and once was completely destroyed by flames. From 1870, colonists began to successfully grow coffee. In 1877, Colonia Tovar had only 200 people living there. In 1920 they numbered 850.<sup id="cite_ref-Miradas_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miradas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_refugees_in_the_Colonia_Agrícola_de_Turén"><span id="German_refugees_in_the_Colonia_Agr.C3.ADcola_de_Tur.C3.A9n"></span>German refugees in the Colonia Agrícola de Turén</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German refugees in the Colonia Agrícola de Turén"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Second World War, Germany experienced the Nazi persecution, the war, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>, the destruction of Germany and the postwar period that prompted some German immigration to Venezuela. Many of these Germans settled in this country specifically influenced by the testimonies narrated by the German scientist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Humboldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Humboldt">Alexander Humboldt</a> about this country, where he spent most of his career in the 19th century. In 1949, a group of Venezuelan and German founded the Asociación Cultural Humboldt (in English: Humboldt Cultural Association), named in honor of this German scientist. This institution, works as a communicating vessel for relationships between Germany and Venezuela, particularly through cultural events. The Germans who came to Venezuela in the second half of the 20th century, mostly worked in German companies that were set on Venezuelan soil. The telecommunications, chemical, pharmaceutical, brewery industries were the most favored destinations, occupationally speaking, for these immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-Alemanesvenezonalos_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alemanesvenezonalos-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally between 1951 and 1954, there were about 53 families of German origin (some from Bukovina) that were refugees in <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_agr%C3%ADcola_de_Tur%C3%A9n" class="extiw" title="es:Colonia agrícola de Turén">Colonia agrícola de Turén</a> (State of Portuguesa)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google12_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> .<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have farms and agriculture industries.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google13_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google13-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a witness, they still maintain institutions in order to preserve their language and culture, for example the Lutheran Church that holds periodically mass services in German.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germans_from_the_remote_south_of_Brazil">Germans from the remote south of Brazil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Germans from the remote south of Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was an attempt of immigration of Teuto-Brazilians in the year 2000, some of German and Italian ancestry. It did not prosper and they returned to Ijuí Jóia and Ausgusto Pestana, the towns from which they had come.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Colonia Tovar, just a minority of its people speak the Colonia Tovar dialect, a German dialect said to be difficult to understand for native standard German speakers. Most of them have lost their language and culture over the years, keeping only some customs that have remained through programs to promote tourism in the region, considering it a differentiated area of Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-Miradas_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miradas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Germans that arrived to Colonia Agrícola de Turén and the first generation of descendants still keep the language as they hold church masses at Lutheran Church in Turén.<sup id="cite_ref-monografias_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monografias-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Humboldt_Caracas" class="mw-redirect" title="Colegio Humboldt Caracas">Colegio Humboldt Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colegio_Alem%C3%A1n_de_Maracaibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colegio Alemán de Maracaibo (page does not exist)">Colegio Alemán de Maracaibo</a> <ul><li>Formerly Colegio Aleman del Zulia<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Colegio La Esperanza</b> in Valencia, Carabobo.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2011_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Konquista+der+Augsburger+Welser-Gesellschaft+in+S%C3%BCdamerika+%281528-1556%29%3A+historische+Rekonstruktion%2C+Historiografie+und+lokale+Erinnerungskultur+in+Kolumbien+und+Venezuela&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9783406534843&rft.au=Denzer%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsQ2-439u1-YC%26pg%3DPA308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.ve-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.ve_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV,_C.V.C.1991" class="citation book cs1">V, C.V.C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=798YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49"><i>Espejismos: prosas dispersas</i></a>. Academia Nacional de la Historia. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789802225613" title="Special:BookSources/9789802225613"><bdi>9789802225613</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Espejismos%3A+prosas+dispersas&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Academia+Nacional+de+la+Historia&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789802225613&rft.au=V%2C+C.V.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D798YAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google9_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas,_A.2003" class="citation book cs1">Rojas, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r2IUQgdFi8sC&pg=PA89"><i>Orígenes venezolanos</i></a>. Libros de El Nacional. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789803880767" title="Special:BookSources/9789803880767"><bdi>9789803880767</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Or%C3%ADgenes+venezolanos&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Libros+de+El+Nacional&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789803880767&rft.au=Rojas%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr2IUQgdFi8sC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google10_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez,_V.R.1973" class="citation book cs1">Martínez, V.R. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SyhsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Las aventuras de José Antonio Páez: El llanero increíble</i></a>. publisher not identified. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Las+aventuras+de+Jos%C3%A9+Antonio+P%C3%A1ez%3A+El+llanero+incre%C3%ADble&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=publisher+not+identified&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+V.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSyhsAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernández2018" class="citation book cs1">Hernández, Luis Guillermo (11 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mbNoDwAAQBAJ&q=%22hans+seissenhoffer%22&pg=PA37"><i>Diccionario biográfico e histórico de la Conquista y Resistencia Indígena del Zulia</i></a>. Sultana del Lago, Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781718122420" title="Special:BookSources/9781718122420"><bdi>9781718122420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+biogr%C3%A1fico+e+hist%C3%B3rico+de+la+Conquista+y+Resistencia+Ind%C3%ADgena+del+Zulia&rft.pub=Sultana+del+Lago%2C+Editores&rft.date=2018-08-11&rft.isbn=9781718122420&rft.aulast=Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Luis+Guillermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmbNoDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522hans%2Bseissenhoffer%2522%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/35113/hans-seissehoffer">"Hans Seissehoffer | Real Academia de la Historia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hans+Seissehoffer+%26%23124%3B+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F35113%2Fhans-seissehoffer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/35116/bartolome-de-santillana">"Bartolomé de Santillana | Real Academia de la Historia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bartolom%C3%A9+de+Santillana+%26%23124%3B+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F35116%2Fbartolome-de-santillana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/f/federmann.htm">"Biografia de Nicolás de Federman"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biografia+de+Nicol%C3%A1s+de+Federman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biografiasyvidas.com%2Fbiografia%2Ff%2Ffedermann.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/9235/nicolaus-federmann">"Nicolaus Federmann | Real Academia de la Historia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicolaus+Federmann+%26%23124%3B+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F9235%2Fnicolaus-federmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/15628/jorge-hohermuth">"Jorge Hohermuth | Real Academia de la Historia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jorge+Hohermuth+%26%23124%3B+Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F15628%2Fjorge-hohermuth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de/tng/getperson.php?personID=I6805&tree=patrizier">"Heinrich REMBOLD geb. UM 1505"</a>. <i>xn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de&rft.atitle=Heinrich+REMBOLD+geb.+UM+1505&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de%2Ftng%2Fgetperson.php%3FpersonID%3DI6805%26tree%3Dpatrizier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gw.geneanet.org/aanitadelbosque?lang=en&n=grubel+factor+y+beneficiador+de+los+bienes+y+hacienda+de+los+welser&oc=0&p=melchor">"Family tree of Melchor Grubel (Factor y beneficiador de los bienes y hacienda de los Welser)"</a>. <i>Geneanet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geneanet&rft.atitle=Family+tree+of+Melchor+Grubel+%28Factor+y+beneficiador+de+los+bienes+y+hacienda+de+los+Welser%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgw.geneanet.org%2Faanitadelbosque%3Flang%3Den%26n%3Dgrubel%2Bfactor%2By%2Bbeneficiador%2Bde%2Blos%2Bbienes%2By%2Bhacienda%2Bde%2Blos%2Bwelser%26oc%3D0%26p%3Dmelchor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/_custom/static/cronologia_hv/zoom/s16/1557-1.html">"1557 - Cronología de historia de Venezuela"</a>. <i>bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org&rft.atitle=1557+-+Cronolog%C3%ADa+de+historia+de+Venezuela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org%2F_custom%2Fstatic%2Fcronologia_hv%2Fzoom%2Fs16%2F1557-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xNYpAQAAMAAJ&q=%22melchor+grubel+eran+alcaldes+ordinarias+%22">"Biblioteca de la Academia Nacional de la Historia: Sesquicentenario de la Independencia"</a>. 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biblioteca+de+la+Academia+Nacional+de+la+Historia%3A+Sesquicentenario+de+la+Independencia&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxNYpAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522melchor%2Bgrubel%2Beran%2Balcaldes%2Bordinarias%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellenbenzWalter2001" class="citation book cs1">Kellenbenz, Hermann; Walter, Rolf (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JSZZM-VygosC&q=%22melchior+gr%C3%BCbel%22+alcalde&pg=PA61"><i>Oberdeutsche Kaufleute in Sevilla und Cadiz (1525-1560): Eine Edition von Notariatsakten aus den dortigen Archiven</i></a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515077408" title="Special:BookSources/9783515077408"><bdi>9783515077408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oberdeutsche+Kaufleute+in+Sevilla+und+Cadiz+%281525-1560%29%3A+Eine+Edition+von+Notariatsakten+aus+den+dortigen+Archiven&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9783515077408&rft.aulast=Kellenbenz&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Walter%2C+Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJSZZM-VygosC%26q%3D%2522melchior%2Bgr%25C3%25BCbel%2522%2Balcalde%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blogspot-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blogspot_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogspot_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogspot_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogspot_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://migracionalemana.blogspot.com/">Migracion Alemana a Venezuela</a> (English: German Migration to Venezuela), Posted by Historia. Retrieved 2012-01-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miradas-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miradas_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miradas_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miradas_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.iai.spk-berlin.de/bicentenario/Colonia-Tovar.155+M52087573ab0.0.html">Miradas alemanas hacia America Latina</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>(In Spanish: Germany Looks to Latin America). Retrieved 2012-01-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mipunto-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mipunto_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mipunto_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mipunto_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mipunto_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mipunto.com/venezuelavirtual/temas/2do_trimestre02/colonia_tovar.html">venezuelavirtual: La colonia Tovar: alemania criolla. Posted in MiPunto.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820023124/http://www.mipunto.com/venezuelavirtual/temas/2do_trimestre02/colonia_tovar.html">Archived</a> 20 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2012-01-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alemanesvenezonalos-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alemanesvenezonalos_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.scribd.com/doc/15994627/Los-Alemanes-en-Venezuela">Los alemanes en Venezuela</a> (In Spanish: The Germans in Venezuela), posted by Karl Krispin. Consulted on April 23, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yDgTAQAAIAAJ&q=turen">"La Comunidad Europea en Venezuela"</a>. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Comunidad+Europea+en+Venezuela&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyDgTAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dturen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google12-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google12_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsociación_Cultural_HumboldtKrispin,_K.1999" class="citation book cs1">Asociación Cultural Humboldt; Krispin, K. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_8g6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA147"><i>Asociación Cultural Humboldt: 50 años de irradiación cultural</i></a>. Asociación Cultural Humboldt. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789800753828" title="Special:BookSources/9789800753828"><bdi>9789800753828</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asociaci%C3%B3n+Cultural+Humboldt%3A+50+a%C3%B1os+de+irradiaci%C3%B3n+cultural&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Asociaci%C3%B3n+Cultural+Humboldt&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789800753828&rft.au=Asociaci%C3%B3n+Cultural+Humboldt&rft.au=Krispin%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_8g6AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonografias.com" class="citation web cs1">Monografias.com, leonel canelon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos81/apuntes-historia-municipio-turen/apuntes-historia-municipio-turen4.shtml">"Apuntes para el estudio de la historia del Municipio Turén - Estado Portuguesa (página 4) - Monografias.com"</a>. <i>www.monografias.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.monografias.com&rft.atitle=Apuntes+para+el+estudio+de+la+historia+del+Municipio+Tur%C3%A9n+-+Estado+Portuguesa+%28p%C3%A1gina+4%29+-+Monografias.com&rft.aulast=Monografias.com&rft.aufirst=leonel+canelon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monografias.com%2Ftrabajos81%2Fapuntes-historia-municipio-turen%2Fapuntes-historia-municipio-turen4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXaverivs2015" class="citation web cs1">Xaverivs (2 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xaverivs.blogspot.com/2015/08/la-hermosa-colonia-agricola-de-turen.html">"La hermosa Colonia Agrícola de Turén"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+hermosa+Colonia+Agr%C3%ADcola+de+Tur%C3%A9n&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft.au=Xaverivs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxaverivs.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F08%2Fla-hermosa-colonia-agricola-de-turen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google13-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google13_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Veracoechea,_E.T.1986" class="citation book cs1">de Veracoechea, E.T. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5SoPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA300"><i>El proceso de la inmigración en Venezuela</i></a>. Academia Nacional de la Historia. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789802221349" title="Special:BookSources/9789802221349"><bdi>9789802221349</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+proceso+de+la+inmigraci%C3%B3n+en+Venezuela&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Academia+Nacional+de+la+Historia&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9789802221349&rft.au=de+Veracoechea%2C+E.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5SoPAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021192751/http://ielv.ve.tripod.com/congre005.htm">"Turén"</a>. <i>ielv.ve.tripod.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ielv.ve.tripod.com/congre005.htm">the original</a> on 21 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ielv.ve.tripod.com&rft.atitle=Tur%C3%A9n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fielv.ve.tripod.com%2Fcongre005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monografias-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monografias_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monografias.com/trabajos81/apuntes-historia-municipio-turen/apuntes-historia-municipio-turen3.shtml">"Apuntes para el estudio de la historia del Municipio Turén - Estado Portuguesa (página 3) - Monografias.com"</a>. monografias.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apuntes+para+el+estudio+de+la+historia+del+Municipio+Tur%C3%A9n+-+Estado+Portuguesa+%28p%C3%A1gina+3%29+-+Monografias.com&rft.pub=monografias.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monografias.com%2Ftrabajos81%2Fapuntes-historia-municipio-turen%2Fapuntes-historia-municipio-turen3.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+Venezuelans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/btd/04/036/0403672.pdf">Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312191648/http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/btd/04/036/0403672.pdf">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 29/51.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Venezuelans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistatravesias.com/numero-64/articulos-principales/alemania-en-venezuela.html">Travesías: Inspiración para viajeros</a> (English: Cruises: Inspiration for travelers)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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people">Achagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akawaio_people" title="Akawaio people">Akawaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auak%C3%A9_people" title="Auaké people">Auaké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baniwa" title="Baniwa">Baniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A9_people" title="Baré people">Baré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caquetio" title="Caquetio">Caquetio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitarero" title="Chitarero">Chitarero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumanagoto_people" title="Cumanagoto people">Cumanagoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guahibo_people" title="Guahibo people">Guahibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_people" title="Hiwi people">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod%C3%AF" title="Hodï">Hodï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macushi" title="Macushi">Macushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariche_people" title="Mariche people">Mariche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marueta_people" title="Marueta people">Marueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%AD_people" title="Barí people">Barí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panare_people" title="Panare people">Panare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon" title="Pemon">Pemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa_people" title="Piaroa people">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladoid" title="Saladoid">Saladoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanum%C3%A1" title="Sanumá">Sanumá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoto%E2%80%93Cuica_people" title="Timoto–Cuica people">Timoto–Cuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiker%C3%AD" title="Waikerí">Waikerí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warao_people" title="Warao people">Warao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayuu_people" title="Wayuu people">Wayuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanomami" title="Yanomami">Yanomami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaruro_people" title="Yaruro people">Yaruro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%27kuana" title="Ye'kuana">Ye'kuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukpa_people" title="Yukpa people">Yukpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Venezuelan">North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Venezuelan">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Venezuelans" title="Argentine Venezuelans">Argentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Venezuelans" title="Chilean Venezuelans">Chileans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Venezuela" title="Uruguayans in Venezuela">Uruguayans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Venezuelan">Arab</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Venezuelan">Lebanese</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Venezuelan">Syrian</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_armenia_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración armenia en Venezuela">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Venezuelan">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Venezuelans" title="Japanese Venezuelans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Venezuela" title="Koreans in Venezuela">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Venezuelan" title="Turkish Venezuelan">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_of_European_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan of European descent">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Venezuela">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_belga_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración belga en Venezuela">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brit%C3%A1nica_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración británica en Venezuela">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs_in_Venezuela" title="Czechs in Venezuela">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Venezuelans" title="Croatian Venezuelans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_neerlandesa_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración neerlandesa en Venezuela">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_francesa_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración francesa en Venezuela">French</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Corsican_emigration_to_Venezuela" title="Corsican emigration to Venezuela">Corsican</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Coloniero" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloniero">Coloniero</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Venezuelan">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians in Venezuela">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Venezuelans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Venezuelans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_lituana_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración lituana en Venezuela">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Venezuelans" title="Polish Venezuelans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Venezuelans" title="Portuguese Venezuelans">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Venezuelan">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in Venezuela">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Spanish immigration to Venezuela">Spanish</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Basque_Venezuelans" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Venezuelans">Basque</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o#Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleño</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Venezuelan">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Venezuelan">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Venezuelan">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_suiza_en_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración suiza en Venezuela">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Venezuelan">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizos_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizos in Venezuela">Mestizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Venezuela" title="Colonial Venezuela">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Immigration to Venezuela">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_diaspora" title="Venezuelan diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="Venezuelan refugee crisis">Refugee crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germans" title="Template:Germans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germans" title="Template talk:Germans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundesdeutsche</i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsdeutsche" title="Reichsdeutsche">Reichsdeutsche</a></i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palatines" title="Palatines">Palatines</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Germans in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_Germans" title="Sudeten Germans">Sudeten Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Hungary" title="Germans of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_minority_in_Poland" title="German minority in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Germans" title="Vistula Germans">Vistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol%C4%99ders" class="mw-redirect" title="Olęders">Olęders</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Walddeutsche" title="Walddeutsche">Walddeutsche</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Germans" title="Galician Germans">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Slovakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zipser_Germans" title="Zipser Germans">Zipser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_immigration_to_Switzerland" title="German immigration to Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Belarus" title="Germans in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Germans" title="Bessarabia Germans">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Germans" title="Black Sea Germans">Black Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Transylvanian Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Landlers" title="Transylvanian Landlers">Landlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Swabians" title="Danube Swabians">Danube</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banat_Highland_Germans" title="Banat Highland Germans">Highland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walser_people" title="Walser people">Walser</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare_Swabians" title="Satu Mare Swabians">Satu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina_Germans" title="Bukovina Germans">Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Germans" title="Dobrujan Germans">Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regat_Germans" title="Regat Germans">Regat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipser_Germans" title="Zipser Germans">Zipser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Germans" title="Volga Germans">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">North Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine, and the Soviet Union">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Germans" title="Bessarabia Germans">Bessarabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Germans" title="Black Sea Germans">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonites" title="Russian Mennonites">Russian Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Carpathian Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Germans" title="Crimea Germans">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Germans" title="Galician Germans">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_minority_in_Denmark" title="German minority in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Schleswig_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="North Schleswig Germans">North Schleswig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_Germans" title="Potato Germans">Potato Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_of_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans of Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Finland" title="Germans in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Sweden" title="Germans in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Azerbaijan" title="Germans in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Bulgaria" title="Germans in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Tyrol" title="History of South Tyrol">Italy (South Tyrol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Yugoslavia" title="Germans of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Yugoslavia" title="Germans of Yugoslavia">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Croatia" title="Germans of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Serbia" title="Germans of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans of Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gottscheers" title="Gottscheers">Gottscheers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_France" title="Germans in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alsatians_and_Lotharingians" title="List of Alsatians and Lotharingians">Alsatians and Lotharingians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans of the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Germans in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multinational dimension</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_German_settlement_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="German colonization of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Argentines" title="German Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Belize" title="Mennonites in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bolivians" title="German Bolivians">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians" title="German Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Canadians" title="German Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Mennonite" title="Amish Mennonite">Amish Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachy_Amish" title="Beachy Amish">Beachy Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Beachy_Amish" title="Old Beachy Amish">Old Beachy Amish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_Amish" title="New Order Amish">New Order Amish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dariusleut" title="Dariusleut">Dariusleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehrerleut" title="Lehrerleut">Lehrerleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmiedeleut" title="Schmiedeleut">Schmiedeleut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-Canadian_history_in_British_Columbia" title="German-Canadian history in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Chileans" title="German Chileans">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_R%C3%ADos_Region" title="Los Ríos Region">Los Ríos Region</a> (including German, Swiss and Austrians)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Lagos_Region" title="Los Lagos Region">Los Lagos Region</a> (including German, Swiss and Austrians)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Colombian">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Colombia" title="Mennonites in Colombia">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Costa_Rica#Germans" title="Immigration to Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Guatemalan" title="German Guatemalan">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Haitians" title="German Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Jamaica" title="Germans in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Mexicans" title="German Mexicans">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Mexico" title="Mennonites in Mexico">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Nicaraguan" title="German Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peruvians" title="German Peruvians">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozuzo" title="Pozuzo">Pozuzo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Salvadoran" title="German Salvadoran">El Salvador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_El_Salvador" title="Mennonites in El Salvador">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Mennonite" title="Amish Mennonite">Amish Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachy_Amish" title="Beachy Amish">Beachy Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Beachy_Amish" title="Old Beachy Amish">Old Beachy Amish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_Amish" title="New Order Amish">New Order Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgroups_of_Amish#Para-Amish_groups" title="Subgroups of Amish">Para-Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Believers_in_Christ,_Lobelville" title="Believers in Christ, Lobelville">Believers in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Communities_(Elmo_Stoll)" title="Christian Communities (Elmo Stoll)">Christian Communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caneyville_Christian_Community" title="Caneyville Christian Community">Caneyville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Community,_Hestand" title="Vernon Community, Hestand">Vernon Community</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dariusleut" title="Dariusleut">Dariusleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehrerleut" title="Lehrerleut">Lehrerleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmiedeleut" title="Schmiedeleut">Schmiedeleut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Nebraskan" title="German Nebraskan">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonites" title="Russian Mennonites">Russian Mennonites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Mennonite" title="Amish Mennonite">Amish Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="German Texan">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Germans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Palatines" class="mw-redirect" title="German Palatines">Palatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" title="German immigration to Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:German_Americans_by_location" title="Template:German Americans by location">by city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Uruguayans" title="German Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar" title="Colonia Tovar">Colonia Tovar</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Angolans" title="German Angolans">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Cameroonians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Cameroonians (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douala" title="Douala">Douala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_Germans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghanaian Germans (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Guineans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Guineans (page does not exist)">Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapita%C3%AF_and_Koba" title="Kapitaï and Koba">Kapitaï and Koba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Ivorians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Ivorians (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Namibians" title="German Namibians">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_Nigerians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans Nigerians (page does not exist)">Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans in Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapita%C3%AF_and_Koba" title="Kapitaï and Koba">Kapitaï and Koba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_South_Africa" title="Germans in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Tanzanians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Tanzanians (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagamoyo" title="Bagamoyo">Bagamoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baguida" title="Baguida">Baguida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebe" title="Sebe">Sebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners_in_Zimbabwe" title="Afrikaners in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Azerbaijan" title="Germans in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_India" title="Germans in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Speaking_Protestant_Congregation_in_Iran" title="German Speaking Protestant Congregation in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templers_(Radical_Pietist_sect)" title="Templers (Radical Pietist sect)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="jp:在日ドイツ人">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan Germans">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Korea" title="Germans in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Germans" title="Kyrgyzstan Germans">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Pakistan" title="Germans in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_settlement_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="German settlement in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Turkey" title="Germans in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosporus_Germans" title="Bosporus Germans">Bosporus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Germans" title="Caucasus Germans">Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Australians" title="German Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detention_River_Christian_Community" title="Detention River Christian Community">Hutterites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Zealanders" title="German New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germans_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germans in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokopo" title="Kokopo">Kokopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Samoans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Samoans (page does not exist)">German Samoans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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