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Mennonites in Mexico - Wikipedia
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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in Mexico</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Mennonites in Mexico<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Menonitas</i></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mennoniten</i></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg/260px-Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg/390px-Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg/520px-Ni%C3%B1a_menonita_en_Cuauht%C3%A9moc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2933" data-file-height="4399" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Mennonite girl in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Cuauht%C3%A9moc,_Chihuahua" title="Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua">Cuauhtémoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Chihuahua State">Chihuahua</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">74,122 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chihuahua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a><br />(municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Municipality,_Chihuahua" title="Cuauhtémoc Municipality, Chihuahua">Cuauhtémoc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namiquipa_Municipality" title="Namiquipa Municipality">Namiquipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riva_Palacio_Municipality" title="Riva Palacio Municipality">Riva Palacio</a>, etc)</th><td class="infobox-data">Approx. 90,000 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-MennonitesChihuahua_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennonitesChihuahua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Campeche.svg/23px-Flag_of_Campeche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Campeche.svg/35px-Flag_of_Campeche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Campeche.svg/46px-Flag_of_Campeche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Approx. 15,000 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Durango.png/23px-Flag_of_Durango.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Durango.png/35px-Flag_of_Durango.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Durango.png/46px-Flag_of_Durango.png 2x" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="954" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Approx. 6,500 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-MennonitesDurango_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennonitesDurango-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Religions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Scriptures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible">The Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">Standard German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frawley2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frawley2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to a 2022 census, there were 74,122 <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonites</a> living in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the vast majority of which are established in the state of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MennonitesChihuahua_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennonitesChihuahua-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by <a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a> at around 15,000, with the rest living in smaller colonies in the states of <a href="/wiki/Durango_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango (state)">Durango</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MennonitesDurango_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennonitesDurango-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>. </p><p>Their settlements were first established in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, 3,000 Mennonites from the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> established in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MennoMigration_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennoMigration-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1927, Mennonites reached 10,000 and they were established in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MennoMigration_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennoMigration-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worsening poverty, water shortages and drug-related violence across northern Mexico have provoked significant numbers of Mennonites living in <a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a> to relocate abroad in recent years, especially to Canada, and to other regions of the Americas. Between 2012 and 2017 alone, it is estimated that at least 30,000 Mexican Mennonites emigrated to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ancestors of the vast majority of Mexican Mennonites settled in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the late 18th and 19th centuries, coming from the <a href="/wiki/Vistula_delta_Mennonites" title="Vistula delta Mennonites">Vistula delta</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a>. Even though these Mennonites are Dutch and Prussian by ancestry, language and custom, they are generally called <a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonites" title="Russian Mennonites">Russian Mennonites</a>, <i>Russland-Mennoniten</i> in German. In the years after 1873, some 7,000 left the Russian Empire and settled in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. In the period leading up to and during World War I, governments in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian provinces">Canadian provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> passed laws requiring public schools to fly the Union flag, required compulsory attendance, and created public schools in areas of Mennonite settlement. In response, the more conservative Mennonites sent out delegates to a number of countries to seek out a new land for settlement. They finally settled in a tract of land in Northern Mexico after negotiating certain privileges with Mexican President <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Álvaro Obregón</a>. Approximately 6,000 of the most conservative Mennonites eventually left Manitoba and Saskatchewan for Mexico. The first train left <a href="/wiki/Plum_Coulee,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum Coulee, Manitoba">Plum Coulee, Manitoba</a>, on March 1, 1922. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1922 and 1925, some 3,200 members of the <i>Reinlaender Gemeinde</i> in Manitoba and 1,200 from the Swift Current area left Canada to settle in Northern Mexico on approximately 230,000 acres (930 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in the Bustillos Valley near present-day <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua">Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua</a>. The Manitoba and Swift Current area groups settled the Manitoba and Swift Colonies in Chihuahua, while about 950 Mennonites from the Hague-Osler settlement in Saskatchewan settled on 35,000 acres (140 km<sup>2</sup>) in Durango near <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Ideal" title="Nuevo Ideal">Nuevo Ideal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gameo_old_colony_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gameo_old_colony-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gameo_durango_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gameo_durango-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927 some 7,000 Mennonites from Canada lived in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1924, another 200 Mennonite families (some 1,000 persons) from Soviet Russia, tried to settle in Mexico. But in the end only 6 out of the 200 families from Russia remained in Mexico. Between 1948 and 1952, some 595 persons of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Gemeinde" title="Kleine Gemeinde">Kleine Gemeinde</a></i> in Manitoba bought and settled the <i>Quellenkolonie</i>. They were joined by 246 Old Colony settlers from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, but most of these settlers either soon returned to Canada or left the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mennonites established farms, machine shops and motorized vehicles for transporting produce (although automobiles were forbidden for common use). Canadian oats, beans and corn were the main produce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The villages followed Mennonite architectural styles existent in Russia and Canada and the names were based in some cases on former names in Prussia but in most cases from names of villages in Russia and Canada such as <a href="/wiki/Rosenort,_Manitoba" title="Rosenort, Manitoba">Rosenort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba" title="Steinbach, Manitoba">Steinbach</a> and Schönwiese. The colonies were based on former Mennonite social structures in terms of education, similar prayer houses and unsalaried ministers. Conservative dress and traditional roles for women were the norm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1922 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1927 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+233.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,122</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+641.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Estimates:<sup id="cite_ref-MennoMigration_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennoMigration-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Starting with the first 3,000 Mennonite colonists in 1922,<sup id="cite_ref-MennoMigration_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MennoMigration-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the community's population grew exponentially and in just 100 years it reached 100,000,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a growth of over 3000%. However, as of 2022 the population was found to have decreased to 74,122 due to migration to Colombia, Argentina, the United States, Canada, Paraguay and Bolivia.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present">Present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, Mennonites continue their lifestyle with several reforms, such as the use of automobiles. They coexist, learning <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, alongside their <a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a> language, living side by side with the <a href="/wiki/Castizos" class="mw-redirect" title="Castizos">castizos</a> in the hill country of the state. During the harvest season they employ a considerable number of <a href="/wiki/Tarahumara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarahumara people">Tarahumara</a> people from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Copper_Canyon" title="Copper Canyon">Copper Canyon</a> area. About 50,000 Mennonites reside near the city of <a href="/wiki/Cuauht%C3%A9moc,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua">Cuauhtémoc</a> in Chihuahua. In <a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a>, there are 32 Mennonite communities (30 in <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Ideal_Municipality" title="Nuevo Ideal Municipality">Nuevo Ideal Municipality</a> and 2 in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Papasquiaro_Municipality" title="Santiago Papasquiaro Municipality">Santiago Papasquiaro Municipality</a>). Mennonites in Durango number reached a top of 8,000 in 2011, now they are 6,500; most of them live in Nuevo Ideal. Nuevo Ideal's lies around 77 miles (124 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Durango_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Durango City">the city of Durango</a>. Once in Nuevo Ideal, it becomes central transit point where the main roads that communicate Northwest and Northeast Durango separate (the road going northwest to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_de_Tepehuanes" title="Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes">Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes</a> is paved while the one going to Escobedo, Durango towards the northeast, is a dirt road). Mennonites benefit from this transit point since many travelers and truck drivers stop in Nuevo Ideal in search of Menonita Cheese. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg/240px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg/360px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg/480px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3387" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>Mennonite family in <a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest denomination as of 2006 is <i>Old Colony Mennonite Church</i> with 17,200 members, <i>Kleingemeinde in Mexiko</i> has 2,150 members, <i><a href="/wiki/Sommerfelder" title="Sommerfelder">Sommerfelder Mennonitengemeinde</a></i> has 2,043 members, <i>Reinländer-Gemeinde</i> has 1,350 members, and <i>Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference</i> has 97 members<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg/240px-MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg/360px-MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg/480px-MuseoyCentroCulturalMenonitaAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Mennonite Cultural Center and Museum in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Cuauht%C3%A9moc,_Chihuahua" title="Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua">Cuauhtémoc</a>, Chihuahua.</figcaption></figure> <p>The community of Chihuahua separates themselves into "conservative" and "liberal", with the liberal faction accounting for 20% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group is more open to outsiders and as such, more likely to marry outside of the community than their conservative peers.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also more common for this group to adopt Tarahumara and Mestizo children.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These children grow up as any other Mennonite would, learning German in school and helping out in the community.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a>, many Mennonite colonies in Chihuahua have suffered the impact of the drug-related violence. The location of the colonies and the economic success of the Mennonites are the reasons why the community has been affected. The economic achievements have attracted the attention of organized criminal gangs, putting Mennonites at risk of armed robbery, kidnap and extortion. These factors have led Mennonites from northern Mexico to emigrate to other Mennonite settlements in Alberta, Canada, <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Belize" title="Mennonites in Belize">Belize</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Paraguay</a> to escape the violence. Thousands have moved and settled in more secure Mexican states like <a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a>, or moved to other South American countries like <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Argentina" title="Mennonites in Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia" title="Mennonites in Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Mennonites were, in fact, convicted of drug running in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been fresh accusations more recently.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Abraham Friesen-Remple was one of six members of the Northern Mexico's Mennonite community who were indicted and accused of smuggling <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> in the gas tanks of cars and inside farm equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 2007, the colony of Salamanca (a Mennonite settlement with a population of 800 spread over 4,900 acres (2,000 ha) in the state of <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>) was completely destroyed due to the landfall of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dean" title="Hurricane Dean">Hurricane Dean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008, Salamanca had a population of 862.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of congregations of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a> have been established throughout Mexico including La Esperanza and Pedernales in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, La Honda, <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>. </p><p>In addition to escalating drug-related violence and worsening poverty in Mexico, Mennonites living in Chihuahua and Durango have had to contend with extended periods of droughts as well as tensions with non-Mennonite farmers over access to water. The combination of these factors has provoked significant numbers of Mennonites in the region to emigrate abroad, especially to Canada and South America, in recent years. From 2012 to 2017 alone, it is estimated that 30,000 Mexican Mennonites relocated to Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2020 survey found that there are more than 200 Mennonite colonies in nine Latin American countries, with 66 in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mennonite family from Campeche."><img alt="Mennonite family from Campeche." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg/90px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg/135px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg/180px-Mennonite_Family_-_Campeche_-_Mexico_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mennonite family from Campeche.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mennonites_campeche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mennonites in Hopelchén, Campeche."><img alt="Mennonites in Hopelchén, Campeche." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mennonites_campeche.jpg/120px-Mennonites_campeche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mennonites_campeche.jpg/180px-Mennonites_campeche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mennonites_campeche.jpg/240px-Mennonites_campeche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mennonites in <a href="/wiki/Hopelch%C3%A9n" title="Hopelchén">Hopelchén</a>, Campeche.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mennonites from Bacalar, Quintana Roo."><img alt="Mennonites from Bacalar, Quintana Roo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg/120px-Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg/180px-Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg/240px-Menonitas_en_Quintana_Roo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mennonites from <a href="/wiki/Bacalar" title="Bacalar">Bacalar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_peddler_boy,_Bacalar,_Quintana_Roo,_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mennonite peddler boy selling bread in Bacalar, Quintana Roo."><img alt="Mennonite peddler boy selling bread in Bacalar, Quintana Roo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/90px-Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/135px-Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/180px-Little_peddler_boy%2C_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mennonite peddler boy selling bread in Bacalar, Quintana Roo.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar,_Quintana_Roo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mennonite children from Bacalar, Quintana Roo."><img alt="Mennonite children from Bacalar, Quintana Roo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg/120px-Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg/180px-Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg/240px-Ni%C3%B1as_Menonitas_de_Bacalar%2C_Quintana_Roo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3898" data-file-height="2922" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mennonite children from Bacalar, Quintana Roo.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mexican Mennonite community was the setting for the 2007 film <i><a href="/wiki/Stellet_Licht" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellet Licht">Stellet Licht</a></i> by acclaimed Mexican director <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reygadas" title="Carlos Reygadas">Carlos Reygadas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queso_Chihuahua" title="Queso Chihuahua">Queso Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_colonies_in_Mexico" title="Mormon colonies in Mexico">Mormon colonies in Mexico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Leonard_Sawatzky" title="Harry Leonard Sawatzky">Harry Leonard Sawatzky</a>: <i>They Sought a Country: Mennonite Colonization in Mexico</i>, Berkeley, CA et al. 1971.</li> <li>Harry Leonard Sawatzky: <i>Sie suchten eine Heimat : deutsch-mennonitische Kolonisierung in Mexiko, 1922 - 1984</i>, Marburg 1986. (Not just a translation of the English book, but a distinct publication)</li> <li>Walter Schmiedehaus: <i>Die Altkolonier-Mennoniten in Mexiko</i>, Winnipeg 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ABC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPost2022" class="citation web cs1">Post, Die Mennonitische (2022-10-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anabaptistworld.org/mexico-colony-census-brings-surprises/">"Mexico colony census brings surprises"</a>. <i>Anabaptist World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anabaptist+World&rft.atitle=Mexico+colony+census+brings+surprises&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Die+Mennonitische&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanabaptistworld.org%2Fmexico-colony-census-brings-surprises%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MennonitesChihuahua-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MennonitesChihuahua_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MennonitesChihuahua_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFierro2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fierro, Luis (23 September 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927015018/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/872061.html"><i>Comunidad menonita planea migrar del país</i></a> (in Spanish), El Universal, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/872061.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2013</span>, <q>(...) El gobierno de Chihuahua informó que desconoce los planes de los menonitas, cuya población se estima en alrededor de 90 mil personas en el estado, y sostuvo que las condiciones económicas actuales no son un factor que obligue a ningún productor local a abandonar la región. (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comunidad+menonita+planea+migrar+del+pa%C3%ADs&rft.pub=El+Universal&rft.date=2012-09-23&rft.aulast=Fierro&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fnotas%2F872061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/climate-change-mexico-mennonites/#:~:text=While%20most%20Mexican%20Mennonites%20remain,spread%20over%20about%2020%20settlements.">"God's will or ecological disaster? Mexico takes aim at Mennonite deforestation"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=God%27s+will+or+ecological+disaster%3F+Mexico+takes+aim+at+Mennonite+deforestation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fclimate-change-mexico-mennonites%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWhile%2520most%2520Mexican%2520Mennonites%2520remain%2Cspread%2520over%2520about%252020%2520settlements.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MennonitesDurango-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MennonitesDurango_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MennonitesDurango_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamírez2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ramírez, Laura (14 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060238/http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/360851.se-van-mil-500-menonitas-por-sequia-e-insegur.html">"Se van mil 500 menonitas por sequía e inseguridad"</a>. <i>El Siglo de Durango</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/360851.se-van-mil-500-menonitas-por-sequia-e-insegur.html">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>. <q>Desalentados por la inseguridad y la falta de producción por la sequía de 2011, en los 12 meses recientes, cerca de mil 500 menonitas de una población total de ocho mil de las colonias de Nuevo Ideal y Santiago Papasquiaro emigraron a Canadá y otras entidades del país como Campeche y Chihuahua, donde se emplean en el campo o en talleres mecánicos. (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Siglo+de+Durango&rft.atitle=Se+van+mil+500+menonitas+por+sequ%C3%ADa+e+inseguridad&rft.date=2012-03-14&rft.aulast=Ram%C3%ADrez&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsiglodedurango.com.mx%2Fnoticia%2F360851.se-van-mil-500-menonitas-por-sequia-e-insegur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frawley2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frawley2003_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_J._Frawley2003" class="citation book cs1">William J. Frawley (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&pg=RA1-PA94"><i>International Encyclopedia of Linguistics</i></a>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513977-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513977-8"><bdi>978-0-19-513977-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513977-8&rft.au=William+J.+Frawley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsl_dDVctycgC%26pg%3DRA1-PA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205052716if_/http://www.hshs.mb.ca:80/mennonite_old_colony_vision.pdf">"The Mennonite Old Colony Vision: <i>Under siege in Mexico and the Canadian Connection</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hshs.mb.ca/mennonite_old_colony_vision.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 16. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1747423X.2020.1855266">10.1080/1747423X.2020.1855266</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:230589810">230589810</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Land+Use+Science&rft.pages=1-17&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1747423X.2020.1855266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A230589810%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Le+Polain+de+Waroux&rft.aufirst=Yann&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Janice&rft.au=O%27Driscoll%2C+Anna&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Kerstin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F1747423X.2020.1855266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMennonites+in+Mexico" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennonites_in_Mexico&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920195742/http://kazanherald.com/2012/09/17/mexican-farmers-exploring-tatarstan-agribusiness/">Mexican Farmers Exploring Tatarstan Agribusiness</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Kazan_Herald" title="The Kazan Herald">The Kazan Herald</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/M492.html">Mexico</a> at <a href="/wiki/Global_Anabaptist_Mennonite_Encyclopedia_Online" title="Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online">Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1998/august/Sa16797.htm">Protective Retreat: Mexico's Mennonites Consider a New Migration</a> - <i>The World and I</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dataverse.scholarsportal.info/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.5683/SP2/I4FEQZ">"Data for "Pious Pioneers: The expansion of Mennonite colonies in Latin America""</a>, This data is provided in support of the paper "Pious Pioneers: The expansion of Mennonite colonies in Latin America", published in the Journal of Land Use Science, December 15, 2020, 1–17</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mennonites_in_the_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mennonites in the world</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Argentina" title="Mennonites in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Belize" title="Mennonites in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia" title="Mennonites in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Colombia" title="Mennonites in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_El_Salvador" title="Mennonites in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonites in France">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_the_Netherlands" title="Mennonites in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Peru" title="Mennonites in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Uruguay" title="Mennonites in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Mexico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Mexico" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mestizos_in_Mexico" title="Mestizos in Mexico">Mestizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Mexicans" title="Afro-Mexicans">From Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_keniana_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración keniana en México">Kenyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_immigration_to_Mexico" title="American immigration to Mexico">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mascogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_colonies_in_Mexico" title="Mormon colonies in Mexico">Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Mexicans" title="Argentine Mexicans">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_belice%C3%B1a_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración beliceña en México">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Mexicans" title="Brazilian Mexicans">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Mexicans" title="Canadian Mexicans">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Mexicans" title="Chilean Mexicans">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Mexicans" title="Colombian Mexicans">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_costarricense_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración costarricense en México">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Mexicans" title="Cuban Mexicans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_dominicana_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración dominicana en México">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_ecuatoriana_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración ecuatoriana en México">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Mexicans" title="Guatemalan Mexicans">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Mexicans" title="Haitian Mexicans">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_hondure%C3%B1a_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración hondureña en México">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_nicarag%C3%BCense_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración nicaragüense en México">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Mexicans" title="Peruvian Mexicans">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Mexicans" title="Salvadoran Mexicans">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Mexico" title="Uruguayans in Mexico">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Mexicans" title="Venezuelan Mexicans">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Mexicans" title="Asian Mexicans">From South and East Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Mexico" title="Chinese immigration to Mexico">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_immigration_to_Mexico" title="Filipino immigration to Mexico">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mexicans" title="Indian Mexicans">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Mexicans" title="Japanese Mexicans">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_Mexico_City" title="Japanese community of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Mexico" title="Koreans in Mexico">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Mexicans" title="Romani Mexicans">Romani</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Mexicans" title="White Mexicans">From Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Mexicans" title="Austrian Mexicans">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Mexicans" title="Belgian Mexicans">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Mexico" title="Britons in Mexico">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora#Mexico" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_b%C3%BAlgara_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración búlgara en México">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Mexicans" title="Croatian Mexicans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Mexicans" title="Czech Mexicans">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mexicans" title="Dutch Mexicans">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Mexicans" title="French Mexicans">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Mexicans" title="German Mexicans">German</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mennonite</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Mexicans" title="Greek Mexicans">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Mexicans" title="Hungarian Mexicans">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mexicans" title="Irish Mexicans">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Mexicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Mexicans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Mexicans" title="Polish Mexicans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mexicans" title="Portuguese Mexicans">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Mexicans" title="Romanian Mexicans">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mexicans" title="Russian Mexicans">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Mexicans" title="Scandinavian Mexicans">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_noruega_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración noruega en México">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_sueca_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración sueca en México">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Mexico" title="Spaniards in Mexico">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Mexicans" title="Basque Mexicans">Basque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Mexicans" title="Swiss Mexicans">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Mexico" title="Ukrainians in Mexico">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From Western Asia<br /> and North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Mexicans" title="Arab Mexicans">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Mexicans" title="Lebanese Mexicans">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Mexicans" title="Syrian Mexicans">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Mexicans" title="Armenian Mexicans">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Mexicans" title="Assyrian Mexicans">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Jewish</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_iran%C3%AD_en_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración iraní en México">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Mexico" title="Turks in Mexico">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Amerindian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">More than 100,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec people">Chinantec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%CA%BCol_people" title="Chʼol people">Ch'ol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_people" title="Mazahua people">Mazahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatec" title="Mazatec">Mazatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixe_people" title="Mixe people">Mixe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuas" title="Nahuas">Nahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomi" title="Otomi">Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha" title="Purépecha">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rar%C3%A1muri" title="Rarámuri">Rarámuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlapanec_people" title="Tlapanec people">Tlapanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_people" title="Tzeltal people">Tzeltal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzotzil" title="Tzotzil">Tzotzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples#Yucatec_Maya" title="Maya peoples">Yucatec Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000–100,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgos" title="Amuzgos">Amuzgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatinos" title="Chatinos">Chatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chontal_Maya" title="Chontal Maya">Chontal Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cora_people" title="Cora people">Cora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatecs" title="Cuicatecs">Cuicatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huave_people" title="Huave people">Huave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichol" title="Huichol">Huichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_people" title="Mayo people">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popoluca" title="Popoluca">Popoluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojolabal_people" title="Tojolabal people">Tojolabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triqui" title="Triqui">Triqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoque_people" title="Zoque people">Zoque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000–20,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_people" title="Chocho people">Chocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_people" title="Chichimeca Jonaz people">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuj_people" title="Chuj people">Chuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarijio_people" title="Guarijio people">Guarijio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaltek_people" title="Jakaltek people">Jacaltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicaneros" title="Mexicaneros">Mexicanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocuiltec_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocuiltec people">Ocuiltec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_people" title="Pame people">Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Bajo_people" title="Pima Bajo people">Pima Bajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCanjob%CA%BCal_people" title="Qʼanjobʼal people">Qʼanjobʼal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuate" title="Tacuate">Tacuate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehuas" title="Tepehuas">Tepehua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fewer than 1,000 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awakatek_people" title="Awakatek people">Aguacatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatecos" title="Ixcatecos">Ixcatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixil_people" title="Ixil people">Ixil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">K'iche'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Kickapoo" title="Mexican Kickapoo">Kikapú</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacandon_people" title="Lacandon people">Lacandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motozintlecos" title="Motozintlecos">Motozintlec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paipai_people" title="Paipai people">Paipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCeqchi%CA%BC" title="Qʼeqchiʼ">Qʼeqchiʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_people" title="Seri people">Seri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/16px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/24px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Primarily arrived via Canada</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Originated in what is now the United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Mexico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Mexico" title="Template:Religion in Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Mexico" title="Template talk:Religion in Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Mexico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Religion in Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abrahamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Christianity</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mexico" title="Catholic Church in Mexico">Catholic</a> </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Mexico" title="History of the Catholic Church in Mexico">History of the Catholic Church in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Para%C3%ADso_in_Mexico_City" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nuestra Señora del Paraíso in Mexico City">Melkite Greek Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church">Apostolic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_Mexico" title="Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Mexico">Greek Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America_Diocese_of_Mexico" title="Orthodox Church in America Diocese of Mexico">Russian Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Mexico,_Venezuela,_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Mexico, Venezuela, Central America and the Caribbean">Antiochian Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Mexico" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Mexico">Coptic Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Mexico" title="Protestantism in Mexico">Protestant</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Adventist</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church in Mexico">Seventh-day Adventist Church in Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Evangelical</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Presbyterian_Church_in_Mexico" title="National Presbyterian Church in Mexico">National Presbyterian Church in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Reformed_Church_of_Mexico" title="Presbyterian Reformed Church of Mexico">Presbyterian Reformed Church of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Presbyterian_Church_in_Mexico" title="National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico">National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Mexico" title="Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico">Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Pentecostal</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_God_(Mexico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of God (Mexico) (page does not exist)">Church of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Historical</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Mexico" title="Anglican Church of Mexico">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Episcopal Church in Mexico (page does not exist)">Episcopal Church in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_Mexico" title="National Baptist Convention of Mexico">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Methodist_Church" title="Congregational Methodist Church">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Church (Mexico)">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mennonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Latin_America" title="Quakers in Latin America">Quaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;">Nontrinitarian</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Mexico" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Mexico">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (<a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Firstborn_of_the_Fulness_of_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times">Church of the Firstborn of the Fulness of Times</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witnesses in Mexico">Jehovah's Witnesses in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Luz_del_Mundo" title="La Luz del Mundo">La Luz del Mundo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Mexico">Bahá'í Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mexico" title="Islam in Mexico">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Mexico">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/Folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexicayotl" title="Mexicayotl">Mexicayotl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Muerte" title="Santa Muerte">Santa Muerte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Mexico" title="Hinduism in Mexico">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Mexico" title="Sikhism in Mexico">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristero_War" title="Cristero War">Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Mexico" title="Holy Week in Mexico">Holy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichol_Route_to_Huiricuta" title="Huichol Route to Huiricuta">Huichol Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Mexico" title="Irreligion in Mexico">Irreligion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Mexico" title="List of cathedrals in Mexico">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:List_LDS_Temple_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:List LDS Temple Mexico (page does not exist)">LDS Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_saints" title="List of Mexican saints">Mexican saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_churches_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the oldest churches in Mexico">Oldest churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_Mexico" title="List of synagogues in Mexico">Synagogues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐sqn7m Cached time: 20241125144616 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.839 seconds Real time usage: 1.024 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2853/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 143625/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4535/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 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