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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klasifikasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaringan komputer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 110 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenaarnetwerk" title="Rekenaarnetwerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenaarnetwerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%A9%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AD" title="የኮምፒዩተር አውታር – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኮምፒዩተር አውታር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="شبكة حاسوب – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبكة حاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="কম্পিউটাৰ নেটৱৰ্ক – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কম্পিউটাৰ নেটৱৰ্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_d%27ordenadores" title="Rede d'ordenadores – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rede d'ordenadores" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter_%C5%9F%C9%99b%C9%99k%C9%99si" title="Kompüter şəbəkəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter şəbəkəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Камп’ютарная сетка – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камп’ютарная сетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кампутарная сетка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кампутарная сетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Компютърна мрежа – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютърна мрежа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कंप्यूटर नेटवर्क" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouedad_stlennegel" title="Rouedad stlennegel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouedad stlennegel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarska_mre%C5%BEa" title="Računarska mreža – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računarska mreža" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarxa_inform%C3%A0tica" title="Xarxa informàtica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xarxa informàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تۆڕی کۆمپیوتەری – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆڕی کۆمپیوتەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_s%C3%AD%C5%A5" title="Počítačová síť – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítačová síť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datanet" title="Datanet – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Datanet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechnernetz" title="Rechnernetz – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rechnernetz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%B1rey_xetan_(network)" title="Gırey xetan (network) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gırey xetan (network)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BF_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Δίκτυο υπολογιστών – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δίκτυο υπολογιστών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer network" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputila_reto" title="Komputila reto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komputila reto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_de_computadoras" title="Red de computadoras – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Red de computadoras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvutiv%C3%B5rk" title="Arvutivõrk – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvutivõrk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konputagailu-sare" title="Konputagailu-sare – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konputagailu-sare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شبکه رایانه‌ای – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبکه رایانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokoneverkko" title="Tietokoneverkko – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokoneverkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_informatique" title="Réseau informatique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réseau informatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADonra_r%C3%ADomhair%C3%AD" title="Líonra ríomhairí – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Líonra ríomhairí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_de_computadoras" title="Rede de computadoras – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rede de computadoras" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%DB%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%86" title="کامپيۊتري لابدؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کامپيۊتري لابدؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95" title="કમ્પ્યુટર નેટવર્ક – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કમ્પ્યુટર નેટવર્ક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusu" title="Kusu – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Kusu" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תקשורת נתונים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקשורת נתונים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कम्प्यूटर नेटवर्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कम्प्यूटर नेटवर्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalne_mre%C5%BEe" title="Računalne mreže – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računalne mreže" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9p-h%C3%A1l%C3%B3zat" title="Számítógép-hálózat – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számítógép-hálózat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Համակարգչային ցանց – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգչային ցանց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_de_computatores" title="Rete de computatores – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rete de computatores" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputerala_reto" title="Komputerala reto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komputerala reto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6lvunet" title="Tölvunet – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tölvunet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_di_computer" title="Rete di computer – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rete di computer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="コンピュータネットワーク – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンピュータネットワーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გამოთვლითი ქსელი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამოთვლითი ქსელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Компьютерлік желі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компьютерлік желі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%A7%9D" title="컴퓨터 망 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터 망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(komputer)" title="Tor (komputer) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tor (komputer)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Компьютердик тармак – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Компьютердик тармак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulum_computatrale" title="Reticulum computatrale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reticulum computatrale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computernetzwierk" title="Computernetzwierk – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Computernetzwierk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computern%C3%A8twerk" title="Computernètwerk – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Computernètwerk" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_di_computer" title="Red di computer – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Red di computer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuteri%C5%B3_tinklas" title="Kompiuterių tinklas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompiuterių tinklas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datort%C4%ABkls" title="Datortīkls – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Datortīkls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%88" title="Компьютер вапш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Компьютер вапш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Сметачка мрежа – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сметачка мрежа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Компьютерын сүлжээ – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Компьютерын сүлжээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कॉम्‍प्‍युटर नेटवर्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉम्‍प्‍युटर नेटवर्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangkaian_komputer" title="Rangkaian komputer – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rangkaian komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_de_cumputadores" title="Rede de cumputadores – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rede de cumputadores" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကွန်ပျူတာ ကွန်ယက် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ပျူတာ ကွန်ယက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Ловиця сёксть – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ловиця сёксть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeknernettwark" title="Reeknernettwark – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reeknernettwark" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कम्प्युटर नेटवर्क – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कम्प्युटर नेटवर्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computernetwerk" title="Computernetwerk – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computernetwerk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datanett" title="Datanett – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Datanett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datanett" title="Datanett – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Datanett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret_informatica" title="Ret informatica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ret informatica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimdaa_Kompiyuuteraa" title="Cimdaa Kompiyuuteraa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Cimdaa Kompiyuuteraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰੀ ਜਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰੀ ਜਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sie%C4%87_komputerowa" title="Sieć komputerowa – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sieć komputerowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="کمپیوٹر نیٹ ورک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کمپیوٹر نیٹ ورک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BC%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="کمپيوټر نيټورک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کمپيوټر نيټورک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_de_computadores" title="Rede de computadores – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rede de computadores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C3%B1iqiq_llika" title="Antañiqiq llika – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antañiqiq llika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C8%9Bea_de_calculatoare" title="Rețea de calculatoare – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rețea de calculatoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Вычислительная сеть – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вычислительная сеть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Computer network" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalne_mre%C5%BEe" title="Računalne mreže – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Računalne mreže" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD" title="පරිගණක ජාල – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිගණක ජාල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer network" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_sie%C5%A5" title="Počítačová sieť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Počítačová sieť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalni%C5%A1ko_omre%C5%BEje" title="Računalniško omrežje – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Računalniško omrežje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrjeti_kompjuterik" title="Rrjeti kompjuterik – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrjeti kompjuterik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarska_mre%C5%BEa" title="Računarska mreža – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Računarska mreža" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorn%C3%A4tverk" title="Datornätverk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datornätverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtandao_wa_kompyuta" title="Mtandao wa kompyuta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtandao wa kompyuta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tingnaw_wanglu" title="tingnaw wanglu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tingnaw wanglu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="கணினி வலையமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணினி வலையமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="కంప్యూటర్ నెట్వర్క్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంప్యూటర్ నెట్వర్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Шабакаи компютерӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шабакаи компютерӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เครือข่ายคอมพิวเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครือข่ายคอมพิวเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_ng_kompyuter" title="Network ng kompyuter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Network ng kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar_a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Bilgisayar ağı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar ağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Компьютер челтәре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Компьютер челтәре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpilingizgoli_(MaKompyuta)" title="Mpilingizgoli (MaKompyuta) – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mpilingizgoli (MaKompyuta)" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94mputa_So_Nkitahodie" title="Kɔmputa So Nkitahodie – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kɔmputa So Nkitahodie" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Комп'ютерна мережа – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютерна мережа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="کمپیوٹر نیٹ ورک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر نیٹ ورک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter_tarmog%CA%BBi" title="Kompyuter tarmogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kompyuter tarmogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ng_m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Mạng máy tính – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mạng máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="计算机网络" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გჷშაკოროცხალი რშვილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გჷშაკოროცხალი რშვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="קאמפיוטער נעצווערק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאמפיוטער נעצווערק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="计算机网络" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u_b%C4%81ng-l%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Tiān-náu bāng-lō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-náu bāng-lō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="電腦網絡 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦網絡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UXhoxho_lwesiCikizi" title="UXhoxho lwesiCikizi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UXhoxho lwesiCikizi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1301371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit">perbaiki artikel ini</a></span> dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Cari sumber:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jaringan+komputer%22&num=50">"Jaringan komputer"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//google.com/search?q=%22Jaringan+komputer%22&tbm=nws">berita</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//google.com/search?&q=%22Jaringan+komputer%22+site:news.google.com/newspapers&source=newspapers">surat kabar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jaringan+komputer%22">buku</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jaringan+komputer%22">cendekiawan</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jaringan+komputer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Internet_map_1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg/220px-Internet_map_1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg/330px-Internet_map_1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Internet_map_1024.jpg/440px-Internet_map_1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Sebagian peta Internet berdasarkan data 15 Januari 2005 ditemukan di opte.org.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jaringan komputer</b> atau <b>jejaring komputer</b> (<i>computer network</i>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_telekomunikasi" title="Jaringan telekomunikasi">jejaring telekomunikasi</a> yang memungkinkan antar <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> untuk saling berkomunikasi dengan bertukar <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tujuan dari jejaring komputer adalah agar dapat mencapai tujuannya, setiap bagian dari jejaring komputer dapat meminta dan memberikan layanan (<i>service</i>). Pihak yang meminta/menerima layanan disebut kelayan (<i><a href="/wiki/Client" class="mw-redirect" title="Client">client</a></i>) dan yang memberikan/mengirim layanan disebut peladen (<i><a href="/wiki/Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Server">server</a></i>). Desain ini disebut dengan sistem <a href="/wiki/Klien-server" title="Klien-server">client-server</a>, dan digunakan pada hampir seluruh <a href="/wiki/Aplikasi" title="Aplikasi">aplikasi</a> jejaring komputer. Jejaring komputer terbagi menjadi beberapa macam yaitu <i><a href="/wiki/Local_Area_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Area Network">Local Area Network</a></i> (LAN), <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Area Network">Metropolitan Area Network</a></i> (MAN<i>)</i>, dan <i><a href="/wiki/Wide_Area_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide Area Network">Wide Area Network</a></i> (WAN).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dua buah komputer yang masing-masing memiliki sebuah <a href="/wiki/NIC" class="mw-redirect" title="NIC">kartu jejaring</a>, kemudian dihubungkan melalui <a href="/wiki/Kabel" title="Kabel">kabel</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Nirkabel" title="Nirkabel">nirkabel</a> sebagai medium transmisi data, dan terdapat perangkat lunak <a href="/wiki/Sistem_operasi_jaringan" title="Sistem operasi jaringan">sistem operasi jejaring</a> akan membentuk sebuah jejaring komputer yang sederhana. <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_nirkabel" title="Jaringan nirkabel">Jejaring nirkabel</a> beroperasi menggunakan standar  802.11b/g untuk frekuensi 2,4 GHz, standar  802.11a/ac beroperasi pada frekuensi 5 GHz, dan 802.11n/ax yang beroperasi pada kedua frekuensi. Perbedaan frekuensi 2,4GHz dan 5 GHz terdapat pada kecepatan transmisi data, <i>bandwidth</i>, dan daya cakupan. Pada 2,4GHz memiliki daya cakupan yang lebih jauh dibandingkan dengan 5 GHz, namun 5 GHz memiliki sinyal yang lebih kuat<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Apabila ingin membuat jejaring komputer yang lebih luas lagi jangkauannya, maka diperlukan peralatan tambahan seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Hub" title="Hub">hub</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridge</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Switch_jaringan" class="mw-redirect" title="Switch jaringan">switch</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Router" class="mw-redirect" title="Router">router</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway">gateway</a></i> sebagai peralatan antarsambungannya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Distributed_Processing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Distributed_Processing.jpg/220px-Distributed_Processing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Distributed_Processing.jpg/330px-Distributed_Processing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Distributed_Processing.jpg/440px-Distributed_Processing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Model <i>Distributed Processing</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Sejarah jejaring komputer bermula dari lahirnya konsep jejaring komputer pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>-an di <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> yang digagas oleh sebuah proyek pengembangan komputer MODEL I di <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratorium Bell">laboratorium Bell</a> dan group riset <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Harvard" title="Universitas Harvard">Universitas Harvard</a> yang dipimpin profesor <a href="/wiki/Howard_Aiken" title="Howard Aiken">Howard Aiken</a>. Pada mulanya proyek tersebut hanyalah ingin memanfaatkan sebuah perangkat komputer yang harus dipakai bersama. Untuk mengerjakan beberapa proses tanpa banyak membuang waktu kosong dibuatlah proses beruntun (<i>Batch Processing</i>), sehingga beberapa program bisa dijalankan dalam sebuah komputer dengan kaidah antrean. </p><p>Kemudian pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>-an ketika jenis komputer mulai berkembang sampai terciptanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">super komputer</a>, maka sebuah komputer harus melayani beberapa tempat yang tersedia (<i>terminal</i>), untuk itu ditemukan konsep distribusi proses berdasarkan waktu yang dikenal dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=TSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TSS (halaman belum tersedia)">TSS</a> (<i>Time Sharing System</i>). Maka untuk pertama kalinya bentuk jejaring (<i>network</i>) komputer diterapkan. Pada sistem TSS beberapa terminal terhubung secara seri ke sebuah komputer atau perangkat lainnya yang terhubung dalam suatu jejaring (<i>host</i>) komputer. Dalam proses TSS mulai terlihat perpaduan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">teknologi komputer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_telekomunikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknologi telekomunikasi">teknologi telekomunikasi</a> yang pada awalnya berkembang sendiri-sendiri. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Pertahanan_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Pertahanan Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Pertahanan Amerika</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (halaman belum tersedia)">U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></i> (DARPA) memutuskan untuk mengadakan riset yang bertujuan untuk menghubungkan sejumlah komputer sehingga membentuk jejaring organik pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>. Program penelitian ini dikenal dengan nama <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>. Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>, sudah lebih dari 10 komputer yang berhasil dihubungkan satu sama lain sehingga mereka bisa saling berkomunikasi dan membentuk sebuah jejaring. Dan pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> itu juga setelah beban pekerjaan bertambah banyak dan harga perangkat komputer besar mulai terasa sangat mahal, maka mulailah digunakan konsep proses pengagihan (<i>Distributed Processing</i>). Dalam proses ini beberapa <i>host</i> komputer mengerjakan sebuah pekerjaan besar secara paralel untuk melayani beberapa <i>terminal</i> yang tersambung secara seri di setiap <i>host</i> komputer. Dalam proses pengagihan sudah mutlak diperlukan perpaduan yang mendalam antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">teknologi komputer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi">telekomunikasi</a>, karena selain proses yang harus didistribusikan, semua <i>host</i> komputer wajib melayani terminal-terminalnya dalam satu perintah dari komputer pusat. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:TSS_Model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/TSS_Model.jpg/250px-TSS_Model.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/TSS_Model.jpg/375px-TSS_Model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/TSS_Model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>Ini adalah Model <i>Time Sharing System</i> (TSS)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Tomlinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Tomlinson (halaman belum tersedia)">Roy Tomlinson</a> berhasil menyempurnakan program surat elektonik (<i>email</i>) yang dibuatnya setahun yang lalu untuk <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>. Program tersebut begitu mudah untuk digunakan, sehingga langsung menjadi populer. Pada tahun yang sama yaitu tahun <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>, ikon at (@) juga diperkenalkan sebagai lambang penting yang menunjukkan “at” atau “pada”. Tahun <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>, jejaring komputer ARPANET mulai dikembangkan meluas ke luar <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Komputer <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University College (halaman belum tersedia)">University College</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> merupakan komputer pertama yang ada di luar Amerika yang menjadi anggota jejaring Arpanet. Pada tahun yang sama yaitu tahun 1973, dua orang ahli komputer yakni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinton_Cerf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinton Cerf (halaman belum tersedia)">Vinton Cerf</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Kahn (halaman belum tersedia)">Bob Kahn</a> mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar, yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran <i>International Network</i> (<a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>). Ide ini dipresentasikan untuk pertama kalinya di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Sussex" title="Universitas Sussex">Universitas Sussex</a>. Hari bersejarah berikutnya adalah tanggal <a href="/wiki/26_Maret" title="26 Maret">26 Maret</a> <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>, ketika Ratu Inggris berhasil mengirimkan surat elektronik dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Signals_and_Radar_Establishment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (halaman belum tersedia)">Royal Signals and Radar Establishment</a></i> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malvern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malvern (halaman belum tersedia)">Malvern</a>. Setahun kemudian, sudah lebih dari <a href="/wiki/100" class="mw-redirect" title="100">100</a> komputer yang bergabung di ARPANET membentuk sebuah jejaring atau <i>network</i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arpanet_logical_map,_march_1977.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png/250px-Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png/375px-Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png/500px-Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Peta logika dari <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Truscott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Truscott (halaman belum tersedia)">Tom Truscott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Ellis (halaman belum tersedia)">Jim Ellis</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Bellovin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Bellovin (halaman belum tersedia)">Steve Bellovin</a>, menciptakan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newsgroups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newsgroups (halaman belum tersedia)">newsgroups</a></i> pertama yang diberi nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=USENET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USENET (halaman belum tersedia)">USENET</a> (<i>User Network</i>) pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. Tahun <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="France Telecom">France Telecom</a> menciptakan sesuatu hal yang baru dengan meluncurkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telepon_televisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telepon televisi (halaman belum tersedia)">telepon televisi</a> pertama, di mana orang bisa saling menelepon yang juga berhubungan dengan <i>video link</i>. </p><p>Seiring dengan bertambahnya komputer yang membentuk jejaring, dibutuhkan sebuah protokol resmi yang dapat diakui dan diterima oleh semua jejaring. Untuk itu, pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> dibentuk sebuah <i><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a></i> (TCP) atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a></i> (IP) yang kita kenal hingga saat ini. Sementara itu, di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> muncul sebuah jejaring serupa yang dikenal dengan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe Network (halaman belum tersedia)">Europe Network</a></i> (EUNET) yang meliputi wilayah <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>. Jejaring <a href="/w/index.php?title=EUNET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EUNET (halaman belum tersedia)">EUNET</a> ini menyediakan jasa surat elektronik dan <i>newsgroup</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=USENET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USENET (halaman belum tersedia)">USENET</a>. </p><p>Untuk menyeragamkan alamat di jejaring komputer yang ada, maka pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> diperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Penamaan_Domain" title="Sistem Penamaan Domain">Sistem Penamaan Domain</a> atau <i>domain name system</i>, yang kini kita kenal dengan <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a>. Komputer yang tersambung dengan jejaring yang ada sudah melebihi <a href="/wiki/1000" title="1000">1000</a> komputer lebih. Pada <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>, jumlah komputer yang tersambung ke jejaring melonjak 10 kali lipat menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=10000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10000 (halaman belum tersedia)">10000</a> lebih. </p><p>Jejaring komputer terus berkembang pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarkko_Oikarinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarkko Oikarinen (halaman belum tersedia)">Jarkko Oikarinen</a> seorang berkebangsaan <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a> menemukan sekaligus memperkenalkan <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a></i> atau lebih dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a> yang memungkinkan dua orang atau lebih pengguna komputer dapat berinteraksi secara langsung dengan pengiriman pesan (<i>Chatting</i> ). Akibatnya, setahun kemudian jumlah komputer yang saling berhubungan melonjak 10 kali lipat. tak kurang dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=100000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="100000 (halaman belum tersedia)">100000</a> komputer membentuk sebuah jejaring. Pertengahan tahun <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> merupakan tahun yang paling bersejarah, ketika Tim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berners_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berners Lee (halaman belum tersedia)">Berners Lee</a> merancang sebuah program penyunting dan penjelajah yang dapat menjelajahi komputer yang satu dengan yang lainnya dengan membentuk jejaring. Program inilah yang disebut <a href="/wiki/WWW" class="mw-redirect" title="WWW">Waring Wera Wanua</a> atau <i><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></i>. </p><p>Komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jejaring sudah melampaui sejuta komputer pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. Dan pada tahun yang sama muncul istilah <i>surfing</i> (menjelajah). Dan pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>, situs-situs di <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> telah tumbuh menjadi <a href="/wiki/3000" title="3000">3000</a> alamat halaman, dan untuk pertama kalinya berbelanja melalui internet atau <i>virtual-shopping</i> atau <i>e-retail</i> muncul di situs. Pada tahun yang sama <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> didirikan, yang juga sekaligus tahun kelahiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netscape_Navigator_1.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netscape Navigator 1.0 (halaman belum tersedia)">Netscape Navigator 1.0</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Klasifikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Klasifikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Client-Server_Model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Client-Server_Model.jpg/250px-Client-Server_Model.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Client-Server_Model.jpg/375px-Client-Server_Model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Client-Server_Model.jpg/500px-Client-Server_Model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>Contoh model jejaring Klien-Server</figcaption></figure> <p>Klasifikasi jejaring komputer terbagi menjadi: </p> <ol><li>Berdasarkan geografisnya, jejaring komputer terbagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_area_lokal" title="Jaringan area lokal">jejaring area setempat</a> atau <i><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_area_lokal" title="Jaringan area lokal">Local Area Network</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/LAN" class="mw-disambig" title="LAN">LAN</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_area_metropolitan" title="Jaringan area metropolitan">Jaringan area metropolitan</a> atau <i><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_area_metropolitan" title="Jaringan area metropolitan">Metropolitan Area Network</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/MAN" class="mw-disambig" title="MAN">MAN</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Jaringan_area_luas" title="Jaringan area luas">Jaringan area luas</a> atau <i><a href="/wiki/WAN" class="mw-redirect" title="WAN">Wide Area Network</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/WAN" class="mw-redirect" title="WAN">WAN</a>). Jejaring area setempat merupakan jejaring milik pribadi di dalam sebuah gedung atau tempat yang berukuran sampai beberapa 1 - 10 kilometer. LAN sering kali digunakan untuk menghubungkan komputer-komputer pribadi dan stasiun kerja (<i><a href="/wiki/Workstation" class="mw-redirect" title="Workstation">workstation</a></i>) dalam <a href="/wiki/Kantor" title="Kantor">kantor</a> suatu perusahaan atau pabrik-pabrik untuk memakai bersama sumber daya (misalnya <a href="/wiki/Pencetak" title="Pencetak">pencetak</a> (<i>printer</i>) dan saling bertukar <a href="/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi">informasi</a>. Sedangkan jejaring area metropolitan merupakan perluasan jejaring LAN sehingga mencakup satu <a href="/wiki/Kota" title="Kota">kota</a> yang cukup luas, terdiri atas puluhan gedung yang berjarak 10 - 50 kilometer. <a href="/wiki/Kabel" title="Kabel">Kabel</a> transmisi yang digunakan adalah kabel <a href="/wiki/Serat_optik" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> (<i>Fiber Optic</i>). Jaringan area luas Merupakan jaringan antarkota, antar <a href="/wiki/Propinsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Propinsi">propinsi</a>, antar <a href="/wiki/Negara" title="Negara">negara</a>, bahkan antar <a href="/wiki/Benua" title="Benua">benua</a>. Jaraknya bisa mencakup seluruh <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a>, misalnya jaringan yang menghubungkan semua <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">bank</a> di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, atau jaringan yang menghubungkan semua kantor Perwakilan Indonesia di seluruh dunia. Media transmisi utama adalah komunikasi lewat <a href="/wiki/Satelit" title="Satelit">satelit</a>, tetapi banyak yang mengandalkan koneksi <a href="/wiki/Serat_optik" title="Serat optik">serat optik</a> antar negara.</li> <li>Berdasarkan fungsi, terbagi menjadi Jaringan <a href="/wiki/Klien-server" title="Klien-server">Klien-server</a> (<i>Client-server</i>) dan <a href="/wiki/P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="P2P">Jaringan Ujung ke ujung</a> <i>(Peer-to-peer)</i>. Jaringan klien-server pada dasarnya ada satu komputer yang disiapkan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Peladen" title="Peladen">peladen</a> (<i>server</i>) dari komputer lainnya yang sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klien (halaman belum tersedia)">klien</a> (<i>client</i>). Semua permintaan layanan sumber daya dari komputer klien harus dilewatkan ke komputer peladen, komputer peladen ini yang akan mengatur pelayanannya. Apabila komunikasi permintaan layanan sangat sibuk bahkan bisa disiapkan lebih dari satu komputer menjadi peladen, sehingga ada pembagian tugas, misalnya <i>file-server</i>, <i>print-server</i>, <i>database server</i> dan sebagainya. Tentu saja konfigurasi komputer peladen biasanya lebih dari konfigurasi komputer klien baik dari segi kapasitas memori, kapasitas <a href="/wiki/Cakram_keras" title="Cakram keras">cakram keras</a> {<i>harddisk</i>), maupun kecepatan prosesornya. Sedangkan jaringan ujung ke ujung itu ditunjukkan dengan komputer-komputer saling mendukung, sehingga setiap komputer dapat meminta pemakaian bersama sumber daya dari komputer lainnya, demikian pula harus siap melayani permintaan dari komputer lainnya. Model jaringan ini biasanya hanya bisa diterapkan pada jumlah komputer yang tidak terlalu banyak, maksimum 25, karena komunikasi akan menjadi rumit dan macet bilamana komputer terlalu banyak.</li> <li>Berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Topologi_jaringan" title="Topologi jaringan">topologi jaringan</a>, jaringan komputer dapat dibedakan atas: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_bus" title="Topologi bus">Topologi bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_bintang" title="Topologi bintang">Topologi bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_cincin" title="Topologi cincin">Topologi cincin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_mesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Topologi mesh">Topologi mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_pohon" title="Topologi pohon">Topologi pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topologi_linier" class="mw-redirect" title="Topologi linier">Topologi linier</a></li></ol></li> <li>Berdasarkan distribusi sumber informasi/data <ol><li>Jaringan terpusat <dl><dd>Jaringan ini terdiri dari komputer klien dan <a href="/wiki/Peladen" title="Peladen">peladen</a> yang mana komputer klien yang berfungsi sebagai perantara untuk mengakses sumber <a href="/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi">informasi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> yang berasal dari satu komputer <a href="/wiki/Peladen" title="Peladen">peladen</a>.</dd></dl></li> <li>Jaringan terdistribusi <dl><dd>Merupakan perpaduan beberapa jaringan terpusat sehingga terdapat beberapa komputer <a href="/wiki/Peladen" title="Peladen">peladen</a> yang saling berhubungan dengan klien membentuk sistem jaringan tertentu.</dd></dl></li></ol></li> <li>Berdasarkan media transmisi data <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_berkabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan berkabel (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan berkabel</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wired_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wired Network (halaman belum tersedia)">Wired Network</a></i>) <dl><dd>Pada jaringan ini, untuk menghubungkan satu komputer dengan komputer lain diperlukan penghubung berupa <a href="/wiki/Kabel" title="Kabel">kabel</a> jaringan. Kabel jaringan berfungsi untuk mengirim informasi dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Sinyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyal">sinyal</a> <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">listrik</a> antar komputer jaringan.</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_nirkabel" title="Jaringan nirkabel">Jaringan nirkabel</a>(<i><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></i>) <dl><dd>Merupakan jaringan dengan medium berupa gelombang <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetik">elektromagnetik</a>. Pada jaringan ini tidak diperlukan kabel untuk menghubungkan antar komputer karena menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik yang akan mengirimkan sinyal informasi antar komputer jaringan.</dd></dl></li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FMS" class="mw-redirect" title="FMS">FMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Token Bus">Token Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSMA/CD" title="CSMA/CD">CSMA/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Token ring">Token ring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shelly, Gary, et al. "Discovering Computers" 2003 Edition.</li> <li>Wendell Odom, Rus Healy, Denise Donohue. (2010) CCIE Routing and Switching. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press</li> <li>Kurose James F and Keith W. Ross: Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, Pearson Education 2005.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Stallings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Stallings (halaman belum tersedia)">William Stallings</a>, <i>Computer Networking with Internet Protocols and Technology</i>, Pearson Education 2004.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_important_publications_in_computer_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of important publications in computer science (halaman belum tersedia)">Important publications in computer networks</a></li> <li>Network Communication Architecture and Protocols: OSI Network Architecture 7 Layers Model</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitri_Bertsekas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitri Bertsekas (halaman belum tersedia)">Dimitri Bertsekas</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Gallager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Gallager (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Gallager</a>, "Data Networks," Prentice Hall, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" 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href="http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt">IEEE Ethernet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciena.com/insights/acronym-guide/">Akronim Jaringan komputer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_komputer&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mushthofa (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://setditjen.dikdasmen.kemdikbud.go.id/eppa/unggah/unduhan/INFORMATIKA-BS-KLS_X/pdf"><i>Informatika untuk SMA Kelas X</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>: Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan. hlm. 246. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-244-506-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-244-506-7">978-602-244-506-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Informatika+untuk+SMA+Kelas+X&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Pusat+Kurikulum+dan+Perbukuan&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-602-244-506-7&rft.au=Mushthofa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsetditjen.dikdasmen.kemdikbud.go.id%2Feppa%2Funggah%2Funduhan%2FINFORMATIKA-BS-KLS_X%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AJaringan+komputer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Aditya, Farhan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pustaka/168073/perencanaan-infrastruktur-jaringan-komputer-dikawasan-asrama-universitas-telkom.html">"PERENCANAAN INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN KOMPUTER DIKAWASAN ASRAMA UNIVERSITAS TELKOM"</a>. <i>TelkomUnivesity Open Libary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 2023-7-31</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TelkomUnivesity+Open+Libary&rft.atitle=PERENCANAAN+INFRASTRUKTUR+JARINGAN+KOMPUTER+DIKAWASAN+ASRAMA+UNIVERSITAS+TELKOM&rft.aulast=Aditya&rft.aufirst=Farhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.telkomuniversity.ac.id%2Fpustaka%2F168073%2Fperencanaan-infrastruktur-jaringan-komputer-dikawasan-asrama-universitas-telkom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AJaringan+komputer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fathinuddin, Muhammad (15-06-2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jrsi.sie.telkomuniversity.ac.id/JRSI/article/view/614/286">"Optimasi Jaringan Komputer Nirkabel"</a>. <i>jrsi sie telkomuniversity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 01-08-2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jrsi+sie+telkomuniversity&rft.atitle=Optimasi+Jaringan++Komputer++Nirkabel&rft.chron=15-06-2023&rft.aulast=Fathinuddin&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjrsi.sie.telkomuniversity.ac.id%2FJRSI%2Farticle%2Fview%2F614%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AJaringan+komputer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=, |date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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