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Salleh</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Muhammad Mat Salleh"> <meta name="keywords" content="Muhammad Mat Salleh"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Muhammad Mat Salleh"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1363</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Mat Salleh</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1153</span> Validity and Reliability of a Questionaire for Measuring Behaviour Change of Low Performance Employee</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazaila%20Binti%20Hassan">Hazaila Binti Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Yazid%20Bin%20Abu%20Bakar"> Abu Yazid Bin Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salleh%20Amat"> Salleh Amat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to get the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for behaviour change on low-performing officers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the behaviour of low performing officers. There are 75 items in this questionnaire which involves 5 subscales, which are the 5 dimensions intended to be studied: 1st emotional stability, 2nd psycho-spiritual enhancement, 3rd social skills development, 4th cognitive and rationality improvement and 5th behavioural alignment and adjustment. There are 2 processes in this research whereby to check the validity and reliability. Both use quantitative methods. Validity content testing has been conducted to validate the behavioural change questionnaire of the low performing officers. For the face validity, 4 people are involved, two are psychologists who carried out the program and the other two are officers of the same rank, i.e. supporting officers. They are involved in correction of sentences, languages, and grammar as well as the sentence structures so that it tallies with the purpose of studies. The questionnaire underwent content validity by the experts. Five experts are appointed to attend this session, 3 are directly involved in the construction of this questionnaire and 2 others are experts from the university with a background in questionnaire development. The result shows that the content validity obtained a high coefficient of 0.745 with a minimum and maximum value of more than 0.60 which satisfies the characteristic of Content Value Ratio. The Cronbach’s alpha result is 0.867. The highest scores are the behavioural alignment and adjustment sub-scale recorded the highest value, followed by social skills development sub-scale, cognitive and rational improvements sub-scale, psycho-spiritual enhancement sub-scale, and lastly emotional stability. Therefore, both of validity and reliability result were accepted that this questionnaire is valid and reliable can be used in the study of behaviour changes of low performing officers in the civil service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20validity" title="content validity">content validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20dimension" title=" five dimension"> five dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-performing%20officers" title=" low-performing officers"> low-performing officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882/validity-and-reliability-of-a-questionaire-for-measuring-behaviour-change-of-low-performance-employee" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1152</span> Screening of Different Exotic Varieties of Potato through Adaptability Trial for Local Cultivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arslan%20Shehroz">Arslan Shehroz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Ali"> Muhammad Amjad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Abbas"> Amjad Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Ramzan"> Imran Ramzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zunair%20Latif"> Muhammad Zunair Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the 4th most important food crop of the world after wheat, rice and maize. It is the staple food in many European countries. Being rich in starch (one of the main three food ingredients) and having the highest productivity per unit area, has great potential to address the challenge of the food security. Processed potato is also used as chips and crisps etc as ‘fast food’. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which check the production of potato and become hurdle in achievement production potential of potato. 20 new varieties along with two checks were evaluated. Plant to plant and row to row distances were maintained as 20 cm and 75 cm, respectively. The trial was conducted according to the randomized complete block design with three replications. Normal agronomic and plant protection measures were carried out in the crop. It is revealed from the experiment that exotic variety 171 gave the highest yield of 35.5 t/ha followed by Masai with 31.0 t/ha tuber yield. The check variety Simply Red 24.2 t/ha yield, while the lowest tuber yield (1.5 t/ha) was produced by the exotic variety KWS-06-125. The maximum emergence was shown by the Variety Red Sun (89.7 %). The lowest emergence was shown by the variety Camel (71.7%). Regarding tuber grades, it was noted that the maximum Ration size tubers were produced by the exotic variety Compass (3.7%), whereas 11 varieties did not produce ration size tubers at all. The variety Red Sun produced lowest percentage of small size tubers (12.7%) whereas maximum small size tubers (93.0%) were produced by the variety Jitka. Regarding disease infestation, it was noted that the maximum scab incidence (4.0%) was recorded on the variety Masai, maximum rhizoctonia attack (60.0%) was recorded on the variety Camel and maximum tuber cracking (0.7%) was noted on the variety Vendulla. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check%20variety" title="check variety">check variety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20and%20yield" title=" potential and yield"> potential and yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trial" title=" trial"> trial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43292/screening-of-different-exotic-varieties-of-potato-through-adaptability-trial-for-local-cultivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1151</span> Biosafety Study of Genetically Modified CEMB Sugarcane on Animals for Glyphosate Tolerance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminah%20Salim">Aminah Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idrees%20Ahmed%20Nasir"> Idrees Ahmed Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Qayyum%20Rao"> Abdul Qayyum Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali"> Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Anjum"> Muhammad Sohail Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Hameed"> Ayesha Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra%20Tabassum"> Bushra Tabassum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Khan"> Anwar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfan%20Ali">Arfan Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariyam%20Zameer"> Mariyam Zameer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyab%20Husnain"> Tayyab Husnain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk assessment of transgenic herbicide tolerant sugarcane having CEMB codon optimized cp4EPSPS gene was done in present study. Fifteen days old chicks taken from K&Ns Company were randomly assorted into four groups with eight chicks in each group namely control chicken group fed with commercial diet, non-transgenic group fed with non-experimental sugarcane and transgenic group fed with transgenic sugarcane with minimum and maximum level. Body weights, biochemical analysis for Urea, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, creatinine and bilirubin determination and histological examination of chicks fed with four types of feed was taken at fifteen days interval and no significant difference was observed in body weight biochemical and histological studies of all four groups. Protein isolated from the serum sample was analyzed through dipstick and SDS-PAGE, showing the absence of transgene protein in the serum sample of control and experimental groups. Moreover the amplification of cp4EPSPS gene with gene specific primers of DNA isolated from chicks blood and also from commercial diet was done to determine the presence and mobility of any nucleotide fragment of the transgene in/from feed and no amplification was obtained in feed as well as in blood extracted DNA of any group. Also no mRNA expression of cp4EPSPS gene was obtained in any tissue of four groups of chicks. From the results it is clear that there is no deleterious or harmful effect of the CEMB codon optimized transgenic cp4EPSPS sugarcane on the chicks health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicks" title="chicks">chicks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cp4EPSPS" title=" cp4EPSPS"> cp4EPSPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glyphosate" title=" glyphosate"> glyphosate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane" title=" sugarcane"> sugarcane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25869/biosafety-study-of-genetically-modified-cemb-sugarcane-on-animals-for-glyphosate-tolerance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1150</span> Impact Analysis of Quality Control Practices in Veterinary Diagnostic Labs in Lahore, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Marrium">Faiza Marrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Rabbani"> Masood Rabbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ahmad%20Sheikh"> Ali Ahmad Sheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yasin%20Tipu%20Javed%20Muhammad"> Muhammad Yasin Tipu Javed Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Raza"> Sohail Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than 75% diseases spreading in the past 10 years in human population globally are linked to veterinary sector. Veterinary diagnostic labs are the powerful ally for diagnosis, prevention and monitoring of animal diseases in any country. In order to avoid detrimental effects of errors in disease diagnostic and biorisk management, there is a dire need to establish quality control system. In current study, 3 private and 6 public sectors veterinary diagnostic labs were selected for survey. A questionnaire survey in biorisk management guidelines of CWA 15793 was designed to find quality control breaches in lab design, personal, equipment and consumable, quality control measures adopted in lab, waste management, environmental monitoring and customer care. The data was analyzed through frequency distribution statistically by using (SPSS) version 18.0. A non-significant difference was found in all parameters of lab design, personal, equipment and consumable, quality control measures adopted in lab, waste management, environmental monitoring and customer care with an average percentage of 46.6, 57.77, 52.7, 55.5, 54.44, 48.88 and 60, respectively. A non-significant difference among all nine labs were found, with highest average compliance percentage of all parameters are lab 2 (78.13), Lab 3 (70.56), Lab 5 (57.51), Lab 6 (56.37), Lab 4 (55.02), Lab 9 (49.58), Lab 7 (47.76), Lab 1 (41.01) and Lab 8 (36.09). This study shows that in Lahore district veterinary diagnostic labs are not giving proper attention to quality of their system and there is no significant difference between setups of private and public sector laboratories. These results show that most of parameters are between 50 and 80 percent, which needs some work and improvement as per WHO criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veterinary%20lab" title="veterinary lab">veterinary lab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20system" title=" quality management system"> quality management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accreditation" title=" accreditation"> accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20body" title=" regulatory body"> regulatory body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20identification" title=" disease identification"> disease identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137020/impact-analysis-of-quality-control-practices-in-veterinary-diagnostic-labs-in-lahore-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1149</span> Adding Business Value in Enterprise Applications through Quality Matrices Using Agile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Saad">Afshan Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saad"> Muhammad Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Muhammad%20Emaduddin"> Shah Muhammad Emaduddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays the business condition is so quick paced that enhancing ourselves consistently has turned into a huge factor for the presence of an undertaking. We can check this for structural building and significantly more so in the quick-paced universe of data innovation and programming designing. The lithe philosophies, similar to Scrum, have a devoted advance in the process that objectives the enhancement of the improvement procedure and programming items. Pivotal to process enhancement is to pick up data that grants you to assess the condition of the procedure and its items. From the status data, you can design activities for the upgrade and furthermore assess the accomplishment of those activities. This investigation builds a model that measures the product nature of the improvement procedure. The product quality is dependent on the useful and auxiliary nature of the product items, besides the nature of the advancement procedure is likewise vital to enhance programming quality. Utilitarian quality covers the adherence to client prerequisites, while the auxiliary quality tends to the structure of the product item's source code with reference to its practicality. The procedure quality is identified with the consistency and expectedness of the improvement procedure. The product quality model is connected in a business setting by social occasion the information for the product measurements in the model. To assess the product quality model, we investigate the information and present it to the general population engaged with the light-footed programming improvement process. The outcomes from the application and the client input recommend that the model empowers a reasonable evaluation of the product quality and that it very well may be utilized to help the persistent enhancement of the advancement procedure and programming items. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agile%20SDLC%20Tools" title="Agile SDLC Tools">Agile SDLC Tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agile%20Software%20development" title=" Agile Software development"> Agile Software development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20value" title=" business value"> business value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20applications" title=" enterprise applications"> enterprise applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBM" title=" IBM"> IBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBM%20Rational%20Team%20Concert" title=" IBM Rational Team Concert"> IBM Rational Team Concert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTC" title=" RTC"> RTC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20metrics" title=" software metrics"> software metrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103463/adding-business-value-in-enterprise-applications-through-quality-matrices-using-agile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> The Influence of Substrate and Temperature on the Growth of Phytophthora palmivora of Cocoa Black Pod Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhaida%20Salleh">Suhaida Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tee%20Yei%20Kheng"> Tee Yei Kheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Black pod is the most commonly destructive disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao) which cause major losses to global production of cocoa beans. The genus of Phytophthora is the important pathogen of this disease worldwide. The species of P. megakarya causes black pod disease in West Africa, whereas P. capsici and P. citrophthora cause the incident in Central and South America. In Malaysia, this disease is caused by P. palmivora which infect all stages of pod development including flower cushion, cherelle, immature and mature pods. This pathogen destroys up to 10% of trees yearly through stem cankers and causes 20 to 30% pod damages through black pod rot. Since P. palmivora has a high impact on cocoa yield, it is crucial to identify some of the abiotic factors that can constrain their growth. In an effort to evaluate the effect of different substrates and temperatures to the growth of P. palmivora, a laboratory study was done under a different range of temperatures. Different substrate for the growth of P. palmivora were used which are corn meal agar (CMA) media and detached pod of cocoa. An agar plug of seven days old of P. palmivora growth was transferred on both substrates and incubated at 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36ᵒC, respectively. The diameter of lesion on pod and the cultural growth of pathogen was recorded for 7 consecutive days. The optimum incubation temperature of P. palmivora on both substrates is at 27ᵒC. However, the growth tends to be inhibited as the temperature increases. No lesion developed on pod surface incubated at 36ᵒC and only a small lesion observed at 33ᵒC. The sporulation with the formation of white mycelial growth on pod surface was only visible at optimum temperature, 27ᵒC. On CMA, the pathogen grew over the entire range of temperatures tested. The study is, therefore, concluded that P. palmivora grow the best at temperature of 27ᵒC on both substrates and their growth begin to inhibit when the temperature rises to more than 27ᵒC. The growth pattern of this pathogen is similar on both pod surface and cultural media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa" title="cocoa">cocoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phytophthora%20palmivora" title=" Phytophthora palmivora"> Phytophthora palmivora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate" title=" substrate"> substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96838/the-influence-of-substrate-and-temperature-on-the-growth-of-phytophthora-palmivora-of-cocoa-black-pod-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Contractual Risk Transfer in Islamic Home Financing: Analysis in Bank Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Dahlan%20Salleh">Ahmad Dahlan Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Abdul%20Rahim%20Nik%20Abdul%20Ghani"> Nik Abdul Rahim Nik Abdul Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Firdaus%20M.%20Hatta"> Muhamad Firdaus M. Hatta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk management has implications on pricing, governance arrangements, business practices and strategy. Nowadays, home financing contract offers more in the risk transfer form to increase bank profit. This is parallel with Islamic jurisprudence method al-Kharaj bi al-thaman (gain accompanies liability for loss) and al-ghurm bil ghunm (gain is justified with risk) that determine the matching between risk transfer and returns. Malaysian financing trend is to buy house. Besides, exists transparency lacking risk transfer issues to the clients because of not been informed clearly. Terms and conditions of each financing also do not reflect clearly that the risk has been transferred to the client, justifying a determination price been made. The assumption on risk occurrence is also inaccurate as each risk is different with the type of financing contract. This makes the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 in providing standards that transparent and consistent can be used by Islamic financial institution less effective. This study examines how far the level of the risk and obligation incurred by bank and client under various Islamic home financing contract. This research is qualitative by using two methods, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews. Document analysis from literature review to identify profile, themes and risk transfer element in home financing from Islamic jurisprudence perspective. This study finds that need to create a risk transfer parameter by banks which are consistent with risk transfer theory according to Islamic jurisprudence. This study has potential to assist the authority in Islamic finance such as The Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia) in regulating Islamic banking industry so that the risk transfer valuation in home financing contract based on home financing good practice and determined risk limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20transfer" title="risk transfer">risk transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home%20financing%20contract" title=" home financing contract"> home financing contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharia%20compliant" title=" Sharia compliant"> Sharia compliant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74435/contractual-risk-transfer-in-islamic-home-financing-analysis-in-bank-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1146</span> Bacillus thuringiensis CHGP12 Uses a Multifaceted Strategy to Suppress Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea and to Enhance the Total Biomass of Chickpea Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Aslam">Muhammad Naveed Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rida%20Fatima"> Rida Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Moosa"> Anam Moosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Taimoor%20Shakeel"> Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacillus strains produce antifungal secondary metabolites making them potential candidates for suppressing Fusarium wilt of chickpea disease. In this study, eighteen Bacillus strains were evaluated for their antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing Fusarium wilt of chickpea disease. In a direct antifungal assay, thirteen strains showed significant inhibition zones while the remaining five strains did not produce inhibition zones of FOC. Bacillus thuringiensis CHGP12 was the most promising strain exhibiting the highest inhibition of FOC. Antifungal lipopeptides were extracted from CHGP12 strain which showed significant inhibition of the pathogen. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis revealed that CHGP12 was positive for the presence of iturin, fengycin, surfactin, bacillaene, bacillibactin, plantazolicin, and bacilysin. CHGP12 was tested for biochemical determinants in an in vitro qualitative test where it showed the ability to produce lipase, amylase, cellulase, protease, siderophores, and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, in a greenhouse experiment CHGP12 also showed a significant decrease in the disease severity in treated plants compared to control. Moreover, CHGP12 also exhibited a significant increase in plant growth parameters viz, root and shoot growth parameters, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate. Conclusively, our findings present the promising potential of Bacillus strain CHGP12 to suppress Fusarium wilt of chickpea and to promote plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20chromatography%20mass%20spectrometry" title="liquid chromatography mass spectrometry">liquid chromatography mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20promotion" title=" growth promotion"> growth promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antagonism" title=" antagonism"> antagonism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolytic%20enzymes" title=" hydrolytic enzymes"> hydrolytic enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopeptides." title=" lipopeptides."> lipopeptides.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158702/bacillus-thuringiensis-chgp12-uses-a-multifaceted-strategy-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-of-chickpea-and-to-enhance-the-total-biomass-of-chickpea-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1145</span> Gc-ms Data Integrated Chemometrics for the Authentication of Vegetable Oil Brands in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaq%20Bolakale%20Salau">Rasaq Bolakale Salau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maimuna%20Muhammad%20Abubakar"> Maimuna Muhammad Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Yisa"> Jonathan Yisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tauheed%20Bisiriyu"> Muhammad Tauheed Bisiriyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimoh%20Oladejo%20Tijani"> Jimoh Oladejo Tijani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Ifeanyi%20Ajai"> Alexander Ifeanyi Ajai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetables oils are widely consumed in Nigeria. This has led to competitive manufacture of various oil brands. This leads increasing tendencies for fraud, labelling misinformation and other unwholesome practices. A total of thirty samples including raw and corresponding branded samples of vegetable oils were collected. The Oils were extracted from raw ground nut, soya bean and oil palm fruits. The GC-MS data was subjected to chemometric techniques of PCA and HCA. The SOLO 8.7 version of the standalone chemometrics software developed by Eigenvector research incorporated and powered by PLS Toolbox was used. The GCMS fingerprint gave basis for discrimination as it reveals four predominant but unevenly distributed fatty acids: Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (10.27- 45.21% PA), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (10.9 - 45.94% PA), 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (18.75 - 45.65%PA), and Eicosanoic acid methyl ester (1.19% - 6.29%PA). In PCA modelling, two PCs are retained at cumulative variance captured at 73.15%. The score plots indicated that palm oil brands are most aligned with raw palm oil. PCA loading plot reveals the signature retention times between 4.0 and 6.0 needed for quality assurance and authentication of the oils samples. They are of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes functional groups. HCA dendrogram which was modeled using Euclidian distance through Wards method, indicated co-equivalent samples. HCA revealed the pair of raw palm oil brand and palm oil brand in the closest neighbourhood (± 1.62 % A difference) based on variance weighted distance. It showed Palm olein brand to be most authentic. In conclusion, based on the GCMS data with chemometrics, the authenticity of the branded samples is ranked as: Palm oil > Soya oil > groundnut oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title="vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title=" authenticity"> authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCA" title=" HCA"> HCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190371/gc-ms-data-integrated-chemometrics-for-the-authentication-of-vegetable-oil-brands-in-minna-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1144</span> Surface Deformation Studies in South of Johor Using the Integration of InSAR and Resistivity Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirajo%20Abubakar">Sirajo Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Ahmad%20Abir"> Ismail Ahmad Abir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sabiu%20Bala"> Muhammad Sabiu Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mustapha%20Adejo"> Muhammad Mustapha Adejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20Shanmugaveloo"> Aravind Shanmugaveloo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years, land subsidence has been a serious threat mostly to urban areas. Land subsidence is the sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the ground’s surface with little or no horizontal motion. In most areas, land subsidence is a slow process that covers a large area; therefore, it is sometimes left unnoticed. South of Johor is the area of interest for this project because it is going through rapid urbanization. The objective of this research is to evaluate and identify potential deformations in the south of Johor using integrated remote sensing and 2D resistivity methods. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) which is a remote sensing technique has the potential to map coherent displacements at centimeter to millimeter resolutions. Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) stacking technique was applied to Sentinel-1 data to detect the earth deformation in the study area. A dipole-dipole configuration resistivity profiling was conducted in three areas to determine the subsurface features in that area. This subsurface features interpreted were then correlated with the remote sensing technique to predict the possible causes of subsidence and uplifts in the south of Johor. Based on the results obtained, West Johor Bahru (0.63mm/year) and Ulu Tiram (1.61mm/year) are going through uplift due to possible geological uplift. On the other end, East Johor Bahru (-0.26mm/year) and Senai (-1.16mm/year) undergo subsidence due to possible fracture and granitic boulders loading. Land subsidence must be taken seriously as it can cause serious damages to infrastructures and human life. Monitoring land subsidence and taking preventive actions must be done to prevent any disasters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometric%20synthetic%20aperture%20radar" title="interferometric synthetic aperture radar">interferometric synthetic aperture radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persistent%20scatter" title=" persistent scatter"> persistent scatter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20spanning%20tree" title=" minimum spanning tree"> minimum spanning tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidence" title=" subsidence "> subsidence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112740/surface-deformation-studies-in-south-of-johor-using-the-integration-of-insar-and-resistivity-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1143</span> Differential Diagnosis of Malaria and Dengue Fever on the Basis of Clinical Findings and Laboratory Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan">Aman Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus"> Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqil%20Ijaz"> Aqil Ijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muti-Ur-Rehman%20Khan"> Muti-Ur-Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayyed%20Aun%20Muhammad"> Sayyed Aun Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Idrees"> Asif Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanan%20Raza"> Sanan Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Nasir"> Amar Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dengue fever and malaria are important vector-borne diseases of public health significance affecting millions of people around the globe. Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus while malaria is caused by plasmodium protozoan. Generally, the consequences of Malaria are less severe compared to dengue fever. This study was designed to differentiate dengue fever and malaria on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings and to compare the changes in both diseases having different causative agents transmitted by the common vector. A total of 200 patients of dengue viral infection (120 males, 80 females) were included in this prospective descriptive study. The blood samples of the individuals were first screened for malaria by blood smear examination and then the negative samples were tested by anti-dengue IgM strip. The strip positive cases were further screened by IgM capture ELISA and their complete blood count including hemoglobin estimation (Hb), total and differential leukocyte counts (TLC and DLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet counts were performed. On the basis of the severity of signs and symptoms, dengue virus infected patients were subdivided into dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) comprising 70 and 100 confirmed patients, respectively. On the other hand, 30 patients were found infected with Malaria while overall 120 patients showed thrombocytopenia. The patients of DHF were found to have more leucopenia, raised hemoglobin level and thrombocytopenia < 50,000/µl compared to the patients belonging to DF and malaria. On the basis of the outcomes of the study, it was concluded that patients affected by DF were at a lower risk of undergoing haematological disturbance than suffering from DHF. While, the patients infected by Malaria were found to have no significant change in their blood components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue%20fever" title="dengue fever">dengue fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood" title=" blood"> blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum" title=" serum"> serum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34925/differential-diagnosis-of-malaria-and-dengue-fever-on-the-basis-of-clinical-findings-and-laboratory-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1142</span> Consequences of Youth Bulge in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq">Muhammad Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Idrees"> Muhammad Idrees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study has been designed to explore the causes and effects of Youth Bulge in Pakistan. However, youth bulge is a part of population segment which create problem for the whole society. The youth bulge is a common phenomenon in many developing countries, and in particular, in the least developed countries. It is often due to a stage of development where a country achieves success in reducing infant mortality but mothers still have a high fertility rate. The result is that a large share of the population is comprised of children and young adults, and today’s children are tomorrow’s young adults. Youth often play a prominent role in political violence and the existence of a “youth bulge” has been associated with times of political crisis. The population pyramid of Pakistan represents a large youth proportion and our government did not use that youth in positive way and did not provide them opportunity for development, this situation creates frustration in youth that leads them towards conflict, unrest and violence. This study will be focus on the opportunity and motives of the youth bulge situation in Pakistan in the lens of youth bulge theory. Moreover, it will give some suggestions to utilize youth in the development activities and avoid youth bulge situation in Pakistan. The present research was conducted in the metropolitan entities of Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 300 respondents was taken from three randomly selected metropolitan entities (Faisalabad, Lahore and Rawalpindi) of Punjab Province of Pakistan. Information regarding demography, household, locality and other socio-cultural variables related to causes and effects of youth bulge in the state was collected through a well structured interview schedule. Mean, Standard Deviation and frequency distribution were used to check the measure of central tendency. Multiple linear regression was also applied to measure the influence of various independent variables on the response variable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20bulge" title="youth bulge">youth bulge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20unrest" title=" social unrest"> social unrest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan%20entities" title=" metropolitan entities"> metropolitan entities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean" title=" mean"> mean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20deviation" title=" standard deviation"> standard deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20linear%20regression" title=" multiple linear regression "> multiple linear regression </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36290/consequences-of-youth-bulge-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1141</span> Comparison of Small Ruminants (Sheep) Production Efficiency of Nomadic and Transhumance Flocks in Malakand, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Nawaz%20Khan">Akbar Nawaz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Ghaffar"> Abdul Ghaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdur%20Rehman"> Abdur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Riaz"> Muhammad Naeem Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Muhammad%20Hassan%20Andrabi"> Sayed Muhammad Hassan Andrabi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to compare sheep rearing in nomadic with transhumance system in term of production parameters. The following parameters which studied for comparison were household size, landholding area, flock size, body condition score, fecal egg count and live weight change in sheep under nomadic and transhumance systems of management in Malakand since October 2010 to March 2011. Further the effects of Body Condition Score (BCS) and Fecal Egg Count (FEC) on production were also examined. Two systems were checked for the purpose to check the efficiency of production. A total of eight flocks, four each from nomadic and transhumance system were selected for the study; each flock was divided into treatment and controlled groups to check the effect of treatment or de-wormers. A total of 160 animals were selected randomly (80 treated, 80 controlled). The adult ram average weight transhumance system was 55.58 kg while in nomadic that was 54.16 kg, weight change was positive, and the highest change was recorded in transhumance treated which was 13%. Fecal egg count was record low (75 EPG) in transhumance treated group while high (330 EPG) in nomadic controlled. Body condition score was recorded 3.6 for transhumance treated and 3.32 for nomadic treated. It is concluded from the present study that transhumance system performed significantly (p < 0.05) better in respect of live weight, BCS, FEC, family size, Landholding area, number of animals in a flock, offspring record, culling, and mortality. Mean values are 7.367 ± 0221, 0.900 ± 0.071, 63.167 ± 1.559, 55.600 ± 1.480, 8.300 ± 0.321 and 2.500 ± 0.158 respectively. De-wormer effect on FEC showed a significant reduction in egg load in mature sheep on both systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20ruminant" title="small ruminant">small ruminant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep" title=" sheep"> sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nomadic" title=" nomadic"> nomadic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transhumance" title=" transhumance"> transhumance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malakand" title=" Malakand"> Malakand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20efficiency" title=" production efficiency"> production efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85727/comparison-of-small-ruminants-sheep-production-efficiency-of-nomadic-and-transhumance-flocks-in-malakand-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1140</span> Dosimetric Dependence on the Collimator Angle in Prostate Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Isa%20Khan">Muhammad Isa Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalil%20Ur%20Rehman"> Jalil Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal%20Khan%20Rao"> Muhammad Afzal Khan Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Chow"> James Chow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study investigates the dose-volume variations in planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) using different collimator angles for smart arc prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Awareness of the collimator angle for PTV and OARs sparing is essential for the planner because optimization contains numerous treatment constraints producing a complex, unstable and computationally challenging problem throughout its examination of an optimal plan in a rational time. Materials and Methods: Single arc VMAT plans at different collimator angles varied systematically (0°-90°) were performed on a Harold phantom and a new treatment plan is optimized for each collimator angle. We analyzed the conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), monitor units (MUs), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses to PTV. We also explored OARs (e.g. bladder, rectum and femoral heads), dose-volume criteria in the treatment plan (e.g. D30%, D50%, V30Gy and V38Gy of bladder and rectum; D5%,V14Gy and V22Gy of femoral heads), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses for smart arc VMAT at different collimator angles. Results: There was no significance difference found in VMAT optimization at all studied collimator angles. However, if 0.5% accuracy is concerned then collimator angle = 45° provides higher CI and lower HI. Collimator angle = 15° also provides lower HI values like collimator angle 45°. It is seen that collimator angle = 75° is established as a good for rectum and right femur sparing. Collimator angle = 90° and collimator angle = 30° were found good for rectum and left femur sparing respectively. The PTV dose coverage statistics for each plan are comparatively independent of the collimator angles. Conclusion: It is concluded that this study will help the planner to have freedom to choose any collimator angle from (0°-90°) for PTV coverage and select a suitable collimator angle to spare OARs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VMAT" title="VMAT">VMAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose-volume%20histogram" title=" dose-volume histogram"> dose-volume histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collimator%20angle" title=" collimator angle"> collimator angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organs-at-risk" title=" organs-at-risk"> organs-at-risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950/dosimetric-dependence-on-the-collimator-angle-in-prostate-volumetric-modulated-arc-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1139</span> Synthesis, Computational Studies, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Bio-Evaluation of 2,5-Disubstituted- 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibghat%20Mansoor%20Rana">Sibghat Mansoor Rana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Islam"> Muhammad Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Saeed"> Hamid Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hummera%20Rafique"> Hummera Rafique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Majid"> Muhammad Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir%20Aqeel"> Muhammad Tahir Aqeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariha%20Imtiaz"> Fariha Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaman%20Ashraf"> Zaman Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives Ox-6a-f have been synthesized by incorporating flur- biprofen moiety with the aim to explore the potential of target molecules to decrease the oxidative stress. The title compounds Ox-6a-f were prepared by simple reactions in which a flurbiprofen –COOH group was esterified with methanol in an acid-catalyzed medium, which was then reacted with hydrazine to afford the corresponding hydrazide. The acid hydrazide was then cyclized into 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol by reacting with CS2 in the presence of KOH. The title compounds Ox-6a-f were synthesized by the reaction of an –SH group with various alkyl/aryl chlorides, which involves an S-alkylation reaction. The structures of the synthesized Ox-6a-f derivatives were ascer- tained by spectroscopic data. The in silico molecular docking was performed against target proteins cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 (PDBID 5KIR) and cyclooxygenase-1 COX-1 (PDBID 6Y3C) to determine the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds with these structures. It has been inferred that most of the synthesized compounds bind well with an active binding site of 5KIR compared to 6Y3C, and especially compound Ox-6f showed excellent binding affinity (7.70 kcal/mol) among all synthesized compounds Ox-6a-f. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation has also been performed to check the stability of docking complexes of ligands with COX-2 by determining their root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation. Little fluctuation was observed in case of Ox-6f, which forms the most stable complex with COX-2. The comprehensive antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds has been evaluated by determining their free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH, OH, nitric oxide (NO), and iron chelation assay. The derivative Ox-6f showed promising results with 80.23% radical scavenging potential at a dose of 100 μg/mL while ascorbic acid exhibited 87.72% inhibition at the same dose. The anti-inflammatory activity of the final products has also been performed, and inflammatory markers were assayed, such as a thiobarbituric acid-reducing substance, nitric oxide, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and COX-2. The derivatives Ox-6d and Ox-6f displayed higher anti-inflammatory activity, exhibiting 70.56% and 74.16% activity, respectively. The results were compared with standard ibuprofen, which showed 84.31% activity at the same dose, 200 μg/mL. The anti-inflammatory potential has been performed by following the carrageen-induced hind paw edema model, and results showed that derivative Ox-6f exhibited 79.83% reduction in edema volume compared to standard ibuprofen, which reduced 84.31% edema volume. As dry lab and wet lab results confirm each other, it has been deduced that derivative Ox-6f may serve as the lead structure to design potent compounds to address oxidative stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20chemistry" title="synthetic chemistry">synthetic chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20chemistry" title=" pharmaceutical chemistry"> pharmaceutical chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxadiazole%20derivatives" title=" oxadiazole derivatives"> oxadiazole derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory" title=" anti-inflammatory"> anti-inflammatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-cancer%20compounds" title=" anti-cancer compounds"> anti-cancer compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193708/synthesis-computational-studies-antioxidant-and-anti-inflammatory-bio-evaluation-of-25-disubstituted-134-oxadiazole-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1138</span> Characterization of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Olive Cultivars Grown in Pothwar, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abida%20Mariam">Abida Mariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwaar%20Ahmed"> Anwaar Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Ahmad"> Asif Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sheeraz%20Ahmad"> Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akram%20Khan"> Muhammad Akram Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mazahir"> Muhammad Mazahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plant olive (Olea europaea L.) is known for its commercial significance due to nutritional and health benefits. Pakistan is ranked 4th among countries who import olive oil whereas, 70% of edible oil is imported to fulfil the needs of the country. There exists great potential for Olea europaea cultivation in Pakistan. The popularity and cultivation of olive fruit has increased in recent past due to its high socio-economic and health significance. There exist almost negligible data on the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oil extracted from cultivars grown in Pothwar, an area with arid climate conducive for growth of olive trees. Keeping in view these factors a study has been conducted to characterize the olive oil extracted from olive cultivars collected from Pothwar regions of Pakistan for their nutritional potential and value addition. Ten olive cultivars (Gemlik, Coratina, Sevillano, Manzanilla, Leccino, Koroneiki, Frantoio, Arbiquina, Earlik and Ottobratica) were collected from Barani Agriculture Research Institute, Chakwal. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) was extracted by cold pressing and centrifuging of olive fruits. The highest amount of oil was yielded in Coratina (23.9%) followed by Frantoio (23.7%), Koroneiki (22.8%), Sevillano (22%), Ottobratica (22%), Leccino (20.5%), Arbiquina (19.2%), Manzanilla (17.2%), Earlik (14.4%) and Gemllik (13.1%). The extracted virgin olive oil was studied for various physico- chemical properties and fatty acid profile. The Physical and chemical properties i.e., characteristic odor and taste, light yellow color with no foreign matter, insoluble impurities (≤0.08), fee fatty acid (0.1 to 0.8), acidity (0.5 to 1.6 mg/g acid), peroxide value (1.5 to 5.2 meqO2/kg), Iodine value (82 to 90), saponification value (186 to 192 mg/g) and unsaponifiable matter (4 to 8g/kg), ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis (k232 and k270), showed values in the acceptable range, established by PSQCA and IOOC set for extra virgin olive oil. Olive oil was analyzed by Near Infra-Red spectrophotometry (NIR) for fatty acids sin olive oils which were found as: palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic. Major fatty acid was Oleic acid in the highest percentage ranging from (55 to 66.1%), followed by linoleic (10.4 to 20.4%), palmitic (13.8 to 19.5%), stearic (3.9 to 4.4%), palmitoleic (0.3 to 1.7%) and alpha-linolenic (0.9 to 1.7%). The results were significant with differences in parameters analyzed for all ten cultivars which confirm that genetic factors are important contributors in the physico-chemical characteristics of oil. The olive oil showed superior physical and chemical properties and recommended as one of the healthiest forms of edible oil. This study will help consumers to be more aware of and make better choices of healthy oils available locally thus contributing towards their better health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title="characterization">characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra%20virgin%20olive%20oil" title=" extra virgin olive oil"> extra virgin olive oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20yield" title=" oil yield"> oil yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154730/characterization-of-extra-virgin-olive-oil-from-olive-cultivars-grown-in-pothwar-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1137</span> Pilgrimage: Between Culture and Religion Case study of Pilgrimage in Shia tradition in Indonesia, Traditional Philosophy approach of Seyyed Hosein Nasr and Religious Experience of William James</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%27ruf">Ma'ruf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pilgrimage has a universal value, founded in every religion. No exception to Islam, has a ritual value, and became part of the religion, as well as the procession of a social culture in nature. The tradition of pilgrimage, especially in Indonesia, rooted in the society, because the Islam that entered into the archipelago through Sufism (tasawuf). In the Sufi tradition, the interconnecty of the human spirit (ruh) to the spirit (ruh) of God, must go through a guardian (wasilah) appointed by God himself ,the prophet Muhammad and wali. In the process of pilgrimage rituals usually by reading the prayer to praise God, the prophet and wali, then convey intent (hajat). In the pilgrimage procession, usually not only done in the house, but aslo completed the process by direct pilgrimage visiting the tombs of saints. The tradition of pilgrimage, especially in Indonesia continues to be maintained, and still attached to the traditions in Nahdiyin (NU followers). The relationship with God manifested in wasilah prayer to God, the prophet Muhammad, the best companions of the Prophet and Nine wali (Songo), who had been influential in spreading Islam in Java. The tradition of pilgrimage in Indonesia is also linked to the Shia community in Indonesia, along with a growing number of followers of the Shia in Indonesia, especially after the Islamic revolution of Iran after the 1979. Pilgrimage in the Shia community, Likewise NU members also pray with supplication of tawasul to the Prophet and Shia Imams. If NU members to make improvements pilgrimage to visit the tomb wali Songo in Java, residents Shia pilgrimage rituals abroad, usually one package with umrah trip, with a pilgrimage to the tomb of the prophet, proceed to the tomb of the Imam Shia, in Iran and Iraq. Trends of pilgrimage as a ritual in the Indonesian Shia tradition, together with the growing number of Shia residents increased, followed by increasing the awareness (syi’isme) - bond with the Imam, Shia. In every certain months (arbaeen, asyuro) Shia pilgrims routinely perform pilgrimage, along with increasing number spiritual travel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20approach" title="traditional approach">traditional approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20experience" title=" religious experience"> religious experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilgrimage" title=" pilgrimage"> pilgrimage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syria" title=" Syria"> Syria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44045/pilgrimage-between-culture-and-religion-case-study-of-pilgrimage-in-shia-tradition-in-indonesia-traditional-philosophy-approach-of-seyyed-hosein-nasr-and-religious-experience-of-william-james" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1136</span> Muhammad Bin Abi Al-Surūr Al-Bakriyy Al-Ṣiddīqiyy and His Approach to Interpretation: Sūrat Al-Fatḥ as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleem%20Abu%20Jaber">Saleem Abu Jaber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Born into a Sufi family, in which his father and other relatives, as well as additional community members, were particularly rooted in scholarly and cultural inquiry, Muḥammad ʾAbū al-Surūr al-Bikriyy al-Ṣidīqiyy (1562–1598 CE) was a prominent scholar of his time. Despite his relative youth, he became influential in his writings, which included Quranic exegeses and works on Hadith, Arabic grammar, jurisprudence, and Sufism. He was also a practicing physician and was the first person to be named Mufti of the Sultanate in Egypt. He was active in the political arena, having been close to the Ottoman sultans, providing them his support and counsel. He strived for their empowerment and victory and often influenced their political convictions and actions. Al-Ṣidīqiyy enjoyed the patronage of his contemporary Ottoman Caliphate sultans. In general, these sultans always promoted studies in the Islamic sciences and were keen to support scholars and gain their trust. This paper addresses al-Ṣidīqiyy’s legacy as a Quranic commentator, focusing on his exegesis (tafsīr) of Sūrat al-Fatḥ (48), written in 1589. It appears in a manuscript found at the Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul, consisting of one volume of 144 pages. It is believed that no other manuscript containing the text of this exegesis is to be found in any other library or institute for Arabic manuscripts. According to al-Ṣabbāġ (1995), al-Ṣidīqiyy had written a complete commentary of the Quran, but efforts to recover it have only unearthed the current commentary, as well as that of Sūrat al-Kahf (18), Sūrat al-ʾAnʿām (6), and ʾĀyat al-Kursī (2:255). The only critical edition published to date is that of Sūrat al-Kahf. The other two are currently being prepared for publication as well. The paucity of scholarly studies on the works of al-Ṣidīqiyy renders the current study particularly significant, as it provides introduction to al-Ṣidīqiyy’s exegesis, a synopsis of the biographical and cultural background of its author and his family, and a critical evaluation of his scholarly contribution. It will introduce the manuscript on which this study is based and elaborate on the structure and rationale of the exegesis, on its very attribution to al-Ṣidīqiyy, and subsequently evaluate its overall significance to the understanding of Sufi approaches to Quranic interpretation in 16th century Ottoman Egypt. An analysis of al-Ṣidīqiyy’s approach to interpreting the Quran leads to the definitive conclusion that it indeed reflects Sufi principles. For instance, when citing other Sufi commentators, including his own ancestors, he uses the epithets mawlāna ‘our elder, our patron,’ al-ʾustāḏ ‘the master,’ unique to Sufi parlance. Crucially, his interpretation, is written in a realistic, uncomplicated, fetching style, as was customary among Sufi scholars of his time, whose leaning was one of clarity, based on their perception of themselves as being closest to Muḥammad and his family, and by extension to the sunna, as reflected in the traditional narrative of the Prophet’s biography and teachings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quran%E2%80%99%20sufiism" title="Quran’ sufiism">Quran’ sufiism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manuscript" title=" manuscript"> manuscript</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exegesis" title=" exegesis"> exegesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surah" title=" surah"> surah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-fath" title=" Al-fath"> Al-fath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sultanate" title=" sultanate"> sultanate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunna" title=" sunna"> sunna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183521/muhammad-bin-abi-al-surur-al-bakriyy-al-siddiqiyy-and-his-approach-to-interpretation-surat-al-fat-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1135</span> Measurement and Monitoring of Graduate Attributes via iCGPA Implementation and ACADEMIA Programming: UNIMAS Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanti%20Faridah%20Salleh">Shanti Faridah Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzahrah%20Anuar"> Azzahrah Anuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamimah%20Ujir"> Hamimah Ujir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Sapawi"> Rohana Sapawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Hashim%20Wan%20Ibrahim"> Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraziah%20Abdul%20Wahab"> Noraziah Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majina%20Sulaiman"> Majina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raudhah%20Ahmadi"> Raudhah Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Khalid%20Othman"> Al-Khalid Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johari%20Abdullah"> Johari Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrated Cumulative Grade Point Average or iCGPA is an evaluation and reporting system that represents a comprehensive development of students’ achievement in their academic programs. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS has started its implementation of iCGPA in 2016. iCGPA is driven by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) system that has been long integrated into the higher education in Malaysia. iCGPA is not only a tool to enhance the OBE concept through constructive alignment but it is also an integrated mechanism to assist various stakeholders in making decisions or planning for program improvement. The outcome of this integrated system is the reporting of students’ academic performance in terms of cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (attitude) of which the students acquire throughout the duration of their study. The iCGPA reporting illustrates the attainment of student’s attribute in the eight domains of learning outcomes listed in the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF). This paper discusses on the implementation of iCGPA in UNIMAS on the policy and strategy to direct the whole university to implement the iCGPA. The steps and challenges in integrating the exsting Outcome-Based Education and utilising iCGPA as a tool to quantify the students’ achievement are also highlighted in this paper. Finally, the ACADEMIA system, which is a dedicated centralised program ensure the implementation of iCGPA is a success has been developed. This paper discusses the structure and the analysis of ACADEMIA program and concludes the analysis made on the improvement made on the implementation of constructive alignment in all 40 programs involves in iCGPA implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructive%20alignment" title="constructive alignment">constructive alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20graduates" title=" holistic graduates"> holistic graduates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping%20of%20assessment" title=" mapping of assessment"> mapping of assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme%20outcome" title=" programme outcome"> programme outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051/measurement-and-monitoring-of-graduate-attributes-via-icgpa-implementation-and-academia-programming-unimas-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1134</span> Design of Traffic Counting Android Application with Database Management System and Its Comparative Analysis with Traditional Counting Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nouman">Muhammad Nouman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Tiwana"> Fahad Tiwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan"> Muhammad Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Tiwana"> Mohsin Tiwana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion has been increasing significantly in major metropolitan areas as a result of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth and changes in the urban density. Traffic congestion compromises efficiency of transport infrastructure and causes multiple traffic concerns; including but not limited to increase of travel time, safety hazards, air pollution, and fuel consumption. Traffic management has become a serious challenge for federal and provincial governments, as well as exasperated commuters. Effective, flexible, efficient and user-friendly traffic information/database management systems characterize traffic conditions by making use of traffic counts for storage, processing, and visualization. While, the emerging data collection technologies continue to proliferate, its accuracy can be guaranteed through the comparison of observed data with the manual handheld counters. This paper presents the design of tablet based manual traffic counting application and framework for development of traffic database management system for Pakistan. The database management system comprises of three components including traffic counting android application; establishing online database and its visualization using Google maps. Oracle relational database was chosen to develop the data structure whereas structured query language (SQL) was adopted to program the system architecture. The GIS application links the data from the database and projects it onto a dynamic map for traffic conditions visualization. The traffic counting device and example of a database application in the real-world problem provided a creative outlet to visualize the uses and advantages of a database management system in real time. Also, traffic data counts by means of handheld tablet/ mobile application can be used for transportation planning and forecasting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manual%20count" title="manual count">manual count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20data%20sources" title=" emerging data sources"> emerging data sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20information%20quality" title=" traffic information quality"> traffic information quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20surveillance" title=" traffic surveillance"> traffic surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20counting%20device" title=" traffic counting device"> traffic counting device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=android%3B%20data%20visualization" title=" android; data visualization"> android; data visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20management" title=" traffic management"> traffic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101612/design-of-traffic-counting-android-application-with-database-management-system-and-its-comparative-analysis-with-traditional-counting-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> Avifauna of Bara Gali Summer Campus, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saif%20Ullah">Saif Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaigham%20Hasan"> Zaigham Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali"> Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qaisar%20Jamal"> Qaisar Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20Salahuddin"> Kiran Salahuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Awais"> Muhammad Awais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Survey of avian fauna of Bara Gali Summer Campus, University of Peshawar situated in Abbottabad was conducted from April to October, 2013. A total of 21 species belonging to 5 orders and 15 families were recorded. Out of these, 6 were resident, 12 summer visitor and 3 rare. Order Passeriformes was represented by 16 species which are Certhia himalayana, Megalaima virens, Phylloscopus trochiloides, Garrulax lineatus, Passer rutilans, Corvus macrorhynchos, Hypsipetes leucocephalus, Acridotheres tristis, Delichon dasypus cashmeriensis, Hirundo rustica, Muscicapa thalassina, Saxicola ferrea, Myiophoneus caeruleus, Parus melonolophus, Parus rufonuchalis, Parus monticolus, belonging to 11 families. Two species Dendrocopos himalayansis and Picus squamatus belong to only one family Picidae of order Piciformes. Among rest of the three orders each is represented by only a single species; Accipitriformes by Accipiter virgatus, Coraciformes by Upupa epops while order Psittaciformes has been represented by Psittacula himalayana. The distribution and abundance varied with season and maximum number of species were found during the monsoon season when most of the birds migrate for breeding. Some habits and behaviors like nesting, feeding, breeding and vocalizations were also studied which are very unique from other birds found at lower elevations. Among bird species adapted to diverse habitat in the field, Himalayan Jungle Crow, Common Mynas, Bulbuls, Barn Swallows, barbets were prominent. Interesting feature of the avian fauna is its familiarity with flora, was also observed during the present studies that some birds are very quick and active in their movement on a tree surface i.e Certhia himalayana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avifauna%20diversity" title="avifauna diversity">avifauna diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bara%20Gali" title=" Bara Gali"> Bara Gali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbottabad" title=" Abbottabad"> Abbottabad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47109/avifauna-of-bara-gali-summer-campus-university-of-peshawar-khyber-pakhtunkhwa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> Simulation of Nano Drilling Fluid in an Extended Reach Well</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Jassim">Lina Jassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robiah%20Yunus"> Robiah Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amran%20Salleh">Amran Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since nano particles have been assessed as thermo stabilizer, rheology enhancer, and ecology safer, nano drilling fluid can be utilized to overcome the complexity of hole cleaning in highly deviated interval of an extended reach wells. The eccentric annular flow is a flow with special considerations; it forms a vital part of drilling fluid flow analysis in an extended reach wells. In this work eccentric, dual phase flow (different types of rock cuttings with different size were blended with nano fluid) through horizontal well (an extended reach well) are simulated with the help of CFD, Fluent package. In horizontal wells flow occurs in an adverse pressure gradient condition, that makes the particle inside it susceptible to reversed flow. Thus the flow has to be analyzed in a three dimensional manner. Moreover the non-Newtonian behavior of the nano fluid makes the problem really challenging in numerical and physical aspects. The primary objective of the work is to establish a relationship between different flow characteristics with the speed of inner wall rotation. The nano fluid flow characteristics include swirl of flow and its effect on wellbore cleaning ability , wall shear stress and its effect on fluid viscosity to suspend and carry the rock cuttings, axial velocity and its effect on transportation of rock cuttings to the wellbore surface, finally pressure drop and its effect on managed of drilling pressure. The importance of eccentricity of the inner cylinder has to be analyzed as a part of it. Practical horizontal well flows contain a good amount of particles (rock cuttings) with moderate axial velocity, which verified nano drilling fluid ability of carrying and transferring cuttings particles in the highly deviated eccentric annular flow is also of utmost importance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Non-Newtonian" title="Non-Newtonian">Non-Newtonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase" title=" dual phase"> dual phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentric%20annular" title=" eccentric annular"> eccentric annular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21675/simulation-of-nano-drilling-fluid-in-an-extended-reach-well" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> Paper-Like and Battery Free Sensor Patches for Wound Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodi%20Su">Xiaodi Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Ting%20Zheng"> Xin Ting Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Sutarlie"> Laura Sutarlie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Asinah%20binte%20Mohamed%20Salleh"> Nur Asinah binte Mohamed Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Yu"> Yong Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wound healing is a dynamic process with multiple phases. Rapid profiling and quantitative characterization of inflammation and infection remain challenging. We have developed paper-like battery-free multiplexed sensors for holistic wound assessment via quantitative detection of multiple inflammation and infection markers. In one of the designs, the sensor patch consists of a wax-printed paper panel with five colorimetric sensor channels arranged in a pattern resembling a five-petaled flower (denoted as a ‘Petal’ sensor). The five sensors are for temperature, pH, trimethylamine, uric acid, and moisture. The sensor patch is sandwiched between a top transparent silicone layer and a bottom adhesive wound contact layer. In the second design, a palm-like-shaped paper strip is fabricated by a paper-cutter printer (denoted as ‘Palm’ sensor). This sensor strip carries five sensor regions connected by a stem sampling entrance that enables rapid colorimetric detection of multiple bacteria metabolites (aldehyde, lactate, moisture, trimethylamine, tryptophan) from wound exudate. For both the “\’ Petal’ and ‘Palm’ sensors, color images can be captured by a mobile phone. According to the color changes, one can quantify the concentration of the biomarkers and then determine wound healing status and identify/quantify bacterial species in infected wounds. The ‘Petal’ and ‘Palm’ sensors are validated with in-situ animal and ex-situ skin wound models, respectively. These sensors have the potential for integration with wound dressing to allow early warning of adverse events without frequent removal of the plasters. Such in-situ and early detection of non-healing condition can trigger immediate clinical intervention to facilitate wound care management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20infection" title="wound infection">wound infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorimetric%20sensor" title=" colorimetric sensor"> colorimetric sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20fluidic%20sensor" title=" paper fluidic sensor"> paper fluidic sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20care" title=" wound care"> wound care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168894/paper-like-and-battery-free-sensor-patches-for-wound-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> Nanoparticles in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, and Medical Imaging Techniques Using Nano-Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20Muhammad%20Afzal%20Khan">Rao Muhammad Afzal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nano technology is emerging as a useful technology in nearly all areas of Science and Technology. Its role in medical imaging is attracting the researchers towards existing and new imaging modalities and techniques. This presentation gives an overview of the development of the work done throughout the world. Furthermore, it lays an idea into the scope of the future use of this technology for diagnosing different diseases. A comparative analysis has also been discussed with an emphasis to detect diseases, in general, and cancer, in particular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20imaging" title="medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20detection" title=" cancer detection"> cancer detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-imaging" title=" nano-imaging"> nano-imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40616/nanoparticles-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-cancer-and-medical-imaging-techniques-using-nano-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> Levels of CTX1 in Premenopausal Osteoporotic Women Study Conducted in Khyberpuktoonkhwa Province, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehwish%20Durrani">Mehwish Durrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubina%20Nazli"> Rubina Nazli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abubakr"> Muhammad Abubakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shafiq"> Muhammad Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To evaluate the high socio-economic status, urbanization, and decrease ambulation can lead to early osteoporosis in women reporting from Peshawar region. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Sample size was 100 subjects, using 30% proportion of osteoporosis, 95% confidence level, and 9% margin of error under WHO software for sample size determination. Place and Duration of study: This study was carried out in the tertiary referral health care facilities of Peshawar viz PGMI Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Ethical approval for the study was taken from the Institutional Ethical Research board (IERD) at Post Graduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, and Peshawar.The study was done in six months time period. Patients and Methods: Levels of CTX1 as a marker of bone degradation in radiographically assessed perimenopausal women was determined. These females were randomly selected and screened for osteoporosis. Hemoglobin in gm/dl, ESR by Westergren method as millimeter in 1 hour, Serum Ca mg/dl, Serum alkaline Phosphatase international units per liter radiographic grade of osteoporosis according to Singh index as 1-6 and CTX 1 level in pg/ml. Results: High levels of CTX1 was observed in perimenopausal osteoporotic women which were radiographically diagnosed as osteoporotic patients. The High socio-economic class also predispose to osteoporosis. Decrease ambulation another risk factor showed significant association with the increased levels of CTX1. Conclusion: The results of this study propose that minimum ambulation and high socioeconomic class both had significance association with the increase levels of serum CTX1, which in turn will lead to osteoporosis and to its complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title="osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTX1" title=" CTX1"> CTX1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perimenopausal%20women" title=" perimenopausal women"> perimenopausal women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayatabad%20Medical%20Complex" title=" Hayatabad Medical Complex"> Hayatabad Medical Complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khyberpuktoonkhwa" title=" Khyberpuktoonkhwa "> Khyberpuktoonkhwa </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1220/levels-of-ctx1-in-premenopausal-osteoporotic-women-study-conducted-in-khyberpuktoonkhwa-province-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> Linking Business Owners’ Choice of Organizational Form to Appraisers’ Determination of Value: An Agency Theory Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Anwar%20Quttainah">Majdi Anwar Quttainah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Paczkowski"> William Paczkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Muhammad"> Ali Muhammad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the value of a privately held firms confound those in academia as well as practitioners in the fields of appraisal, forensic accounting, and law. Divergent parties to the transfer look to apply the valuation technique to serve their own best interests. This paper seeks to explore how agency theory induces owners to choose the form of their businesses at inception and how this choice will affect the appraisers’ valuation of the firm at the transfer of ownership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20form" title="organizational form">organizational form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agency%20theory" title=" agency theory"> agency theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14967/linking-business-owners-choice-of-organizational-form-to-appraisers-determination-of-value-an-agency-theory-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Coping Strategies and Characterization of Vulnerability in the Perspective of Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umer%20Mehmood">Muhammad Umer Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Luqman"> Muhammad Luqman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yaseen"> Muhammad Yaseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Hussain"> Imtiaz Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is an arduous fact, which could not be unheeded easily. It is a phenomenon which has brought a collection of challenges for the mankind. Scientists have found many of its negative impacts on the life of human being and the resources on which the life of humanity is dependent. There are many issues which are associated with the factor of prime importance in this study, 'climate change'. Whenever changes happen in nature, they strike the whole globe. Effects of these changes vary from region to region. Climate of every region of this globe is different from the other. Even within a state, country or the province has different climatic conditions. So it is mandatory that the response in that specific region and the coping strategy of this specific region should be according to the prevailing risk. In the present study, the objective was to assess the coping strategies and vulnerability of small landholders. So that a professional suggestion could be made to cope with the vulnerability factor of small farmers. The cross-sectional research design was used with the intervention of quantitative approach. The study was conducted in the Khanewal district, of Punjab, Pakistan. 120 small farmers were interviewed after randomized sampling from the population of respective area. All respondents were above the age of 15 years. A questionnaire was developed after keen observation of facts in the respective area. Content and face validity of the instrument was assessed with SPSS and experts in the field. Data were analyzed through SPSS using descriptive statistics. From the sample of 120, 81.67% of the respondents claimed that the environment is getting warmer and not fit for their present agricultural practices. 84.17% of the sample expressed serious concern that they are disturbed due to change in rainfall pattern and vulnerability towards the climatic effects. On the other hand, they expressed that they are not good at tackling the effects of climate change. Adaptation of coping strategies like change in cropping pattern, use of resistant varieties, varieties with minimum water requirement, intercropping and tree planting was low by more than half of the sample. From the sample 63.33% small farmers said that the coping strategies they adopt are not effective enough. The present study showed that subsistence farming, lack of marketing and overall infrastructure, lack of access to social security networks, limited access to agriculture extension services, inappropriate access to agrometeorological system, unawareness and access to scientific development and low crop yield are the prominent factors which are responsible for the vulnerability of small farmers. A comprehensive study should be conducted at national level so that a national policy could be formulated to cope with the dilemma in future with relevance to climate change. Mainstreaming and collaboration among the researchers and academicians could prove beneficiary in this regard the interest of national leaders’ does matter. Proper policies to avoid the vulnerability factors should be the top priority. The world is taking up this issue with full responsibility as should we, keeping in view the local situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20strategies" title=" coping strategies"> coping strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20farmers" title=" small farmers"> small farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98433/coping-strategies-and-characterization-of-vulnerability-in-the-perspective-of-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> A Kierkegaardian Reading of Iqbal's Poetry as a Communicative Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall aim of this paper is to present a Kierkegaardian approach to Iqbal’s use of literature as a form of communication. Despite belonging to different historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds, the philosophical approaches of Soren Kierkegaard, ‘the father of existentialism,' and Muhammad Iqbal ‘the spiritual father of Pakistan’ present certain parallels. Both Kierkegaard and Iqbal take human existence as the starting point for their reflections, emphasise the subject of becoming genuine religious personalities, and develop a notion of the self. While doing these they both adopt parallel methods, employ literary techniques and poetical forms, and use their literary works as a form of communication. The problem is that Iqbal does not provide a clear account of his method as Kierkegaard does in his works. As a result, Iqbal’s literary approach appears to be a collection of contradictions. This is mainly because despite he writes most of his works in the poetical form, he condemns all kinds of art including poetry. Moreover, while attacking on Islamic mysticism, he, at the same time, uses classical literary forms, and a number of traditional mystical, poetic symbols. This paper will argue that the contradictions found in Iqbal’s approach are actually a significant part of Iqbal’s way of communicating his reader. It is the contention of this paper that with the help of the parallels between the literary and philosophical theories of Kierkegaard and Iqbal, the application of Kierkegaard’s method to Iqbal’s use of poetry as a communicative act will make it possible to dispel the seeming ambiguities in Iqbal’s literary approach. The application of Kierkegaard’s theory to Iqbal’s literary method will include an analysis of the main principles of Kierkegaard’s own literary technique of ‘indirect communication,' which is a crucial term of his existentialist philosophy. Second, the clash between what Iqbal’s says about art and poetry and what he does will be highlighted in the light of Kierkegaardian theory of indirect communication. It will be argued that Iqbal’s literary technique can be considered as a form of ‘indirect communication,' and that reading his technique in this way helps on dispelling the contradictions in his approach. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between those who work in the fields of comparative philosophy Kierkegaard studies, existentialism, contemporary Islamic thought, Iqbal studies, and literary criticism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20philosophy" title="comparative philosophy">comparative philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title=" existentialism"> existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20communication" title=" indirect communication"> indirect communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20philosophy" title=" intercultural philosophy"> intercultural philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20communication" title=" literary communication"> literary communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soren%20Kierkegaard" title=" Soren Kierkegaard"> Soren Kierkegaard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245/a-kierkegaardian-reading-of-iqbals-poetry-as-a-communicative-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts against Brevicoryne brassicae and Their Effects on Pollinators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiza%20Javaria%20Ashraf">Hafiza Javaria Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Abbasi"> Asim Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hussnain%20Babar"> Muhammad Hussnain Babar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufyan"> Muhammad Sufyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brevicoryne brassicae (Aphid) is not only the major biotic constraint of rapeseed crop but also transmits 20 different viral pathogens that cause diseases in crucifers. Aphids cause major losses to rapeseed by stunting growth and yield, with real damage being contamination of harvested heads. The misuse of pesticides has led to tremendous economic losses and hazards to human health and environmental pollution. Thus, newer approaches for pest control are continuously being sought. The naturally occurring, biologically active plant-based products seem to have a prominent role in the development of future commercial pesticides not only for increased productivity but their eco-friendly nature. The present experiment was carried out in Research Area of Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad to check the efficacy of different botanicals against rapeseed aphid. The tested botanicals were, neem seed extract, neem leaf extract, dathora seed extract, kaner leaf extract and aak leaf extract. Insecticide, advantage 20 EC served as the positive control in the experiment. Data was recorded before and after 1, 3 and 7 days of treatment application. The results of the experiment revealed that neem seed extract exhibited maximum mortality (48.42%) followed by dathora (45.54%) and kaner leaf extract (40.29%) after 7 days of treatment application. However minimum mortality i.e. 26.64% was observed in case of aak leaf extract. Advantage encountered maximum mortality i.e. 86.14%. All treatments caused maximum mortality after 7 days of treatment application. In case of pollinators maximum population reduction was observed in case of insecticide (74.29%) while minimum reduction was observed in neem leaf extract (11.57%). Hence it was concluded that unlike insecticides, plant based products can be a better option for regulating pests and conserving beneficial insect fauna. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphid" title="Aphid">Aphid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20based" title=" plant based"> plant based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollinators" title=" pollinators"> pollinators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80251/efficacy-of-different-plant-extracts-against-brevicoryne-brassicae-and-their-effects-on-pollinators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Bean in Turkey: Characterization, Inter Gene Pool Hybridization Events, Breeding, Utilizations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faheem%20Shahzad%20Baloch">Faheem Shahzad Baloch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azhar%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Azhar Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Nawaz"> Muhammad Amjad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ephrem%20Habyarimana"> Ephrem Habyarimana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonul%20Comertpay"> Gonul Comertpay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolga%20Karakoy"> Tolga Karakoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rustu%20Hatipoglu"> Rustu Hatipoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Zahit%20Yeken"> Mehmet Zahit Yeken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahdettin%20Ciftci"> Vahdettin Ciftci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turkey is considered a bridge between Europe, Asia, and Africa and possibly played an important role in the distribution of many crops including common bean. Hundreds of common bean landraces can be found in Turkey, particularly in farmers’ fields, and they consistently contribute to the overall production. To investigate the existing genetic diversity and hybridization events between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools in the Turkish common bean, 188 common bean accessions (182 landraces and 6 modern cultivars as controls) were collected from 19 different Turkish geographic regions. These accessions were characterized using phenotypic data (growth habit and seed weight), geographic provenance, 12557 high-quality whole-genome DArTseq markers, and 3767 novel DArTseq loci were also identified. The clustering algorithms resolved the Turkish common bean landrace germplasm into the two recognized gene pools, the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. Hybridization events were observed in both gene pools (14.36% of the accessions) but mostly in the Mesoamerican (7.97% of the accessions), and was low relative to previous European studies. The lower level of hybridization witnessed the existence of Turkish common bean germplasm in its original form as compared to Europe. Mesoamerican gene pool reflected a higher level of diversity, while the Andean gene pool was predominant (56.91% of the accessions), but genetically less diverse and phenotypically more pure, reflecting farmers greater preference for the Andean gene pool. We also found some genetically distinct landraces and overall, a meaningful level of genetic variability which can be used by the scientific community in breeding efforts to develop superior common bean strains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bean%20germplasm" title="bean germplasm">bean germplasm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DArTseq%20markers" title=" DArTseq markers"> DArTseq markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotyping%20by%20sequencing" title=" genotyping by sequencing"> genotyping by sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole%20genome%20diversity" title=" whole genome diversity"> whole genome diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92658/bean-in-turkey-characterization-inter-gene-pool-hybridization-events-breeding-utilizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mat%20Salleh&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mat%20Salleh&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mat%20Salleh&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li 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