CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '912d72c7ee49f88e',cH: 'WqG1OgMNktCwNt6kL8f1tkdKWBhrCZDt2JpRv78X6hI-1739707971-1.2.1.1-TvBkLU9erkdj3vI.4RdKjOZ4PyIVV5gswN6Pg2l5PqLnd5AqiKbhur75_rfhh3OI',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=sultanate&__cf_chl_tk=zQA1Cz9rWI4cwYmw7Fo7OWWu84yxVjMexTj2U7duVcE-1739707971-1.0.1.1-UAKlviGPUg7xvnUzSnLy_O6REsD3awkLkGyrB3af.2c",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739707971',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=sultanate&__cf_chl_f_tk=zQA1Cz9rWI4cwYmw7Fo7OWWu84yxVjMexTj2U7duVcE-1739707971-1.0.1.1-UAKlviGPUg7xvnUzSnLy_O6REsD3awkLkGyrB3af.2c",md: "_D5vD7_atjfAMWraT6fiHyORu.KUUk4Qndv0eliRPJo-1739707971-1.2.1.1-AcIACzZ7qSJBeq4aryQV8LyxhA.HFcG2O0KgI.nrd_bWB0wDbniAVwcYqC4dvAeMqtvhPMnzF8RqCnw6Nf2O2TndMoEzXo0E6.DtFChEe5VvBVd9A9L1fpZgSxdQp0DIL8jM6UzXmNhDkGuBPm64XzV7oaJGp9J9w5zz6IP1SZ7m1pg12xk0fen9qQzaXfOkbRe7WykXH_jN5_k_biX6zYEr_HrwPid1_pCX_hiwHHWS2bxiONZu4h5u1yArdLT1hBxhxuw9EU8XOKVnlAFl8rf0Yt79spQp9Vxx8Bb6QqUAF.A1FVQ3mUTDbrDs1yOHterthj5HmT9A5MFnvm0TUFMJ7c7WEyPGhFNFtDRdLv7U2augyn68OML3L0IdN8qfBxIUNLLBt8bF8LylulOVnUT7Jc7QEkNIMbfs35Jxy5qjZg8yX.WVvkiz.9lIQsFmQHRfWbV9p1qApElGhPHlHn5u9u14qeqDdtLQ8uh.vzyg3rrKfKDtoHyGFwqDBIkrQAWvoT_lDNy2yTgWViJEeKKJLL7Gy4067E9lOtNb0rGLfpKQhthSt_4BOnANE_gb7ZMB.RhN4JaH1Iwt9OA62qcLlyK8qOhG4t2xTBD_7PuK_0plbzIdRofv7boneyNILYth7gZ5Uyr8uCesUExUuV25CFU8zAVHsIiGySpRztMs_irq50mU2SYtq9oE5a3cpOWn3AGdaC52K6NyBRwC.4wBEVEmInzbUXlKc1H.fEBOl3yTxpt3_Vm9oFRMLNSLhw0Ka7T3SSwokvCSBNtx0cqUXSaHErb.8Orj6NzBvumAzBG.yfmFQGCz80.wWSzr1nxqO_hRgQmxRe1Vdefy7pvgfO0jzYlF6NkIrYBSN1K6mAhZyJ_jNXiPYA1lVXsPDnPy05iyd4Y139U0DbEDVhajB4H5jj4pgcpbdr6raCw6U89Oh_YoiT1SO63HOd1IN2_h59A5L74vaxtqRfMvdnSghSVnYkHL83Nhxy3ep8Z1IfHu91UoMVNwm7KNZLYJtJ_We5NS5Ye37bOwnCd9wlVNu6ARUcqK0.6BRk.gWL.7tjkRnVMueqVP2p2E_6SRNAS3MUtKsg8Yq0xOizN7Wogm_uGls1T4fvPXvUPgNgPqjN_yYHCAoE_9STIn5yy4so5AKekgGnO4PLj39zkwwufbqWABRiQHO1oupvVpiO4FVctLCsgoz0kMhkgQ_6_i.KeZgfbrbTeuy0SILsq4dTkqdeNW8sVYO8TdZoFfTBUW0Kt2pjrO89HIMcE4fsg2iHWodKOPrwcNAF8gVgjS67BRjXAdn6RuLA8.9z6.d5bjt5Pi7itpIdawHG9Lte7FkZkeQz5fnhoUpI309Um0yjMB6qClijL3Cv6NmNYQk_WQWr0hR.QocmRjtKmVF6474Hd2Hwy5PgK2HchW0SGzu8f33C88kf8fEMbXHg_uyksWcaBgQL72cNENJsiuS1vh9zVhXElB4B3RJLnlDJdcnOtX3hAL9JXwmpOasTYcItOPtLKWiNRGAdDxFNV6gosj6vicqAOPK5xdlpgcQrkcwJsUL2VSfNNudbI1sEJFqL0uxbKdlJyZZou7esTth.5QjF0VUx7DsC.0402NTMIcX.jq7KvGUm4nWPbLoP4xF9EE1kb3PA6dbAVrMNMrFgT9TqcVE1JlNklOBAvTYGjrc9qurpYhYPy7KjHtdv1InP47VlP7NX3PJIVC.mniHfSaaHYGdSqu3M.CP7l7T3vU9kgh8pmAY0UpLUHw.cGPm.kvojPBU6xWR5ZbbEw7mDEd_frltpyScJZUNUsZw6Sm_tDwLUbzz6DHV7Q3HJWf6eb4FUCJEbqIqfmaodFARRk1XDC0jnGmqUpprmA4k20OpVXOig3_F4WHktomwvor0b.pUU4.mnQwE41tM0vOEhwyYbYoRMQjqyev3ZlwvtwgTg",mdrd: "zZMaWKPB7D8M8qYw8lmHEOy2mrbtu_P95Xbk9MLjIwU-1739707971-1.2.1.1-qN9Sv.u7RkgsdpUTJKVUI0.gSQhRd25f2TDGqsE3JR2Dttr1mcIC0rF2KylN7dXEEjYAFUYZS9Hh_ohItMZ9ObrHBpvPs8PvnU5m4NjlTUxP1Ltz8ytb8ykQ2TYdFc_vouzN70ToOM.qdaLQYqLx9vfoHsbX7OSUggJNQSiTJIbicu8xOLS0zA4u84YSsdNqo8Ys7Tn6uXuu1pbcfyH2DPKcKzg1tG39hIw6XFGTvZZ2mNyzFP6RcyupPMRx0ZmThcby4RR2yM.n0k3P84duntsji1qmFIONQf9YwR9p9GATVJHTfNjcUogFmLghchev1B.L43vheNT6XqWZCw7CIgKxpmwKNZfJGcgXCteKjt2WVryUw08L9KQ0_JLvEbtw5WxcU5jEBItitF_FtaNIxbd2AIkuu30DiJF3uN6c5o_dwztYp7x0B8Qmal1xkoeBBMvfRB2tBZF8fhxtK3u.K2gF2lIFb9jzpp8BN4hU_gdVpHed2pIerBnJZrdDv2ge3UO.lsyoHG6mq.pkoayJLizFZ6TzU2orEIzuKMlsbqfUpJXMrfrnjZOFkenlLGcn2LUBdeL.kfiq7AAW56QKKQjVbd3owfQHdNEMSMcOvKd9e127WrdrDX_5BGDDQ2CnORMld7tcIsCV5fh6iqHG6G3paMv17GIoySBpAnMA0UJI2g2DTHHvjS62.D0SgWJxvmOFaFB06_Kj2BMSEl4norPIdyjN3.Kdp0PXfkjePHrQvOnsAt5j9HtLaSn7bMdg8Jkc9cNA.6Nb2f9EOGS3HGVUJ1r4ezyFAwtp.0uRK6ObGuywF9DTZKVYJH.vo3AzSFsx1rooNO.n1cwVQWrCffXi6QxJLEX_eHXAOODBpzthE6gnr.DvtCKfyiDNgQcGzzY.V4Fo077VHUYTVCZAg70Xhua7EyZqE9aMTddQFQzjQcctksXKi_rcWV4G0gF5HidNjlYV7UmRTkDAB31VvHo9Kxy0PE28W.N2MXiQxBQnOcCETPBgbqyw2.irx1_AdNMqwPtEY643e3icAlU0l.diOcNFBhdBSil8MFoCBgNQmKHAvoNb8Bbw_oPUMMPlF1L1X7UODSPGMPTZIxF79St_9pnwPbnsnqmd_IJfqqNmU84ZiUe6SsWY2IRRaJdckMjjTkSRkGQGIhidBFaaEIokhCvOu6VqH8J3PTcmOOKHd1grJOCsG.3huic4UIpi2ORz0SYQ.sCsfmtR_j6QUx7VJnQE8x_No6_QbJHooJEX9h5u77pzfEMLjPm9obYOcyjKOMSf2CoEbTZpvWzanVb1vcWYi8RfXf8HqRYJyHOvXxeSr3KiCvZtZ3SpFKzr5nGrcQ0aIOZzQNwDCfNkXQdHpcvcULc.wA_S3tS23NyBWboOFAy_eoP7_62A12d3npzDWOmJOuhPayDatAO0uEuFMKpBBdeqm.iqXKAR_vcjJsn5VRx63m5JWRIkVxCgHEm4qLAF6YPO2XqnyBgwZGLYlGb.HTWJoMtrI4DjQtyY3I4d3T_Qp0lxP.hdOos28QyCFUKZ9dnx4gPlLyH1mZRohfNg8enD8pc_eDsMyLNqIkPmMiQYFSUHLVdovzrwhv5bx4wwxf_K54XxA9VQPt7y0lXQVlI5NiZHYP_AbWiIIkq9ZRVDqPUzz2OInhqcgDPwgZO.ltrUf42yujdnWnUhmhb_Xbod2IyIzcI3J5KG.F6iy2vR9_bavCwRt4v0SeOBBE..E1RkgacLOcNUSDe3B9onCIFpRTT07vvxqvWCIVlQa4uXG0Kn3bh.iTLjjFbYhgbooDP5r225iuhlA0aJJkbcfXRAaxycAIsjD8TPo8Noqz4W7yK1aOwp_DHpMs4H16RddOwb21cv26gWDCMobkhjE3YZ7zsdcD.sh2ahDIk1wEP3XRh_L2xAi567z9ZA84LWjYrP1pcTj6_K1__3WzPuga9srA9VTqc7l4hlzdQDQm0ghjtsVOSnJKiqBQ.GYwcXIXOW9l_x5wIviw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=912d72c7ee49f88e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=sultanate&__cf_chl_rt_tk=zQA1Cz9rWI4cwYmw7Fo7OWWu84yxVjMexTj2U7duVcE-1739707971-1.0.1.1-UAKlviGPUg7xvnUzSnLy_O6REsD3awkLkGyrB3af.2c" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>