CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="kLRLnglq6eWNskArPkqIYOc6W-UKBbLmux2rExanhw39xv5wnPQcW9Qynz6-EdOfCKNa7lYbPGo4ir7CGoWGrQ" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Virology" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kirill Sharshov" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/KirillSharshov" /> <meta name="description" content="To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis" /> <title>(PDF) Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '20c071591da7cfc3e8a99b583829eafb06ccfcfc'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1737688576000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1737688576000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Kirill Sharshov","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KirillSharshov"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-08-03","datePublished":"2017-01-01","headline":"Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117200703/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Biology","Virology","Japan","Medicine","Biological Sciences","Phylogeny","Animals","Chickens","Phylogenetic Tree","influenza A virus","Genetic variation","Medical and Health Sciences"],"publication":"Virology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier BV"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117200703/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-185556539ec8ca6087e3cb964833e9adcb6a25bd84859d497c8ffea8c45444ad.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "c894ad4edc0aa4fb4995c1e42ecb503ffaee3dbd3588b2f92dc73448b9848eae", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="zFqamdRjbPoekJI_WcaoHE6NmY-BlmqPOoE1EcDP9TihKC93Qf2ZREcQTSrZnfPjoRSYhN2I5AO5FiDAzO30mA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="2rLAtwukqPx8vKevnW-ihlvfX1TxH-J98E0V9chK6la3wHVZnjpdQiU8eLodNPl5tEZeX60BbPFz2gAkxGjr9g" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-55e6fd6524c19a5518ac2944af907b36048d568c8729241cc663db4603277cda.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 39097023; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F122559073%2FFive_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F122559073%2FFive_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":117200703,"identifier":"Attachment_117200703","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":122559073,"created_at":"2024-08-03T20:07:15.408-07:00","from_world_paper_id":257820896,"updated_at":"2024-11-24T15:10:20.788-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least 5 distinct genotypes of H5N6 HPAIVs affected poultry and wild birds during that period. Japanese H5N6 isolates shared a common genetic ancestor in 6 of 8 genomic segments, and the PA and NS genes demonstrated 4 and 2 genetic origins, respectively. Six gene segments originated from a putative ancestral clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus that was a possible genetic reassortant among Chinese clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs. In addition, 2 NS clusters and a PA cluster in Japanese H5N6 HPAIVs originated from Chinese HPAIVs, whereas 3 distinct AIV-derived PA clusters were evident. These results suggest that migratory birds were important in the spread and genetic diversification of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs. neuraminidase to form the H5N5 HPAIVs, such as A/duck/Guangdong/wy19/2008 (H5N5) (Liu et al., 2013). Since then, the clade 2.3.4.4 HA gene has been found in association with either N2, N5, N6, or N8 NA in poultry and wild birds. The H5N6 HPAIVs with the clade 2.3.4.4 HA have expanded in poultry in China since 2013 (Bi et al., 2016a, 2016b). In 2014, the first human infection with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIV was reported in China, followed by 16 human cases as of","publication_date":"2017,,","publication_name":"Virology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"117200703"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [39097023]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--no-bottom-spacing"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":117200703,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/117200703/mini_magick20240804-1-ap595z.png?1722743895" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Five distinct reassortants of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses affected Japan during the winter of 2016–2017</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39097023" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KirillSharshov"><img alt="Profile image of Kirill Sharshov" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Kirill Sharshov</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017, Virology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">13 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 122559073; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=122559073"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">To elucidate the evolutionary pathway, we sequenced the entire genomes of 89 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) isolated in Japan during winter 2016-2017 and 117 AIV/HPAIVs isolated in Japan and Russia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that at least 5 distinct genotypes of H5N6 HPAIVs affected poultry and wild birds during that period. Japanese H5N6 isolates shared a common genetic ancestor in 6 of 8 genomic segments, and the PA and NS genes demonstrated 4 and 2 genetic origins, respectively. Six gene segments originated from a putative ancestral clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus that was a possible genetic reassortant among Chinese clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs. In addition, 2 NS clusters and a PA cluster in Japanese H5N6 HPAIVs originated from Chinese HPAIVs, whereas 3 distinct AIV-derived PA clusters were evident. These results suggest that migratory birds were important in the spread and genetic diversification of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs. neuraminidase to form the H5N5 HPAIVs, such as A/duck/Guangdong/wy19/2008 (H5N5) (Liu et al., 2013). Since then, the clade 2.3.4.4 HA gene has been found in association with either N2, N5, N6, or N8 NA in poultry and wild birds. The H5N6 HPAIVs with the clade 2.3.4.4 HA have expanded in poultry in China since 2013 (Bi et al., 2016a, 2016b). In 2014, the first human infection with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIV was reported in China, followed by 16 human cases as of</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":117200703,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":117200703,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="117200703" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/122559073/Five_distinct_reassortants_of_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_A_viruses_affected_Japan_during_the_winter_of_2016_2017" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":117200703,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":117200703,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_117200703" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="21105737" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21105737/Genetic_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5_influenza_viruses_from_poultry_in_Taiwan_2015">Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses from poultry in Taiwan, 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42466425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeiYuHuang1">Pei-Yu Huang</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42352732" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChangChunLee">Chang-Chun Lee</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42581989" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChungLamCheung">Chung-Lam Cheung</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42314602" href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/ChloeHuang">Chloe Huang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses from poultry in Taiwan, 2015","attachmentId":41716781,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21105737/Genetic_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5_influenza_viruses_from_poultry_in_Taiwan_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21105737/Genetic_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5_influenza_viruses_from_poultry_in_Taiwan_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="101371134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101371134/Phylogenetic_Analysis_of_H5N8_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Ukraine_2016_2017">Phylogenetic Analysis of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Ukraine, 2016–2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="260858694" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndriiMezhenskyi">Andrii Mezhenskyi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Ukraine, 2016–2017","attachmentId":101931396,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101371134/Phylogenetic_Analysis_of_H5N8_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Ukraine_2016_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101371134/Phylogenetic_Analysis_of_H5N8_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Ukraine_2016_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="94165226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94165226/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014">Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="120301984" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BadcoeLyndon">Lyndon Badcoe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014","attachmentId":96699058,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94165226/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94165226/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="29160862" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29160862/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N2_influenza_viruses_isolated_from_wild_birds_in_Japan_suggests_multiple_reassortment">Genetic characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Japan suggests multiple reassortment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5243073" href="https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/SerageldeenSultan">Serageldeen Sultan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Japan suggests multiple reassortment","attachmentId":49605722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29160862/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N2_influenza_viruses_isolated_from_wild_birds_in_Japan_suggests_multiple_reassortment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29160862/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N2_influenza_viruses_isolated_from_wild_birds_in_Japan_suggests_multiple_reassortment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="103674009" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103674009/Genesis_and_Dissemination_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N6_Avian_Influenza_Viruses">Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="274510775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HongLucBoB2016688">Hong Luc Bo B2016688</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of virology, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses","attachmentId":103618830,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103674009/Genesis_and_Dissemination_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N6_Avian_Influenza_Viruses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103674009/Genesis_and_Dissemination_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N6_Avian_Influenza_Viruses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="53699087" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53699087/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014">Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40626895" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HonIp">Hon Ip</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Influenza A H5 Viruses in Wild Birds, Washington, USA, 2014","attachmentId":70420664,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53699087/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53699087/Novel_Eurasian_Highly_Pathogenic_Influenza_A_H5_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Washington_USA_2014"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="21395691" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21395691/Emergence_and_Evolution_of_Avian_H5N2_Influenza_Viruses_in_Chickens_in_Taiwan">Emergence and Evolution of Avian H5N2 Influenza Viruses in Chickens in Taiwan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42466425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeiYuHuang1">Pei-Yu Huang</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42581989" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChungLamCheung">Chung-Lam Cheung</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42516499" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricYip2">Eric Yip</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Virology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emergence and Evolution of Avian H5N2 Influenza Viruses in Chickens in Taiwan","attachmentId":41850951,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21395691/Emergence_and_Evolution_of_Avian_H5N2_Influenza_Viruses_in_Chickens_in_Taiwan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21395691/Emergence_and_Evolution_of_Avian_H5N2_Influenza_Viruses_in_Chickens_in_Taiwan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="90651580" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90651580/Reassortant_Clade_2_3_4_4_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N6_Virus_Taiwan_2017">Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus, Taiwan, 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104482266" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FanLee3">Fan Lee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Emerging infectious diseases, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus, Taiwan, 2017","attachmentId":94155265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90651580/Reassortant_Clade_2_3_4_4_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N6_Virus_Taiwan_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90651580/Reassortant_Clade_2_3_4_4_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N6_Virus_Taiwan_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="97983944" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses">Genotypic diversity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5214902" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GarciaMaricarmen">Maricarmen Garcia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of general virology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotypic diversity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses","attachmentId":99458949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27230928" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks">Genetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in southern China during the 2003–04 avian influenza outbreaks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51140440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThamNguyen89">Tham Nguyen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Virology, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in southern China during the 2003–04 avian influenza outbreaks","attachmentId":47489592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="118203998" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118203998/Global_review_of_the_H5N8_avian_influenza_virus_subtype">Global review of the H5N8 avian influenza virus subtype</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="303834834" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SabaRafique20">Saba Rafique</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Microbiology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global review of the H5N8 avian influenza virus subtype","attachmentId":113885273,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118203998/Global_review_of_the_H5N8_avian_influenza_virus_subtype","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118203998/Global_review_of_the_H5N8_avian_influenza_virus_subtype"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="21933762" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21933762/Continued_Evolution_of_H5N1_Influenza_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Domestic_Poultry_and_Humans_in_China_from_2004_to_2009">Continued Evolution of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds, Domestic Poultry, and Humans in China from 2004 to 2009</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43174414" href="https://tmmu.academia.edu/GuohongDeng">Guohong Deng</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Virology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Continued Evolution of H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds, Domestic Poultry, and Humans in China from 2004 to 2009","attachmentId":42658509,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21933762/Continued_Evolution_of_H5N1_Influenza_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Domestic_Poultry_and_Humans_in_China_from_2004_to_2009","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21933762/Continued_Evolution_of_H5N1_Influenza_Viruses_in_Wild_Birds_Domestic_Poultry_and_Humans_in_China_from_2004_to_2009"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="60384947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60384947/Pathogenicity_and_genetic_characterisation_of_a_novel_reassortant_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_HPAI_H5N6_virus_isolated_in_Korea_2017">Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="191207840" href="https://dlsau.academia.edu/NorbertRobles">Norbert Robles</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pathogenicity and genetic characterisation of a novel reassortant, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus isolated in Korea, 2017","attachmentId":73855465,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60384947/Pathogenicity_and_genetic_characterisation_of_a_novel_reassortant_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_HPAI_H5N6_virus_isolated_in_Korea_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60384947/Pathogenicity_and_genetic_characterisation_of_a_novel_reassortant_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_HPAI_H5N6_virus_isolated_in_Korea_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="33712767" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33712767/Novel_reassortant_clade_2_3_4_4_avian_influenza_A_H5N5_virus_in_wild_birds_and_poultry_Croatia_2016_2017">Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32273710" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SavicV">Vladimir Savic</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017","attachmentId":53710680,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33712767/Novel_reassortant_clade_2_3_4_4_avian_influenza_A_H5N5_virus_in_wild_birds_and_poultry_Croatia_2016_2017","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33712767/Novel_reassortant_clade_2_3_4_4_avian_influenza_A_H5N5_virus_in_wild_birds_and_poultry_Croatia_2016_2017"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="9863443" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks">The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23919867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WibawaH">Hendra Wibawa</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks","attachmentId":36026679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="3788573" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3788573/Continued_Circulation_in_China_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Encoding_the_Hemagglutinin_Gene_Associated_with_the_1997_H5N1_Outbreak_in_Poultry_and_Humans">Continued Circulation in China of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Encoding the Hemagglutinin Gene Associated with the 1997 H5N1 Outbreak in Poultry and Humans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4657463" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidSSuarez">David S Suarez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Virology, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Continued Circulation in China of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Encoding the Hemagglutinin Gene Associated with the 1997 H5N1 Outbreak in Poultry and Humans","attachmentId":31449969,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3788573/Continued_Circulation_in_China_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Encoding_the_Hemagglutinin_Gene_Associated_with_the_1997_H5N1_Outbreak_in_Poultry_and_Humans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3788573/Continued_Circulation_in_China_of_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Encoding_the_Hemagglutinin_Gene_Associated_with_the_1997_H5N1_Outbreak_in_Poultry_and_Humans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="16171523" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16171523/New_Evidence_Suggests_Southern_China_as_a_Common_Source_of_Multiple_Clusters_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Virus">New Evidence Suggests Southern China as a Common Source of Multiple Clusters of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35285130" href="https://un-lincoln.academia.edu/ThomasDeliberto">Thomas Deliberto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Evidence Suggests Southern China as a Common Source of Multiple Clusters of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus","attachmentId":42654104,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16171523/New_Evidence_Suggests_Southern_China_as_a_Common_Source_of_Multiple_Clusters_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Virus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16171523/New_Evidence_Suggests_Southern_China_as_a_Common_Source_of_Multiple_Clusters_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Virus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="90896667" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90896667/Novel_reassortant_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_influenza_A_viruses_in_Vietnamese_quail_outbreaks">Novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in Vietnamese quail outbreaks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245653438" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HienThanh84">Hien Thanh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in Vietnamese quail outbreaks","attachmentId":94332647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90896667/Novel_reassortant_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_influenza_A_viruses_in_Vietnamese_quail_outbreaks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90896667/Novel_reassortant_H5N6_highly_pathogenic_influenza_A_viruses_in_Vietnamese_quail_outbreaks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="122559064" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122559064/Highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_Clade_2_3_2_1c_virus_in_migratory_birds_2014_2015">Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in migratory birds, 2014-2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39097023" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KirillSharshov">Kirill Sharshov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virologica Sinica, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c virus in migratory birds, 2014-2015","attachmentId":117200995,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122559064/Highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_Clade_2_3_2_1c_virus_in_migratory_birds_2014_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122559064/Highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_Clade_2_3_2_1c_virus_in_migratory_birds_2014_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="126268054" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia">Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35933625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmandaBalish">Amanda Balish</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="62900971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62900971/A_molecular_and_antigenic_survey_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_virus_isolates_from_smallholder_duck_farms_in_Central_Java_Indonesia_during_2007_2008">A molecular and antigenic survey of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from smallholder duck farms in Central Java, Indonesia during 2007-2008</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33966233" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SelleckPaul">Paul Selleck</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virology Journal, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A molecular and antigenic survey of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from smallholder duck farms in Central Java, Indonesia during 2007-2008","attachmentId":75516216,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62900971/A_molecular_and_antigenic_survey_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_virus_isolates_from_smallholder_duck_farms_in_Central_Java_Indonesia_during_2007_2008","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62900971/A_molecular_and_antigenic_survey_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_virus_isolates_from_smallholder_duck_farms_in_Central_Java_Indonesia_during_2007_2008"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="25029943" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25029943/Characterization_of_the_complete_genome_of_influenza_A_H5N1_virus_isolated_during_the_2006_outbreak_in_poultry_in_India">Characterization of the complete genome of influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated during the 2006 outbreak in poultry in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32270721" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShaileshPawar2">Shailesh Pawar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Genes, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of the complete genome of influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated during the 2006 outbreak in poultry in India","attachmentId":45352559,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25029943/Characterization_of_the_complete_genome_of_influenza_A_H5N1_virus_isolated_during_the_2006_outbreak_in_poultry_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25029943/Characterization_of_the_complete_genome_of_influenza_A_H5N1_virus_isolated_during_the_2006_outbreak_in_poultry_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="11878658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam">Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2535968" href="https://vnu-vn.academia.edu/ThanhTo">Thanh L To</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Avian Pathology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam","attachmentId":37286533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="88258936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88258936/Genetic_characteristics_and_pathogenesis_of_H5_low_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses_from_wild_birds_and_domestic_ducks_in_South_Korea">Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in South Korea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="120005332" href="https://knu.academia.edu/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%AC%EB%B0%95">유리 박</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in South Korea","attachmentId":92265536,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88258936/Genetic_characteristics_and_pathogenesis_of_H5_low_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses_from_wild_birds_and_domestic_ducks_in_South_Korea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88258936/Genetic_characteristics_and_pathogenesis_of_H5_low_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses_from_wild_birds_and_domestic_ducks_in_South_Korea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="14039108" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14039108/Molecular_Characterization_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_A_Viruses_Isolated_from_Raccoon_Dogs_in_China">Molecular Characterization of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Raccoon Dogs in China</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33063176" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GMetreveli">Giorgi Metreveli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular Characterization of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Raccoon Dogs in China","attachmentId":44675478,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14039108/Molecular_Characterization_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_A_Viruses_Isolated_from_Raccoon_Dogs_in_China","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14039108/Molecular_Characterization_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_A_Viruses_Isolated_from_Raccoon_Dogs_in_China"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="25" data-entity-id="27524760" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand">Molecular epidemiological analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 subtype isolated from poultry and wild bird in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51635501" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KridsadaChaichoune">Kridsada Chaichoune</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Research, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular epidemiological analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 subtype isolated from poultry and wild bird in Thailand","attachmentId":47779745,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="26" data-entity-id="82231802" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82231802/Phenotypic_genetic_and_phylogeographical_characterization_of_avian_influenza_virus_subtype_H5N2_isolated_from_northern_pintail_Anas_acuta_in_Japan">Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="99805145" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SakchaiRuenphet">Sakchai Ruenphet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Research, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic, genetic, and phylogeographical characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H5N2 isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan","attachmentId":88006292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82231802/Phenotypic_genetic_and_phylogeographical_characterization_of_avian_influenza_virus_subtype_H5N2_isolated_from_northern_pintail_Anas_acuta_in_Japan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82231802/Phenotypic_genetic_and_phylogeographical_characterization_of_avian_influenza_virus_subtype_H5N2_isolated_from_northern_pintail_Anas_acuta_in_Japan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="27" data-entity-id="23073133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23073133/Phylogeny_and_genotyping_of_recent_avian_low_pathogenic_H5_subtype_influenza_viruses_from_French_ducks">Phylogeny and genotyping of recent avian low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from French ducks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44697011" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GhislaineLeGallRecule">Ghislaine Le Gall-Reculé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of General Virology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phylogeny and genotyping of recent avian low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from French ducks","attachmentId":43575938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23073133/Phylogeny_and_genotyping_of_recent_avian_low_pathogenic_H5_subtype_influenza_viruses_from_French_ducks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23073133/Phylogeny_and_genotyping_of_recent_avian_low_pathogenic_H5_subtype_influenza_viruses_from_French_ducks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="28" data-entity-id="14063240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand">The genome sequence analysis of H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from the outbreak among poultry populations in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33080744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApiradeeTheamboonlers">Apiradee Theamboonlers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The genome sequence analysis of H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from the outbreak among poultry populations in Thailand","attachmentId":44645574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="8089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology">Virology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="17158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan">Japan</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="54433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="402759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens">Chickens</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="550697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetic_Tree">Phylogenetic Tree</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="561000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/influenza_A_virus">influenza A virus</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="577933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation">Genetic variation</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="3763225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences">Medical and Health Sciences</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div> </body> </html>