CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="dCOcmMB7uRywnQONrXJ4zGOdFr2M5IffUQspzA5JXCAl00z9wvDJbWCIN8w3lqyiVZ2FkU2fxEHJW9YwKc-EMw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2005/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Emerging Infectious Diseases" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Amanda Balish" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused &gt;52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused &gt;52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/AmandaBalish" /> <meta name="description" content="An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused &gt;52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of" /> <title>(PDF) Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '20c071591da7cfc3e8a99b583829eafb06ccfcfc'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1737684947000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1737684947000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Amanda Balish","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmandaBalish"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-12-12","dateModified":"2024-12-12","datePublished":"2005-01-01","headline":"Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120171196/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Molecular Evolution","Medical Microbiology","Biology","Virology","Medicine","Emerging Infectious Diseases","Phylogeny","Asia","Phenotype","Neuraminidase","Clinical Sciences","Poultry","POULTRY DISEASES","Chickens","Public health systems and services research","Genetic variation","Outbreak","Reassortment","Antiviral Agents","Influenza vaccines"],"publication":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120171196/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-185556539ec8ca6087e3cb964833e9adcb6a25bd84859d497c8ffea8c45444ad.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "66e1884917e170ae14783dcadab0a8a1d19c4a1acc59ffa583cab03f4043c0e4", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="UaEpKmgf2MRXDd-ZKCAZMQkKOGijKKWZtmwWblsmnL0AUflPapSotYcY69iyxM1fPwqrRGJT5gcuPOmSfKBErg" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="1BpHyYRoqE_asE8r_fkgwxdIulmgpsKPAxN6doLXvuaF6peshuPYPgqle2pnHfStIUgpdWHdgRGbQ4WKpVFm9Q" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-55e6fd6524c19a5518ac2944af907b36048d568c8729241cc663db4603277cda.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 35933625; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F126268054%2FEvolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F126268054%2FEvolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":120171196,"identifier":"Attachment_120171196","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":126268054,"created_at":"2024-12-12T04:56:28.112-08:00","from_world_paper_id":261788892,"updated_at":"2024-12-12T05:22:02.064-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","grobid_abstract":"An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused \u003e52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of H5N1 isolates from birds and humans showed 2 distinct clades with a nonoverlapping geographic distribution. All the viral genes were of avian influenza origin, which indicates absence of reassortment with human influenza viruses. All human H5N1 isolates tested belonged to a single clade and were resistant to the adamantane drugs but sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. Most H5N1 isolates from humans were antigenically homogeneous and distinct from avian viruses circulating before the end of 2003. Some 2005 isolates showed evidence of antigenic drift. An updated nonpathogenic H5N1 reference virus, lacking the polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin gene, was produced by reverse genetics in anticipation of the possible need to vaccinate humans.","publication_date":"2005,,","publication_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"120171196"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [35933625]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--no-bottom-spacing"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/120171196/mini_magick20241212-1-6c6sb2.png?1734008265" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35933625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmandaBalish"><img alt="Profile image of Amanda Balish" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Amanda Balish</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2005, Emerging Infectious Diseases</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 126268054; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=126268054"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has recently spread to poultry in 9 Asian countries. H5N1 infections have caused >52 human deaths in Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia from January 2004 to April 2005. Genomic analyses of H5N1 isolates from birds and humans showed 2 distinct clades with a nonoverlapping geographic distribution. All the viral genes were of avian influenza origin, which indicates absence of reassortment with human influenza viruses. All human H5N1 isolates tested belonged to a single clade and were resistant to the adamantane drugs but sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. Most H5N1 isolates from humans were antigenically homogeneous and distinct from avian viruses circulating before the end of 2003. Some 2005 isolates showed evidence of antigenic drift. An updated nonpathogenic H5N1 reference virus, lacking the polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin gene, was produced by reverse genetics in anticipation of the possible need to vaccinate humans.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="120171196" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/126268054/Evolution_of_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Asia" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":120171196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container ds-below-fold--full-width"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_120171196" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="57266610" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57266610/Phylogenetic_and_biological_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_Vietnam_2005_in_chickens_and_ducks">Phylogenetic and biological characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (Vietnam 2005) in chickens and ducks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2535968" href="https://vnu-vn.academia.edu/ThanhTo">Thanh L To</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Research, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phylogenetic and biological characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (Vietnam 2005) in chickens and ducks","attachmentId":72249176,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57266610/Phylogenetic_and_biological_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_Vietnam_2005_in_chickens_and_ducks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57266610/Phylogenetic_and_biological_characterization_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_Vietnam_2005_in_chickens_and_ducks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="109858773" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109858773/Origin_and_evolution_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_in_Asia">Origin and evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Asia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71776703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkikoKamata">Akiko Kamata</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Veterinary Record, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origin and evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Asia","attachmentId":108864098,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109858773/Origin_and_evolution_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_in_Asia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109858773/Origin_and_evolution_of_highly_pathogenic_H5N1_avian_influenza_in_Asia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="8039468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8039468/Genetic_analysis_of_avian_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_domestic_waterfowl_in_live_bird_markets_of_Hanoi_Vietnam_preceding_fatal_H5N1_human_infections_in_2004">Genetic analysis of avian influenza A viruses isolated from domestic waterfowl in live-bird markets of Hanoi, Vietnam, preceding fatal H5N1 human infections in 2004</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15465059" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhongHuynh2">Phong Huynh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Virology, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic analysis of avian influenza A viruses isolated from domestic waterfowl in live-bird markets of Hanoi, Vietnam, preceding fatal H5N1 human infections in 2004","attachmentId":48245876,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8039468/Genetic_analysis_of_avian_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_domestic_waterfowl_in_live_bird_markets_of_Hanoi_Vietnam_preceding_fatal_H5N1_human_infections_in_2004","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8039468/Genetic_analysis_of_avian_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_domestic_waterfowl_in_live_bird_markets_of_Hanoi_Vietnam_preceding_fatal_H5N1_human_infections_in_2004"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="27524760" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand">Molecular epidemiological analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 subtype isolated from poultry and wild bird in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51635501" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KridsadaChaichoune">Kridsada Chaichoune</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Research, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular epidemiological analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 subtype isolated from poultry and wild bird in Thailand","attachmentId":47779745,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27524760/Molecular_epidemiological_analysis_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_subtype_isolated_from_poultry_and_wild_bird_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="11878658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam">Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2535968" href="https://vnu-vn.academia.edu/ThanhTo">Thanh L To</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Avian Pathology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam","attachmentId":37286533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11878658/Challenges_for_accurate_and_prompt_molecular_diagnosis_of_clades_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_emerging_in_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="14063240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand">The genome sequence analysis of H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from the outbreak among poultry populations in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33080744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApiradeeTheamboonlers">Apiradee Theamboonlers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virology, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The genome sequence analysis of H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from the outbreak among poultry populations in Thailand","attachmentId":44645574,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14063240/The_genome_sequence_analysis_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_A_virus_isolated_from_the_outbreak_among_poultry_populations_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14177310" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14177310/Identification_of_the_Progenitors_of_Indonesian_and_Vietnamese_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N1_Viruses_from_Southern_China">Identification of the Progenitors of Indonesian and Vietnamese Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses from Southern China</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33161370" href="https://tmc.academia.edu/JustinBahl">Justin Bahl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Virology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification of the Progenitors of Indonesian and Vietnamese Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses from Southern China","attachmentId":44533414,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14177310/Identification_of_the_Progenitors_of_Indonesian_and_Vietnamese_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N1_Viruses_from_Southern_China","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14177310/Identification_of_the_Progenitors_of_Indonesian_and_Vietnamese_Avian_Influenza_A_H5N1_Viruses_from_Southern_China"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3743586" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3743586/Evolution_and_adaptation_of_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_avian_and_human_hosts_in_Indonesia_and_Vietnam">Evolution and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus in avian and human hosts in Indonesia and Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4592151" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhongLam">Phong Lam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus in avian and human hosts in Indonesia and Vietnam","attachmentId":50150771,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3743586/Evolution_and_adaptation_of_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_avian_and_human_hosts_in_Indonesia_and_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3743586/Evolution_and_adaptation_of_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_avian_and_human_hosts_in_Indonesia_and_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="11933492" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11933492/Pathogenicity_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_H5N1_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_humans_between_2003_and_2008_in_northern_Vietnam">Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans between 2003 and 2008 in northern Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29562110" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QuynhLe28">Quynh Le</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of General …, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans between 2003 and 2008 in northern Vietnam","attachmentId":46430547,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11933492/Pathogenicity_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_H5N1_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_humans_between_2003_and_2008_in_northern_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11933492/Pathogenicity_of_highly_pathogenic_avian_H5N1_influenza_A_viruses_isolated_from_humans_between_2003_and_2008_in_northern_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="53435691" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53435691/Influenza_A_H5N1_Clade_2_3_4_Virus_with_a_Different_Antiviral_Susceptibility_Profile_Replaced_Clade_1_Virus_in_Humans_in_Northern_Vietnam">Influenza A H5N1 Clade 2.3.4 Virus with a Different Antiviral Susceptibility Profile Replaced Clade 1 Virus in Humans in Northern Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35376276" href="https://independent.academia.edu/trangha23">trang ha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Influenza A H5N1 Clade 2.3.4 Virus with a Different Antiviral Susceptibility Profile Replaced Clade 1 Virus in Humans in Northern Vietnam","attachmentId":70281281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53435691/Influenza_A_H5N1_Clade_2_3_4_Virus_with_a_Different_Antiviral_Susceptibility_Profile_Replaced_Clade_1_Virus_in_Humans_in_Northern_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53435691/Influenza_A_H5N1_Clade_2_3_4_Virus_with_a_Different_Antiviral_Susceptibility_Profile_Replaced_Clade_1_Virus_in_Humans_in_Northern_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="93061286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93061286/Genetic_Analysis_of_an_H5N2_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Virus_Isolated_from_a_Chicken_in_a_Live_Bird_Market_in_Northern_Vietnam_in_2012">Genetic Analysis of an H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Chicken in a Live Bird Market in Northern Vietnam in 2012</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162728670" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThanhLongPham6">Thanh Long Pham</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Analysis of an H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Chicken in a Live Bird Market in Northern Vietnam in 2012","attachmentId":95904278,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93061286/Genetic_Analysis_of_an_H5N2_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Virus_Isolated_from_a_Chicken_in_a_Live_Bird_Market_in_Northern_Vietnam_in_2012","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93061286/Genetic_Analysis_of_an_H5N2_Highly_Pathogenic_Avian_Influenza_Virus_Isolated_from_a_Chicken_in_a_Live_Bird_Market_in_Northern_Vietnam_in_2012"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="9863443" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks">The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23919867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WibawaH">Hendra Wibawa</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks","attachmentId":36026679,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9863443/The_pathobiology_of_two_Indonesian_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_representing_different_clade_2_1_sublineages_in_chickens_and_ducks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="14134227" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14134227/Genetic_characterization_of_influenza_A_viruses_H5N1_isolated_from_3rd_wave_of_Thailand_AI_outbreaks">Genetic characterization of influenza A viruses (H5N1) isolated from 3rd wave of Thailand AI outbreaks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33127522" href="https://chula.academia.edu/RoongrojeThanawongnuwech">Roongroje Thanawongnuwech</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33126194" href="https://chula.academia.edu/RachodTantilertcharoen">Rachod Tantilertcharoen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virus Research, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of influenza A viruses (H5N1) isolated from 3rd wave of Thailand AI outbreaks","attachmentId":44573303,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14134227/Genetic_characterization_of_influenza_A_viruses_H5N1_isolated_from_3rd_wave_of_Thailand_AI_outbreaks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14134227/Genetic_characterization_of_influenza_A_viruses_H5N1_isolated_from_3rd_wave_of_Thailand_AI_outbreaks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="27230928" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks">Genetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in southern China during the 2003–04 avian influenza outbreaks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51140440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThamNguyen89">Tham Nguyen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Virology, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in southern China during the 2003–04 avian influenza outbreaks","attachmentId":47489592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27230928/Genetic_characterization_of_H5N1_avian_influenza_viruses_isolated_in_southern_China_during_the_2003_04_avian_influenza_outbreaks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="97983944" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses">Genotypic diversity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5214902" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GarciaMaricarmen">Maricarmen Garcia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of general virology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotypic diversity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses","attachmentId":99458949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97983944/Genotypic_diversity_of_H5N1_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_viruses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="59132778" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59132778/Evolution_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Vietnam_between_2001_and_2007">Evolution of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109512730" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineSmith91">Catherine Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007","attachmentId":73213982,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59132778/Evolution_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Vietnam_between_2001_and_2007","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59132778/Evolution_of_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_in_Vietnam_between_2001_and_2007"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="109463142" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109463142/Recent_Avian_Influenza_Virus_A_H5N1_Evolution_in_Vaccinated_and_Unvaccinated_Poultry_from_Farms_in_Southern_Vietnam_January_March_2010">Recent Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Evolution in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Poultry from Farms in Southern Vietnam, January-March 2010</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="279068236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ngoctien18">ngoc tien</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recent Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Evolution in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Poultry from Farms in Southern Vietnam, January-March 2010","attachmentId":108704854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109463142/Recent_Avian_Influenza_Virus_A_H5N1_Evolution_in_Vaccinated_and_Unvaccinated_Poultry_from_Farms_in_Southern_Vietnam_January_March_2010","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109463142/Recent_Avian_Influenza_Virus_A_H5N1_Evolution_in_Vaccinated_and_Unvaccinated_Poultry_from_Farms_in_Southern_Vietnam_January_March_2010"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="34808013" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34808013/Genetic_characterization_of_an_H5N1_avian_influenza_virus_from_a_vaccinated_duck_flock_in_Vietnam">Genetic characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from a vaccinated duck flock in Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49081391" href="https://chungang.academia.edu/TruongAnhDuc">Truong Anh Duc</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195756355" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrinhQuangDai">Dai Trinh Quang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from a vaccinated duck flock in Vietnam","attachmentId":54666990,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34808013/Genetic_characterization_of_an_H5N1_avian_influenza_virus_from_a_vaccinated_duck_flock_in_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34808013/Genetic_characterization_of_an_H5N1_avian_influenza_virus_from_a_vaccinated_duck_flock_in_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="12362584" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12362584/Evolutionary_changes_in_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_in_Thailand">Evolutionary changes in avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2616234" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/AruneeThitithanyanont">Arunee Thitithanyanont</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31368150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlitaKongchanagul">Alita Kongchanagul</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31074318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PrasertAuewarakul">Prasert Auewarakul</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31242723" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/PSuriyapho">P. Suriyapho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta virologica, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary changes in avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Thailand","attachmentId":46222271,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12362584/Evolutionary_changes_in_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12362584/Evolutionary_changes_in_avian_influenza_H5N1_viruses_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="16602329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16602329/Characterization_of_a_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_virus_sublineage_in_poultry_seized_at_ports_of_entry_into_Vietnam">Characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus sublineage in poultry seized at ports of entry into Vietnam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35933625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmandaBalish">Amanda Balish</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Virology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus sublineage in poultry seized at ports of entry into Vietnam","attachmentId":40040572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16602329/Characterization_of_a_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_virus_sublineage_in_poultry_seized_at_ports_of_entry_into_Vietnam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16602329/Characterization_of_a_highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza_H5N1_virus_sublineage_in_poultry_seized_at_ports_of_entry_into_Vietnam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="4454730" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4454730/Genesis_of_a_highly_pathogenic_and_potentially_pandemic_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_eastern_Asia">Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5487843" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HT15">H T</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia","attachmentId":49849919,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4454730/Genesis_of_a_highly_pathogenic_and_potentially_pandemic_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_eastern_Asia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4454730/Genesis_of_a_highly_pathogenic_and_potentially_pandemic_H5N1_influenza_virus_in_eastern_Asia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="59132771" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59132771/Isolation_and_Characterization_of_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Including_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_from_Poultry_in_Live_Bird_Markets_in_Hanoi_Vietnam_in_2001">Isolation and Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses, Including Highly Pathogenic H5N1, from Poultry in Live Bird Markets in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2001</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109512730" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineSmith91">Catherine Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Virology, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Isolation and Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses, Including Highly Pathogenic H5N1, from Poultry in Live Bird Markets in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2001","attachmentId":73213998,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59132771/Isolation_and_Characterization_of_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Including_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_from_Poultry_in_Live_Bird_Markets_in_Hanoi_Vietnam_in_2001","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59132771/Isolation_and_Characterization_of_Avian_Influenza_Viruses_Including_Highly_Pathogenic_H5N1_from_Poultry_in_Live_Bird_Markets_in_Hanoi_Vietnam_in_2001"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="4967" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution">Molecular Evolution</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="8089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology">Virology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="40574" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Infectious_Diseases">Emerging Infectious Diseases</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="54433" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="110578" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia">Asia</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="213897" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype">Phenotype</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="234622" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuraminidase">Neuraminidase</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="255899" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry">Poultry</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="366620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POULTRY_DISEASES">POULTRY DISEASES</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="402759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens">Chickens</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="410370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1">Public health systems and servic...</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="577933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation">Genetic variation</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1012907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outbreak">Outbreak</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1379257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reassortment">Reassortment</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1622318" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral_Agents">Antiviral Agents</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="4011258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_vaccines">Influenza vaccines</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div> </body> </html>