CINXE.COM
(PDF) Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise | Vitthalrao Khyade - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="HMclpA5CDYjU5rAat1w0b9X+1IJwKZvoHgLH7oybDOCinZYRMwL9y5m6GLIbnrslomAssMHGbERm1mFl258YjQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/10/30" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Vitthalrao Khyade" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/VKhyade" /> <meta name="description" content="Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise" /> <title>(PDF) Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise | Vitthalrao Khyade - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732462950000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732462950000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":null,"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Vitthalrao Khyade"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-06-16","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2022-10-30","headline":"Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Pandemic","coronavirus outbreak","Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "33167026952a0eb79cdf97f2fda7cf620b98dd72ae01c886d41a600860fcaccb", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="u+Y2clqwum/ZHGINpNt7HEiu1QUuUJjEBq8O44ycxDQFvIXHZ/BKLJRAyqUIGfRWPzAtN5+/b2h+e6ho25jQWQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="kI06kSk9gWybZH0BYsZiPaMldyV7sZdmLRJXz769ONAu14kkFH1xL9Y41anOBO131LuPF8peYMpVxvFE6bksvQ==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 98504639; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F121085050%2FPandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F121085050%2FPandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":116058752,"identifier":"Attachment_116058752","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":121085050,"created_at":"2024-06-16T05:00:45.748-07:00","from_world_paper_id":256212281,"updated_at":"2024-11-23T18:05:49.763-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"The pandemic through corona virus (COVID-19) made the lockdown protocol all over the world, which affected most of the sectors of human life including the economic growth and development. The sectors of the economy are the recipients of the hard hit through COVID-19 and sericultural sector is not an exception for this influence. The present attempt deals with assessment of the economic influence of COVID-19 on usefulness (profitability) in sericultural practices in Pune District of India. The preliminary data on cultivation of mulberry and rearing of larval instars of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) were elicited from the sample farmers selected randomly from selected taluka places of Pune districts of Maharashtra state. The schedule of semi-structure was followed for the collection of the primary data (number of farmers and area of mulberry cultivation) through the discussion through the google meet. The secondary data on quantitative status (yield of the silk cocoon and prices) was collected through silk board (central and state) for the year:","publication_date":"2022,10,30","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"116058752"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [98504639]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":116058752,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/116058752/mini_magick20240802-1-f82224.png?1722559573" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Pandemic of Covid-19 and Sericultural Enterprise</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98504639" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VKhyade"><img alt="Profile image of Vitthalrao Khyade" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Vitthalrao Khyade</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":116058752,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":116058752,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="116058752" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/121085050/Pandemic_of_Covid_19_and_Sericultural_Enterprise" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="72600913" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72600913/A_Review_on_Effect_of_Covid_19_on_Indian_Sericulture_Sector">A Review on Effect of Covid-19 on Indian Sericulture Sector</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="151523323" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Chamuah">Priyanka Chamuah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Social Sciences</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Review on Effect of Covid-19 on Indian Sericulture Sector","attachmentId":81465814,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72600913/A_Review_on_Effect_of_Covid_19_on_Indian_Sericulture_Sector","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72600913/A_Review_on_Effect_of_Covid_19_on_Indian_Sericulture_Sector"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="106094800" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106094800/Economic_Analysis_of_Silkworm_Rearing_and_Cocoon_Production_in_Bilaspur_District_of_Himachal_Pradesh">Economic Analysis of Silkworm Rearing and Cocoon Production in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="277112274" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VikalpSharma31">Vikalp Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Economic Affairs, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Economic Analysis of Silkworm Rearing and Cocoon Production in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh","attachmentId":105382686,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106094800/Economic_Analysis_of_Silkworm_Rearing_and_Cocoon_Production_in_Bilaspur_District_of_Himachal_Pradesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106094800/Economic_Analysis_of_Silkworm_Rearing_and_Cocoon_Production_in_Bilaspur_District_of_Himachal_Pradesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="82081699" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82081699/ASSESSING_THE_EFFECT_OF_COVID_19_ON_AGRICULTURAL_PRODUCTION_IN_GULU_DISTRICT">ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN GULU DISTRICT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80984009" href="https://guluuniversity.academia.edu/KabilaObbo">Kabila J O N A T H A N Obbo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kabila Jonathan Obbo, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Globally, COVID-19 has negatively affected agricultural production especially among farmers in different corners of the world, and this has been in terms of yield, efficiency, quality, and prices of different agricultural products. During the early stages of this pandemic, governments across the world established and implemented different measures to ideally control the spread of the disease and among these measures included lockdown, curfew, social distancing among others which all these inevitably interfered with the normal running of the agricultural value chains in different localities. Within this context, this study was aimed at assessing the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural production in Gulu district, Northern Uganda. The study employed a community-based descriptive cross-sectional survey that used a well-structured questionnaire to collect both the study data. A random purposive multistage sampling technique was employed to select 120 farmers from the two sub counties of Paicho and Awach for this study. The data collected was mainly analyzed using descriptive statistical measures of mean, frequency, and standard deviation and was well represented with tables, bar, and pie charts. Almost 60% of the respondents were males, 85% were married and the mean age was 35years. The results of the analysis revealed that 82% of the farmers were faced with a challenge of low market prices, more than three quarters were faced with a challenge of transporting their produce to the market centers, and only 21% were faced with a shortage of labor. This study further established that beans, maize, and groundnuts were the crop enterprises adopted by majority of the farmers during the COVID-19 period at percentages of 27%, 22% and 22% respectively and that the most adopted animal enterprises were poultry and goats at proportions of 40% and 30% respectively. For almost all the crop enterprises adopted, less than 1 ton was harvested on average on an average acreage of 6 acres. For instance, just 973kgs of maize were produced on average. Low unit prices were realized for the different crops for instance the average unit prices for maize and beans were ugx 617.6shs and ugx 808.0shs respectively. Similarly, lower numbers of animals were produced and sold, and the animal unit prices were also visibly low for instance, the average unit price of cattle was ugx 750,000shs. With clear challenges of low agricultural produce prices during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government and its partners should enact policies that assist farmers to adapt to price fluctuations like through enhanced storage systems and contract farming. Further studies should be done to establish the paramount determinants that influenced farmers choices of the enterprises that they adopted during this period.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN GULU DISTRICT","attachmentId":87901047,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82081699/ASSESSING_THE_EFFECT_OF_COVID_19_ON_AGRICULTURAL_PRODUCTION_IN_GULU_DISTRICT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82081699/ASSESSING_THE_EFFECT_OF_COVID_19_ON_AGRICULTURAL_PRODUCTION_IN_GULU_DISTRICT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="114780706" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114780706/Assessing_Barriers_to_Production_and_Marketing_of_Tasar_and_Mulberry_Silkworm_Cocoons_in_Selected_Districts_of_Chhattisgarh_India">Assessing Barriers to Production and Marketing of Tasar and Mulberry Silkworm Cocoons in Selected Districts of Chhattisgarh, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114527456" href="https://igau.academia.edu/Narottamatree">Narottam atree</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Environment and Climate Change</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study conducted “Analysis of constraints on production and marketing of tasar and mulberry silk in Chhattisgarh” included four districts i.e. Bastar, Korba, Jashpur and Raigarh. In each district one block, from Bastar district Jagdalpur block, Jashpur district Kansabel block, Korba district Korba block and Raigarh district, Dharamjaigarh block has been selected for the study based on maximum tasar and mulberry seed centres and 16 villages has been selected for the study, information about the primary data was collected from 160 cocoon growers in selected areas, though well-prepared interview schedule/ questionnaires. The study observed that tasar and mulberry cocoon grower and their marketing was found to be major constraints unavailability of labour during the production process was ranked first according to measurement, respectively silkworm, lack of knowledge in the maintenance of host plant, unavailability of the good quality plantation, lack of technical guidance, unavailab...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessing Barriers to Production and Marketing of Tasar and Mulberry Silkworm Cocoons in Selected Districts of Chhattisgarh, India","attachmentId":111382918,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114780706/Assessing_Barriers_to_Production_and_Marketing_of_Tasar_and_Mulberry_Silkworm_Cocoons_in_Selected_Districts_of_Chhattisgarh_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114780706/Assessing_Barriers_to_Production_and_Marketing_of_Tasar_and_Mulberry_Silkworm_Cocoons_in_Selected_Districts_of_Chhattisgarh_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="72929555" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72929555/Comparative_study_of_economics_of_mulberry_silk_production_in_North_Western_and_Western_Zones_of_Tamil_Nadu">Comparative study of economics of mulberry silk production in North Western and Western Zones of Tamil Nadu</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="182483745" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrPhilipSridhar2196">Dr. Philip Sridhar 2196</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An attempt was made to compare the economics of sericulture was carried out in two major sericulture zones in Tamil Nadu such as, Western and North Western zone during 2012-13. Farmers who were regular in the practice of silkworm rearing were only randomly selected and data were collected by personal interview method. In north western zone the total cost of mulberry leaf production accounted for 92,610.42 /ha/year, whereas in Western zone it was 1,30,692.20 /ha/year. The return value of cocoon and by-products realized was 6,62,840.64 and 4,81,123.89 /ha/year in Western and North Western zones respectively. The total cost of cocoon production involved was 210923.47 /ha/year in North western zone where as, in Western zone, it accounted for 285687.28/ha/year. The net return from cocoon production for north western zone and western zone was 270200.41 and 377153.36 ha/year. The cost to benefit ratio was 1:2.28 and 1:2.32 for north Western and Western zones respectively. Hence, results of...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparative study of economics of mulberry silk production in North Western and Western Zones of Tamil Nadu","attachmentId":81656907,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72929555/Comparative_study_of_economics_of_mulberry_silk_production_in_North_Western_and_Western_Zones_of_Tamil_Nadu","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72929555/Comparative_study_of_economics_of_mulberry_silk_production_in_North_Western_and_Western_Zones_of_Tamil_Nadu"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="84080242" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84080242/Adoption_Pattern_of_Mulberry_Cultivation_and_Silkworm_Rearing_in_the_Eastern_Dry_Zone_of_Karnataka_India">Adoption Pattern of Mulberry Cultivation and Silkworm Rearing in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="225427034" href="https://uni-mysore.academia.edu/RUMAKANTH">PROF. R . S . UMAKANTH</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adoption Pattern of Mulberry Cultivation and Silkworm Rearing in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India","attachmentId":89223640,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84080242/Adoption_Pattern_of_Mulberry_Cultivation_and_Silkworm_Rearing_in_the_Eastern_Dry_Zone_of_Karnataka_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84080242/Adoption_Pattern_of_Mulberry_Cultivation_and_Silkworm_Rearing_in_the_Eastern_Dry_Zone_of_Karnataka_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="44425021" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44425021/A_Comparative_Study_on_Economy_of_Some_Vegetable_crops_in_Indian_Market_During_the_COVID_19_Pandemic">A Comparative Study on Economy of Some Vegetable crops in Indian Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2594470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/iosrjournals">IOSR Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The COVID-19 Pandemic is one of the greatest disasters of the century. It has affected a huge number of populations across the globe. Besides affecting people's health it has also agitated the world economy. The developing countries like India are facing a huge challenge to tackle the present economic turmoil. In this context the fluctuating prices of essential commodities like vegetables and fruits are catalyzing people's hardships. The study focuses on the trend in market prices of some vegetables in India in context of the COVID-19 crisis to find the reasons behind such trend and suggest some plans for their mitigation. Questionnaires were given to the APMC personnel, farmers, wholesalers and retailers either in plane paper or electronically as Google Forms pages. Market surveys were conducted wherever possible. Help of different print and electronic media, online meeting platforms were taken to collect relevant information. The findings revealed that the prices of vegetables dropped greatly in the early days of lockdown but in the latter half it surged up considerably. The reasons behind this were sudden drop in demand because of fear from pandemic outbreak and also because the mass consumers like restaurants, institutions remained shut after the declaration of country wise lockdown. Challenge such as the lack of cheap transport like the railways, closure of 'kisan-mandis', hoarding of commodities, restrictions on import and export, pressure from migrant labourers, disruptions of long supply chains etc. led to the sudden hike in market prices of vegetables. The paper recommended optimising supply chains, empowering smallholder farmers, promoting start-ups and MSME, resorting to digital platforms and understanding the changing consumer behaviour etc. to be some important actions towards a more resilient agri-food system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Comparative Study on Economy of Some Vegetable crops in Indian Market During the COVID-19 Pandemic","attachmentId":64840962,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44425021/A_Comparative_Study_on_Economy_of_Some_Vegetable_crops_in_Indian_Market_During_the_COVID_19_Pandemic","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44425021/A_Comparative_Study_on_Economy_of_Some_Vegetable_crops_in_Indian_Market_During_the_COVID_19_Pandemic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="85184197" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85184197/Impact_of_Lockdown_on_Floriculture_during_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_in_Haora_District_West_Bengal_India">Impact of Lockdown on Floriculture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Haora District, West Bengal, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15766973" href="https://chandernagorecollege.academia.edu/AshisSarkar">Ashis Sarkar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Spatial Science Spring Issue, 2022:13(1) pp.54 - 59 , 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Coronavirus creates a worldwide pandemic situation for all sectors of the economy and floriculture is not an exception to that. Floriculture is one of the important profitable agricultural sectors of Haora district, West Bengal, which provides a good source of income and employment opportunities to the rural people. Here the paper intends to find out the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on floriculture by using both primary and secondary data. The field survey was conducted purposively to the floriculture concentred villages of Bagnan I and II CD Blocks in Haora district. Data related to cost analysis and labour requirement of the flower cultivation have been collected through the primary interview schedule. On the basis of the collected data, cost and return analysis have been done to find out the amount of economic loss (INR) and also find out the numbers of loss of man-days in floriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. The result reveals that the amount of economic loss was very significant and it impacted badly to the district economy and the losses number of man-days was huge during that time, which created a temporary unemployment situation in the rural areas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of Lockdown on Floriculture during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Haora District, West Bengal, India","attachmentId":89961535,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85184197/Impact_of_Lockdown_on_Floriculture_during_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_in_Haora_District_West_Bengal_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85184197/Impact_of_Lockdown_on_Floriculture_during_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_in_Haora_District_West_Bengal_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="108750453" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108750453/Impact_of_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Production_and_Productivity_in_Banavaram_Village_of_Vellore_District_of_Tamil_Nadu">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Production and Productivity in Banavaram Village of Vellore District of Tamil Nadu</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6123124" href="https://arccjournals.academia.edu/ArccJournals">Arcc Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika, Volume 38 Issue 3: 246-251 (September 2023)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on agricultural production and productivity in Tamil Nadu. A total of 147 farmers was surveyed in Banavaram village of Vellore district (93% male; 28% 30-39 years old; 38% literates). About one in ten farmers (10%) did not harvest in the past month with primary reasons cited being unfavorable weather (36%) and lockdown-related reasons (26%). A total of 65% of farmers harvested in the past month (primarily paddy and vegetables), but only 45% had sold their crop; 13% were still trying to sell their crop and 38% had stored their crop, with more than half (55%) reporting lockdown-related issues as the reason for storing. Seventy-nine per cent of households with wage-workers witnessed a decline in wages in the past month and 49% of households with incomes from livestock witnessed a decline. Nearly all farmers reported less productivity (97%). These values are much lower than reported previously for farmers in Banavaram village around this time of year before COVID-19. In conclusion, we found that the COVID-19 lockdown in India has primarily impacted farmers' ability to produce their crops and livestock products which directly affect their day-today activity and standard of living.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Production and Productivity in Banavaram Village of Vellore District of Tamil Nadu","attachmentId":107054743,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108750453/Impact_of_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Production_and_Productivity_in_Banavaram_Village_of_Vellore_District_of_Tamil_Nadu","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108750453/Impact_of_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Production_and_Productivity_in_Banavaram_Village_of_Vellore_District_of_Tamil_Nadu"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="96697894" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96697894/Growth_Performance_of_Silkworm_Cocoon_Production_in_Karnataka_India">Growth Performance of Silkworm Cocoon Production in Karnataka, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="81101069" href="https://uasraicur.academia.edu/GMHiremath">GM Hiremath</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Growth Performance of Silkworm Cocoon Production in Karnataka, India","attachmentId":98524358,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96697894/Growth_Performance_of_Silkworm_Cocoon_Production_in_Karnataka_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96697894/Growth_Performance_of_Silkworm_Cocoon_Production_in_Karnataka_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":116058752,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":116058752,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_116058752" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="91160191" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91160191/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Production_of_Farmers_in_Raipur_District_of_Chhattisgarh">Impact of COVID-19 on the Production of Farmers in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72710153" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jwalaparte">jwala parte</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics &amp; Sociology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the Production of Farmers in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh","attachmentId":94525822,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91160191/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Production_of_Farmers_in_Raipur_District_of_Chhattisgarh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91160191/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Production_of_Farmers_in_Raipur_District_of_Chhattisgarh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="96865207" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96865207/COVID_19_Pandemic_and_Horticultural_Sector_An_Investigation_of_Cause_and_Effect_Relationship_in_J_and_K">COVID-19 Pandemic and Horticultural Sector: An Investigation of Cause & Effect Relationship in J&K</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139425631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BJSTRAngelaRoy">BJSTR Angela Roy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BJSTR, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Horticultural Sector: An Investigation of Cause \u0026 Effect Relationship in J\u0026K","attachmentId":98644348,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96865207/COVID_19_Pandemic_and_Horticultural_Sector_An_Investigation_of_Cause_and_Effect_Relationship_in_J_and_K","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96865207/COVID_19_Pandemic_and_Horticultural_Sector_An_Investigation_of_Cause_and_Effect_Relationship_in_J_and_K"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="64020079" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64020079/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_Private_Plant_Nursery_Business_A_Case_Study_of_Sylhet_District_Bangladesh">Impact of COVID-19 on Private Plant Nursery Business: A Case Study of Sylhet District, Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="183732165" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rahinoorakter">Rahinoor Akter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Private Plant Nursery Business: A Case Study of Sylhet District, Bangladesh","attachmentId":76251114,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64020079/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_Private_Plant_Nursery_Business_A_Case_Study_of_Sylhet_District_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64020079/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_Private_Plant_Nursery_Business_A_Case_Study_of_Sylhet_District_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="49320407" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49320407/UNLOCKING_THE_IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_ASSAM_SILK_INDUSTRY_CHALLENGES_AND_STRATEGIES_TO_REVIVE_THE_INDUSTRY">UNLOCKING THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON ASSAM SILK INDUSTRY: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES TO REVIVE THE INDUSTRY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6017029" href="https://nehu.academia.edu/sunildroAk">Dr Sunildro L . S . Akoijam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Towards Excellent (HRDC, Gujarat University), 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"UNLOCKING THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON ASSAM SILK INDUSTRY: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES TO REVIVE THE INDUSTRY","attachmentId":67696658,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49320407/UNLOCKING_THE_IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_ASSAM_SILK_INDUSTRY_CHALLENGES_AND_STRATEGIES_TO_REVIVE_THE_INDUSTRY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49320407/UNLOCKING_THE_IMPACT_OF_COVID_19_ON_ASSAM_SILK_INDUSTRY_CHALLENGES_AND_STRATEGIES_TO_REVIVE_THE_INDUSTRY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="43019986" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43019986/WILL_NOVEL_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_PANDEMIC_IMPACT_AGRICULTURE_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_ANIMAL_SECTORS_QUAL_SER%C3%81_O_IMPACTO_DA_PANDEMIA_DO_NOVO_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_NA_AGRICULTURA_SEGURAN%C3%87A_ALIMENTAR_E_SETORES_DE_PRODU%C3%87%C3%83O_ANIMAL">WILL NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC IMPACT AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY AND ANIMAL SECTORS? QUAL SERÁ O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVIRUS (COVID- 19) NA AGRICULTURA, SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E SETORES DE PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="167466" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MahmoudFathySeleiman">Dr. Mahmoud Fathy Seleiman</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39670323" href="https://ufu.academia.edu/FernandoJuliatti">Fernando Juliatti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bioscience Journal, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"WILL NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC IMPACT AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY AND ANIMAL SECTORS? QUAL SERÁ O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVIRUS (COVID- 19) NA AGRICULTURA, SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E SETORES DE PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL","attachmentId":63283524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43019986/WILL_NOVEL_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_PANDEMIC_IMPACT_AGRICULTURE_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_ANIMAL_SECTORS_QUAL_SER%C3%81_O_IMPACTO_DA_PANDEMIA_DO_NOVO_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_NA_AGRICULTURA_SEGURAN%C3%87A_ALIMENTAR_E_SETORES_DE_PRODU%C3%87%C3%83O_ANIMAL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43019986/WILL_NOVEL_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_PANDEMIC_IMPACT_AGRICULTURE_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_ANIMAL_SECTORS_QUAL_SER%C3%81_O_IMPACTO_DA_PANDEMIA_DO_NOVO_CORONAVIRUS_COVID_19_NA_AGRICULTURA_SEGURAN%C3%87A_ALIMENTAR_E_SETORES_DE_PRODU%C3%87%C3%83O_ANIMAL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="91346926" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91346926/Socio_economic_and_Communicational_Status_of_Tasar_Silkworm_Rearers_in_Bastar_District_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India">Socio-economic and Communicational Status of Tasar Silkworm Rearers in Bastar District of Chhattisgarh in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="229570967" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ajayraut32">ajay raut</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics &amp; Sociology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Socio-economic and Communicational Status of Tasar Silkworm Rearers in Bastar District of Chhattisgarh in India","attachmentId":94660098,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91346926/Socio_economic_and_Communicational_Status_of_Tasar_Silkworm_Rearers_in_Bastar_District_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91346926/Socio_economic_and_Communicational_Status_of_Tasar_Silkworm_Rearers_in_Bastar_District_of_Chhattisgarh_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="77568615" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77568615/Impact_of_Covid_19_on_Agriculture_in_India">Impact of Covid-19 on Agriculture in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51777220" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DibyajyotiBasak">Dibyajyoti Basak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of Covid-19 on Agriculture in India","attachmentId":84897514,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77568615/Impact_of_Covid_19_on_Agriculture_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77568615/Impact_of_Covid_19_on_Agriculture_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="79283700" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79283700/Covid_19_impact_on_agricultural_and_anticipate_strategies">Covid-19: impact on agricultural and anticipate strategies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44134823" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DianNurRatri">Dian Nur Ratri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">E3S Web of Conferences, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Covid-19: impact on agricultural and anticipate strategies","attachmentId":86051040,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79283700/Covid_19_impact_on_agricultural_and_anticipate_strategies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79283700/Covid_19_impact_on_agricultural_and_anticipate_strategies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="72794624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72794624/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agriculture_Sector_Survey_Analysis_of_Farmer_Responses_from_Kerala_and_Tamil_Nadu_States_in_India">Impact of COVID-19 on the Agriculture Sector: Survey Analysis of Farmer Responses from Kerala and Tamil Nadu States in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4974248" href="https://amrita.academia.edu/ParthasarathySeethapathy">Parthasarathy Seethapathy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Agronomy</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the Agriculture Sector: Survey Analysis of Farmer Responses from Kerala and Tamil Nadu States in India","attachmentId":81579825,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72794624/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agriculture_Sector_Survey_Analysis_of_Farmer_Responses_from_Kerala_and_Tamil_Nadu_States_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72794624/Impact_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agriculture_Sector_Survey_Analysis_of_Farmer_Responses_from_Kerala_and_Tamil_Nadu_States_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="121037360" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121037360/ANALYSIS_OF_PROFITABILITY_OF_VEGETABLE_PRODUCTION_DURING_AND_AFTER_COVID_19_LOCKDOWN_IN_SOUTHWEST_NIGERIA">ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION DURING AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="169043910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlutopeOjo">Olutope Ojo</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION DURING AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA","attachmentId":116018360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121037360/ANALYSIS_OF_PROFITABILITY_OF_VEGETABLE_PRODUCTION_DURING_AND_AFTER_COVID_19_LOCKDOWN_IN_SOUTHWEST_NIGERIA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121037360/ANALYSIS_OF_PROFITABILITY_OF_VEGETABLE_PRODUCTION_DURING_AND_AFTER_COVID_19_LOCKDOWN_IN_SOUTHWEST_NIGERIA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="69749942" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69749942/CONSIDERATIONS_ON_COVID_19_IMPACT_ON_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_FORWARD_LOOKING_STATEMENTS">CONSIDERATIONS ON COVID 19 IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY AND FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="81906061" href="https://imst.academia.edu/ParaschivuMirela">Paraschivu Mirela</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4630236" href="https://usab-tm.academia.edu/OtiliaCotuna">Otilia Cotuna</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CONSIDERATIONS ON COVID 19 IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY AND FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS","attachmentId":79725543,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69749942/CONSIDERATIONS_ON_COVID_19_IMPACT_ON_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_FORWARD_LOOKING_STATEMENTS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69749942/CONSIDERATIONS_ON_COVID_19_IMPACT_ON_AGRICULTURE_AND_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_FORWARD_LOOKING_STATEMENTS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="89049802" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89049802/Deciphering_the_Impact_of_Novel_Coronavirus_Covid_19_on_the_Indian_Agricultural_System_A_Review">Deciphering the Impact of Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) on the Indian Agricultural System: A Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="107351848" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shravanisanyal">shravani sanyal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deciphering the Impact of Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) on the Indian Agricultural System: A Review","attachmentId":92920380,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89049802/Deciphering_the_Impact_of_Novel_Coronavirus_Covid_19_on_the_Indian_Agricultural_System_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89049802/Deciphering_the_Impact_of_Novel_Coronavirus_Covid_19_on_the_Indian_Agricultural_System_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="9335108" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9335108/An_economic_analysis_of_mulberry_raw_silk_production_in_traditional_and_non_traditional_states_of_India">An economic analysis of mulberry raw silk production in traditional and non-traditional states of India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13423462" href="https://premierpublishers.academia.edu/PremierPublishers">Premier Publishers</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An economic analysis of mulberry raw silk production in traditional and non-traditional states of India","attachmentId":35620628,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9335108/An_economic_analysis_of_mulberry_raw_silk_production_in_traditional_and_non_traditional_states_of_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9335108/An_economic_analysis_of_mulberry_raw_silk_production_in_traditional_and_non_traditional_states_of_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="100245307" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100245307/A_Statistical_Study_of_the_Influence_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agricultural_Supply_Chain_Vegetative_Production_in_Halabja_Governorate">A Statistical Study of the Influence of COVID-19 on the Agricultural Supply Chain (Vegetative) Production in Halabja Governorate</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="99794848" href="https://independent.academia.edu/aymanismail13">ayman ismail</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Statistical Study of the Influence of COVID-19 on the Agricultural Supply Chain (Vegetative) Production in Halabja Governorate","attachmentId":101123467,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100245307/A_Statistical_Study_of_the_Influence_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agricultural_Supply_Chain_Vegetative_Production_in_Halabja_Governorate","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100245307/A_Statistical_Study_of_the_Influence_of_COVID_19_on_the_Agricultural_Supply_Chain_Vegetative_Production_in_Halabja_Governorate"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="57668400" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57668400/Analysis_on_the_Effect_of_Different_Mulberry_Varieties_on_the_Commercial_Parameters_of_Mulberry_Silkworm_Bombyx_mori_A_Review">Analysis on the Effect of Different Mulberry Varieties on the Commercial Parameters of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori): A Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54018686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RubiaBukhari">RUBIA BUKHARI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Experimental Agriculture International</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis on the Effect of Different Mulberry Varieties on the Commercial Parameters of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori): A Review","attachmentId":72456907,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57668400/Analysis_on_the_Effect_of_Different_Mulberry_Varieties_on_the_Commercial_Parameters_of_Mulberry_Silkworm_Bombyx_mori_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57668400/Analysis_on_the_Effect_of_Different_Mulberry_Varieties_on_the_Commercial_Parameters_of_Mulberry_Silkworm_Bombyx_mori_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="81867986" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81867986/Drastic_impacts_of_COVID_19_on_food_agriculture_and_economy">Drastic impacts of COVID-19 on food, agriculture and economy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133009675" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BadarNaseemSiddiqui">Badar Naseem Siddiqui</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pure and Applied Biology, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Drastic impacts of COVID-19 on food, agriculture and economy","attachmentId":87762332,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81867986/Drastic_impacts_of_COVID_19_on_food_agriculture_and_economy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81867986/Drastic_impacts_of_COVID_19_on_food_agriculture_and_economy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="113859635" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113859635/A_review_Agricultural_production_and_food_industry_during_Pandemic_COVID_19">A review: Agricultural production and food industry during Pandemic COVID-19</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242082510" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadzirahIkasariSSTMT">Nadzirah Ikasari S, S.T., M.T.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IOP conference series, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A review: Agricultural production and food industry during Pandemic COVID-19","attachmentId":110712544,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113859635/A_review_Agricultural_production_and_food_industry_during_Pandemic_COVID_19","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113859635/A_review_Agricultural_production_and_food_industry_during_Pandemic_COVID_19"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="103468170" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103468170/Impact_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Output_of_Farmers_with_Special_Reference_to_Selected_Districts_of_Punjab">Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Output of Farmers with Special Reference to Selected Districts of Punjab</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62901029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup">Publishing India Group</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Indian Journal of Sustainable Development, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Output of Farmers with Special Reference to Selected Districts of Punjab","attachmentId":103467980,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103468170/Impact_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Output_of_Farmers_with_Special_Reference_to_Selected_Districts_of_Punjab","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103468170/Impact_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Agricultural_Output_of_Farmers_with_Special_Reference_to_Selected_Districts_of_Punjab"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="50378263" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50378263/The_Economic_Impact_of_COVID_19_Outbreak_on_the_Agriculture_Sector">The Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Agriculture Sector</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56956914" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ssumartias">suwandi sumartias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Agriculture System</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Agriculture Sector","attachmentId":68390938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50378263/The_Economic_Impact_of_COVID_19_Outbreak_on_the_Agriculture_Sector","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50378263/The_Economic_Impact_of_COVID_19_Outbreak_on_the_Agriculture_Sector"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1028827" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic">Pandemic</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="3629332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/coronavirus_outbreak">coronavirus outbreak</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="3686510" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_Disease_2019_COVID-19_">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>