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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948–1963:_Oud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948–1963:_Oud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1948–1963: Oud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948–1963:_Oud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1963–1971:_Toxopeus_and_Geertsema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1971:_Toxopeus_and_Geertsema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1963–1971: Toxopeus and Geertsema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963–1971:_Toxopeus_and_Geertsema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1971–1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971–1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1971–1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1971–1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994–2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994–2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1994–2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994–2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006–2023:_Rutte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006–2023:_Rutte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2006–2023: Rutte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006–2023:_Rutte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–present:_Yeşilgöz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–present:_Yeşilgöz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2023–present: Yeşilgöz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–present:_Yeşilgöz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberal_Manifesto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_Manifesto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Liberal Manifesto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_Manifesto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Freedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Policy overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Representation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Representation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Representation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_States_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_States_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Members of the States General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_States_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Members of the House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Members of the Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_EU_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_EU_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Representation in EU institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_EU_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Organisational structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linked_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linked_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Linked organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linked_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>International organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksparty_vir_Vryheid_en_Demokrasie" title="Volksparty vir Vryheid en Demokrasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Volksparty vir Vryheid en Demokrasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حزب الشعب من أجل الحرية والديمقراطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب الشعب من أجل الحرية والديمقراطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_popul%C3%A8ro_por_la_Lib%C3%A8rt%C3%A2t_et_la_D%C3%A8mocracia" title="Parti populèro por la Libèrtât et la Dèmocracia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Parti populèro por la Libèrtât et la Dèmocracia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB-i%C3%BB_B%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_T%C3%B3ng" title="Chū-iû Bîn-chú Jîn-bîn Tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chū-iû Bîn-chú Jîn-bîn Tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8E" title="Народная партыя за свабоду і дэмакратыю – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Народная партыя за свабоду і дэмакратыю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Народна партия за свобода и демокрация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Народна партия за свобода и демокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Popular_per_la_Llibertat_i_la_Democr%C3%A0cia" title="Partit Popular per la Llibertat i la Democràcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Popular per la Llibertat i la Democràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidov%C3%A1_strana_pro_svobodu_a_demokracii" title="Lidová strana pro svobodu a demokracii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lidová strana pro svobodu a demokracii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvapartei_Vabaduse_ja_Demokraatia_Eest" title="Rahvapartei Vabaduse ja Demokraatia Eest – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvapartei Vabaduse ja Demokraatia Eest" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λαϊκό Κόμμα για την Ελευθερία και τη Δημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαϊκό Κόμμα για την Ελευθερία και τη Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular_por_la_Libertad_y_la_Democracia" title="Partido Popular por la Libertad y la Democracia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Popular por la Libertad y la Democracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popola_Partio_por_Libereco_kaj_Demokratio" title="Popola Partio por Libereco kaj Demokratio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Popola Partio por Libereco kaj Demokratio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="حزب مردم برای آزادی و دموکراسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب مردم برای آزادی و دموکراسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_populaire_pour_la_libert%C3%A9_et_la_d%C3%A9mocratie" title="Parti populaire pour la liberté et la démocratie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti populaire pour la liberté et la démocratie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkspartij_foar_Frijheid_en_Demokrasy" title="Folkspartij foar Frijheid en Demokrasy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Folkspartij foar Frijheid en Demokrasy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="자유민주인민당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유민주인민당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodna_stranka_za_slobodu_i_demokraciju_(Nizozemska)" title="Narodna stranka za slobodu i demokraciju (Nizozemska) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narodna stranka za slobodu i demokraciju (Nizozemska)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Kebebasan_dan_Demokrasi_Rakyat" title="Partai Kebebasan dan Demokrasi Rakyat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Kebebasan dan Demokrasi Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Popolare_per_la_Libert%C3%A0_e_la_Democrazia" title="Partito Popolare per la Libertà e la Democrazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Popolare per la Libertà e la Democrazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9_%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="מפלגת העם למען חופש ודמוקרטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת העם למען חופש ודמוקרטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1" title="სახალხო პარტია თავისუფლებისა და დემოკრატიისთვის – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახალხო პარტია თავისუფლებისა და დემოკრატიისთვის" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVD" title="VVD – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="VVD" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9pp%C3%A1rt_a_Szabads%C3%A1g%C3%A9rt_%C3%A9s_Demokr%C3%A1ci%C3%A1%C3%A9rt" title="Néppárt a Szabadságért és Demokráciáért – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Néppárt a Szabadságért és Demokráciáért" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_untuk_Kebebasan_dan_Demokrasi" title="Parti Rakyat untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Rakyat untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="自由民主国民党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由民主国民党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_voor_Vrijheid_en_Democratie" title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Ludowa_na_rzecz_Wolno%C5%9Bci_i_Demokracji" title="Partia Ludowa na rzecz Wolności i Demokracji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Ludowa na rzecz Wolności i Demokracji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular_para_a_Liberdade_e_Democracia" title="Partido Popular para a Liberdade e Democracia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Popular para a Liberdade e Democracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Popular_pentru_Libertate_%C8%99i_Democra%C8%9Bie" title="Partidul Popular pentru Libertate și Democrație – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Popular pentru Libertate și Democrație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E" title="Народная партия за свободу и демократию – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народная партия за свободу и демократию" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_stranka_za_svobodo_in_demokracijo" title="Ljudska stranka za svobodo in demokracijo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ljudska stranka za svobodo in demokracijo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xisbiga_shacabka_iyo_xoriyada_Holand" title="Xisbiga shacabka iyo xoriyada Holand – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xisbiga shacabka iyo xoriyada Holand" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodna_stranka_za_slobodu_i_demokraciju_(Nizozemska)" title="Narodna stranka za slobodu i demokraciju (Nizozemska) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narodna stranka za slobodu i demokraciju (Nizozemska)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapauden_ja_demokratian_kansanpuolue" title="Vapauden ja demokratian kansanpuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vapauden ja demokratian kansanpuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkpartiet_f%C3%B6r_frihet_och_demokrati" title="Folkpartiet för frihet och demokrati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkpartiet för frihet och demokrati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="พรรคประชาชนเพื่อเสรีภาพและประชาธิปไตย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคประชาชนเพื่อเสรีภาพและประชาธิปไตย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCrl%C3%BCk_ve_Demokrasi_i%C3%A7in_Halk_Partisi" title="Özgürlük ve Demokrasi için Halk Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özgürlük ve Demokrasi için Halk Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Народна партія за свободу і демократію – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Народна партія за свободу і демократію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_T%E1%BB%B1_do_v%C3%A0_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7" title="Đảng Nhân dân Tự do và Dân chủ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Nhân dân Tự do và Dân chủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkspartij_v%C3%B2_Vrie%27eid_en_Democraotie" title="Volkspartij vò Vrie'eid en Democraotie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Volkspartij vò Vrie'eid en Democraotie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="自由民主人民黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由民主人民黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q239333#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Dutch footballer nicknamed "VVD", see <a href="/wiki/Virgil_van_Dijk" title="Virgil van Dijk">Virgil van Dijk</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0A2CCA; border-bottom:2px solid #0A2CCA; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="nl">Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VVD_logo_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/125px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/188px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/250px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">VVD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Dilan Yeşilgöz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">List</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Wetzels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Wetzels (page does not exist)">Eric Wetzels</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wetzels" class="extiw" title="nl:Eric Wetzels">nl</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Chair of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">List</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Edith Schippers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dilan Yeşilgöz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Leader in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Malik_Azmani" title="Malik Azmani">Malik Azmani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">28 January 1948<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1948-01-28</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Freedom Party (Netherlands)">Freedom Party</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee-Oud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee-Oud (page does not exist)">Committee-Oud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Mauritskade 21, 2514 HD <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Holland" title="South Holland">South Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Organisation_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy">Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Policy institute</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Telders Foundation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(January 2024)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 22,473<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Regional affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Liberal Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0A2CCA; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ultramarine" title="Ultramarine">Ultramarine</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF6400; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Orange</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_council_(Netherlands)" title="Provincial council (Netherlands)">Provincial councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">63 / 570</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Benelux Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vvd.nl">vvd<wbr />.nl</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0A2CCA;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈvɔl(ə)kspɑrˌtɛi<span class="wrap"> </span>voːr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈvrɛiɦɛit<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛn<span class="wrap"> </span>deːmoːkra:ˈtsi]</a></span>, <b>VVD</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative-liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">political party in the Netherlands</a>. The VVD, whose forerunner was the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Freedom Party (Netherlands)">Freedom Party</a>, is a party of the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> that tries to promote <a href="/wiki/Privately_owned_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Privately owned enterprise">private enterprise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Freedom Party (Netherlands)">Freedom Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Stikker" title="Dirk Stikker">Dirk Stikker</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee-Oud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee-Oud (page does not exist)">Committee-Oud</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Pieter Oud</a> started negotiations with the goal of a merger. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative liberal</a> VDB was a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_State_Party" title="Liberal State Party">Liberal State Party</a>, but was disappointed with only six seats in the <a href="/wiki/1946_Dutch_general_election" title="1946 Dutch general election">1946 general election</a>. The Committee-Oud was a group of former members of the social liberal <a href="/wiki/Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a> (VDB), who had been dissatisfied with the social-democratic character of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> (PvdA), in which the VDB had merged with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)">Social Democratic Workers' Party</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_(Dutch_political_history)" title="Breakthrough (Dutch political history)">breakthrough movement</a>. As a result, the part was founded on 24 January 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1963:_Oud"><span id="1948.E2.80.931963:_Oud"></span>1948–1963: Oud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1948–1963: Oud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6,_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg/220px-Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg/330px-Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg/440px-Jaarvergadering_VVD_in_Utrecht._Burgemeester_van_Rotterdam_Oud_in_gesprek_met_m%E2%80%A6%2C_Bestanddeelnr_903-3057.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2845" /></a><figcaption>Founders of the VVD, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Stikker" title="Dirk Stikker">Dirk Stikker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Pieter Oud</a>, in 1949.</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1948 and 1952, the VVD took part in the broad cabinets led by the Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a>. The party was a junior partner with only eight seats to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Catholic People's Party">Catholic People's Party</a> (KVP) and Labour Party, which both had around thirty seats (out of 100). The Drees cabinets laid the foundation for the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and decolonisation of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. In the <a href="/wiki/1952_Dutch_general_election" title="1952 Dutch general election">general election of 1952</a> the VVD gained one seat, but did not join the government. In the <a href="/wiki/1956_Dutch_general_election" title="1956 Dutch general election">general election of 1956</a> it increased its total, receiving thirteen seats, but was still kept out of government during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">cabinet formation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the <a href="/wiki/1959_Dutch_general_election" title="1959 Dutch general election">general election of 1959</a>, which was held early because of a cabinet crisis. This time it gained nineteen seats, and the party entered government alongside the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Anti-Revolutionary_Party" title="Anti-Revolutionary Party">Anti-Revolutionary Party</a> (ARP), the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Historical_Union" title="Christian Historical Union">Christian Historical Union</a> (CHU) and the KVP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1963–1971:_Toxopeus_and_Geertsema"><span id="1963.E2.80.931971:_Toxopeus_and_Geertsema"></span>1963–1971: Toxopeus and Geertsema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1963–1971: Toxopeus and Geertsema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, Oud retired from politics, and was succeeded by the Minister of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Edzo Toxopeus</a>. With Toxopeus as its leader, the VVD lost three seats in the <a href="/wiki/1963_Dutch_general_election" title="1963 Dutch general election">1963 election</a>, but remained in government after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Dutch_cabinet_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Dutch cabinet formation (page does not exist)">1963 cabinet formation</a>. In 1962, a substantial group of disillusioned VVD members founded the Liberal Democratic Centre (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Liberaal Democratisch Centrum</i>, LDC) which was intended to introduce a more twentieth-century <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> direction to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> VVD. </p><p>In 1966, frustrated with their hopeless efforts, left-wing LDC members joined a new political party, the <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> (D66). In 1965, there also occurred a conflict between VVD Ministers and their counterparts from the KVP and ARP in the <a href="/wiki/Marijnen_cabinet" title="Marijnen cabinet">Marijnen cabinet</a>. The cabinet fell; without an election taking place, it was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Cals_cabinet" title="Cals cabinet">a KVP–ARP–PvdA cabinet</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jo_Cals" title="Jo Cals">Jo Cals</a>, which itself fell during the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_Schmelzer" title="Night of Schmelzer">Night of Schmelzer</a> the following year. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967 election</a> the VVD remained relatively stable and entered the <a href="/wiki/De_Jong_cabinet" title="De Jong cabinet">De Jong cabinet</a>. </p><p>During this period the VVD had loose ties with other liberal organisations; together, these formed the <a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">neutral pillar</a>. They included the liberal papers <i><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Rotterdamsche_Courant" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant">Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Handelsblad" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemeen Handelsblad">Algemeen Handelsblad</a></i>, the broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Algemene_Vereniging_Radio_Omroep" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep">AVRO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Employers%27_organization" title="Employers' organization">employers' organisation</a> <a href="/wiki/VNO-NCW" title="VNO-NCW">VNO</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1971–1994"><span id="1971.E2.80.931994"></span>1971–1994</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1971–1994"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Wiegel_1977_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg/200px-Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg/300px-Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg/400px-Hans_Wiegel_1977_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a>, Leader from 1971 until 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">Dutch general election of 1971</a>, the VVD lost one seat and the cabinet lost its majority. A cabinet was formed by the Christian democratic parties, the VVD and the Labour Party offshoot <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_%2770" title="Democratic Socialists '70">Democratic Socialists '70</a>. This cabinet collapsed after a few months. Meanwhile, the charismatic young MP <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> had attracted considerable attention. He became the new leader of the VVD. In 1971, he became the new parliamentary leader, and he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">lead candidate</a> in 1972. Under Wiegel's leadership, the party oriented towards a new political course, aiming to reform the welfare state and cut taxes. Wiegel did not shrink from conflict with the Labour Party and the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>. With this new course came a new electorate: <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> and middle-class voters who, because of individualisation and <a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">depillarisation</a>, were more easy to attract. </p><p>The course proved to be profitable: in the heavily polarised <a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">general election of 1972</a>, the VVD gained six seats. The VVD was kept out of government by the social democratic and Christian democratic <a href="/wiki/Den_Uyl_cabinet" title="Den Uyl cabinet">Den Uyl cabinet</a>. Although the ties between the VVD and other organisations within the neutral pillar became ever looser, the number of neutral organisations friendly to the VVD grew. The <a href="/wiki/TROS" title="TROS">TROS</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Radio_Veronica" title="Radio Veronica">Veronica</a>, new broadcasters which entered the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Public_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Public Broadcasting">Netherlands Public Broadcasting</a>, were friendly to the VVD. In 1977, the VVD again won six seats, bringing its total to twenty-eight seats. When lengthy formation talks between the social democrats and Christian democrats eventually led to a final break between the two parties, the VVD formed <a href="/wiki/Second_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="Second Van Agt cabinet">cabinet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA), with a majority of only two seats. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_general_election" title="1981 Dutch general election">general election of 1981</a>, the VVD lost two seats and its partner the CDA lost even more. The cabinet was without a majority and a CDA, Labour and D66 <a href="/wiki/Second_Van_Agt_cabinet" title="Second Van Agt cabinet">cabinet</a> was formed, falling after only a few months. In 1982, Hans Wiegel left Parliament to become <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Commissioner">Queen's Commissioner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Ed Nijpels</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_general_election" title="1982 Dutch general election">general election of 1982</a> Nijpels' VVD gained ten seats, bringing its total up to 36. Once again, it formed the <a href="/wiki/First_Lubbers_cabinet" title="First Lubbers cabinet">First Lubbers cabinet</a> with the CDA. The cabinet began a programme of radical reform of the welfare state, which is still in place today. The VVD lost nine seats in the <a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986 election</a> but the cabinet nonetheless retained its majority. The losses were blamed on Nijpels, who stood down as leader of the VVD. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Joris_Voorhoeve" title="Joris Voorhoeve">Joris Voorhoeve</a>. In 1989 the CDA–VVD cabinet fell over a minor issue, and the VVD lost five seats in the <a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">subsequent election</a>, leaving only twenty-two. The VVD was kept out of government, and Voorhoeve stood down and was succeeded by the charismatic intellectual <a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994–2006"><span id="1994.E2.80.932006"></span>1994–2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1994–2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg/220px-Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg/330px-Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg/440px-Frits_Bolkestein_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="2464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a>, leader from 1990 until 1998</figcaption></figure> <p>Bolkestein's VVD was one of the winners of the <a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">general election of 1994</a>: the party gained nine seats. It formed an unprecedented government with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> (PvdA) and the social liberal <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a>. The so-called "<a href="/wiki/Purple_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple (government)">purple</a> <a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Wim_Kok" class="mw-redirect" title="First cabinet of Wim Kok">cabinet</a>" led by <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> was the first Dutch government without any Christian parties since 1918. Like many of his predecessors, Bolkestein remained in parliament. His political style was characterised by some as "opposition to one's own government". This style was very successful and the VVD gained another seven seats in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998 election</a>, becoming the second largest party in parliament with thirty-eight seats. The VVD formed a <a href="/wiki/Second_Kok_cabinet" title="Second Kok cabinet">second Purple cabinet</a> with the Labour Party and D66. Bolkestein left Dutch politics in 1999 to become <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commissioner</a>. He was replaced by the more <a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">technocratic</a> and social liberal <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dijkstal" title="Hans Dijkstal">Hans Dijkstal</a>. </p><p>In the heavily polarised <a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_general_election" title="2002 Dutch general election">Dutch general election of 2002</a>, dominated by the rise and murder of <a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn" title="Pim Fortuyn">Pim Fortuyn</a>, the VVD lost fourteen seats, leaving only twenty-four. The VVD nonetheless entered a cabinet with the Christian Democratic Appeal and the <a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn_List" title="Pim Fortuyn List">Pim Fortuyn List</a> (LPF). Dijkstal stood down and was replaced by the popular former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Minister of Finance</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Gerrit Zalm</a>. After a few months, Zalm "pulled the plug" on the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkenende_cabinet" title="First Balkenende cabinet">First Balkenende cabinet</a>, after infighting between LPF ministers <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bomhoff" title="Eduard Bomhoff">Eduard Bomhoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herman_Heinsbroek" title="Herman Heinsbroek">Herman Heinsbroek</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GZalm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/GZalm.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Gerrit Zalm</a>, Leader from 2002 until 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_general_election" title="2003 Dutch general election">general election of 2003</a>, the VVD with <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Gerrit Zalm</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">lead candidate</a> gained four seats, making a total of twenty-eight. The party had expected to do much better, having adopted most of Fortuyn's proposals on immigration and integration. The VVD unwillingly entered the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">Second Balkenende cabinet</a> with Zalm returning as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Minister of Finance</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a>. On 2 September 2004, <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a>, a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Member of the House of Representatives</a>, left the party after a dispute with <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">parliamentary leader</a> Van Aartsen. He chose to continue as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> in the House of Representatives. On 27 November 2004 Zalm was succeeded as party leader by the parliamentary leader in the House<a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Jozias van Aartsen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006–2023:_Rutte"><span id="2006.E2.80.932023:_Rutte"></span>2006–2023: Rutte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2006–2023: Rutte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, the party lost a considerable number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_municipal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Dutch municipal election">municipal elections</a>, prompting parliamentary leader Van Aartsen to step down. <a href="/wiki/Willibrord_van_Beek" title="Willibrord van Beek">Willibrord van Beek</a> was subsequently appointed parliamentary leader <i>ad interim</i>. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2006_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_leadership_election" title="2006 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy leadership election">party leadership election</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> was elected as the leader, defeating <a href="/wiki/Rita_Verdonk" title="Rita Verdonk">Rita Verdonk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jelleke_Veenendaal" title="Jelleke Veenendaal">Jelleke Veenendaal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_general_election" title="2006 Dutch general election">general election of 2006</a> did not start off well for the VVD: Mark Rutte was criticised by his own <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary party">parliamentary party</a> for being invisible in the campaign, and he was unable to break the attention away from the duel between then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Jan Peter Balkenende</a> of the Christian democrats and <a href="/wiki/Wouter_Bos" title="Wouter Bos">Wouter Bos</a> of the Labour Party. However, the VVD's campaign started relatively late.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_general_election#Opinion_polls" title="2006 Dutch general election">election polls</a> showed losses for the VVD; the former VVD deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> blamed a poor VVD campaign for this, caused by the heavily contested VVD leadership run-off between Mark Rutte and Rita Verdonk earlier in the year. Verdonk had her eyes on the deputy-minister post, while cabinet posts are normally decided upon by the political leader of the VVD.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On election day, the party received enough votes for twenty-two seats, a loss of six seats. When the official election results were announced on Monday 27 November 2006, preferential votes became known as well, showing that Rita Verdonk, the second candidate on the list, had obtained more votes than the VVD's <a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">lead candidate</a>, Mark Rutte. Rutte had received 553,200 votes, while Verdonk had received 620,555.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led Verdonk to call for a party commission that would investigate the party leadership position, as a consequence of the situation of her obtaining more votes in the general election than Rutte, creating a short-lived crisis in the party.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crisis was averted when Rutte called for an ultimatum on his leadership, which Verdonk had to reconcile to, by rejecting her proposal for a party commission.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 2007, signs of VVD infighting continued to play in the media. In June 2007, the former VVD minister Dekker presented a report on the previous election, showing that the VVD lacked clear leadership roles, however the report did not single out individuals for blame for the party's losses.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Rutte,_23.03.23_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mark_Rutte%2C_23.03.23_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2471" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>, leader from 2006 until 2023 and Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 2010 until 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Verdonk renewed her criticism of the party in September 2007, she was expelled from the parliamentary faction, and subsequently relinquished her membership of the party, after reconciliation attempts had proven futile.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verdonk started her own political movement, <a href="/wiki/Proud_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Proud of the Netherlands">Proud of the Netherlands</a>, subsequently. In opinion polls held after Verdonk's exit, the VVD was set to lose close to ten parliamentary seats in the next election.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010 general election</a> the VVD became the largest party with 31 seats and was the senior party in a <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> minority <a href="/wiki/First_Rutte_cabinet" title="First Rutte cabinet">First Rutte cabinet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> supported by the <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> (PVV) of <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> to obtain a majority. Rutte was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 October 2010. Not only was it the first time that the VVD had led a government, but it was the first liberal-led government in 92 years. However, on 21 April 2012, after failed negotiations with the PVV on renewed budget cuts, the government became unstable and Mark Rutte deemed it likely that a new election would be held in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On election day, 12 September 2012, the VVD remained the largest party in parliament, winning 41 seats, a gain of 10 seats. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012 general election</a>, the VVD entered into a ruling coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> as its junior coalition partner. This coalition lasted a full term, but lost its majority at the <a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017 election</a>; the VVD itself lost eight seats, though remained the largest party with 33.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rutte became Prime Minister again, forming a centre-right green <a href="/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet" title="Third Rutte cabinet">cabinet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a>. In March 2021, VVD was the winner of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Netherlands_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Netherlands general election">general election</a>, securing 34 out of 150 seats. Prime Minister Mark Rutte, in power since 2010, formed his fourth VVD-led coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–present:_Yeşilgöz"><span id="2023.E2.80.93present:_Ye.C5.9Filg.C3.B6z"></span>2023–present: Yeşilgöz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2023–present: Yeşilgöz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius,_April_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg/220px-Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg/330px-Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg/440px-Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius%2C_April_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Dilan Yeşilgöz</a>, party leader since 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Rutte_cabinet" title="Fourth Rutte cabinet">Fourth Rutte cabinet</a> broke down due to disagreements over migration policy, a new election was called for 22 November 2023. Rutte announced that he would step down as leader of the VVD.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Dilan Yeşilgöz</a> became the new leader of the party in August 2023 after running unopposed in the leadership election.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023 general election</a>, the VVD was reduced to 24 seats in the House of Representatives. It entered <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="2023–2024 Dutch cabinet formation">formation talks</a> with the Party for Freedom, the election winner, and the new parties <a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a>, leading to the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Schoof cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_policies">Ideology and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ideology and policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The VVD is described as <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative-liberal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">liberal-conservative</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also described as <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberal</a><sup id="cite_ref-BenoitLaver2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenoitLaver2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by sources between 2006 and 2012. </p><p>The VVD describes itself as a party founded on a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the party is the most ardent supporter of '<a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free markets</a>' of all Dutch political parties, promoting political, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural liberalism</a>. In contrast to this, it has helped build the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> since 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1971, the party became more <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>, although some conservative liberal elements remain.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Manifesto">Liberal Manifesto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Liberal Manifesto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principles of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy were outlined in the "Liberal Manifesto" (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Liberaal Manifest</i>) and latterly the election programmes. The Liberal Manifesto was a general outlook on the direction of the party would like to mirror itself and is an extension of the party's foundational principles. The election programmes are more oriented to practical politics, for example, winning the elections on-the-day and by any means possible. The last Liberal Manifesto of the VVD was published in September 2005. It developed a broad outline around the themes of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security" title="Security">security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_freedom" title="Political freedom">freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>, along with a vision of the future of party's internal structure. Below some of the points from the Manifesto are presented:<sup id="cite_ref-Manifesto_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manifesto-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Democracy">Democracy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Manifesto calls for a directly elected <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a>, whereby voters could express their preference on the ballot.</li> <li>The idea of (advisory) <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendums</a> is not supported by the party.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayors</a> should be directly elected by the people.</li> <li>Commitment to the four freedoms of the <a href="/wiki/European_Single_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Single Market">European Single Market</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security">Security</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A common policy on defence and security in the European Union is called for.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freedom">Freedom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The principle of non-discrimination should be given more importance than the exercise of religion.</li> <li>"Social rights" are to be continued. These are not simply rights, but they also create obligations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a> is part of a person's right to self-determination.</li> <li>Commitment to an open economy, with a "regulated <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a>", including <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a>.</li> <li>Support for the freedom of contract. No right for workers to enter into nationally binding <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> agreements.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Minimise the option of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">dual citizenship</a>.</li> <li>Social security should only be fully open for Dutch nationals. Migrants would have to integrate in order to become citizens.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration">Migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The VVD has supported the <a href="/wiki/European_single_market#Four_Freedoms" title="European single market">free movement of goods and people</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_single_market" title="European single market">European single market</a>, and it has historically opposed limits to <a href="/wiki/Labor_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor migration">labor migration</a>. Since the early 2020s, the party has argued in favor of reducing the reliance of the Dutch economy on unskilled foreign labor.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_overview">Policy overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Policy overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li>Economy and Finance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_cut" title="Tax cut">Tax reductions</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">Balanced budget</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li>Government and Social Affairs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Minimise multiple citizenship</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Assimilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Assimilation">Cultural Assimilation</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">Sober care of refugees</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li>Foreign policy and Law <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing" title="Mandatory sentencing">Mandatory sentencing</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Anti-squatting</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Distinction between soft drugs and hard drugs</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <ul><li>Health <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">Universal health care</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Expansion of the euthanasia policy</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">Pro-choice</a><sup id="cite_ref-VVD_35-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">Lead candidate</a> </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Dutch_general_election" title="1948 Dutch general election">1948</a> </th> <td rowspan="4" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Pieter Oud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1948_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1948 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>391,908 </td> <td>7.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1952_Dutch_general_election" title="1952 Dutch general election">1952</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1952_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1952 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>470,820 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1956_Dutch_general_election" title="1956 Dutch general election">1956</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1956_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1956 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>502,325 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td><small><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></small><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1959_Dutch_general_election" title="1959 Dutch general election">1959</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1959_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1959 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>732,658 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Dutch_general_election" title="1963 Dutch general election">1963</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Edzo Toxopeus</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1963_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1963 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>643,839 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1967_Dutch_general_election" title="1967 Dutch general election">1967</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1967_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1967 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>738,202 </td> <td>10.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1971_Dutch_general_election" title="1971 Dutch general election">1971</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1971_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1971 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>653,092 </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Dutch_general_election" title="1972 Dutch general election">1972</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1972_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1972 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,068,375 </td> <td>14.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Dutch_general_election" title="1977 Dutch general election">1977</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1977_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1977 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,492,689 </td> <td>17.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_general_election" title="1981 Dutch general election">1981</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1981_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1981 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,504,293 </td> <td>17.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">26 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_general_election" title="1982 Dutch general election">1982</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Ed Nijpels</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1982_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1982 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,897,986 </td> <td>23.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">36 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Dutch_general_election" title="1986 Dutch general election">1986</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1986_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1986 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,595,377 </td> <td>17.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Dutch_general_election" title="1989 Dutch general election">1989</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Joris_Voorhoeve" title="Joris Voorhoeve">Joris Voorhoeve</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1989_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1989 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,295,402 </td> <td>14.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Dutch_general_election" title="1994 Dutch general election">1994</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1994_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1994 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,792,401 </td> <td>20.0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1998_Dutch_general_election" title="1998 Dutch general election">1998</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1998_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1998 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>2,124,971 </td> <td>24.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Dutch_general_election" title="2002 Dutch general election">2002</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dijkstal" title="Hans Dijkstal">Hans Dijkstal</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2002_Dutch_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2002 Dutch general election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td>1,466,722 </td> <td>15.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_general_election" title="2003 Dutch general election">2003</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Gerrit Zalm</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2003_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2003 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,728,707 </td> <td>17.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Dutch_general_election" title="2006 Dutch general election">2006</a> </th> <td rowspan="5" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2006_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,443,312 </td> <td>14.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_general_election" title="2010 Dutch general election">2010</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2010_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2010 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,929,575 </td> <td>20.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/First_Rutte_cabinet" title="First Rutte cabinet">Coalition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Dutch_general_election" title="2012 Dutch general election">2012</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2012_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2012 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>2,504,948 </td> <td>26.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">41 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Second_Rutte_cabinet" title="Second Rutte cabinet">Coalition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2017_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2017 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>2,238,351 </td> <td>21.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet" title="Third Rutte cabinet">Coalition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2021_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>2,276,514 </td> <td>21.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Rutte_cabinet" title="Fourth Rutte cabinet">Coalition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Dilan Yeşilgöz</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2023_Dutch_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2023 Dutch general election">List</a> </td> <td>1,589,519 </td> <td>15.24 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Coalition</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Schippers_2015_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg/220px-Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg/330px-Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg/440px-Edith_Schippers_2015_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Edith Schippers</a>, leader in the Senate since 2023</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <th>1948 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1948_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1948 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th>1951 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1951_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1951 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1952 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1952_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1952 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1955 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1955_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1955 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Apr 1956 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_April_1956_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the April 1956 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Oct 1956 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_October_1956_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the October 1956 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1960 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1960_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1960 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1963 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1963_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1963 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1966 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1966_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1966 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1969 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1969_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1969 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1971 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1971_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1971 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1974 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1974_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1974 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1977 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1977_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1977 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1980 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1980_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1980 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1981 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1981_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1981 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1983 </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guus_Zoutendijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guus Zoutendijk (page does not exist)">Guus Zoutendijk</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1983_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1983 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1986 </th> <td> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1986_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1986 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1987 </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/David_Luteijn" title="David Luteijn">David Luteijn</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1987_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1987 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1991 </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1991_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1991 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1995 </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Frits_Korthals_Altes" title="Frits Korthals Altes">Frits Korthals Altes</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1995_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1995 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1999 </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicoline_van_den_Broek-Laman_Trip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicoline van den Broek-Laman Trip (page does not exist)">Nicoline van den Broek-Laman Trip</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_1999_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 1999 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>39,809 </td> <td>25,3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2003 Dutch Senate election">2003</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2003_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2003 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>31,026 </td> <td>19,2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2007 Dutch Senate election">2007</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Uri_Rosenthal" title="Uri Rosenthal">Uri Rosenthal</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2007_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2007 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">List</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>31,360 </td> <td>19,2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2011 Dutch Senate election">2011</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Loek_Hermans" title="Loek Hermans">Loek Hermans</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2011_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2011 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td>111 </td> <td>34,590 </td> <td>20.83 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2015 Dutch Senate election">2015</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2015_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2015 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td>90 </td> <td>28,523 </td> <td>16.87 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2019 Dutch Senate election">2019</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Jorritsma" title="Annemarie Jorritsma">Annemarie Jorritsma</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2019_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2019 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td>78 </td> <td>26,157 </td> <td>15.11 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2023 Dutch Senate election">2023</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Edith Schippers</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2023_Dutch_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy candidates in the 2023 Dutch Senate election">List</a> </td> <td>67 </td> <td>22,194 </td> <td>12.40 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 75</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malik_Azmani,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Malik_Azmani%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malik_Azmani" title="Malik Azmani">Malik Azmani</a>, leader in the European Parliament since 2019</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>List </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1979</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>914,787 </td> <td>16.14 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">LD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1984</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>1,002,685 </td> <td>18.93 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">LDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1989</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>714,745 </td> <td>13.63 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD/European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>740,443 </td> <td>17.91 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">ELDR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>698,050 </td> <td>19.69 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>629,198 </td> <td>13.20 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD_-_European_Liberal-Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">518,643 </td> <td rowspan="2">11.39 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>571,176 </td> <td>12.02 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">805,100 </td> <td rowspan="2">14.64 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">RE</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 29</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0D1E70; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands#VVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">List</a> </td> <td>707,141 </td> <td>11.35 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0A2CCA; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation">Representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Schoof cabinet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_States_General">Members of the States General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Members of the States General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives">Members of the House of Representatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Members of the House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands_for_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands for People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_the_Senate">Members of the Senate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Members of the Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation_in_EU_institutions">Representation in EU institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Representation in EU institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2024–2029">List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2024–2029</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="European Committee of the Regions">European Committee of the Regions</a>, VVD sits in the <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe_in_the_European_Committee_of_the_Regions" title="Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions">Renew Europe CoR Group</a>, with one full and two alternate members for the 2020-2025 mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martijn van Gruijthuijsen is Coordinator in the ECON Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electorate">Electorate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Electorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the VVD electorate consisted mainly of <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> <a href="/wiki/Middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class">middle-class</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Upper-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper-class">upper-class</a> voters, with a strong support from entrepreneurs. Under the leadership of Wiegel, the VVD started to expand its appeal to <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> voters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leaders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Senate</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthonie_Nicolaas_Molenaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthonie Nicolaas Molenaar (page does not exist)">Anthonie Nicolaas Molenaar</a> <small>(24 January 1948 – 21 November 1958)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_van_Riel" title="Harm van Riel">Harm van Riel</a> <small>(23 December 1958 – 3 June 1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_van_Someren" title="Haya van Someren">Haya van Someren</a> <small>(3 June 1976 – 12 November 1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guus_Zoutendijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guus Zoutendijk (page does not exist)">Guus Zoutendijk</a> <small>(25 November 1980 – 23 June 1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Luteijn" title="David Luteijn">David Luteijn</a> <small>(23 June 1987 – 13 June 1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Korthals_Altes" title="Frits Korthals Altes">Frits Korthals Altes</a> <small>(13 June 1995 – 11 March 1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leendert_Ginjaar" title="Leendert Ginjaar">Leendert Ginjaar</a> <small>(11 March 1997 – 14 September 1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicoline_van_den_Broek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicoline van den Broek (page does not exist)">Nicoline van den Broek</a> <small>(14 September 1999 – 1 May 2005)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Rosenthal" title="Uri Rosenthal">Uri Rosenthal</a> <small>(1 May 2005 – 14 October 2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_de_Graaf" title="Fred de Graaf">Fred de Graaf</a> <small>(14 October 2010 – 22 February 2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loek_Hermans" title="Loek Hermans">Loek Hermans</a> <small>(22 February 2011 – 3 November 2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmi_Huijbregts-Schiedon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmi Huijbregts-Schiedon (page does not exist)">Helmi Huijbregts-Schiedon</a> <small>(3 November 2015 – 24 November 2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Jorritsma" title="Annemarie Jorritsma">Annemarie Jorritsma</a> <small>(24 November 2015 – 13 June 2023)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Edith Schippers</a> <small>(since 13 June 2023)</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leaders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Pieter Oud</a> <small>(27 July 1948 – 16 May 1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roelof_Zegering_Hadders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roelof Zegering Hadders (page does not exist)">Roelof Zegering Hadders</a> <small>(16 May 1963 – 2 July 1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Edzo Toxopeus</a> <small>(2 July 1963 – 24 July 1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> <small>(24 July 1963 – 12 March 1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Edzo Toxopeus</a> <small>(12 March 1966 – 1 October 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Molly Geertsema</a> <small>(1 October 1969 – 6 July 1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> <small>(6 July 1971 – 19 December 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Rietkerk" title="Koos Rietkerk">Koos Rietkerk</a> <small>(19 December 1977 – 25 Augustus 1981)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Hans Wiegel</a> <small>(25 Augustus 1981 – 20 April 1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Ed Nijpels</a> <small>(20 April 1982 – 9 July 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Voorhoeve" title="Joris Voorhoeve">Joris Voorhoeve</a> <small>(9 July 1986 – 30 April 1990)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Frits Bolkestein</a> <small>(30 April 1990 – 30 July 1998)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dijkstal" title="Hans Dijkstal">Hans Dijkstal</a> <small>(30 July 1998 – 23 May 2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Gerrit Zalm</a> <small>(23 May 2002 – 27 May 2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Jozias van Aartsen</a> <small>(27 May 2003 – 8 March 2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibrord_van_Beek" title="Willibrord van Beek">Willibrord van Beek</a> <small>(8 March 2006 – 29 June 2006)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> <small>(29 June 2006 – 8 October 2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stef_Blok" title="Stef Blok">Stef Blok</a> <small>(8 October 2010 – 20 September 2012)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> <small>(20 September 2012 – 1 November 2012)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbe_Zijlstra" title="Halbe Zijlstra">Halbe Zijlstra</a> <small>(1 November 2012 – 23 March 2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> <small> (23 March 2017 – 13 October 2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbe_Zijlstra" title="Halbe Zijlstra">Halbe Zijlstra</a> <small>(13 October 2017 – 25 October 2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaas_Dijkhoff" title="Klaas Dijkhoff">Klaas Dijkhoff</a> <small>(25 October 2017 – 31 March 2021)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> <small>(31 March 2021 – 10 January 2022)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Sophie Hermans</a> <small>(11 January 2022 – 9 December 2023)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z-Zegerius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius">Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius</a> <small>(since 9 December 2023)</small></li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisational_structure">Organisational structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Organisational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The highest organ of the VVD is the General Assembly, in which all members present have a single vote. It convenes usually twice every year. It appoints the party board and decides on the party programme. </p><p>The order of the First Chamber, Second Chamber and European Parliament candidates list is decided by a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> under all members voting by internet, phone or mail. If contested, the <a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">lead candidate</a> of a candidates lists is appointed in a separate referendum in advance. Since 2002 the General Assembly can call for a referendum on other subjects too. </p><p>About 90 members elected by the members in meetings of the regional branches form the Party Council, which advises the Party Board in the months that the General Assembly does not convene. This is an important forum within the party. The party board handles the daily affairs of the party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linked_organisations">Linked organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Linked organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The independent youth organisation that has a partnership agreement with the VVD is the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Organisation_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy">Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Jongeren Organisatie Vrijheid en Democratie</i>, JOVD), which is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Youth_Movement_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Youth Movement of the European Union">Liberal Youth Movement of the European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Liberal_and_Radical_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth">International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth</a>. </p><p>The education institute of the VVD is the <i>Haya van Someren Foundation</i>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telders_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telders Foundation (page does not exist)">Telders Foundation</a> is the party's scientific institute and publishes the magazine <i>Liberaal Reveil</i> every two months. The party published the magazine <i>Liber</i> bi-monthly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organisations">International organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The VVD is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a>. </p><p>The VVD participates in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Multiparty_Democracy" title="Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy">Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy</a>, a democracy assistance organisation of seven Dutch political parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span></span><span 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rug.nl/research/dnpp/themas/ledentallen/ledental-2024">"Ledentallen Nederlandse politieke partijen per 1 januari 2024"</a> [Membership of Dutch political parties as of 1 January 2024]. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a></i> (in Dutch). Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties. 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Groningen&rft.atitle=Ledentallen+Nederlandse+politieke+partijen+per+1+januari+2024&rft.date=2024-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rug.nl%2Fresearch%2Fdnpp%2Fthemas%2Fledentallen%2Fledental-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/netherlands-general-election-2021-mark-rutte-polls/amp/">"Mark Rutte: The Netherlands' Mr. Normal"</a>. 16 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109154227/https://www.politico.eu/article/netherlands-general-election-2021-mark-rutte-polls/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mark+Rutte%3A+The+Netherlands%27+Mr.+Normal&rft.date=2021-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fnetherlands-general-election-2021-mark-rutte-polls%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Keman2008" class="citation cs2">Hans Keman (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18aSGqADApUC&pg=PA221">"The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies"</a>, <i>Comparative European Politics</i>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, p. 221, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203946091" title="Special:BookSources/9780203946091"><bdi>9780203946091</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103150849/https://books.google.com/books?id=18aSGqADApUC&pg=PA221">archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+European+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Low+Countries%3A+Confrontation+and+Coalition+in+Segmented+Societies&rft.pages=221&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780203946091&rft.au=Hans+Keman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18aSGqADApUC%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_LuskNick_Birks2014" class="citation book cs1">Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1IdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>Rethinking Public Strategy</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-37758-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-37758-6"><bdi>978-1-137-37758-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200103130300/https://books.google.com/books?id=w1IdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Public+Strategy&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-37758-6&rft.au=Sean+Lusk&rft.au=Nick+Birks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1IdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beneluxparl.eu/nl/politieke-fracties/">"Politieke fracties"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Benelux_Parliament" title="Benelux Parliament">Benelux Parliament</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Benelux+Parliament&rft.atitle=Politieke+fracties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beneluxparl.eu%2Fnl%2Fpolitieke-fracties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Banchoff1999" class="citation book cs1">T. Banchoff (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA123"><i>Legitimacy and the European Union</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18188-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18188-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226033235/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgvLEFPY8l4C&pg=PA123">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+and+the+European+Union&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18188-4&rft.au=T.+Banchoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgvLEFPY8l4C%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andeweg R.B. and G.A. Irwin, <i>Government & Politics in the Netherlands</i> (2002), Palgrave, p. 48</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDocumentatiecentrum_Nederlandse_politieke_partijen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse politieke partijen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vvd-digitaal.dnpp.nl/perioden/1948/geschiedenis">"Geschiedenis 1948"</a> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschiedenis+1948&rft.au=Documentatiecentrum+Nederlandse+politieke+partijen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvvd-digitaal.dnpp.nl%2Fperioden%2F1948%2Fgeschiedenis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vjb7m26w4huj/kabinetsformatie_1956">"Kabinetsformatie 1956"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kabinetsformatie+1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvjb7m26w4huj%2Fkabinetsformatie_1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2006/06/01/rutte-nieuwe-lijsttrekker-vvd-11137675-a320360">"Mark Rutte nieuwe lijsttrekker VVD"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_Handelsblad" class="mw-redirect" title="NRC Handelsblad">NRC Handelsblad</a></i> (in Dutch). 31 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC+Handelsblad&rft.atitle=Mark+Rutte+nieuwe+lijsttrekker+VVD&rft.date=2006-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2006%2F06%2F01%2Frutte-nieuwe-lijsttrekker-vvd-11137675-a320360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070529085929/http://www.nos.nl/nosjournaal/artikelen/2006/11/4/0041106_ruttetoespraak.html">"Rutte: "Het karwei begint nu pas"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NOS_Nieuws" class="mw-redirect" title="NOS Nieuws">NOS Nieuws</a>. 4 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nos.nl/nosjournaal/artikelen/2006/11/4/0041106_ruttetoespraak.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rutte%3A+%22Het+karwei+begint+nu+pas%22&rft.pub=NOS+Nieuws&rft.date=2006-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nos.nl%2Fnosjournaal%2Fartikelen%2F2006%2F11%2F4%2F0041106_ruttetoespraak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/laatstenieuws/laatstenieuws/article543569.ece/Wiegel_leest_Rutte_en_Verdonk_de_les">"Wiegel leest Rutte en Verdonk de les"</a>. <i>trouw.nl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trouw.nl&rft.atitle=Wiegel+leest+Rutte+en+Verdonk+de+les&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trouw.nl%2Flaatstenieuws%2Flaatstenieuws%2Farticle543569.ece%2FWiegel_leest_Rutte_en_Verdonk_de_les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208090557/http://www.kiesraad.nl/nieuwsberichten/uitslag_van_de">"Kiesraad.nl - Uitslag van de Tweede Kamerverkiezing van 22 november 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiesraad.nl/nieuwsberichten/uitslag_van_de">the original</a> on 8 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiesraad.nl+-+Uitslag+van+de+Tweede+Kamerverkiezing+van+22+november+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiesraad.nl%2Fnieuwsberichten%2Fuitslag_van_de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210204/http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/asp/artnr/128189/zoeken/ja/index.html">"Verdonk wil onderzoek naar leiderschap VVD"</a> (in Dutch). Elsevier. 28 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/asp/artnr/128189/zoeken/ja/index.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Verdonk+wil+onderzoek+naar+leiderschap+VVD&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fpolitiek%2Fartikel%2Fasp%2Fartnr%2F128189%2Fzoeken%2Fja%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221656/http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/asp/artnr/128261/zoeken/ja/index.html">"Verdonk haalt bakzeil over leiderschap VVD"</a> (in Dutch). Elsevier. 29 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/asp/artnr/128261/zoeken/ja/index.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Verdonk+haalt+bakzeil+over+leiderschap+VVD&rft.date=2006-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fpolitiek%2Fartikel%2Fasp%2Fartnr%2F128261%2Fzoeken%2Fja%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=1&story_id=40846">"Rutte pleased with committee report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Expatica" title="Expatica">Expatica</a>. 13 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115156/http://www.expatica.com/actual/article.asp?subchannel_id=1&story_id=40846">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rutte+pleased+with+committee+report&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Factual%2Farticle.asp%3Fsubchannel_id%3D1%26story_id%3D40846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/dut070913verdonkmc">"Ex-minister Verdonk expelled from parliamentary party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Netherlands">Radio Netherlands</a>. 13 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311200136/http://www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/dut070913verdonkmc">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-minister+Verdonk+expelled+from+parliamentary+party&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlands.nl%2Fcurrentaffairs%2Fdut070913verdonkmc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016181601/http://www.nu.nl/news/1274899/11/Verdonk_zegt_lidmaatschap_VVD_op.html">"Verdonk zegt lidmaatschap VVD op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nu.nl" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu.nl">Nu.nl</a>. 15 October 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nieuw+Haags+Peil+van+21+oktober+2007&rft.pub=Peil.nl&rft.date=2007-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peil.nl%2F%3F2369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/9/115974">"Dutch government unravels over Brussels budget rules"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dutch+government+unravels+over+Brussels+budget+rules&rft.date=2012-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F115974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiesraad2017" class="citation web cs1">Kiesraad (21 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiesraad.nl/adviezen-en-publicaties/rapporten/2017/3/kerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017/kerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017">"Kerngegevens Tweede Kamerverkiezing 2017"</a>. <i>www.kiesraad.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015128/https://www.kiesraad.nl/adviezen-en-publicaties/rapporten/2017/3/kerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017/kerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kiesraad.nl&rft.atitle=Kerngegevens+Tweede+Kamerverkiezing+2017&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft.au=Kiesraad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiesraad.nl%2Fadviezen-en-publicaties%2Frapporten%2F2017%2F3%2Fkerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017%2Fkerngegevens-tweede-kamerverkiezing-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56436297">"Dutch election: PM Mark Rutte claims victory and fourth term"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 18 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202305/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56436297">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dutch+election%3A+PM+Mark+Rutte+claims+victory+and+fourth+term&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-56436297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13942/artikel/2482242-rutte-stopt-als-partijleider-vvd-en-kondigt-vertrek-aan-uit-politiek">"Rutte stopt als partijleider VVD en kondigt vertrek aan uit politiek"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 10 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=Rutte+stopt+als+partijleider+VVD+en+kondigt+vertrek+aan+uit+politiek&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13942%2Fartikel%2F2482242-rutte-stopt-als-partijleider-vvd-en-kondigt-vertrek-aan-uit-politiek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13944/artikel/2486589-dilan-yesilgoz-officieel-lijsttrekker-voor-de-vvd-geen-tegenkandidaten">"Dilan Yesilgöz officieel lijsttrekker voor de VVD, geen tegenkandidaten"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 14 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=Dilan+Yesilg%C3%B6z+officieel+lijsttrekker+voor+de+VVD%2C+geen+tegenkandidaten&rft.date=2023-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13944%2Fartikel%2F2486589-dilan-yesilgoz-officieel-lijsttrekker-voor-de-vvd-geen-tegenkandidaten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_KoningValk2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Koning, Petra; Valk, Guus (25 May 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/05/25/weinig-blijdschap-veel-bange-stilte-in-de-vvd-a4199952">"Weinig blijdschap, veel bange stilte in de VVD"</a></span> [Not much joy, lots of anxious silence within the VVD]. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Weinig+blijdschap%2C+veel+bange+stilte+in+de+VVD&rft.date=2024-05-25&rft.aulast=De+Koning&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.au=Valk%2C+Guus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F05%2F25%2Fweinig-blijdschap-veel-bange-stilte-in-de-vvd-a4199952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_DeLangeTom_LouwersePaul_‘ThartCarolien_Van_Ham2024" class="citation book cs1">Sarah DeLange; Tom Louwerse; Paul ‘Thart; Carolien Van Ham, eds. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H28lEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA439"><i>The Oxford Handbook off Dutch Politics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198875512" title="Special:BookSources/9780198875512"><bdi>9780198875512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+off+Dutch+Politics&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780198875512&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH28lEQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_H._Weir2024" class="citation book cs1">Todd H. Weir (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTTpEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">"Heritage Discourse and Religious Change in Contemporary Europe"</a>. In Todd H. Weir; Lieke Wijnia (eds.). <i>The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Heritage in Contemporary</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350251380" title="Special:BookSources/9781350251380"><bdi>9781350251380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Heritage+Discourse+and+Religious+Change+in+Contemporary+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Handbook+of+Religion+and+Heritage+in+Contemporary&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781350251380&rft.au=Todd+H.+Weir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVTTpEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetia_KostadonivaRobert_Thomson2024" class="citation book cs1">Petia Kostadoniva; Robert Thomson (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GvPzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155">"Parties in Government"</a>. In Neil Robinson; Rory Costello (eds.). <i>Comparative European Politics: Distinctive Democracies, Common Challenges</i> (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192866448" title="Special:BookSources/9780192866448"><bdi>9780192866448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Parties+in+Government&rft.btitle=Comparative+European+Politics%3A+Distinctive+Democracies%2C+Common+Challenges&rft.pages=115&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780192866448&rft.au=Petia+Kostadoniva&rft.au=Robert+Thomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGvPzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillem_BotermanWouter_van_Gent2023" class="citation book cs1">Willem Boterman; Wouter van Gent (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cOdEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>Making the Middle-class City: The Politics of Gentrifying Amsterdam</i></a>. Springer Nature. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137554932" title="Special:BookSources/9781137554932"><bdi>9781137554932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+Middle-class+City%3A+The+Politics+of+Gentrifying+Amsterdam&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781137554932&rft.au=Willem+Boterman&rft.au=Wouter+van+Gent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3cOdEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudy_W_AndewegLieven_De_WinterPatrick_Dumont2011" class="citation book cs1">Rudy W Andeweg; Lieven De Winter; Patrick Dumont (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cc3rUuZ6jG0C&pg=PA147"><i>Government Formation</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-23972-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-23972-6"><bdi>978-1-134-23972-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525133711/http://books.google.com/books?id=cc3rUuZ6jG0C&pg=PA147">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+Formation&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-134-23972-6&rft.au=Rudy+W+Andeweg&rft.au=Lieven+De+Winter&rft.au=Patrick+Dumont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcc3rUuZ6jG0C%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Sharpe2021" class="citation book cs1">Michael Sharpe (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jrIWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT209">"The Parallels and Paradoxes of Postcolonial Sovereignty Games in the Dutch and French Caribbean: The End of the Netherlands Antilles and the Construction of New Dutch Caribbean Political Entities and Relations"</a>. In H. Adlai Murdoch (ed.). <i>The Struggle of Non-Sovereign Caribbean Territories: Neoliberalism since the French Antillean Uprisings of 2009</i>. Rutgers University Press. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781978815742" title="Special:BookSources/9781978815742"><bdi>9781978815742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Parallels+and+Paradoxes+of+Postcolonial+Sovereignty+Games+in+the+Dutch+and+French+Caribbean%3A+The+End+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles+and+the+Construction+of+New+Dutch+Caribbean+Political+Entities+and+Relations&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+of+Non-Sovereign+Caribbean+Territories%3A+Neoliberalism+since+the+French+Antillean+Uprisings+of+2009&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781978815742&rft.au=Michael+Sharpe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjrIWEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaskia_Hollander2019" class="citation book cs1">Saskia Hollander (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQGQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA234"><i>The Politics of Referendum Use in European Democracies</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783030041977" title="Special:BookSources/9783030041977"><bdi>9783030041977</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Referendum+Use+in+European+Democracies&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9783030041977&rft.au=Saskia+Hollander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQGQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyhan_Kaya2020" class="citation book cs1">Ayhan Kaya (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMyxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT172"><i>Populism and Heritage in Europe: Lost in Diversity and Unity</i></a>. Routledge. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429855436" title="Special:BookSources/9780429855436"><bdi>9780429855436</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Populism+and+Heritage+in+Europe%3A+Lost+in+Diversity+and+Unity&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780429855436&rft.au=Ayhan+Kaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMyxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcel_Hoogenboom2018" class="citation book cs1">Marcel Hoogenboom (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ztFMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA156">"The Netherlands and the crisis: from activation to 'deficiency compensation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Policy Press, University of Bristol. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781447335863" title="Special:BookSources/9781447335863"><bdi>9781447335863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Netherlands+and+the+crisis%3A+from+activation+to+%E2%80%98deficiency+compensation%E2%80%99&rft.btitle=Labour+Market+Policies+in+the+Era+of+Pervasive+Austerity%3A+A+European+Perspective&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Policy+Press%2C+University+of+Bristol&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781447335863&rft.au=Marcel+Hoogenboom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DztFMDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJochen_ClasenDaniel_Clegg2011" class="citation book cs1">Jochen Clasen; Daniel Clegg (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dLAooCYXeVgC&pg=PA76"><i>Regulating the Risk of Unemployment: National Adaptations to Post-Industrial Labour Markets in Europe</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959229-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959229-6"><bdi>978-0-19-959229-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105033559/http://books.google.com/books?id=dLAooCYXeVgC&pg=PA76">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulating+the+Risk+of+Unemployment%3A+National+Adaptations+to+Post-Industrial+Labour+Markets+in+Europe&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959229-6&rft.au=Jochen+Clasen&rft.au=Daniel+Clegg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdLAooCYXeVgC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Broughton1999" class="citation book cs1">David Broughton (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA178"><i>Changing Party Systems in Western Europe</i></a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85567-328-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85567-328-1"><bdi>978-1-85567-328-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105033614/http://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA178">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Party+Systems+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85567-328-1&rft.au=David+Broughton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNkDNoNiBEjUC%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_PoguntkePaul_Webb2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Poguntke; Paul Webb (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IJ5cCm9aVoEC&pg=PA158"><i>The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921849-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921849-3"><bdi>978-0-19-921849-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103142557/http://books.google.com/books?id=IJ5cCm9aVoEC&pg=PA158">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidentialization+of+Politics%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Modern+Democracies&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-921849-3&rft.au=Thomas+Poguntke&rft.au=Paul+Webb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIJ5cCm9aVoEC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArco_TimmermansEdwin_van_RooyenGerrit_Voerman2014" class="citation book cs1">Arco Timmermans; Edwin van Rooyen; Gerrit Voerman (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s6GkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189">"Policy analysis and political party think tanks"</a>. In Frans van Nispen; Peter Scholten (eds.). <i>Policy analysis in the Netherlands</i>. Policy Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-1333-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-1333-5"><bdi>978-1-4473-1333-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619034736/https://books.google.com/books?id=s6GkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Policy+analysis+and+political+party+think+tanks&rft.btitle=Policy+analysis+in+the+Netherlands&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4473-1333-5&rft.au=Arco+Timmermans&rft.au=Edwin+van+Rooyen&rft.au=Gerrit+Voerman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds6GkBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiubomir_K._Topaloff2012" class="citation book cs1">Liubomir K. Topaloff (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPPZMBzaRGwC&pg=PA21"><i>Political Parties and Euroscepticism</i></a>. Springer. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00968-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00968-5"><bdi>978-1-137-00968-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+Euroscepticism&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-137-00968-5&rft.au=Liubomir+K.+Topaloff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPPZMBzaRGwC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_M._Magone2017" class="citation book cs1">José M. Magone (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nzIlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112"><i>The Statecraft of Consensus Democracies in a Turbulent World: A Comparative Study of Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-40785-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-40785-2"><bdi>978-1-315-40785-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907154957/https://books.google.com/books?id=nzIlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statecraft+of+Consensus+Democracies+in+a+Turbulent+World%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Austria%2C+Belgium%2C+Luxembourg%2C+the+Netherlands+and+Switzerland&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-315-40785-2&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+M.+Magone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnzIlDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaartMoens2023" class="citation news cs1">Schaart, Eline; Moens, Barbara (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/dutch-on-brink-of-electing-first-woman-dilan-yesilgoz-pm-netherlands-elections/">"Dutch on brink of electing first female leader"</a>. <i>Politico Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico+Europe&rft.atitle=Dutch+on+brink+of+electing+first+female+leader&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Schaart&rft.aufirst=Eline&rft.au=Moens%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fdutch-on-brink-of-electing-first-woman-dilan-yesilgoz-pm-netherlands-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiels_SpieringsMarcel_LubbersAndrej_Zaslove2019" class="citation book cs1">Niels Spierings; Marcel Lubbers; Andrej Zaslove (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nureDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100">"Sexually modern nativist voters: do they exist, and do they vote for the populist radical right?"</a>. In Cynthia Miller-Idriss; Hilary Pilkington (eds.). <i>Gender and the Radical and Extreme Right: Mechanisms of Transmission and the Role of Educational Interventions</i>. Routledge. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429812699" title="Special:BookSources/9780429812699"><bdi>9780429812699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexually+modern+nativist+voters%3A+do+they+exist%2C+and+do+they+vote+for+the+populist+radical+right%3F&rft.btitle=Gender+and+the+Radical+and+Extreme+Right%3A+Mechanisms+of+Transmission+and+the+Role+of+Educational+Interventions&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780429812699&rft.au=Niels+Spierings&rft.au=Marcel+Lubbers&rft.au=Andrej+Zaslove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnureDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuyvendak2022" class="citation book cs1">Duyvendak, Jan (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L6CTEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+VVD%22&pg=PA77"><i>The Return of the Native Can Liberalism Safeguard Us Against Nativism?</i></a>. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197663035" title="Special:BookSources/9780197663035"><bdi>9780197663035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+Native+Can+Liberalism+Safeguard+Us+Against+Nativism%3F&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197663035&rft.aulast=Duyvendak&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL6CTEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BVVD%2522%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield2021" class="citation news cs1">Waterfield, Bruno (16 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mark-rutte-heading-for-fourth-term-as-dutch-prime-minister-vh5gxnvmt">"Mark Rutte heading for fourth term as Dutch prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211216101416/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mark-rutte-heading-for-fourth-term-as-dutch-prime-minister-vh5gxnvmt">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Mark+Rutte+heading+for+fourth+term+as+Dutch+prime+minister&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft.aulast=Waterfield&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmark-rutte-heading-for-fourth-term-as-dutch-prime-minister-vh5gxnvmt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/dutch-justice-minister-yesilgoz-seeks-lead-outgoing-pm-ruttes-party-2023-07-12/">"Dutch Justice Minister Yeşilgöz seeks to lead outgoing PM Rutte's party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 12 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Dutch+Justice+Minister+Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z+seeks+to+lead+outgoing+PM+Rutte%27s+party&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdutch-justice-minister-yesilgoz-seeks-lead-outgoing-pm-ruttes-party-2023-07-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/01/uk-netherlands-government">"Dutch parties including PM Rutte's conservatives agree to coalition talks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></i>. 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Dutch+parties+including+PM+Rutte%27s+conservatives+agree+to+coalition+talks&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2021%2F10%2F01%2Fuk-netherlands-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLochocki2017" class="citation book cs1">Lochocki, Timo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8aMxDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+VVD%22&pg=PA77"><i>The Rise of Populism in Western Europe A Media Analysis on Failed Political Messaging</i></a>. Germany: Springer International Publishing. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319628554" title="Special:BookSources/9783319628554"><bdi>9783319628554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Populism+in+Western+Europe+A+Media+Analysis+on+Failed+Political+Messaging&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319628554&rft.aulast=Lochocki&rft.aufirst=Timo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8aMxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BVVD%2522%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoning2019" class="citation book cs1">Koning, Edward (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M5iRDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+VVD%22&pg=PA204"><i>Immigration and the Politics of Welfare Exclusion Selective Solidarity in Western Democracies</i></a>. United Kingdom: University of Toronto Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781487523428" title="Special:BookSources/9781487523428"><bdi>9781487523428</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+the+Politics+of+Welfare+Exclusion+Selective+Solidarity+in+Western+Democracies&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781487523428&rft.aulast=Koning&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM5iRDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BVVD%2522%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorieson2021" class="citation book cs1">Morieson, Nicholas (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LGoiEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+People%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy%22&pg=PR24"><i>Religion and the Populist Radical Right: Secular Christianism and Populism in Western Europe [PDF]</i></a>. United States: Vernon Art and Science Incorporated. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781648892172" title="Special:BookSources/9781648892172"><bdi>9781648892172</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+Populist+Radical+Right%3A+Secular+Christianism+and+Populism+in+Western+Europe+%5BPDF%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Vernon+Art+and+Science+Incorporated&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781648892172&rft.aulast=Morieson&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLGoiEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BPeople%2527s%2BParty%2Bfor%2BFreedom%2Band%2BDemocracy%2522%26pg%3DPR24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dVB-EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+VVD%22&pg=PT364"><i>Controlling Immigration A Comparative Perspective, Fourth Edition</i></a>. United States: Stanford University Press. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781503631670" title="Special:BookSources/9781503631670"><bdi>9781503631670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Controlling+Immigration+A+Comparative+Perspective%2C+Fourth+Edition&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781503631670&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVB-EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BVVD%2522%26pg%3DPT364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalonenHerkman2023" class="citation book cs1">Palonen, Emilia; Herkman, Juha (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VDz-EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22conservative+VVD%22&pg=PA42"><i>Populism, Twitter and the European Public Sphere Social Media Communication in the EP Elections 2019</i></a>. Germany: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783031417375" title="Special:BookSources/9783031417375"><bdi>9783031417375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Populism%2C+Twitter+and+the+European+Public+Sphere+Social+Media+Communication+in+the+EP+Elections+2019&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9783031417375&rft.aulast=Palonen&rft.aufirst=Emilia&rft.au=Herkman%2C+Juha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVDz-EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522conservative%2BVVD%2522%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-BenoitLaver2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BenoitLaver2006_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_BenoitMichael_Laver2006" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Benoit; Michael Laver (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rPlx1L2MY7YC&pg=PA112"><i>Party Policy in Modern Democracies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134206186" title="Special:BookSources/1134206186"><bdi>1134206186</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407103438/https://books.google.com/books?id=rPlx1L2MY7YC&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Policy+in+Modern+Democracies&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1134206186&rft.au=Kenneth+Benoit&rft.au=Michael+Laver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrPlx1L2MY7YC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/6/29/dutch-minister-wins-confidence-vote">"Dutch minister wins confidence vote"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera English</i>. 29 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Dutch+minister+wins+confidence+vote&rft.date=2006-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F6%2F29%2Fdutch-minister-wins-confidence-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2006" class="citation news cs1">Sterling, Toby (18 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/18/mainsection.international1">"Dutch forced to rethink decision on Somali-born MP"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Amsterdam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dutch+forced+to+rethink+decision+on+Somali-born+MP&rft.date=2006-05-18&rft.aulast=Sterling&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fmay%2F18%2Fmainsection.international1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-30265715.html">"Dutch government stands down"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. 30 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Dutch+government+stands+down&rft.date=2006-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fworld%2Farid-30265715.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2012" class="citation news cs1">Sterling, Toby (31 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/news/dutch-populist-leader-takes-aim-144642841.html">"Dutch populist leader takes aim at EU and flops"</a>. <i>Associated Press (via Yahoo! News)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+%28via+Yahoo%21+News%29&rft.atitle=Dutch+populist+leader+takes+aim+at+EU+and+flops&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft.aulast=Sterling&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fdutch-populist-leader-takes-aim-144642841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vvd.nl/over-de-vvd/detail/17/liberale-beginselen">"VVD's Official page - Liberale Beginselen"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823185000/http://www.vvd.nl/over-de-vvd/detail/17/liberale-beginselen">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VVD%27s+Official+page+-+Liberale+Beginselen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvd.nl%2Fover-de-vvd%2Fdetail%2F17%2Fliberale-beginselen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npokennis.nl/longread/7508/wat-is-de-vvd">"Wat is de VVD?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wat+is+de+VVD%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpokennis.nl%2Flongread%2F7508%2Fwat-is-de-vvd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andeweg R.B. and G.A. Irwin, <i>Government & Politics in the Netherlands</i> (2002), Palgrave, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manifesto-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manifesto_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnpprepo.ub.rug.nl/9900/1/lib-manif05.pdf">"Om de vrijheid. Liberaal Manifest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). September 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Om+de+vrijheid.+Liberaal+Manifest&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnpprepo.ub.rug.nl%2F9900%2F1%2Flib-manif05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerkerk2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verkerk, Jorit (26 August 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/08/26/vvd-bepleit-slimmere-arbeidsmigratie-in-visiestuk-dreigt-met-fiscale-ingrepen-a4863725">"VVD bepleit 'slimmere' arbeidsmigratie in visiestuk, dreigt met fiscale ingrepen"</a></span> [VVD argues for 'smarter' labor migration in white paper, threatens with changes in taxation]. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=VVD+bepleit+%27slimmere%27+arbeidsmigratie+in+visiestuk%2C+dreigt+met+fiscale+ingrepen&rft.date=2024-08-26&rft.aulast=Verkerk&rft.aufirst=Jorit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F08%2F26%2Fvvd-bepleit-slimmere-arbeidsmigratie-in-visiestuk-dreigt-met-fiscale-ingrepen-a4863725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VVD-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VVD_35-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vvd.nl/standpunten">"VVD Standpunten"</a>. <i>VVD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927191251/http://www.vvd.nl/standpunten">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VVD&rft.atitle=VVD+Standpunten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvd.nl%2Fstandpunten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=NL&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1615214686374">"CoR Members Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230124440/https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=NL&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1615214686374">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CoR+Members+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemberspage.cor.europa.eu%2F%23%2F%3Fmandate%3Dmem%26language%3Den%26country%3DNL%26politicalgroup%3D2020112%26v%3D1615214686374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=NL&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1615214983690">"CoR Members Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230124440/https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=NL&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1615214983690">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CoR+Members+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemberspage.cor.europa.eu%2F%23%2F%3Fmandate%3Dalt%26language%3Den%26country%3DNL%26politicalgroup%3D2020112%26v%3D1615214983690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reneweurope-cor.eu/coordinators/">"Coordinators"</a>. <i>Renew Europe CoR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411155709/https://reneweurope-cor.eu/coordinators/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Renew+Europe+CoR&rft.atitle=Coordinators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freneweurope-cor.eu%2Fcoordinators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andeweg, R. (1982) <i>Dutch voters adrift. On explanations of electoral change 1963–1977.</i> Leiden: Leiden University. p. 17, 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrqlyx3/eerste_kamerfractie_volkspartij_voor">"Eerste Kamerfractie Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parlement.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlement.com">Parlement.com</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlement.com&rft.atitle=Eerste+Kamerfractie+Volkspartij+voor+Vrijheid+en+Democratie+%28VVD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrqlyx3%2Feerste_kamerfractie_volkspartij_voor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwxp/tweede_kamerfractie_volkspartij_voor">"Tweede Kamerfractie Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parlement.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlement.com">Parlement.com</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlement.com&rft.atitle=Tweede+Kamerfractie+Volkspartij+voor+Vrijheid+en+Democratie+%28VVD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrouwxp%2Ftweede_kamerfractie_volkspartij_voor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeulen2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vermeulen, André (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnpprepo.ub.rug.nl/10920/37/De%20Liberale%20Opmars.pdf"><i>De liberale opmars. 65 jaar VVD in de Tweede Kamer</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+liberale+opmars.+65+jaar+VVD+in+de+Tweede+Kamer&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Vermeulen&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnpprepo.ub.rug.nl%2F10920%2F37%2FDe%2520Liberale%2520Opmars.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchieVoerman2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schie, Patrick van; Voerman, Gerrit (2006). <i>Zestig jaar VVD</i> (in Dutch). Boom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zestig+jaar+VVD&rft.pub=Boom&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Schie&rft.aufirst=Patrick+van&rft.au=Voerman%2C+Gerrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Party+for+Freedom+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People&#039;s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People&#039;s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white;">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy"><span style="color:white;">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Oud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Toxopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Geertsema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Wiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Nijpels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_de_Korte" title="Rudolf de Korte">De Korte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Voorhoeve" title="Joris Voorhoeve">Voorhoeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Bolkestein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dijkstal" title="Hans Dijkstal">Dijkstal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Zalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Van Aartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Yeşilgöz</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VVD_logo_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/100px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/200px-VVD_logo_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Chair of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy"><span style="color:white;">Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Stikker" title="Dirk Stikker">Stikker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Oud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelis_van_der_Pols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelis van der Pols (page does not exist)">Van der Pols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_van_Someren" title="Haya van Someren">Van Someren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Korthals_Altes" title="Frits Korthals Altes">Korthals Altes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Kamminga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Kamminga (page does not exist)">Kamminga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leendert_Ginjaar" title="Leendert Ginjaar">Ginjaar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_van_Leeuwen-Schut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dian van Leeuwen-Schut (page does not exist)">Van Leeuwen-Schut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Hoekzema" title="Willem Hoekzema">Hoekzema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_Eenhoorn" title="Bas Eenhoorn">Eenhoorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Zanen" title="Jan van Zanen">Van Zanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Opstelten" title="Ivo Opstelten">Opstelten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benk_Korthals" title="Benk Korthals">Korthals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Keizer" title="Henry Keizer">Keizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianne_van_der_Wal" title="Christianne van der Wal">Van der Wal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onno_Hoes" title="Onno Hoes">Hoes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Wetzels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Wetzels (page does not exist)">Wetzels</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%">Parliamentary leaders in <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)"><span style="color:white;">Senate</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthonie_Nicolaas_Molenaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthonie Nicolaas Molenaar (page does not exist)">Molenaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_van_Riel" title="Harm van Riel">Van Riel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_van_Someren" title="Haya van Someren">Van Someren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guus_Zoutendijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guus Zoutendijk (page does not exist)">Zoutendijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Luteijn" title="David Luteijn">Luteijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Korthals_Altes" title="Frits Korthals Altes">Korthals Altes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leendert_Ginjaar" title="Leendert Ginjaar">Ginjaar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicoline_van_den_Broek-Laman_Trip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicoline van den Broek-Laman Trip (page does not exist)">Van den Broek-Laman Trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Rosenthal" title="Uri Rosenthal">Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_de_Graaf" title="Fred de Graaf">De Graaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loek_Hermans" title="Loek Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Jorritsma" title="Annemarie Jorritsma">Jorritsma</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Schippers</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%">Parliamentary leaders in <br /> the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)"><span style="color:white;">House of Representatives</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Oud" title="Pieter Oud">Oud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Toxopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Geertsema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edzo_Toxopeus" title="Edzo Toxopeus">Toxopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Geertsema" title="Molly Geertsema">Geertsema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Wiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koos_Rietkerk" title="Koos Rietkerk">Rietkerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wiegel" title="Hans Wiegel">Wiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Nijpels" title="Ed Nijpels">Nijpels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Voorhoeve" title="Joris Voorhoeve">Voorhoeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Bolkestein" title="Frits Bolkestein">Bolkestein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dijkstal" title="Hans Dijkstal">Dijkstal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Zalm" title="Gerrit Zalm">Zalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozias_van_Aartsen" title="Jozias van Aartsen">Van Aartsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibrord_van_Beek" title="Willibrord van Beek">Van Beek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stef_Blok" title="Stef Blok">Blok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbe_Zijlstra" title="Halbe Zijlstra">Zijlstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbe_Zijlstra" title="Halbe Zijlstra">Zijlstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaas_Dijkhoff" title="Klaas Dijkhoff">Dijkhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Rutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dilan_Ye%C5%9Filg%C3%B6z" title="Dilan Yeşilgöz">Yeşilgöz</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%">Party organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Organisation_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy">Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telders_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telders Foundation (page does not exist)">Telders Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0A2CCA;color:white;;width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_leadership_election" title="2006 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy leadership election">2006</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party (Iceland)">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/Сл</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Lenar%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Janez Lenarčič">Janez Lenarčič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri_Simson" title="Kadri Simson">Kadri Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renew_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Renew_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Renew Europe (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renew_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renew Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renew_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;"><div><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European Parliament group</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">European parties</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open Vld</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ANO_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="ANO 2011">ANO</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">RE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">FW</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Development/For!" title="Development/For!">AP!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">PL2050</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Movement_(Slovenia)" title="Freedom Movement (Slovenia)">GS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Nationalist_Party" title="Basque Nationalist Party">EAJ-PNV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD700; color:black;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li>First Vice-President: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Azmani" title="Malik Azmani">Malik Azmani</a></li> <li>Vice-Presidents: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Brunet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvie Brunet">Sylvie Brunet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Cseh" title="Katalin Cseh">Katalin Cseh</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordi_Ca%C3%B1as_P%C3%A9rez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordi Cañas Pérez">Jordi Cañas Pérez</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morten_L%C3%B8kkegaard" title="Morten Løkkegaard">Morten Løkkegaard</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iskra_Mihaylova" title="Iskra Mihaylova">Iskra Mihaylova</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Ries" title="Frédérique Ries">Frédérique Ries</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Riquet" title="Dominique Riquet">Dominique Riquet</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michal_%C5%A0ime%C4%8Dka" title="Michal Šimečka">Michal Šimečka</a></li> <li>Secretary General: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> Anders Rasmussen</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties in the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">represented in the<br />States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denk_(political_party)" title="Denk (political party)">Denk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–PvdA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">without representation in<br />the States General and/or<br />European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belang_van_Nederland" title="Belang van Nederland">Belang van Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIJ1" title="BIJ1">BIJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Orange_(political_party)" title="Code Orange (political party)">Code Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nieuwe_Mens" title="De Nieuwe Mens">De Nieuwe Mens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza!_Nederland" title="Forza! Nederland">Forza! Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_for_Freedom" title="Heart for Freedom">Heart for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Krol_List" title="Henk Krol List">Henk Krol List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezus_Leeft" title="Jezus Leeft">Jezus Leeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEF_%E2%80%93_For_the_New_Generation" title="LEF – For the New Generation">LEF – For the New Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Netherlands)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Libertarian Party (Netherlands)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Direct_Democracy" title="More Direct Democracy">More Direct Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland_met_een_Plan" title="Nederland met een Plan">Nederland met een Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_the_Netherlands" title="New Communist Party of the Netherlands">New Communist Party of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLBeter" title="NLBeter">NLBeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otten_Group" title="Otten Group">Otten Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Republic" title="Party for the Republic">Party for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Sports" title="Party for Sports">Party for Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Pirate Party (Netherlands)">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Party_for_Basic_Income" title="Political Party for Basic Income">Political Party for Basic Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_(political_party)" title="Splinter (political party)">Splinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Netherlands)" title="The Greens (Netherlands)">The Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Future" title="Party of the Future">The Party Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_for_the_Netherlands" title="Together for the Netherlands">Together for the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trots_op_Nederland" title="Trots op Nederland">Trots op Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Connected_Front" title="Ubuntu Connected Front">Ubuntu Connected Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="United Communist Party (Netherlands)">United Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">European Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Wageningen" title="Connect Wageningen">Connect Wageningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CU%E2%80%93SGP" title="CU–SGP">CU–SGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Alkmaar" title="Independent Party of Alkmaar">Independent Party of Alkmaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Eindhoven" title="Livable Eindhoven">Livable Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livable_Rotterdam" title="Livable Rotterdam">Livable Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht:_Open_Eerlijk_Democratisch" title="Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch">Maastricht: Open Eerlijk Democratisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouder-Amstel_Anders" title="Ouder-Amstel Anders">Ouder-Amstel Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_%26_Starter" title="Student & Starter">Student & Starter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_en_Stad" title="Student en Stad">Student en Stad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studenten_Techniek_In_Politiek" title="Studenten Techniek In Politiek">Studenten Techniek In Politiek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Democratic_Party" title="Bonaire Democratic Party">Bonaire Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Patriotic_Union" title="Bonaire Patriotic Union">Bonaire Patriotic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire_People%27s_Movement" title="Bonaire People's Movement">Bonaire People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Democratic Party (Sint Eustatius)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_21_(Bonaire)" title="Movement 21 (Bonaire)">Movement 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labour_Party_(Sint_Eustatius)" title="Progressive Labour Party (Sint Eustatius)">Progressive Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_Labour_Party" title="Saba Labour Party">Saba Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands_People%27s_Movement" title="Windward Islands People's Movement">Windward Islands People's Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_National_Party" title="Frisian National Party">Frisian National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groninger_Interest" title="Groninger Interest">Groninger Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Brabant" title="Local Brabant">Local Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_North" title="Party for the North">Party for the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Zeeland" title="Party for Zeeland">Party for Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Local_Drenthe" title="Strong Local Drenthe">Strong Local Drenthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water board parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Water_Board_Party" title="General Water Board Party">General Water Board Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Natuurlijk" title="Water Natuurlijk">Water Natuurlijk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_European_Parliament,_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Template:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Template talk:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Parliament,_(Netherlands)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Parliament, (Netherlands)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Netherlands&#124;link=Netherlands_European_Parliament,_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> European Parliament, Netherlands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Coal_and_Steel_Community_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1952%E2%80%931958" title="List of members of the European Coal and Steel Community Parliament for the Netherlands, 1952–1958">ECSC members 1952–1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1958%E2%80%931979" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1958–1979">EP members 1958–1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Netherlands (European Parliament constituency)">Netherlands constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1979</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1979%E2%80%931984" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1979–1984">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1984</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1984%E2%80%931989" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1984–1989">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1989%E2%80%931994" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1989–1994">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1994</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1994%E2%80%931999" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1994–1999">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">1999</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_1999%E2%80%932004" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 1999–2004">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2004</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2004%E2%80%932009" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2004–2009">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2009%E2%80%932014" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2009–2014">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2014%E2%80%932019" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2014–2019">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2019%E2%80%932024" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2019–2024">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Party lists in the 2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_Netherlands,_2024%E2%80%932029" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2024–2029">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Party_for_Freedom_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Party for Freedom Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_Labour_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dutch Labour Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Democratic_Appeal_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Democratic Appeal Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_66_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Democrats 66 Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Farmer–Citizen Movement Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Volt_Netherlands_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Volt Netherlands Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Party_for_the_Animals_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Party for the Animals Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">New Social Contract</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_New_Social_Contract_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of New Social Contract Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Transparent" title="Europe Transparent">Europe Transparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Europe_Transparent_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Europe Transparent Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(Netherlands)" title="Rainbow (Netherlands)">Rainbow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Progressive_Accord" title="Green Progressive Accord">Green Progressive Accord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GroenLinks_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GroenLinks Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGP/RPF/GPV" class="mw-redirect" title="SGP/RPF/GPV">SGP/RPF/GPV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Union – Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Socialist Party (Netherlands) Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Forum_for_Democracy_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Forum for Democracy Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_50PLUS_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of 50PLUS Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Union – Reformed Political Party">Christian Union – Reformed Political Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Reformed_Political_Party_Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian Union – Reformed Political Party Members of the European Parliament">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_JA21_Members_of_the_European_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of JA21 Members of the European Parliament (page does not exist)">members</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liberal_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberal_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Liberal political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberal_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Liberal political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberal political parties in the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liberal_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">political parties in the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Netherlands)">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Krol_List" title="Henk Krol List">Henk Krol List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_(political_party)" title="Splinter (political party)">Splinter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_League" title="Radical League">Radical League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_League_(Netherlands)" title="Economic League (Netherlands)">Economic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Democratic Party (Netherlands)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Neighbourly_Love,_Freedom_and_Diversity" title="Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity">Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza!_Nederland" title="Forza! Nederland">Forza! Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trots_op_Nederland" title="Trots op Nederland">Trots op Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otten_Group" title="Otten Group">Otten Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belang_van_Nederland" title="Belang van Nederland">Belang van Nederland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Union (Netherlands)">Liberal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Free_Liberals" title="League of Free Liberals">League of Free Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_State_Party" title="Liberal State Party">Liberal State Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Liberal Party (Netherlands)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_League_(Netherlands)" title="Fatherland League (Netherlands)">Fatherland League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Freedom Party (Netherlands)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Middle_Party" title="New Middle Party">New Middle Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn_List" title="Pim Fortuyn List">Pim Fortuyn List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Justice,_Action_and_Progress" title="Party for Justice, Action and Progress">Party for Justice, Action and Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Netherlands" title="Party for the Netherlands">Party for the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_NL" title="One NL">One NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onafhankelijke_Burger_Partij" title="Onafhankelijke Burger Partij">Onafhankelijke Burger Partij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Political_Turning_Point" title="Democratic Political Turning Point">Democratic Political Turning Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoorNederland" title="VoorNederland">VoorNederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurs%27_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Entrepreneurs' Party (Netherlands)">Entrepreneurs' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2.5em;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Libertarian Party (Netherlands)">Libertarian Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_parties_of_international_liberal_organisations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_liberal_organisations" title="Template talk:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_liberal_organisations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International liberal organisations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_parties_of_international_liberal_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Member parties of international liberal organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Andorra" title="Liberals of Andorra">LA</a></li> <li>Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Movement" title="Reformist Movement">MR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Liberals and Democrats">VLD</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a>*</li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Botswana_Movement_for_Democracy" title="Botswana Movement for Democracy">BMD</a>*</li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NDSV</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a>*</li> <li>Burma: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_League_for_Democracy-Liberated_Areas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National League for Democracy-Liberated Areas (page does not exist)">NLD-LA</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Alliance_for_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Alliance for Renewal (page does not exist)">ADR</a></li> <li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Party_of_National_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Party of National Unity">U</a>*</li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliance_for_Congo%27s_Renewal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliance for Congo's Renewal (page does not exist)">ARC</a>*, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_for_Congo%27s_Reconstruction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union for Congo's Reconstruction (page does not exist)">URC</a>*</li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Cuba" title="Liberal Party of Cuba">PLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Solidarity_Party" title="Democratic Solidarity Party">PSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Liberal_Union" title="Cuban Liberal Union">ULC</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Det_Radikale_Venstre" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Radikale Venstre">RV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/El-Ghad_Party" title="El-Ghad Party">Ghad</a>*</li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Democratic_Party" title="Ethiopian Democratic Party">EDP</a>*</li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Keskusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish People's Party (Finland)">SFP</a></li> <li>Georgia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RPG</a>*</li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li>Gibraltar: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Liberal Party</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Guatemala)" title="Patriotic Party (Guatemala)">PP</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_of_Guinea" title="Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea">UFDG</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Republican_Forces" title="Union of Republican Forces">UFR</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Honduras" title="Liberal Party of Honduras">PLH</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">MLP</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Iceland)" title="Progressive Party (Iceland)">FSF</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Democratic Party (Indonesia)">PD</a>*</li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>*</li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Yesh_Atid" title="Yesh Atid">Yesh Atid</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">Rad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Liberals" title="Federation of Liberals">FdL</a>*</li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Kenya)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya)">LDP</a>*</li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a>*</li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Latvia%27s_First_Party/Latvian_Way" title="Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way">LPP/LC</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>*</li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Centre_Union" title="Liberal and Centre Union">LCU</a></li> <li>Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a>*</li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a>*</li> <li>Mali: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizens_Party_for_the_Renewal_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizens Party for the Renewal (Mali) (page does not exist)">PCR</a>*</li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a>*</li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformist_Party_(Moldova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Reformist Party (Moldova)">PRL</a>*</li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Alliance_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Alliance of Montenegro">LSCG</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberties" title="Alliance of Liberties">AdL</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PPDD</a>*</li> <li>Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> , <a class="mw-selflink selflink">VVD</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">PLI</a>*</li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">Venstre</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Authentic_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Authentic Radical Liberal Party">PLRA</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Serbia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a>*</li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_New_Citizen" title="Alliance of the New Citizen">ANO</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Convergence_of_Catalonia" title="Democratic Convergence of Catalonia">CDC</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP.The Liberals</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CCW/CUF</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine of the Future">UM</a>*</li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">APNI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a>*</li></ul> <p>National groups: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Group_of_Liberal_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Group of Liberal International (page does not exist)">Brazilian Group</a>*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsche_Gruppe_der_LI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsche Gruppe der LI (page does not exist)">German Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israeli Group (page does not exist)">Israeli Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Groep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederlandse Groep (page does not exist)">Netherlands Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llibertat_i_Democracia_Social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llibertat i Democracia Social (page does not exist)">Catalan Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_International_British_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal International British Group (page does not exist)">British Group</a></li></ul> <p>* observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Template talk:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Renew Europe</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NEOS_(Austria)" title="NEOS (Austria)">NEOS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open Vld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS/ДПС</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS/DDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Liberal_Alliance" title="Civic Liberal Alliance">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Centre (Croatian political party)">Centar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Croatian_political_party)" title="Focus (Croatian political party)">Fokus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats" title="United Democrats">EDI/Ε.ΔΗ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)" title="Democratic Alignment (Cyprus)">DiPa/ΔηΠα</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Centre_Party" title="Estonian Centre Party">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Reform_Party" title="Estonian Reform Party">RE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Kesk./C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_People%27s_Party_of_Finland" title="Swedish People's Party of Finland">RKP/SFP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Liberálisok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrats" title="European Liberal Democrats">LDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_K%C3%B6llensperger" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Köllensperger">TK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Development">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_For!" title="Movement For!">Par!</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_(Lithuania)" title="Freedom Party (Lithuania)">LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Movement (Lithuania)">LRLS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Democratic Party (Luxembourg)">DP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VVD</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Nowoczesna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Initiative_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Initiative (Portugal)">IL</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">PS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Sweden)" title="Centre Party (Sweden)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals_(Sweden)" title="Liberals (Sweden)">L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Action_for_Andorra" title="Action for Andorra">ACC!Ó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Andorra">PLA</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Congress" title="Armenian National Congress">ANC/ՀԱԿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Armenia" title="Bright Armenia">BA/ԼՀ</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Müsavat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Liberal_Party_of_Freedom_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress">PFP/ПСП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Our_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Our Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">NS</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Georgia" title="Republican Party of Georgia">RP/რპ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democrats_(Georgia)" title="Free Democrats (Georgia)">FD/თდ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_Aghmashenebeli" title="Strategy Aghmashenebeli">SA/სა</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_for_Georgia" title="Lelo for Georgia">Lelo/ლელო</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girchi_-_More_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Girchi - More Freedom">Girchi-MF/გირჩი-მთ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droa" title="Droa">Droa/დროა</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(Iceland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party (Iceland)">Viðreisn</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">PDK</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Moldova">PL</a></li> <li>CUB</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Party of Montenegro">LPCG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP/ЛДП</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">V</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Russia_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Freedom_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party">RPR-PARNAS/РПР-ПАРНАС</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko/Я́блоко</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Free_Citizens_(Serbia)" title="Movement of Free Citizens (Serbia)">PSG</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp/pvl</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Party_of_Ukraine" title="European Party of Ukraine">EPU/ЄПУ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Position" title="Civil Position">CP/ГП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_People" title="Power of the People">SL/Сл</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">SN/СН</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_(Ukrainian_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice (Ukrainian political party)">Holos/Голос</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Lib Dems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Gibraltar" title="Liberal Party of Gibraltar">Libs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Party Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Flesch" title="Colette Flesch">Colette Flesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_De_Clercq" title="Willy De Clercq">Willy De Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uffe_Ellemann-Jensen" title="Uffe Ellemann-Jensen">Uffe Ellemann-Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hoyer" title="Werner Hoyer">Werner Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemie_Neyts-Uyttebroeck" title="Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck">Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Baalen" title="Hans van Baalen">Hans van Baalen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Parliament<br />Group Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Yvon Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">René Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Berkhouwer" title="Cornelis Berkhouwer">Cornelis Berkhouwer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Durieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Durieux (page does not exist)">Jean Durieux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Durieux" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Durieux">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pintat" title="Jean-François Pintat">Jean-François Pintat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bangemann" title="Martin Bangemann">Martin Bangemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Galland" title="Yves Galland">Yves Galland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gijs_de_Vries" title="Gijs de Vries">Gijs de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Watson" title="Graham Watson">Graham Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Dacian Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Hayer" title="Valérie Hayer">Valérie Hayer</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">European Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Lenar%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Janez Lenarčič">Janez Lenarčič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Reynders" title="Didier Reynders">Didier Reynders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri_Simson" title="Kadri Simson">Kadri Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a></li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission" title="Von der Leyen Commission">Von der Leyen Commission</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Heads of government<br />at the European Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> (Estonia)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; color:black;;width:1%">Affiliated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a> (LYMEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Forum" title="European Liberal Forum">European Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:gold; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Category:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_South_East_European_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">LDS</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Movement for Rights and Freedoms">DPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_Stability_and_Progress" title="National Movement for Stability and Progress">NSDV</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Liberal_Democrats" title="Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats">HNS-LD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Croatian Social Liberal Party">HSLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">IDS</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">SzDSz</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Liberal Party of Kosovo">PLK</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Macedonia" title="Liberal Party of Macedonia">LPM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(North_Macedonia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (North Macedonia)">LDP</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Liberals_of_Serbia" title="Liberals of Serbia">LS</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">LDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rainsy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Rainsy Party">PSR</a></li> <li>Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">DP</a> (represented through two individual members)</li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle" title="Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle">PDI-P</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">PKB</a>**</li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Democratic Party of Japan">DPJ</a>**</li> <li>Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">PGRM</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Will_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Will Party">IZN</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Union_of_Burma" title="National Council of the Union of Burma">NCUB</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_Forum_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal Forum Pakistan (page does not exist)">LFP</a>*</li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">LP</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Democratic_Party" title="Singapore Democratic Party">SDP</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Sri Lanka">LP</a></li> <li>ROC Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a></li> <li>Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Thailand)" title="Democrat Party (Thailand)">DP</a></li></ul> <p>*associate member **observer </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa_Liberal_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Angola)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Angola)">PLD</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Democracy_and_Federation%E2%80%93African_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally">ADF-RDA</a></li> <li>DR Congo: <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Democrats_for_Reconstruction" title="National Alliance of Democrats for Reconstruction">ANADER</a></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Republicans" title="Rally of the Republicans">RDR</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea">UDENA</a></li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Progress_of_Madagascar" title="Movement for the Progress of Madagascar">MFM</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(Malawi)" title="United Democratic Front (Malawi)">UDF</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Peace,_Democracy,_and_Development" title="Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development">PDD</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Democratic_Party" title="Senegalese Democratic Party">PDS</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_National_Party" title="Seychelles National Party">SNP</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">DA</a></li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Civic_United_Front" title="Civic United Front">CUF</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Tanzania)" title="United Democratic Party (Tanzania)">UDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Social Liberal Party (Tunisia)">PSL</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/United_Party_for_National_Development" title="United Party for National Development">UNDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Recreate_for_Growth" title="Recreate for Growth">Recrear</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Primero_de_Gente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Primero de Gente (page does not exist)">PPG</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Libertario" class="mw-redirect" title="Movimiento Libertario">PML</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Movement_(Guatemala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Movement (Guatemala)">MR</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party_(Mexico)" title="New Alliance Party (Mexico)">NA</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/National_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice">JN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arab_Liberal_Federation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Comoros: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Alliance_of_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Alliance of the Comoros (page does not exist)">NAC</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_Party" title="Democratic Front Party">DFP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Egyptians_Party" title="Free Egyptians Party">FEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghad_El-Thawra_Party" title="Ghad El-Thawra Party">GTP</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)" title="National Liberal Party (Lebanon)">NLP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">FM</a></li> <li>Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Movement_(Morocco)" title="Popular Movement (Morocco)">MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_(Morocco)" title="Constitutional Union (Morocco)">UC</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Sudan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Sudan)">LDP</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Tunisia)" title="Republican Party (Tunisia)">PR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239333#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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