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<span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de la Rocque de Roberval – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean-François de la Rocque de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval" title="Jean-François Roberval – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jean-François Roberval" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Franc%C3%A9s_de_La_R%C3%B2ca_de_Roberval" title="Joan Francés de La Ròca de Roberval – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan Francés de La Ròca de Roberval" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval – Polish" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jean-François Roberval</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Roque_de_Roberval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Roque_de_Roberval.jpg/220px-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Roque_de_Roberval.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Roque_de_Roberval.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="323" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sketch of de La Rocque de Roberval by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Clouet" title="Jean Clouet">Jean Clouet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chantilly" title="Château de Chantilly">Château de Chantilly</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1495</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">near <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1560<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Roberval, Sieur de Roberval</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">French nobleman and civil servant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_of_New_France" title="Lieutenant General of New France">lieutenant general of French Canada</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</b>, also named "l'élu de Poix" or the Sieur de Roberval, (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1495</span> – 1560) was a <a href="/wiki/French_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="French officer">French officer</a> who was appointed <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">Canada</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a>. He led the first French colonial attempt in the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent,_Quebec" title="Saint-Laurent, Quebec">Saint Laurent</a> valley in the first half of the 16th century with the explorer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complexity of his origins and his family can be explained by the three known marriages of his father, Bernard de La Rocque, military and former <a href="/wiki/Seneschal" title="Seneschal">seneschal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first marriage (1482–87) having given no descendants, the Sieur de Roberval would be the son of a second wife (between 1487 and 1499), who died in the childhood of J-F de La Rocque. His father's third marriage (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions to La Rocques) resulted in the birth of three half-sisters and a half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie and Jean. </p><p>Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from favorable <a href="/wiki/Patrimonialism" title="Patrimonialism">patrimonial</a> circumstances. In addition to the land and estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from close relatives who died childless. Its lands and lordships were scattered over three regions of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>. The firsts in <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a> near <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, the region of origin of the <a href="/wiki/La_Rocque" title="La Rocque">La Rocque</a> family. The second in the <a href="/wiki/Rethel" title="Rethel">Rethélois</a> near <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, from his father's first marriage. The latest and most famous, in Roberval in the Valois, between <a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Oise" title="Chantilly, Oise">Chantilly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senlis" title="Senlis">Senlis</a>, where the title by which it has made history comes from.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a soldier, La Rocque worked under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Robert_III_de_La_Marck" title="Robert III de La Marck">Robert III de La Marck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> and chief of the armies of <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis 1</a>. He thus continued the family tradition of working under the orders of a <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a>. His membership in this regiment led him to travel, but above all to reside in <a href="/wiki/Rethel" title="Rethel">the Rethélois</a> where his garrison had its quarters. With La Marck, he joined the ranks of the king's military officers and participated in most of the conflicts of the time. He distinguished himself among others, in Pavia (1525), at the siege of <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne,_Somme" title="Péronne, Somme">Péronne</a> in 1536 which blocked a Spanish attack towards Paris. At the end of the war of 1536–1538 he returned from Italy as a hero, but without its leader, <a href="/wiki/Robert_III_de_La_Marck" title="Robert III de La Marck">Robert De La Marck</a> (died in 1536) and half of his comrades who were killed in fighting with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1537%E2%80%931540)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)">Spaniards in 1537</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempt_at_colonizing_Canada">Attempt at colonizing Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attempt at colonizing Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is probable that the Sieur de Roberval heard of the Canadian colonial project on his return to court in 1538. According to sources, he devoted himself to rebuilding his former regiment with the young son of Robert de La Mark. It remains that until 1540, François I refused all projects that could endanger his political negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V of Spain</a>. But when this goodwill ceased in the fall of 1540, the French sovereign decided to increase the size of the original expedition and at the same time empty its overcrowded prisons. This first French colony will therefore include <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settlers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisans</a> and soldiers to protect the establishment from <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">Amerindians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> and to supervise prisoners sentenced to hard labor. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>, unable to carry out all aspects of this mission, entrusted his organization to a lieutenant governor. The choice fell on La Rocque de Roberval, who had the advantages of being a noble soldier, leader of a man who will not back down from the enemy, an engineer in <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> and a master of mines in France, aspects useful for the future colony. The political context also contributed to his appointment, because in 1540 the Constable of Montmorency was in disgrace at Chantilly and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Chabot" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe de Chabot">Admiral Philippe de Chabot</a> was in prison for corruption. It is therefore to the La Marcks not tainted with conflicts of interest that Francis I turns to designate the applicant. </p><p>The preparations, already well advanced by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>, must constantly be readjusted, but things are going well. It remains that the military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to arrive from its <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a>, gives rise to fears of a postponement of the expedition. To overcome this problem, La Rocque decided to send Cartier immediately to Canada with more than half of the fleet so that the colonial settlement would be ready when he came to join him. But when Cartier is at sea, tension escalates between France and Spain following the assassination of two French ambassadors by the Spaniards in Italy. The threatening war then encouraged La Rocque to stay in France to participate in the looming conflict. François I finally gives up starting hostilities and it is now too late to go to Canada. Roberval then decides to spend the winter on the tip of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> to retaliate an economic blockade of Spain by boarding ships and goods coming from Spain. La Rocque de Roberval set sail for Canada from <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> the following spring, unaware that Spanish ships were sailing the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> in search of them. </p><p>In Canada, Jacques Cartier, set up the colony of <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg-Royal" title="Charlesbourg-Royal">Charlesbourg-Royal</a> a few kilometers upstream from <a href="/wiki/Stadacona" title="Stadacona">Stadacona</a>, at Cape Rouge. As planned, two forts were erected, one below by the <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_Cap_Rouge" title="Rivière du Cap Rouge">Cap Rouge River</a> and the other on the cliff to protect the colony from attacks from the river. During the work, Cartier took the opportunity to go back to <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga</a>, but on his return, a confrontation took place between the settlers and the Stadaconians. As a result, thirty-five settlers were killed by the <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">Amerindians</a> to avenge those killed or wounded by the French. After a winter, logically in a state of siege and not seeing La Rocque de Roberval coming, the sailor from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a> decides to pack up his bags with a few barrels filled with stones and minerals that he believes are precious in his holds. The Sieur de Roberval left La Rochelle on April 16, 1542, with three ships, and during a stop in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">Saint-John's</a>, Cartier found himself facing the ships from La Rocque on their way to the colony. Cartier may well explain his difficulties with the Stadaconians and show the so-called precious metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with it and orders Cartier and his people to return to the colony. But during the night, the latter decided instead to take to sea again, thus disobeying official orders. This decision will have serious consequences for the Saint-Malo sailor. </p><p>In her <a href="/wiki/Heptam%C3%A9ron" title="Heptaméron">Heptaméron</a>, the sister of the King of France, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre" title="Marguerite de Navarre">Marguerite of Navarre</a>, reports that on their way to the colony, La Rocque forced a couple to disembark on a small island. Only the woman survived and was recovered the following year. By regaining control of the colony abandoned by Cartier and his team, the Sieur de Roberval renamed several places: the river became France Prime and the colony of <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg-Royal" title="Charlesbourg-Royal">Charlesbourg-Royal</a> became France-Roy, etc. The latter restored the facilities at <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a> and renewed relations with the Stadaconians who supplied the French establishment. During the long winter, about fifty settlers died of <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>, a clear sign that neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians had explained to them the recipe for Anneda which could cure this disease. In the spring, La Rocque took advantage of the good weather to go up the river to <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve" title="Hochelaga-Maisonneuve">Hochelaga</a> with seventy soldiers and settlers in eight boats to reach the mythical place that the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a> call the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saguenay" title="Kingdom of Saguenay">Kingdom of Saguenay</a>" hoping to find the mythical <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>. There he meets the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a> and Roberval's men carry boats on their shoulders at the top of the first fall to study the waterways upstream. Going back downstream a little later, a boat capsized and eight people were drowned. Back in the colony, ships arrived from France with fresh supplies, but also letters from François Ist who demanded their return to France because of the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_home_and_death">Return home and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Return home and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On his arrival in the fall of 1543, Roberval learned that the <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spaniards</a> and the English were marching on Paris from the east and north of the kingdom. The following spring, the king assigned to <a href="/wiki/La_Rocque" title="La Rocque">La Rocque</a> the city of <a href="/wiki/Senlis" title="Senlis">Senlis</a>, the last stronghold north of the capital, whose <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> had to be repaired. La Rocque puts all the inhabitants of the region to work with many of the people who returned with him to Canada. In September 1544, Charles V decided to sign peace with François I, but two days later the English seized the stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> and continued their advance towards the capital. Francis I finally repelled the attackers by sending an armada of 150 ships, sowing destruction along the English coasts. La Rocque de Roberval and his regiment led the attack under the orders of <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> d'Annebault. As one of the king's military officers, the Sieur de Roberval was involved in all such conflicts until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cateau-Cambr%C3%A9sis" title="Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis">Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis</a> in 1559. Those who had not been killed on the battlefields paid the monetary debts they had incurred during the numerous conflicts of the first half of the 16th century, or scrounged to pay the ransom of Francis I while he was detained in Spain. Roberval lived at the expense of the army while, protected from his creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, 2013). Roberval was assassinated at the dawn of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Religion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Wars of Religion (disambiguation)">Wars of Religion</a> a month after the <a href="/wiki/Amboise_conspiracy" title="Amboise conspiracy">Conspiracy</a> of Amboise (March 17, 1560), on the occasion of the burial of a colleague in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Innocents%27_Cemetery" title="Holy Innocents' Cemetery">Saints-Innocents cemetery</a> in Paris on April 18, 1560.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posterity">Posterity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Posterity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having no children, Roberval had made the necessary arrangements and left the family patrimony in the hands of his sisters. The only possession he had not officially bequeathed (the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Roberval" class="extiw" title="fr:Château de Roberval">Château de Roberval</a>) was seized and auctioned for debts incurred some 40 years previously. However, it was his nephew who bought the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">chateau</a> and so it stayed in the family. From the 17th to the 18th century, the castle of Roberval passed into the hands of great wealthy families in the La Marcks movement to which La Rocque had remained faithful. In 1784, the <a href="/wiki/Seigneur" title="Seigneur">seigneury</a> with its castle (and its archives) was bought by the Davène family, whose descendants still own it. Despite his military fame and his involvement in the Canadian expedition, La Rocque de Roberval had difficulty entering the Pantheon of 16th-century explorers and colonizers, mainly because of his religious opinions that were <a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">anti-clerical</a> and favorable to the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>. His reputation was reduced or even blackened at the time of the religious wars in France (1562–1598) and it was not until the nineteenth century that he emerged again in <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> and after the 1960s that he is mentioned in public historical literature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rabelais" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabelais">Rabelais</a> spoke of him as Robert Valbringue. His marooning of Marguerite de la Roque de Roberval, his young relative, and her rescue is recounted in novella 67 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Heptam%C3%A9ron" title="Heptaméron">Heptaméron</a></i> (1559) by <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre" title="Marguerite de Navarre">Queen Marguerite of Navarre</a>. André Thevet wrote on Jean-François de Roberval, including two versions of the legend of <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_La_Rocque" title="Marguerite de La Rocque">Marguerite de Roberval</a> in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmographie_universelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmographie universelle (page does not exist)">Cosmographie universelle</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Grand_Insulaire_et_pilotage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage (page does not exist)">Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage</a></i>. Court poets <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Marot" title="Clément Marot">Clément Marot</a> and Michel d'Amboise dedicated works to him. A <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> poem in Latin, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of an anonymous collection of poems at the <a href="/wiki/National_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library">National Library</a> in Paris. According to the dedication to <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry of Navarre</a> by François Desprez, some of the costume woodcuts in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Breton" title="Richard Breton">Richard Breton</a>'s <i>Recueil des Habits</i> (Paris 1562) derive from Roberval's sketches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jean-francois-de-la-rocque-sieur-de-roberval">"Jean-François de La Rocque, Sieur de Roberval"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+La+Rocque%2C+Sieur+de+Roberval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fjean-francois-de-la-rocque-sieur-de-roberval&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Roberval" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html">"Biography – LA ROCQUE DE ROBERVAL, JEAN-FRANÇOIS DE – Volume I (1000–1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"</a>. <i>www.biographi.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biographi.ca&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+LA+ROCQUE+DE+ROBERVAL%2C+JEAN-FRAN%C3%87OIS+DE+%E2%80%93+Volume+I+%281000%E2%80%931700%29+%E2%80%93+Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fla_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Roberval" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShortt,_AdamDoughty,_Arthur_G.1914" class="citation book cs1">Shortt, Adam; Doughty, Arthur G., eds. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XT4SsPGzigMC&pg=PA39"><i>Canada and Its Provinces</i></a>. Vol. I. Glasgow, Brook, & Co. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+Its+Provinces&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Glasgow%2C+Brook%2C+%26+Co.&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXT4SsPGzigMC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Roberval" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Roque_de_Roquebrune1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1979) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html">"La Rocque de Roberval, Jean-François de"</a>. In Brown, George Williams (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+Rocque+de+Roberval%2C+Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=La+Roque+de+Roquebrune&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fla_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Roberval" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel. (1909). <i>Histoire de la Marine Française</i> Plon-Nourrit; p. 477</li> <li>Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (1999). <i>Pirate Novels. Fictions of Nation Building in Spanish America</i>. Duke University Press, Durham, p. 22, <i>discussing real pirates</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1998" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Kris E. (1998). <i>Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750</i>. <a href="/wiki/Armonk,_New_York" title="Armonk, New York">Armonk</a>: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-0257-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-0257-1"><bdi>0-7656-0257-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pillaging+the+Empire%3A+Piracy+in+the+Americas%2C+1500%E2%80%931750&rft.place=Armonk&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7656-0257-1&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Kris+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Roberval" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Th%C3%A9vet" class="mw-redirect" title="André Thévet">Thevet, André</a> et al. (1986) <i>André Thevet's North America: A Sixteenth-Century View</i> McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Ontario, p. 121</li> <li>Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval et l'Amérique, Montréal, La Presse, 2013 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2897051570" title="Special:BookSources/978-2897051570">978-2897051570</a>)</li> <li>Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de La Rocque de Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, 2015 (online) [archive]</li> <li>Biggar, H. P., A Collection of Documents relating to Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval, Ottawa, PAC, 1930.</li> <li>Braudel, F. (dir.), Le monde de Jacques Cartier : l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression, 1984.</li> <li>Bibaud, Michel, Histoire du Canada, sous la domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Gibson, Montréal, 1843, pp. 6, 33–35, 39–50, 58</li> <li>Morel, Emile, Jean-François de la Roque, Seigneur de Roberval, vice-roi du Canada, Paris, Leroux, 1893 (lire en ligne) [archive]</li> <li>Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – Premier vice-roi du Canada, éditions La vague verte, 2008 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2356370013" title="Special:BookSources/978-2356370013">978-2356370013</a>)</li> <li>Laverdière, Camil, Le sieur de Roberval, Chicoutimi, les Éditions JCL. 2005, 160 pages. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2894313428" title="Special:BookSources/978-2894313428">978-2894313428</a>)</li> <li>Thevet, André, Les singularitez de la France Antarctique…, Paris 1558.</li> <li>Lestringant, Franck. et Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin de deux voyages par lui faits aux Indes Australes et Occidentales, édition critique par, J-C, Genève, Droz, 2006.</li> <li>d'Albret de Navarre, Marguerite, L’Heptaméron, Paris, Boaistuau, (1549), 1558.</li> <li>La Roque de Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne au XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, 1956, no 151, pp. 125–137</li> <li>Allaire, (2013), p. 20.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberval&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~louislarocque/roberven.htm"><i>Jean-François de LaRocque de Roberval</i> by Robert La Roque de Roquebrune</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://international.loc.gov/intldl/fiahtml/fiatheme2a.html"><i>Attempts at Colonization in the 16th Century</i></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_of_New_France" title="Lieutenant General of New France">Lieutenant General of New France</a> </b><br />1541–1543 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">hiatus until 1598, then <br /><a href="/wiki/Troillus_des_Mesgo%C3%BCets" class="mw-redirect" title="Troillus des Mesgoüets">Troilus de la Roche de Mesgouez, Marquis de la Roche-Mesgouez</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Explorers_of_New_France" title="Template:Explorers of New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Explorers_of_New_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Explorers of New France (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers_of_New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Explorers of New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Explorers_of_New_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Explorers of New France</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Greysolon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Greysolon">Daniel Greysolon</a></li> <li>de La Vérendrye family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes_et_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye">Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="François de La Vérendrye">François de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Joseph_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Brul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Brulé">Étienne Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Couture" title="Guillaume Couture">Guillaume Couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Jacques Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Le_Moyne_de_Bienville" title="Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville">Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval">Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nicolet" title="Jean Nicolet">Jean Nicolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hennepin" title="Louis Hennepin">Louis Hennepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jolliet" title="Louis Jolliet">Louis Jolliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis" title="Louis Juchereau de St. Denis">Louis Juchereau de St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers" title="Médard des Groseilliers">Médard des Groseilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Perrot" title="Nicolas Perrot">Nicolas Perrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Moyne_d%27Iberville" title="Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville">Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson" title="Pierre-Esprit Radisson">Pierre-Esprit Radisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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