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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iossif Chklovski</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="يوسف شيكلوفسكي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوسف شيكلوفسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="يوسف شيكلوفسكى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوسف شيكلوفسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Іосіф Самуілавіч Шклоўскі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іосіф Самуілавіч Шклоўскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Йосиф Шкловски – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йосиф Шкловски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3ssif_Xklovski" title="Ióssif Xklovski – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ióssif Xklovski" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Samuilovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Josif Samuilovič Šklovskij – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Josif Samuilovič Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iossif_Samuilowitsch_Schklowski" title="Iossif Samuilowitsch Schklowski – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iossif Samuilowitsch Schklowski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%86_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Ιώσηφ Σκλόφσκι – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιώσηφ Σκλόφσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Shklovsky" title="Iosif Shklovsky – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iosif Shklovsky" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3sif_Shklovski" title="Iósif Shklovski – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iósif Shklovski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_%C5%A0klovski" title="Iosif Šklovski – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iosif Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="יוסף שקלובסקי – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוסף שקלובסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioszif_Szamuilovics_Sklovszkij" title="Ioszif Szamuilovics Sklovszkij – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ioszif Szamuilovics Sklovszkij" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Shklovsky" title="Iosif Shklovsky – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iosif Shklovsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Samuilovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Iosif Samuilovič Šklovskij – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iosif Samuilovič Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ヨシフ・シクロフスキー – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨシフ・シクロフスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_%C5%A0klovskij" title="Iosephus Šklovskij – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Šklovskij" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Sjklovskij" title="Iosif Sjklovskij – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iosif Sjklovskij" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Szk%C5%82owski" title="Iosif Szkłowski – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iosif Szkłowski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Shklovsky" title="Iosif Shklovsky – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iosif Shklovsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_%C8%98klovski" title="Iosif Șklovski – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iosif Șklovski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шкловский, Иосиф Самуилович – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шкловский, Иосиф Самуилович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Samujilovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0klovski" title="Josip Samujilovič Šklovski – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Josip Samujilovič Šklovski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="இயோசிப் சாமுயீலொவிச் சுக்லோவ்சுகி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயோசிப் சாமுயீலொவிச் சுக்லோவ்சுகி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шкловський Йосип Самуїлович – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкловський Йосип Самуїлович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BB%80%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="约瑟夫·什克洛夫斯基 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约瑟夫·什克洛夫斯基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Chklovski" class="mw-disambig" title="Chklovski">Chklovski</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:280px"> <div class="entete icon defaut" style="background-color: #EEEEFF;"> <div>Iossif Chklovski</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich,_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg/220px-I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg/330px-I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg/440px-I._S._Shklovsky_and_Ya._B._Zel%27dovich%2C_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1666" data-file-height="1784" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Iossif Chklovski (à gauche) en compagnie <br />de l'astrophysicien soviétique <a href="/wiki/Iakov_Zeldovitch" title="Iakov Zeldovitch">Yakov Zeldovitch</a><br /> en août 1977.</div><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Naissance</th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1916-07-01" data-sort-value="1916-07-01"><a href="/wiki/1er_juillet" title="1er juillet">1<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Juillet_1916" title="Juillet 1916">juillet</a> <a href="/wiki/1916_en_science" title="1916 en science">1916</a></time><br /><a href="/wiki/Hloukhiv" title="Hloukhiv">Hloukhiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Soumy" title="Oblast de Soumy">oblast de Soumy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Décès</th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1985-03-03" data-sort-value="1985-03-03"><a href="/wiki/3_mars" title="3 mars">3</a> <a href="/wiki/Mars_1985" title="Mars 1985">mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1985_en_science" title="1985 en science">1985</a></time> (à 68 ans)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rative_sovi%C3%A9tique_de_Russie" title="République socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie">RSFS de Russie</a><br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Union soviétique"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'URSS"><img alt="Drapeau de l'URSS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Nationalité</th> <td> Ukrainien</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#DADAFF; height:1px;"></div> <table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Domaines</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Astronome" title="Astronome">Astronome</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Renommé pour</th> <td> ses travaux sur les <a href="/wiki/Champ_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Champ magnétique">champs magnétiques</a> des <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a> et la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9buleuse_du_Crabe" title="Nébuleuse du Crabe">nébuleuse du Crabe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Distinctions</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Bruce" title="Médaille Bruce">Médaille Bruce</a> 1972<br /><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_de_Russie" title="Académie des sciences de Russie">Académie des sciences de Russie</a><br />Astéroïde <a href="/wiki/(2849)_Shklovskij" title="(2849) Shklovskij">(2849) Shklovskij</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#DADAFF;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Scientifique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Iossif Samouïlovitch Chklovski</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Ukrainien" title="Ukrainien">ukrainien</a> : <span class="lang-uk" lang="uk">Йосип Самуїлович Шкловський</span>; en <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a> : <span class="lang-ru" lang="ru">Иосиф Самуилович Шкловский</span>), né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1916-07-01" data-sort-value="1916-07-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juillet 1916</time>, <a href="/wiki/Hloukhiv" title="Hloukhiv">Hloukhiv</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Soumy" title="Oblast de Soumy">oblast de Soumy</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> et mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1985-03-03" data-sort-value="1985-03-03">3 mars 1985</time>, est un <a href="/wiki/Radioastronomie" title="Radioastronomie">radioastronome</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_d%27Ukraine" title="République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine">ukrainien</a> et <a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a>. Ses travaux s'articulent principalement autour des <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a>, ainsi que sur des problématiques liées à la <a href="/wiki/Vie_extraterrestre" title="Vie extraterrestre">vie extraterrestre</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travaux">Travaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Travaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Travaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domaine_des_supernovae_et_des_pulsars">Domaine des supernovae et des pulsars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Domaine des supernovae et des pulsars" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Domaine des supernovae et des pulsars"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On lui doit notamment la mise en évidence d'un mécanisme secondaire de formation des pulsars dans les <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_binaire_(astronomie)" title="Système binaire (astronomie)">systèmes binaires</a> à faible <a href="/wiki/Excentricit%C3%A9_orbitale" title="Excentricité orbitale">excentricité orbitale</a>, déduit de l'observation de <a href="/w/index.php?title=PSR_B0820%2B02&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSR B0820+02 (page inexistante)">PSR B0820+02</a>. L'existence de tels systèmes n'est pas prévue par les mécanismes usuels de formation des pulsars, basés sur l'explosion d'une supernova, qui éjecte le résidu compact (pulsar ou <a href="/wiki/Trou_noir" title="Trou noir">trou noir</a>) à grande vitesse (de l'ordre de 1000 <a href="/wiki/Kilom%C3%A8tre" title="Kilomètre">kilomètres</a> par <a href="/wiki/Seconde_(temps)" title="Seconde (temps)">seconde</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est également découvreur de l'<a href="/wiki/Effet_Chklovski" title="Effet Chklovski">effet Chklovski</a>, correspondant à la lente variation apparente de la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_rotation" title="Période de rotation">période de rotation</a> des <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsars</a> du simple fait de leur déplacement<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a également identifié la nature exacte de la source de <a href="/wiki/Rayon_X" title="Rayon X">rayons X</a> <a href="/wiki/Scorpius_X-1" title="Scorpius X-1">Scorpius X-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est également lui qui a identifié la nature du rayonnement de la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9buleuse_du_Crabe" title="Nébuleuse du Crabe">nébuleuse du Crabe</a>, à savoir une <a href="/wiki/Rayonnement_synchrotron" title="Rayonnement synchrotron">émission synchrotron</a> produite par des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">électrons</a> <a href="/wiki/Relativiste" title="Relativiste">ultrarelativistes</a> se déplaçant le long des lignes du <a href="/wiki/Champ_magn%C3%A9tique" title="Champ magnétique">champ magnétique</a> du pulsar central<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il a travaillé à l'<a href="/wiki/Observatoire_d%27astrophysique_de_Crim%C3%A9e" title="Observatoire d'astrophysique de Crimée">observatoire d'astrophysique de Crimée</a>. Son confrère <a href="/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Tchernykh" title="Nikolaï Tchernykh">Nikolaï Tchernykh</a> a nommé en son honneur l'<a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde" title="Astéroïde">astéroïde</a> <a href="/wiki/(2849)_Shklovskij" title="(2849) Shklovskij">(2849) Shklovskij</a>, découvert le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1976-04-01" data-sort-value="1976-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 1976</time>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domaine_de_la_vie_extraterrestre">Domaine de la vie extraterrestre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Domaine de la vie extraterrestre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Domaine de la vie extraterrestre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vers 1958, Iossif Chklovski connut une notoriété mondiale en suggérant que le <a href="/wiki/Satellites_naturels_de_Mars" title="Satellites naturels de Mars">satellite de mars</a> <a href="/wiki/Phobos_(lune)" title="Phobos (lune)">Phobos</a> pourrait être une structure artificielle. Son argumentation<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> reposait sur l'observation d'un léger freinage du mouvement orbital de Phobos qui aurait impliqué que celui-ci était creux, chose impossible pour un objet naturel. Chklovski proposa comme modèle une sphère d'acier creuse de 16 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de diamètre et de moins de 6 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> d'épaisseur<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et son hypothèse fut relayée à travers le monde, par exemple dans le journal <i>Astronautics</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> par <a href="/wiki/Fred_Singer" title="Fred Singer">Fred Singer</a>, conseiller scientifique du président des États-Unis <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>. Cependant, objet de controverse dès 1963<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ce modèle fut abandonné à la fin des années 1960<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les observations ultérieures de Phobos par des <a href="/wiki/Sonde_spatiale" title="Sonde spatiale">sondes spatiales</a> ne firent que confirmer le caractère irréaliste de cette théorie. </p><p>Collaborateur de <a href="/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Kardachev" title="Nikolaï Kardachev">Nikolaï Kardachev</a> et de sa fameuse <a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Kardashev" class="mw-redirect" title="Échelle de Kardashev"><i>échelle</i></a>, Iossif Chklovski a participé à l'<i>écoute</i> de très larges portions de l'univers dans les années 1960 et 70. </p><p>Il est aussi célèbre pour une prise de position à rapprocher du <a href="/wiki/Paradoxe_de_Fermi" title="Paradoxe de Fermi">Paradoxe de Fermi</a>. Selon l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Kardashev" class="mw-redirect" title="Échelle de Kardashev">échelle de Kardachev</a>, une civilisation de <i>Type III</i> est une civilisation qui aurait à sa disposition et qui maîtriserait pour sa consommation d'énergie une puissance d'au moins 10<sup>36</sup> W, soit la totalité de l'énergie disponible dans la galaxie où elle réside. D'après Chklovski, si elle existe, une telle civilisation devrait <i>rayonner</i> une quantité très importante d'énergie, soit par l'émission de « fuites » involontaires ou par l'émission intentionnelle de messages. La quantité d'énergie diffusée à l'occasion de ces émissions serait telle que les Terriens, pourtant pas encore parvenus au <a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Kardashev" class="mw-redirect" title="Échelle de Kardashev">stade de civilisation de <i>Type I</i> de l'Échelle de Kardachev</a>, avec la technologie dont ils disposent depuis les années 1960, seraient néanmoins en mesure d'en intercepter. Constatant l'absence de telles interceptions, Chklovski, quelque peu désabusé, a conclu au suicide obligé d'une super-civilisation de <i>Type III</i>. Iossif Chklovski est enfin célèbre pour avoir coécrit un livre avec <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>, <i>Intelligent Life in the Universe</i> (1966). </p><p>Il est décédé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1985-03-03" data-sort-value="1985-03-03">3 mars 1985</time> à <a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> et enterré au <a href="/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re_Vostriakovo" title="Cimetière Vostriakovo">cimetière Vostriakovo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Publications" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><i>Cosmic Radio Waves</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1960.</li> <li><i>Physics of the Solar Corona</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 1965.</li> <li><i>Intelligent Life in the Universe</i>, avec <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holden_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holden Day (page inexistante)">Holden Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, 1966, réédition 1998, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-892803-02-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-892803-02-X"><span class="nowrap">1-892803-02-X</span></a>)</small></li> <li><i>Supernovae</i>, <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 1968.</li> <li><i>Stars: Their Birth, Life, Death</i>, <a href="/wiki/W._H._Freeman" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Freeman">W. H. Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, 1978, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7167-0024-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7167-0024-7"><span class="nowrap">0-7167-0024-7</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><i>Five Billion Vodka Bottles to the Moon: Tales of a Soviet Scientist</i>, avec <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Fleming_Zirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Fleming Zirin (page inexistante)">Mary Fleming Zirin</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Zirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Zirin (page inexistante)">Harold Zirin</a> <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>, 1991.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">I. S. Shklovski, <i>PSR0820+02 - the Stellar Remnant of a Silent Collapse</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Astronomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Astronomy (page inexistante)">Soviet Astronomy</a></i>, <b>24</b>, 515 (1980) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980SvA....24..515S">Voir en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">I. S. Shklovski, <i>Possible causes of secular increase in pulsar period</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Astronomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Astronomy (page inexistante)">Soviet Astronomy</a></i>, <b>13</b>, 562 (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970SvA....13..562S">Voir en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">I. S. Shklovski, <i>On the Nature of the Source of X-Ray Emission of SCO XR-1</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>, <b>148</b>, L1-L4 (1967) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ApJ...148L...1S">Voir en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">I. S. Shklovski, <i>Pulsar NP 0532 and the Injection of Relativistic Particles into the Crab Nebula</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a></i>, <b>159</b>, L77-L80 (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970ApJ...159L..77S">Voir en ligne</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shklovsky1962"><span class="ouvrage" id="I._S._Shklovsky1962">I. S. Shklovsky, <cite class="italique">The Universe, Life, and Mind</cite>, Académie des Sciences de l'URSS, <time>1962</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Universe%2C+Life%2C+and+Mind&rft.pub=Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Sciences+de+l%27URSS&rft.aulast=Shklovsky&rft.aufirst=I.+S.&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AIossif+Chklovski"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="—1964"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">—</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">News and Comments: Phobos, Nature of Acceleration</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Irish Astronomical Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1964-09" data-sort-value="1964-09">septembre 1964</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">281-283</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1964IrAJ....6..281.">résumé</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=News+and+Comments%3A+Phobos%2C+Nature+of+Acceleration&rft.jtitle=Irish+Astronomical+Journal&rft.aulast=%E2%80%94&rft.date=1964-09&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=281-283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AIossif+Chklovski"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Singer1960"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._F._Singer1960">S. F. <span class="nom_auteur">Singer</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Mars May have Orbiting Space Base, says White House Advisor</cite> », <i>Astronautics</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-02" data-sort-value="1960-02">février 1960</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mars+May+have+Orbiting+Space+Base%2C+says+White+House+Advisor&rft.jtitle=Astronautics&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=S.+F.&rft.date=1960-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AIossif+Chklovski"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">News and Comments: Phobos, Nature of Acceleration</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Irish Astronomical Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-03" data-sort-value="1963-03">mars 1963</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 40 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963IrAJ....6R..40.">1963IrAJ....6R..40.</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=News+and+Comments%3A+Phobos%2C+Nature+of+Acceleration&rft.jtitle=Irish+Astronomical+Journal&rft.date=1963-03&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AIossif+Chklovski"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Singer,_S._F.1967"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Singer, S. F.</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">On the Origin of the Martian Satellites Phobos and Deimos</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Moon and Planets, A Session of the Seventh International Space Science Symposium held 10-18 May, 1966 in Vienna</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> {{{4}}},‎ <time>1967</time>, {{{5}}} <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1967mopl.conf..317S">résumé</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+Origin+of+the+Martian+Satellites+Phobos+and+Deimos&rft.jtitle=Moon+and+Planets%2C+A+Session+of+the+Seventh+International+Space+Science+Symposium+held+10-18+May%2C+1966+in+Vienna&rft.aulast=Singer%2C+S.+F.&rft.date=1967&rft.volume=%7B%7B%7B4%7D%7D%7D&rft.pages=%7B%7B%7B5%7D%7D%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AIossif+Chklovski"></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Kardashev" class="mw-redirect" title="Échelle de Kardashev">Échelle de Kardashev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effet_Shklovski" class="mw-redirect" title="Effet Shklovski">Effet Shklovski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iossif_Chklovski&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93909?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277225605171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2097005953">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90187685">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/mzk2005279397">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=85969">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000155494">Lettonie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.87273">Grèce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n83-828206">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?db_key=AST&db_key=PRE&qform=AST&sim_query=YES&ned_query=YES&aut_logic=OR&obj_logic=OR&author=Shklovski%2C+I%0D%0A&object=&start_mon=&start_year=&end_mon=&end_year=&ttl_logic=OR&title=&txt_logic=OR&text=&nr_to_return=100&start_nr=1&jou_pick=ALL&ref_stems=&data_and=ALL&group_and=ALL&start_entry_day=&start_entry_mon=&start_entry_year=&end_entry_day=&end_entry_mon=&end_entry_year=&min_score=&sort=SCORE&data_type=SHORT&aut_syn=YES&ttl_syn=YES&txt_syn=YES&aut_wt=1.0&obj_wt=1.0&ttl_wt=0.3&txt_wt=3.0&aut_wgt=YES&obj_wgt=YES&ttl_wgt=YES&txt_wgt=YES&ttl_sco=YES&txt_sco=YES&version=1">Publications de I. S. Shklovski</a>, sur la base de données <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics_Data_System" title="Astrophysics Data System">Astrophysics Data System</a>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/Shklovskii/Shklovskii.html">Courte biographie</a> sur le site <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Bruce Medalists</span></i> de l’<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific" title="Astronomical Society of the Pacific">Astronomical Society of the Pacific</a></span></i> (la page affiche en plus une photo du lauréat et propose plusieurs liens web)</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône 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