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id="toc-Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Student years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_healing_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_healing_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marriage and healing work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_healing_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occultism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occultism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Occultism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occultism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Final years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_The_Prophecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_The_Prophecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origins of <i>The Prophecies</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_The_Prophecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content_of_the_quatrains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_of_the_quatrains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Content of the quatrains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content_of_the_quatrains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Popular claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_rebuttal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_rebuttal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Scholarly rebuttal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_rebuttal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nostradamus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نوستراداموس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوستراداموس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نوستراداموس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوستراداموس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8" title="নসট্রাদামুস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নসট্রাদামুস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Настрадамус – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Настрадамус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Настрадамус – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Настрадамус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Νοστράδαμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νοστράδαμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نوستراداموس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوستراداموس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%A4%EB%AC%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="노스트라다무스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노스트라다무스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Միշել Նոստրադամուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միշել Նոստրադամուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8" title="नास्त्रेदमस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नास्त्रेदमस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1" title="נוסטרדמוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוסטרדמוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಾಸ್ಟ್ರ ಡಮಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಸ್ಟ್ರ ಡಮಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ნოსტრადამუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოსტრადამუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Nostradamus" title="Michael Nostradamus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradams" title="Nostradams – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nostradams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamas" title="Nostradamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nostradamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നോസ്ട്രഡാമസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോസ്ട്രഡാമസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نوستراداموس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوستراداموس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نوستراداموس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نوستراداموس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="နော်စတာဒါမတ်စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နော်စတာဒါမတ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Nostredame" title="Michel de Nostredame – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Michel de Nostredame" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8" title="नास्त्रेदमस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नास्त्रेदमस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9" title="ノストラダムス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノストラダムス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miqu%C3%A8l_de_N%C3%B2stra_Dama" title="Miquèl de Nòstra Dama – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Miquèl de Nòstra Dama" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਨਾਸਟਰਡਾਮਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਸਟਰਡਾਮਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3" title="نوسٹرا ڈیمس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوسٹرا ڈیمس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Nostredame" title="Michel de Nostredame – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Michel de Nostredame" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamusi" title="Nostradamusi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nostradamusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A" title="මිචෙල් ඩි නොස්ට්‍රෙඩමේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිචෙල් ඩි නොස්ට්‍රෙඩමේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3" title="نۆسترادامۆس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نۆسترادامۆس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="நோஸ்ராடாமஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோஸ்ராடாமஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="నోస్ట్రడామస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నోస్ట్రడామస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="นอสตราดามุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นอสตราดามุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нострадамус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нострадамус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3" title="نوسٹرا ڈیمس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوسٹرا ڈیمس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nostradamus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="诺斯特拉达姆士 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺斯特拉达姆士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%BD%8A%E6%93%94%E7%91%AA%E5%A3%AB" title="諾齊擔瑪士 – 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nostradamus (disambiguation)">Nostradamus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michel de Nostredame</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg/220px-Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg/330px-Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg/440px-Nostradamus_by_Cesar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9sar_de_Nostredame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="César de Nostredame (page does not exist)">César</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_de_Nostredame" class="extiw" title="fr:César de Nostredame">fr</a>]</span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1614</span>, nearly fifty years after his death</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">14 or <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1503-12-21</span>)</span>21 December 1503<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 or 2 July 1566<span style="display:none">(1566-07-02)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence" title="Salon-de-Provence">Salon-de-Provence</a>, Provence, Kingdom of France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a></li> <li>author</li> <li>translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological consultant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a>, treating <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Proph%C3%A9ties" title="Les Prophéties">Les Prophéties</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg/150px-Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg/225px-Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg/300px-Signature_of_Nostradamus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="66" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michel de Nostredame</b> (December 1503 – July 1566<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), usually <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinised</a> as <b>Nostradamus</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a French <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrologer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, and reputed <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">seer</a>, who is best known for his book <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Proph%C3%A9ties" title="Les Prophéties">Les Prophéties</a></i> (published in 1555), a collection of 942<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poetic <a href="/wiki/Quatrain" title="Quatrain">quatrains</a> allegedly predicting future events. </p><p>Nostradamus's father's family had originally been Jewish, but had converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Christianity">Catholic Christianity</a> a generation before Nostradamus was born. He studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Avignon" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Avignon">University of Avignon</a>, but was forced to leave after just over a year when the university closed due to an outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">plague</a>. He worked as an <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a> for several years before entering the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">University of Montpellier</a>, hoping to earn a doctorate, but was almost immediately expelled after his work as an apothecary (a manual trade forbidden by university statutes) was discovered. He first married in 1531, but his wife and two children died in 1534 during another plague outbreak. He worked against the plague alongside other doctors before remarrying to Anne Ponsarde, with whom he had six children. He wrote an <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanac</a> for 1550 and, as a result of its success, continued writing them for future years as he began working as an <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrologer</a> for various wealthy patrons. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a> became one of his foremost supporters. His <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Proph%C3%A9ties" title="Les Prophéties">Les Prophéties</a></i>, published in 1555, relied heavily on historical and literary <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a>, and initially received mixed reception. He suffered from severe <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a> toward the end of his life, which eventually developed into <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a>. He died on 1 or 2 July 1566. Many popular authors have retold <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocryphal</a> legends about his life. </p><p>In the years since the publication of his <i>Les Prophéties</i>, Nostradamus has attracted many supporters, who, along with some of the popular press, credit him with having accurately predicted many major world events.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenazra1990_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenazra1990-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic sources reject the notion that Nostradamus had any genuine supernatural prophetic abilities and maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are the result of (sometimes deliberate) misinterpretations or mistranslations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003150–152_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003150–152-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These academics also argue that Nostradamus's predictions are characteristically vague, meaning they could be applied to virtually anything, and are useless for determining whether their author had any real prophetic powers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg/200px-Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg/300px-Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg/400px-Nostradamus_birthplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Nostradamus's claimed birthplace, <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>, photographed in 1997</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus-plaque.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Nostradamus-plaque.gif" decoding="async" width="199" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="132" /></a><figcaption>Municipal plaque on the claimed birthplace of Nostradamus in St-Rémy, France, describing him as an 'astrologer' and giving his birth-date as 14 December 1503 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Nostradamus was born on either 14 or 21 December 1503 in <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, France,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199324-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where his claimed birthplace still exists, and baptized Michel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199324-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of at least nine children of notary Jaume (or Jacques) de Nostredame and Reynière, granddaughter of Pierre de Saint-Rémy who worked as a physician in Saint-Rémy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199324-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaume's family had originally been <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a>, but his father, Cresquas, a grain and money dealer based in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, had converted to Catholicism around 1459–60, taking the Christian name "Pierre" and the surname "Nostredame" (Our Lady), the saint on whose day his conversion was solemnised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199324-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest ancestor who can be identified on the paternal side is Astruge of <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, who died about 1420. Michel's known siblings included Delphine, Jean (c. 1507–1577), Pierre, Hector, Louis, Bertrand, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Nostredame" title="Jean de Nostredame">Jean II</a> (born 1522) and Antoine (born 1523).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003143–146_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003143–146-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199332–51_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199332–51-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier199924–25_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier199924–25-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little else is known about his childhood, although there is a persistent tradition that he was educated by his maternal great-grandfather Jean de St. Rémy<sup id="cite_ref-ref4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a tradition which is somewhat undermined by the fact that the latter disappears from the historical record after 1504 when the child was only one year old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993545_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993545-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_years">Student years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Student years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of 14,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nostradamus entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Avignon" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Avignon">University of Avignon</a> to study for his <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalaureate</a>. After little more than a year (when he would have studied the regular <a href="/wiki/Trivium_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivium (education)"><i>trivium</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> rather than the more advanced <i><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">quadrivium</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>), he was forced to leave Avignon when the university closed its doors during an outbreak of the plague. After leaving Avignon, Nostradamus, by his own account, traveled the countryside for eight years from 1521 researching herbal remedies. In 1529, after some years as an <a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">apothecary</a>, he entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montpellier" title="University of Montpellier">University of Montpellier</a> to study for a doctorate in medicine. He was expelled shortly afterwards by the student <i>procurator</i>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rondelet" title="Guillaume Rondelet">Guillaume Rondelet</a>, when it was discovered that he had been an apothecary, a "manual trade" expressly banned by the university statutes, and had been slandering doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201048–49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201048–49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expulsion document, <i>BIU Montpellier, Register S 2 folio 87</i>, still exists in the faculty library.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier20032_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier20032-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his publishers and correspondents would later call him "Doctor". After his expulsion, Nostradamus continued working, presumably still as an apothecary, and became famous for creating a "rose pill" that purportedly protected against the plague.<sup id="cite_ref-ref6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_healing_work">Marriage and healing work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage and healing work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg/200px-Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg/300px-Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg/400px-Nostradamuss_house_at_Salon-de-Provence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Nostradamus's house at <a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence" title="Salon-de-Provence">Salon-de-Provence</a>, as reconstructed after the <a href="/wiki/1909_Provence_earthquake" title="1909 Provence earthquake">1909 Provence earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1531 Nostradamus was invited by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger" title="Julius Caesar Scaliger">Jules-César Scaliger</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">Renaissance scholar</a>, to come to <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199360–91_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199360–91-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he married a woman of uncertain name (possibly Henriette d'Encausse), with whom he had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199361_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199361-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1534 his wife and children died, presumably from the plague. After their deaths, he continued to travel, passing through France and possibly Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199362–71_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199362–71-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On his return in 1545, he assisted the prominent physician <a href="/wiki/Louis_Serre_(physician)" title="Louis Serre (physician)">Louis Serre</a> in his fight against a major plague outbreak in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, and then tackled further outbreaks of disease on his own in Salon-de-Provence and in the regional capital, <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>. Finally, in 1547, he settled in <a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence" title="Salon-de-Provence">Salon-de-Provence</a> in the house which exists today, where he married a rich widow named Anne Ponsarde, with whom he had six children—three daughters and three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993110–133_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993110–133-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1556 and 1567 he and his wife acquired a one-thirteenth share in a huge canal project, organised by <a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Craponne" title="Adam de Craponne">Adam de Craponne</a>, to create the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Craponne" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Craponne">Canal de Craponne</a> to irrigate the largely waterless Salon-de-Provence and the nearby Désert de la <a href="/wiki/Crau" title="Crau">Crau</a> from the river <a href="/wiki/Durance" title="Durance">Durance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993130,_132,_369_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993130,_132,_369-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occultism">Occultism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Occultism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After another visit to Italy, Nostradamus began to move away from medicine and toward the "occult". Following popular trends, he wrote an <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanac</a> for 1550, for the first time in print Latinising his name to Nostradamus. He was so encouraged by the almanac's success that he decided to write one or more annually. Taken together, they are known to have contained at least 6,338 prophecies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023–25_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023–25-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as at least eleven annual calendars, all of them starting on 1 January and not, as is sometimes supposed, in March. It was mainly in response to the almanacs that the nobility and other prominent people from far away soon started asking for horoscopes and "psychic" advice from him, though he generally expected his clients to supply the birth charts on which these would be based, rather than calculating them himself as a professional astrologer would have done. When obliged to attempt this himself on the basis of the published tables of the day, he frequently made errors and failed to adjust the figures for his clients' place or time of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201059–64_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201059–64-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993326–399_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993326–399-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruber2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He then began his project of writing a book of one thousand mainly French quatrains, which constitute the largely undated prophecies for which he is most famous today. Feeling vulnerable to opposition on religious grounds,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003125_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003125-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he devised a method of obscuring his meaning by using "<a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgilianised</a>" syntax, word games and a mixture of other languages such as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>, Italian, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200399–100_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200399–100-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For technical reasons connected with their publication in three instalments (the publisher of the third and last instalment seems to have been unwilling to start it in the middle of a "Century," or book of 100 verses), the last fifty-eight quatrains of the seventh "Century" have not survived in any extant edition. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg/220px-Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg/330px-Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Nostradamus_CI_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>Century I, Quatrain 1 in the 1555 Lyon Bonhomme edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The quatrains, published in a book titled <i>Les Prophéties</i> (The Prophecies), received a mixed reaction when they were published. Some people thought Nostradamus was a servant of evil, a fake, or insane, while many of the elite evidently thought otherwise. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a>, wife of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a>, was one of Nostradamus's greatest admirers. After reading his almanacs for 1555, which hinted at unnamed threats to the royal family, she summoned him to Paris to explain them and to draw up horoscopes for her children. At the time, he feared that he would be beheaded,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199383_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199383-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by the time of his death in 1566, Queen Catherine had made him Counselor and Physician-in-Ordinary to her son, the young King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a>. </p><p>Some accounts of Nostradamus's life state that he was afraid of being persecuted for <a href="/wiki/Christian_heresy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian heresy">heresy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, but neither <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> fell in this bracket, and he would have been in danger only if he had practised <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a> to support them. In 1538 he came into conflict with the Church in Agen after an Inquisitor visited the area looking for <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholic</a> views.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson2014_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brief imprisonment at Marignane in late 1561 was because he had violated a recent royal decree by publishing his 1562 almanac without the prior permission of a bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003124_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003124-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_and_death">Final years and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg/220px-Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg/330px-Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Nostradamus_epitaph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>Nostradamus's current tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence#Collégiale_Saint_Laurent" title="Salon-de-Provence">Collégiale Saint-Laurent</a> in Salon-de-Provence in the south of France, into which his scattered remains were transferred after 1789</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg/220px-140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg/330px-140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg/440px-140609-Salon-Nostradamus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Nostradamus statue in Salon-de-Provence</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1566, Nostradamus' <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, which had plagued him painfully for many years and made movement very difficult, turned into <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a>. In late June he summoned his lawyer to draw up an extensive will bequeathing his property plus 3,444 crowns (around US$300,000 today), minus a few debts, to his wife pending her remarriage, in trust for her sons pending their twenty-fifth birthdays and her daughters pending their marriages. This was followed by a much shorter <a href="/wiki/Codicil_(will)" title="Codicil (will)">codicil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993102–106_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993102–106-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the evening of 1 July, he is alleged to have told his secretary Jean de Chavigny, "You will not find me alive at sunrise." The next morning he was reportedly found dead, lying on the floor next to his bed and a bench (Presage 141 [originally 152] <i>for November 1567</i>, as posthumously edited by Chavigny to fit what happened).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003137_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003137-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the local Franciscan chapel in Salon (part of it now incorporated into the restaurant <i>La Brocherie</i>) but re-interred during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> in the Collégiale Saint-Laurent, where his tomb remains to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg/220px-Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg/330px-Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg/440px-Nostradamus_prophecies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>Copy of <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_de_Garenci%C3%A8res" title="Theophilus de Garencières">Garencières</a>' 1672 English translation of the <i>Prophecies</i>, located in The P.I. Nixon Medical History Library of The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Health_Science_Center_at_San_Antonio" title="University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio">University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>The Prophecies</i> Nostradamus compiled his collection of major, long-term predictions. The first installment was published in 1555 and contained 353 <a href="/wiki/Quatrain" title="Quatrain">quatrains</a>. The third edition, with three hundred new quatrains, was reportedly printed in 1558, but now survives as only part of the omnibus edition that was published after his death in 1568. This version contains one unrhymed and 941 rhymed quatrains, grouped into nine sets of 100 and one of 42, called "Centuries". </p><p>Given printing practices at the time (which included type-setting from dictation), no two editions turned out to be identical, and it is relatively rare to find even two copies that are exactly the same. Certainly there is no warrant for assuming—as would-be "code-breakers" are prone to do—that either the spellings or the punctuation of any edition are Nostradamus's originals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Almanacs</i>, by far the most popular of his works,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199322–33_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199322–33-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were published annually from 1550 until his death. He often published two or three in a year, entitled either <i>Almanachs</i> (detailed predictions), <i>Prognostications</i> or <i>Presages</i> (more generalised predictions). </p><p>Nostradamus was not only a <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">diviner</a>, but a professional healer. It is known that he wrote at least two books on medical science. One was an extremely free translation (or rather a paraphrase) of <i>The Protreptic</i> of <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a> (<i>Paraphrase de C. GALIEN, sus l'Exhortation de Menodote aux estudes des bonnes Artz, mesmement Medicine</i>), and in his so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_des_fardemens" title="Traité des fardemens">Traité des fardemens</a></i> (basically a medical cookbook containing, once again, materials borrowed mainly from others), he included a description of the methods he used to treat the plague, including bloodletting, none of which apparently worked.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same book also describes the preparation of cosmetics. </p><p>A manuscript normally known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Orus_Apollo" title="Orus Apollo">Orus Apollo</a></i> also exists in the <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> municipal library, where upwards of 2,000 original documents relating to Nostradamus are stored under the aegis of Michel Chomarat. It is a purported translation of an ancient Greek work on <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> based on later Latin versions, all of them unfortunately ignorant of the true meanings of the ancient Egyptian script, which was not correctly deciphered until <a href="/wiki/Champollion" class="mw-redirect" title="Champollion">Champollion</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003183_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003183-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since his death, only the <i>Prophecies</i> have continued to be popular, but in this case they have been quite extraordinarily so. Over two hundred editions of them have appeared in that time, together with over 2,000 commentaries. Their <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_in_popular_culture" title="Nostradamus in popular culture">persistence in popular culture</a> seems to be partly because their vagueness and lack of dating make it easy to quote them selectively after every major dramatic event and retrospectively claim them as "hits".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–145_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–145-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_The_Prophecies">Origins of <i>The Prophecies</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origins of The Prophecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res,_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_(Robert_Chambers,_p.12,_1832)_-_Copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg/220px-Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg/330px-Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg/440px-Dr._Garenci%C3%A8res%2C_the_Translator_of_Nostradamus_%28Robert_Chambers%2C_p.12%2C_1832%29_-_Copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="913" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_de_Garenci%C3%A8res" title="Theophilus de Garencières">Theophilus de Garencières</a>, the first English translator of the <i>Prophecies</i><sup id="cite_ref-Chambers_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chambers-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nostradamus claimed to base his published predictions on <a href="/wiki/Judicial_astrology" title="Judicial astrology">judicial astrology</a>—the astrological 'judgment', or assessment, of the 'quality' (and thus potential) of events such as births, weddings, coronations etc.—but was heavily criticised by professional astrologers of the day such as Laurens Videl<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003236_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003236-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for incompetence and for assuming that "comparative horoscopy" (the comparison of future planetary configurations with those accompanying known past events) could actually predict what would happen in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199370–76_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199370–76-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research suggests that much of his prophetic work paraphrases collections of ancient <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">end-of-the-world</a> prophecies (mainly Bible-based), supplemented with references to historical events and anthologies of <a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">omen</a> reports, and then projects those into the future in part with the aid of comparative horoscopy. Hence the many predictions involving ancient figures such as <a href="/wiki/Sulla" title="Sulla">Sulla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marius" title="Gaius Marius">Gaius Marius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, and others, as well as his descriptions of "battles in the clouds" and "frogs falling from the sky".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003b''passim''_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003b''passim''-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astrology itself is mentioned only twice in Nostradamus's <i>Preface</i> and 41 times in the <i>Centuries</i> themselves, but more frequently in his dedicatory <i><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_King_Henry_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter to King Henry II">Letter to King Henry II</a></i>. In the last quatrain of his sixth <i>century</i> he specifically attacks astrologers. </p><p>His historical sources include easily identifiable passages from <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars" title="The Twelve Caesars">The Twelve Caesars</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> and other classical historians, as well as from medieval chroniclers such as <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Villehardouin" title="Geoffrey of Villehardouin">Geoffrey of Villehardouin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Froissart" title="Jean Froissart">Jean Froissart</a>. Many of his astrological references are taken almost word for word from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roussat" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Roussat">Richard Roussat</a>'s <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Livre de l'estat et mutations des temps</i></span></i> of 1549–50. </p><p>One of his major prophetic sources was evidently the <i><a href="/wiki/Mirabilis_Liber" title="Mirabilis Liber">Mirabilis Liber</a></i> of 1522, which contained a range of prophecies by <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Pseudo-Methodius" title="Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius">Pseudo-Methodius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tiburtine_Sibyl" title="Tiburtine Sibyl">Tiburtine Sibyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savonarola" title="Savonarola">Savonarola</a> and others (his <i>Preface</i> contains 24 biblical quotations, all but two in the order used by Savonarola). This book had enjoyed considerable success in the 1520s, when it went through half a dozen editions, but did not sustain its influence, perhaps owing to its mostly Latin text (mixed with ancient Greek and modern French and Provençal),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gothic script and many difficult abbreviations. Nostradamus was one of the first to re-paraphrase these prophecies in French, which may explain why they are credited to him. Modern views of plagiarism did not apply in the 16th century; authors frequently copied and paraphrased passages without acknowledgement, especially from the classics. The latest research suggests that he may in fact have used <a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">bibliomancy</a> for this—randomly selecting a book of history or prophecy and taking his cue from whatever page it happened to fall open at.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further material was gleaned from the <i>De honesta disciplina</i> of 1504 by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Crinitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Crinitus">Petrus Crinitus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993100,_233–235_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993100,_233–235-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included extracts from <a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a>'s <i>De daemonibus</i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/De_Mysteriis_Aegyptiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum">De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum</a></i> (<i>Concerning the mysteries of Egypt</i>), a book on <a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> magic by <a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a>, a 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neo-Platonist</a>. Latin versions of both had recently been published in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, and extracts from both are paraphrased (in the second case almost literally) in his first two verses, the first of which is appended to this article. While it is true that Nostradamus claimed in 1555 to have burned all of the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> works in his library, no one can say exactly what books were destroyed in this fire. </p><p>Only in the 17th century did people start to notice his reliance on earlier, mainly classical sources.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nostradamus's reliance on historical precedent is reflected in the fact that he explicitly rejected the label "prophet" (i.e. a person having prophetic powers of his own) on several occasions:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Although, my son, I have used the word <i>prophet</i>, I would not attribute to myself a title of such lofty sublimity.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Preface to César</i>, 1555<sup id="cite_ref-prefces_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prefces-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Not that I would attribute to myself either the name or the role of a prophet.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Preface to César</i>, 1555<sup id="cite_ref-prefces_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prefces-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[S]ome of [the prophets] predicted great and marvelous things to come: [though] for me, I in no way attribute to myself such a title here.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Letter to King Henry II</i>, 1558<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Not that I am foolish enough to claim to be a prophet.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Open letter to Privy Councillor (later Chancellor) Birague, 15 June 1566<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Npix4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Npix4.jpg/220px-Npix4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Npix4.jpg/330px-Npix4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Npix4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Detail from title-page of the original 1555 (Albi) edition of Nostradamus's <i>Les Prophéties</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Given this reliance on literary sources, it is unlikely that Nostradamus used any particular methods for entering a <a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">trance state</a>, other than <a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">contemplation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incubation_(ritual)" title="Incubation (ritual)">incubation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200398_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200398-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sole description of this process is contained in 'letter 41' of his collected Latin correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200341,_225–229_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200341,_225–229-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popular legend that he attempted the ancient methods of flame gazing, water gazing or both simultaneously is based on a naive reading of his first two verses, which merely liken his efforts to those of the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_of_Delphi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle of Delphi">Delphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Branchidic</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracles</a>. The first of these is reproduced at the bottom of this article and the second can be seen by visiting the relevant facsimile site (see External Links). In his dedication to King Henry II, Nostradamus describes "emptying my soul, mind and heart of all care, worry and unease through mental calm and tranquility", but his frequent references to the "bronze tripod" of the <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphic</a> rite are usually preceded by the words "as though" (compare, once again, External References to the original texts). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_of_the_quatrains">Content of the quatrains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Content of the quatrains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the quatrains deal with disasters, such as plagues, earthquakes, wars, floods, invasions, murders, droughts, and battles—all undated and based on foreshadowings by the <i><a href="/wiki/Mirabilis_Liber" title="Mirabilis Liber">Mirabilis Liber</a></i>. Some quatrains cover these disasters in overall terms; others concern a single person or small group of people. Some cover a single town, others several towns in several countries.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major, underlying theme is an impending invasion of Europe by Muslim forces from farther east and south headed by the expected <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>, directly reflecting the then-current <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe#Growth_(1453–1683)" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman invasions</a> and the earlier <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> equivalents, as well as the prior expectations of the <i>Mirabilis Liber</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003xii–xviii_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003xii–xviii-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of this is presented in the context of the supposedly imminent end of the world—even though this is not in fact mentioned<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a conviction that sparked numerous collections of <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">end-time prophecies</a> at the time, including an unpublished collection by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatts198573–102_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts198573–102-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Views on Nostradamus have varied widely throughout history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic views, such as those of Jacques Halbronn, regard Nostradamus's <i>Prophecies</i> as antedated forgeries written by later authors for political reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_claims">Popular claims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Popular claims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Fire_of_London,_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG/112px-The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG/168px-The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG/224px-The_Great_Fire_of_London%2C_with_Ludgate_and_Old_St._Paul%27s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/112px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" decoding="async" width="112" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/168px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/224px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/112px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/168px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/224px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774%2C_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiroshima_10km.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hiroshima_10km.jpg/112px-Hiroshima_10km.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hiroshima_10km.jpg/168px-Hiroshima_10km.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hiroshima_10km.jpg/224px-Hiroshima_10km.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="857" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:230px;max-width:230px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:304px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg/228px-September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg/342px-September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg/456px-September_11_2001_just_collapsed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1733" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Nostradamus's supporters have retrospectively claimed that he predicted major world events, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire of London</a>, the French Revolution, the rises of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruber2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Many of Nostradamus's supporters believe his prophecies are genuine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the subjective nature of these interpretations, no two of them completely agree on what Nostradamus predicted, whether for the past or for the future.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many supporters do agree, for example, that he predicted the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire of London</a>, the French Revolution, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201036_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201036-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">the nuclear destruction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagasaki, Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruber2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular authors frequently claim that he predicted whatever major event had just happened at the time of each of their books' publication, such as the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo Moon landing</a> in 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales#Death" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">death of Diana, Princess of Wales</a> in 1997, and the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruber2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chal_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chal-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This 'movable feast' aspect appears to be characteristic of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Possibly the first of these books to become popular in English was Henry C. Roberts' <i>The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus</i> of 1947, reprinted at least seven times during the next forty years, which contained both transcriptions and translations, with brief commentaries. This was followed in 1961 (reprinted in 1982) by Edgar Leoni's <i>Nostradamus and His Prophecies</i>. After that came <a href="/wiki/Erika_Cheetham" title="Erika Cheetham">Erika Cheetham</a>'s <i>The Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>, incorporating a reprint of the posthumous 1568 edition, which was reprinted, revised and republished several times from 1973 onwards, latterly as <i>The Final Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>. This served as the basis for the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Saw_Tomorrow" title="The Man Who Saw Tomorrow">The Man Who Saw Tomorrow</a></i> and both did indeed mention possible generalised future attacks on New York (via <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>), though not specifically on the World Trade Center or on any particular date.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A two-part translation of Jean-Charles de Fontbrune's <i>Nostradamus: historien et prophète</i> was published in 1980, and John Hogue has published a number of books on Nostradamus from about 1987, including <i>Nostradamus and the Millennium: Predictions of the Future</i>, <i>Nostradamus: The Complete Prophecies</i> (1999) and <i>Nostradamus: A Life and Myth</i> (2003). In 1992 one commentator who claimed to be able to contact Nostradamus under hypnosis even had him "interpreting" his own verse X.6 (a prediction specifically about floods in southern France around the city of Nîmes and people taking refuge in its <i>collosse</i>, or Colosseum, a Roman amphitheatre now known as the <i>Arènes</i>) as a prediction of an undated <i>attack on the Pentagon</i>, despite the historical seer's clear statement in his dedicatory letter to King Henri II that his prophecies were about Europe, North Africa and part of Asia Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003145_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003145-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the exception of Roberts, these books and their many popular imitators were almost unanimous not merely about Nostradamus's powers of prophecy but also in inventing intriguing aspects of his purported biography: that he had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of <a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a>; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of <a href="/wiki/Rene_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Rene I of Naples">Good King René</a> of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>; he had attended <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> University in 1525 to gain his first degree; after returning there in 1529, he had successfully taken his medical doctorate; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there, until his views became too unpopular; he had supported the <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentric</a> view of the universe; he had travelled to the Habsburg Netherlands, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval; in the course of his travels, he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying future Pope, <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a>, who was then only a seminary monk. He is credited with having successfully cured the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">Plague</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a> and elsewhere; he had engaged in <a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">scrying</a>, using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554; having published the first installment of his <i>Prophéties</i>, he had been summoned by Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a> to Paris in 1556 specifically in order to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I.35 that her husband <a href="/wiki/King_Henri_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King Henri II">King Henri II</a> would be killed in a duel; he had examined the royal children at <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>; he had bequeathed to his son a "lost book" of his own prophetic paintings;<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he had been buried standing up; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was first recorded by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> as early as 1667, long before the French Revolution. Pepys records in his celebrated <a href="/wiki/Diary_of_Samuel_Pepys" class="mw-redirect" title="Diary of Samuel Pepys">diary</a> a legend that, before his death, Nostradamus made the townsfolk swear that his grave would never be disturbed; but that 60 years later his body was exhumed, whereupon a brass plaque was found on his chest correctly stating the date and time when his grave would be opened and cursing the exhumers.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi">Li Hongzhi</a> claimed that the 1999 prophecy at X.72 was a prediction of the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Chinese Falun Gong persecution</a> which began in July 1999, leading to an increased interest in Nostradamus among <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a> members.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_rebuttal">Scholarly rebuttal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scholarly rebuttal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 1980s onward, an academic reaction set in, especially in France. The publication in 1983 of Nostradamus' private correspondence<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupèbe1983_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupèbe1983-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, during succeeding years, of the original editions of 1555 and 1557 discovered by Chomarat and Benazra, together with the unearthing of much original archival material<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revealed that much that was claimed about Nostradamus did not fit the documented facts. The academics<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandi1990_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandi1990-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revealed that not one of the claims just listed was backed up by any known contemporary documentary evidence. Most of them had evidently been based on unsourced rumours relayed as fact by much later commentators, such as Jaubert (1656), Guynaud (1693) and Bareste (1840); on modern misunderstandings of the 16th-century French texts; or on pure invention. Even the often-advanced suggestion that quatrain I.35 had successfully prophesied King Henry II's death did not actually appear in print for the first time until 1614, 55 years after the event.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200328–30_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200328–30-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993267_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993267-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skeptics such as <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> suggest that his reputation as a prophet is largely manufactured by modern-day supporters who fit his words to events that have either already occurred or are so imminent as to be inevitable, a process sometimes known as "retroactive clairvoyance" (<a href="/wiki/Postdiction" title="Postdiction">postdiction</a>). No Nostradamus quatrain is known to have been interpreted as predicting a specific event before it occurred, other than in vague, general terms that could equally apply to any number of other events.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This even applies to quatrains that contain specific dates, such as III.77, which predicts "in 1727, in October, the king of Persia [shall be] captured by those of Egypt"—a prophecy that has, as ever, been interpreted retrospectively in the light of later events, in this case as though it presaged the known peace treaty between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> of that year;<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egypt was also an important <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Ottoman territory</a> at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Nostradamus's notorious "1999" prophecy at X.72 (see <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_in_popular_culture" title="Nostradamus in popular culture">Nostradamus in popular culture</a>) describes no event that commentators have succeeded in identifying either before or since, other than by twisting the words to fit whichever of the many contradictory happenings they claim as "hits".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201021–22_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201021–22-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, no quatrain suggests, as is often claimed by books and films on the alleged <a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">Mayan Prophecy</a>, that the world would end in December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201041_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201041-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his preface to the <i>Prophecies</i>, Nostradamus himself stated that his prophecies extend "from now to the year 3797"<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—an extraordinary date which, given that the preface was written in 1555, may have more than a little to do with that 2242 (3797–1555) had recently been proposed by his major astrological source <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roussat" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Roussat">Richard Roussat</a> as a possible date for the end of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200353_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200353-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, scholars have pointed out that almost all English translations of Nostradamus's quatrains are of extremely poor quality: they seem to display little or no knowledge of 16th-century French, are <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">tendentious</a>, and are sometimes intentionally altered in order to make them fit whatever events to which the translator believed they were supposed to refer (or vice versa).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandi1990_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERandi1990-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2003_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2003-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of them were based on the original editions: Roberts had based his writings on that of 1672, Cheetham and Hogue on the posthumous edition of 1568. Even Leoni accepted on page 115 that he had never seen an original edition, and on earlier pages, he indicated that much of his biographical material was unsourced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoni1961115_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoni1961115-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>None of this research and criticism was originally known to most of the English-language commentators, by dint of the dates when they were writing and, to some extent, the language in which it was written.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144–148_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144–148-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hogue was in a position to take advantage of it, but it was only in 2003 that he accepted that some of his earlier biographical material had in fact been apocryphal. Meanwhile, some of the more recent sources listed (Lemesurier, Gruber, Wilson) have been particularly scathing about later attempts by some lesser-known authors and Internet enthusiasts to extract alleged hidden meanings from the texts, whether with the aid of anagrams, numerical codes, graphs or otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An additional indictment is found in a connection to Nazi propaganda. Goebbels reportedly adduced some of Nostradamus' work to be Third Reich references. This allegedly was done to make it look like the 1,000-year triumphant reign of the German people that was expected under Nazism had been prophesied by Nostradamus. In particular, a line referring to "that people which stands under the sign of the crooked cross" was added as an allusion to the German people standing under the Nazi flag with its swastika. Goebbels reportedly had that line inserted into leather bound original volumes of Nostradamus' work, volumes that were then seeded in libraries across Nazi-occupied Europe so that the line would seem credible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeissner198027_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeissner198027-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_in_popular_culture" title="Nostradamus in popular culture">Nostradamus in popular culture</a></div> <p>The prophecies retold and expanded by Nostradamus figured largely in <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> in the 20th and 21st centuries. As well as being the subject of hundreds of books (both fiction and nonfiction), Nostradamus' life has been depicted in several films and videos, and his life and writings continue to be a subject of media interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">List of astrologers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Frontenac" title="Roger Frontenac">Roger Frontenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">Apocalypse date predictions</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NOS</span>-trə-<span style="font-size:90%">DAH</span>-məs, -⁠<span style="font-size:90%">DAY</span>-</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NOHS</span>-</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The original edition of Nostradamus's <i>Les Prophéties</i> from 1555 contained only 353 quatrains. More were later added, amounting to 942 in an omnibus edition published after his death organized into ten "Centuries", each one containing one hundred quatrains, except for Century VII, which, for unknown reasons, only contains forty-two; the other fifty-eight may have been lost due to a problem during publication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="#Works">Works section</a> below.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Refer to the analysis of these charts by Brind'Amour, 1993, and compare Gruber's comprehensive critique of Nostradamus's horoscope for Crown Prince Rudolph Maximilian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous letters to the <i>Mercure de France</i> in August and November 1724 drew specific public attention to the fact (Anonyme) <i>Lettre critique sur la personne et sur les écrits de Michel Nostradamus</i>, Mercure de France, août et novembre 1724.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In several quatrains he mentions the name <i>Hister</i>, although this is the classical name for the Lower Danube, as he himself explains in his <i>Presage</i> for 1554. Similarly, the expression <i>Pau, Nay, Loron</i>—often interpreted as an anagram of "Napaulon Roy"—refers to three towns in southwestern France near his one-time home.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Actually the 13th–14th century <i><a href="/wiki/Vaticinia_de_Summis_Pontificibus" title="Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus">Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus</a></i> in a misascribed version sometimes referred to as the <i><a href="/wiki/Vaticinia_Nostradami" title="Vaticinia Nostradami">Vaticinia Nostradami</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-01-09-0401090246-story.html">"Happy birthday, Nostradamus: He knew we'd say that"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 9 January 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326145000/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-01-09-0401090246-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday%2C+Nostradamus%3A+He+knew+we%27d+say+that&rft.date=2004-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2004-01-09-0401090246-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nostradamus?showCookiePolicy=true">"Nostradamus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708134212/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nostradamus?showCookiePolicy=true">Archived</a> 8 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nostradamus">"Nostradamus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305014636/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nostradamus">Archived</a> 5 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199314,_435_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 14, 435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenazra1990-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenazra1990_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenazra1990">Benazra 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003150–152-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003150–152_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 150–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199324-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199324_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003143–146-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003143–146_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 143–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199332–51-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199332–51_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, pp. 32–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier199924–25-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier199924–25_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier1999">Lemesurier 1999</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref4_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Chavigny, J. A.: <i>La première face du Janus françois</i> (Lyon, 1594)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993545-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993545_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, p. 545.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201048–49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201048–49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier20032-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier20032_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref6-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref6_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nostradamus, Michel, <i>Traite des fardemens et des confitures</i>, 1555, 1556, 1557</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199360–91-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199360–91_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, pp. 60–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199361-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199361_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199362–71-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199362–71_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, pp. 62–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993110–133-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993110–133_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, pp. 110–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993130,_132,_369-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993130,_132,_369_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 130, 132, 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023–25-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023–25_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChevignard1999_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChevignard1999">Chevignard 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201059–64-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201059–64_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 59–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993326–399-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993326–399_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 326–399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruber2003-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruber2003_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGruber2003">Gruber 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003125-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003125_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200399–100-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200399–100_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy199383-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy199383_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson2014-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson2014_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2014" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Ian (1 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqvcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT62"><i>Nostradamus: The Man Behind the Prophecies</i></a>. St. Martin's Press. pp. 62 ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6737-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6737-6"><bdi>978-1-4668-6737-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+The+Man+Behind+the+Prophecies&rft.pages=62+ff&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6737-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqvcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003124-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003124_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993102–106-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993102–106_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>, pp. 102–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003137-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003137_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeroy1993-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeroy1993_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeroy1993">Leroy 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199322–33-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199322–33_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 22–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nostradamus (1555–57), p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003183-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003183_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–145-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–145_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chambers_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChambers1832" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Robert (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K0UJAAAAIAAJ&q=Robert+Chambers+1832"><i>The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in Connection with the Calendar, Including Anecdote, Biography, & History, Curiosities of Literature and Oddities of Human Life and Character, Volume 2</i></a>. London: W. & R. Chambers Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154907/https://books.google.com/books?id=K0UJAAAAIAAJ&q=Robert+Chambers+1832#v=snippet&q=Robert%20Chambers%201832&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Days%3A+A+Miscellany+of+Popular+Antiquities+in+Connection+with+the+Calendar%2C+Including+Anecdote%2C+Biography%2C+%26+History%2C+Curiosities+of+Literature+and+Oddities+of+Human+Life+and+Character%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+%26+R.+Chambers+Limited&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK0UJAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DRobert%2BChambers%2B1832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003236-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003236_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199370–76-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour199370–76_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 70–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003b''passim''-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003b''passim''_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003b">Lemesurier 2003b</a>, <i>passim</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrison R, Mad, bad and such an awful poet <i>The Times T2</i> 12 December 2003, pp. 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993100,_233–235-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993100,_233–235_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, pp. 100, 233–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003109_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prefces-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prefces_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prefces_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928090730/http://www.nostradamus-repository.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26:preface-to-cesar&catid=6:other&Itemid=5">"Preface to César"</a>. Nostradamus-repository.org. 24 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nostradamus-repository.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26:preface-to-cesar&catid=6:other&Itemid=5">the original</a> on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preface+to+C%C3%A9sar&rft.pub=Nostradamus-repository.org&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nostradamus-repository.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D26%3Apreface-to-cesar%26catid%3D6%3Aother%26Itemid%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727130736/http://www.nostradamus-repository.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27:letter-to-henri-ii&catid=6:other&Itemid=5">"Letter to Henri II"</a>. <i>Nostradamus-repository.org</i>. 24 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nostradamus-repository.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27:letter-to-henri-ii&catid=6:other&Itemid=5">the original</a> on 27 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nostradamus-repository.org&rft.atitle=Letter+to+Henri+II&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nostradamus-repository.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D27%3Aletter-to-henri-ii%26catid%3D6%3Aother%26Itemid%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200398-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200398_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200341,_225–229-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200341,_225–229_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 41, 225–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secret-vault.com/nostradamus/locations.html">"Locations identified by Nostradamus Prophecies"</a>. <i>The Secret Vault – Locations identified by Nostradamus Prophecies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921013540/https://www.secret-vault.com/nostradamus/locations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Secret+Vault+%E2%80%93+Locations+identified+by+Nostradamus+Prophecies&rft.atitle=Locations+identified+by+Nostradamus+Prophecies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.secret-vault.com%2Fnostradamus%2Flocations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003xii–xviii-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003xii–xviii_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. xii–xviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nostradamus, M., <i>Les Propheties</i>, 1568 omnibus edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts198573–102-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatts198573–102_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatts1985">Watts 1985</a>, pp. 73–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/nos/">"Nostradamus"</a>. <i>Internet Sacred Text Archive</i>. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301052155/http://www.sacred-texts.com/nos/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Sacred+Text+Archive&rft.atitle=Nostradamus&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fnos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003144–148_61-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 144–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201036-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201036_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chal-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chal_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924052134/http://www.maar.us/first_century_nostradamus.html">"CI, Q81"</a>. <i>Maar.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maar.us/first_century_nostradamus.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maar.us&rft.atitle=CI%2C+Q81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maar.us%2Ffirst_century_nostradamus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Cheetham, Erika, <i>The Final Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>, Futura, 1990, p. 373</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003145-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2003145_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201026–45_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 26–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1667/02/03/">"Sunday 3 February 1666/67"</a>. <i>The Diary of Samuel Pepys</i>. 3 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228103358/https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1667/02/03/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diary+of+Samuel+Pepys&rft.atitle=Sunday+3+February+1666%2F67&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pepysdiary.com%2Fdiary%2F1667%2F02%2F03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMandersonSmithTomlinson2012" class="citation book cs1">Manderson, Lenore; Smith, Wendy; Tomlinson, Matt (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YH_hg_zZQtEC&pg=PA44"><i>Flows of Faith: Religious Reach and Community in Asia and the Pacific</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9400729322" title="Special:BookSources/978-9400729322"><bdi>978-9400729322</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154842/https://books.google.com/books?id=YH_hg_zZQtEC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flows+of+Faith%3A+Religious+Reach+and+Community+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9400729322&rft.aulast=Manderson&rft.aufirst=Lenore&rft.au=Smith%2C+Wendy&rft.au=Tomlinson%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYH_hg_zZQtEC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDupèbe1983-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDupèbe1983_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDupèbe1983">Dupèbe 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERandi1990-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandi1990_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERandi1990_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRandi1990">Randi 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200328–30-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200328–30_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993267-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrind'Amour1993267_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrind'Amour1993">Brind'Amour 1993</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201023_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Cheetham, Erika, <i>The Final Prophecies of Nostradamus</i>, Futura, 1990, pp. 208–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2001" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, A. K. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HxKs-NHRgUoC&q=nostradamus+1727+ottoman+empire&pg=PA146"><i>Nostradamus and Prophecies of the Next Millennium</i></a>. Diamond Pocket Books (P). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8171820146" title="Special:BookSources/978-8171820146"><bdi>978-8171820146</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228154848/https://books.google.com/books?id=HxKs-NHRgUoC&q=nostradamus+1727+ottoman+empire&pg=PA146#v=snippet&q=nostradamus%201727%20ottoman%20empire&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus+and+Prophecies+of+the+Next+Millennium&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+%28P%29&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8171820146&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=A.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHxKs-NHRgUoC%26q%3Dnostradamus%2B1727%2Bottoman%2Bempire%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201021–22-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201021–22_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier201041-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier201041_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nostradamus (1555), Preface</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roussat, R., <i>Livre de l'etat et mutations des temps</i>, Lyon, 1550, p. 95; Brinette, B, <i>Richard Roussat: Livre de l'etat et mutations des temps, introduction et traductions, 1550</i> (undated dossier)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier200353-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier200353_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2003">Lemesurier 2003</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2003-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2003_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2003">Wilson 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeoni1961115-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeoni1961115_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeoni1961">Leoni 1961</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144–148-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemesurier2010144–148_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemesurier2010">Lemesurier 2010</a>, pp. 144–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeissner198027-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeissner198027_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeissner1980">Meissner 1980</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Nostradamus, Michel::<i>Orus Apollo</i>, 1545 (?), unpublished ms; <i>Almanachs</i>, <i>Presages</i> and <i>Pronostications</i>, 1550–1567; <i>Ein Erschrecklich und Wunderbarlich Zeychen...</i>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, 1554; <i>Les Propheties</i>, Lyon, 1555, 1557, 1568; <i>Traite des fardemens et des confitures</i>, 1555, 1556, 1557; <i>Paraphrase de C. Galen sus l'exhortation de Menodote</i>, 1557; <i>Lettre de Maistre Michel Nostradamus, de Salon de Craux en Provence, A la Royne mere du Roy</i>, 1566</li> <li>Chantal Liaroutzos, "Les prophéties de Nostradamus : suivez la Guide", in <i>Réforme, Humanisme et Renaissance</i>, 23 (1986), Lyon, entirely available on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rhren_0181-6799_1986_num_23_1_1536">Persée</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221124143121/https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhren_0181-6799_1986_num_23_1_1536">Archived</a> 24 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Revealed that toponymic enfilades in the <i>Prophecies</i>, and in particular that in the famous Varennes quatrain, were certainly borrowed from the <i>Guide des Chemins de France</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Estienne" title="Charles Estienne">Charles Estienne</a>.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenazra1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benazra, Robert (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLcQAQAAIAAJ"><i>Répertoire chronologique nostradamique: 1545–1989</i></a> (in French). Éd. la Grande conjonction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85707-418-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85707-418-2"><bdi>978-2-85707-418-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+chronologique+nostradamique%3A+1545%E2%80%931989&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+la+Grande+conjonction&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-2-85707-418-2&rft.aulast=Benazra&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLcQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrind'Amour1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brind'Amour, Pierre (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eww9AQAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus astrophile: les astres et l'astrologie dans la vie et l'œuvre de Nostradamus</i></a> (in French). Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-252-02896-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-252-02896-4"><bdi>978-2-252-02896-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus+astrophile%3A+les+astres+et+l%27astrologie+dans+la+vie+et+l%27%C5%93uvre+de+Nostradamus&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+d%27Ottawa&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2-252-02896-4&rft.aulast=Brind%27Amour&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deww9AQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span> (This book revealed Nostradamus' borrowings from the <i>De honesta disciplina</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Crinitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Crinitus">Petrus Crinitus</a>.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrind'Amour1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brind'Amour, Pierre (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tnvT_ekX0SAC"><i>Les premières centuries, ou, Prophéties: (édition Macé Bonhomme de 1555)</i></a> (in French). Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-600-00138-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-600-00138-0"><bdi>978-2-600-00138-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+premi%C3%A8res+centuries%2C+ou%2C+Proph%C3%A9ties%3A+%28%C3%A9dition+Mac%C3%A9+Bonhomme+de+1555%29&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-2-600-00138-0&rft.aulast=Brind%27Amour&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtnvT_ekX0SAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChevignard1999" class="citation book cs1">Chevignard, Bernard (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mnh-AAAAMAAJ"><i>Présages de Nostradamus</i></a>. Seuil. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-02-035960-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-02-035960-3"><bdi>978-2-02-035960-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9sages+de+Nostradamus&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-02-035960-3&rft.aulast=Chevignard&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmnh-AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChomaratLaroche1989" class="citation book cs1">Chomarat, Michel; Laroche, Jean-Paul (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mInAQAAIAAJ"><i>Bibliographie Nostradamus: XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles</i></a>. Koerner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87320-123-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87320-123-1"><bdi>978-3-87320-123-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliographie+Nostradamus%3A+XVIe-XVIIe-XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cles&rft.pub=Koerner&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-3-87320-123-1&rft.aulast=Chomarat&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Laroche%2C+Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mInAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClébert2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clébert, Jean-Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ1fcgAACAAJ"><i>Prophéties de Nostradamus: les centuries : texte intégral (1550–1568)</i></a> (in French). Relié. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-914916-35-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-914916-35-6"><bdi>978-2-914916-35-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proph%C3%A9ties+de+Nostradamus%3A+les+centuries+%3A+texte+int%C3%A9gral+%281550%E2%80%931568%29&rft.pub=Reli%C3%A9&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-914916-35-6&rft.aulast=Cl%C3%A9bert&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZ1fcgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDupèbe1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dupèbe, Jean (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oapnfeA3y-IC"><i>Lettres inédites</i></a> (in French). Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-600-03107-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-600-03107-3"><bdi>978-2-600-03107-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettres+in%C3%A9dites&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-2-600-03107-3&rft.aulast=Dup%C3%A8be&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoapnfeA3y-IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGruber2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gruber, Elmar R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KPQ6NAAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus: Sein Leben, sein Werk und die wahre Bedeutung seiner Prophezeiungen</i></a> (in German). Scherz Verlag GmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-502-15280-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-502-15280-4"><bdi>978-3-502-15280-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+Sein+Leben%2C+sein+Werk+und+die+wahre+Bedeutung+seiner+Prophezeiungen&rft.pub=Scherz+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-502-15280-4&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Elmar+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKPQ6NAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLemesurier1999" class="citation book cs1">Lemesurier, Peter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=baY1HAAACAAJ"><i>The Nostradamus Encyclopedia: The Definitive Reference Guide to the Work and World of Nostradamus</i></a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19994-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19994-4"><bdi>978-0-312-19994-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nostradamus+Encyclopedia%3A+The+Definitive+Reference+Guide+to+the+Work+and+World+of+Nostradamus&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-312-19994-4&rft.aulast=Lemesurier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbaY1HAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLemesurier2003" class="citation book cs1">Lemesurier, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-88LPQAACAAJ"><i>The Unknown Nostradamus: The Essential Biography for His 500th Birthday</i></a>. John Hunt Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903816-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903816-48-6"><bdi>978-1-903816-48-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Nostradamus%3A+The+Essential+Biography+for+His+500th+Birthday&rft.pub=John+Hunt+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-903816-48-6&rft.aulast=Lemesurier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-88LPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLemesurier2003b" class="citation book cs1">Lemesurier, Peter (2003b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-88LPQAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus: The Illustrated Prophecies</i></a>. John Hunt Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903816-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903816-48-6"><bdi>978-1-903816-48-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+The+Illustrated+Prophecies&rft.pub=John+Hunt+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-903816-48-6&rft.aulast=Lemesurier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-88LPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLemesurier2010" class="citation book cs1">Lemesurier, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0OHRRwAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus, Bibliomancer: The Man, the Myth, the Truth</i></a>. Career PressInc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60163-132-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60163-132-9"><bdi>978-1-60163-132-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%2C+Bibliomancer%3A+The+Man%2C+the+Myth%2C+the+Truth&rft.pub=Career+PressInc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60163-132-9&rft.aulast=Lemesurier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0OHRRwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeoni1961" class="citation book cs1">Leoni, Edgar (1961). <i>Nostradamus and his prophecies</i>. Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus+and+his+prophecies&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Leoni&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeroy1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leroy, Edgar (1993) [1972]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qcijMQ-A7BgC"><i>Nostradamus: Ses origines, sa vie, son oeuvre</i></a> (in French). Jeanne Laffitte. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86276-231-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86276-231-9"><bdi>978-2-86276-231-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+Ses+origines%2C+sa+vie%2C+son+oeuvre&rft.pub=Jeanne+Laffitte&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2-86276-231-9&rft.aulast=Leroy&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqcijMQ-A7BgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeissner1980" class="citation book cs1">Meissner, Hans-Otto (1980). <i>Magda Goebbels: A Biography</i>. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0283986352" title="Special:BookSources/0283986352"><bdi>0283986352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magda+Goebbels%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=London%3A+Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0283986352&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=Hans-Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrévost1999" class="citation book cs1">Prévost, Roger (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IA3JQwAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus, le mythe et la réalité: un historien au temps des astrologues</i></a>. le Grand livre du mois. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7028-3581-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7028-3581-4"><bdi>978-2-7028-3581-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%2C+le+mythe+et+la+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9%3A+un+historien+au+temps+des+astrologues&rft.pub=le+Grand+livre+du+mois&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-7028-3581-4&rft.aulast=Pr%C3%A9vost&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIA3JQwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRandi1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">Randi, James</a> (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maskofnostradamu00jame"><i>The mask of Nostradamus</i></a></span>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19056-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-19056-3"><bdi>978-0-684-19056-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mask+of+Nostradamus&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-684-19056-3&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaskofnostradamu00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRollet1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rollet, Pierre (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Xr4tgAACAAJ"><i>Interprétation des hiéroglyphes de Horapollo</i></a> (in French). M. Petit.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpr%C3%A9tation+des+hi%C3%A9roglyphes+de+Horapollo&rft.pub=M.+Petit&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rollet&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Xr4tgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatts1985" class="citation book cs1">Watts, P.M. (1985). <i>Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus' 'Enterprise of the Indies</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="American Historical Review">American Historical Review</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+and+Discovery%3A+On+the+Spiritual+Origins+of+Christopher+Columbus%27+%27Enterprise+of+the+Indies&rft.pub=American+Historical+Review&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=P.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TqvuNAAACAAJ"><i>Nostradamus: The Evidence</i></a>. Orion Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-4279-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7528-4279-0"><bdi>978-0-7528-4279-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+The+Evidence&rft.pub=Orion+Books+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7528-4279-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTqvuNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGerson2012" class="citation book cs1">Gerson, Stéphane (2012). <i>Nostradamus: How an Obscure Renaissance Astrologer Became the Modern Prophet of Doom</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31261368-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31261368-6"><bdi>978-0-31261368-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/823711679">823711679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+How+an+Obscure+Renaissance+Astrologer+Became+the+Modern+Prophet+of+Doom&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F823711679&rft.isbn=978-0-31261368-6&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuchon2021" class="citation book cs1">Huchon, Mireille (2021). <i>Nostradamus</i> (French ed.). Gallimard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-07013801-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-07013801-2"><bdi>978-2-07013801-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus&rft.edition=French&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-2-07013801-2&rft.aulast=Huchon&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaver1942" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Laver" title="James Laver">Laver, James</a> (1942). <i>Nostradamus, or The Future Foretold</i>. Collins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%2C+or+The+Future+Foretold&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=Laver&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCann1941" class="citation book cs1">McCann, Lee (1941). <i>Nostradamus: The Man Who Saw Through Time</i>. Creative Age Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4400155">4400155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nostradamus%3A+The+Man+Who+Saw+Through+Time&rft.pub=Creative+Age+Press&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4400155&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmoley2006" class="citation book cs1">Smoley, Richard (2006). <i>The Essential Nostradamus: Literal Translation, Historical Commentary, and Biography</i>. New York: J. P. Tarcher/Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440648953" title="Special:BookSources/9781440648953"><bdi>9781440648953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Nostradamus%3A+Literal+Translation%2C+Historical+Commentary%2C+and+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=J.+P.+Tarcher%2FPenguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781440648953&rft.aulast=Smoley&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nostradamus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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title="s:Author:Michel de Nostredame">Nostradamus</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">French <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="fr" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Nostradamus" class="extiw" title="s:fr:Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holybooks.com/the-complete-works-of-nostradamus-pdf/">The Complete Works of Nostradamus</a> (Holybooks.com, PDF e-book)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunning2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a> (18 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4066">"Skeptoid #66: The Greatest Secret of Nostrdamus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%2366%3A+The+Greatest+Secret+of+Nostrdamus&rft.date=2007-09-18&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANostradamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226054836/http://www.nostradamus.org/">Nostradamus.org</a></i> (2021 archive)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/13415">Works by Nostradamus</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nostradamus70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nostradamus" title="Template:Nostradamus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nostradamus" title="Template talk:Nostradamus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nostradamus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nostradamus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nostradamus70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nostradamus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orus_Apollo" title="Orus Apollo">Orus Apollo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_des_fardemens" title="Traité des fardemens">Traité des fardemens</a></i> (1555)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Proph%C3%A9ties" title="Les Prophéties">Les Prophéties</a></i> (1555)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_in_popular_culture" title="Nostradamus in popular culture">Popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/More_About_Nostradamus" title="More About Nostradamus">More About Nostradamus</a></i> (1941 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophecies_of_Nostradamus" title="Prophecies of Nostradamus">Prophecies of Nostradamus</a></i> (1974 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Saw_Tomorrow" title="The Man Who Saw Tomorrow">The Man Who Saw Tomorrow</a></i> (1981 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Nostradamus" title="The Mask of Nostradamus">The Mask of Nostradamus</a></i> (1990 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_(1994_film)" title="Nostradamus (1994 film)">Nostradamus</a></i> (1994 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_of_the_Oath" title="The Time of the Oath">The Time of the Oath</a></i> (1996 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Wave_(TV_series)" title="First Wave (TV series)">First Wave</a></i> (1998 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaticinia_Nostradami" title="Vaticinia Nostradami">Vaticinia Nostradami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikolo_Kotzev%27s_Nostradamus" title="Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus">Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus</a></i> (2001 rock opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_(album)" title="Nostradamus (album)">Nostradamus</a></i> (2007 album)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostradamus_ni_Kiite_Miro" title="Nostradamus ni Kiite Miro">Nostradamus ni Kiite Miro</a></i> (2008 visual novel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39978#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4624" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39978#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4624" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39978#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083395220">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16387613">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/49249/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11858880X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80009809">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11887127b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11887127b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451499">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nostradamus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV055172">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35384869">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990006170&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000001967&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1010023">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/104495">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068569661">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90168868">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=000851631&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000042143&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000071249&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000100389">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65576">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000032081">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201723002">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm134g573gmv22t">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810623212605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/103938">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007265894905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000091623">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518754906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14254483">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00732552?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_11858880X">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nostradamus (1503-1566)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/933736">Trove</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nostradamus, (Spirit) (1503-1566)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1085977">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11858880X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11858880X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026666200">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6x45kt8">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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