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Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van" title="Van – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Van" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9" title="اسم العائلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم العائلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մականուն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մականուն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icinikasowin" title="Icinikasowin – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Icinikasowin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyad" title="Soyad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Soyad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%AF" title="سوی‌آد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوی‌آد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="পদবি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদবি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-s%C3%A8%E2%81%BF" title="Jī-sèⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-sèⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фамилия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фамилия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Прозвішча – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прозвішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Прозьвішча – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прозьвішча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apelyido" title="Apelyido – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Apelyido" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Фамилно име – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фамилно име" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anv-tiegezh" title="Anv-tiegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anv-tiegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognom" title="Cognom – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cognom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хушамат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хушамат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADjmen%C3%AD" title="Příjmení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Příjmení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazita_eMhuri" title="Mazita eMhuri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mazita eMhuri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A6gtsnavn" title="Slægtsnavn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slægtsnavn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familienname" title="Familienname – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Familienname" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perekonnanimi" title="Perekonnanimi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perekonnanimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Επώνυμο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επώνυμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apellido" title="Apellido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apellido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_nomo" title="Familia nomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Familia nomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitura" title="Deitura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Deitura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="نام خانوادگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام خانوادگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_famille" title="Nom de famille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom de famille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloinne" title="Sloinne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sloinne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apelido" title="Apelido – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apelido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F%E7%AE%8B%E9%87%8B" title="姓氏箋釋 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="姓氏箋釋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%94%A8" title="성씨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성씨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ազգանուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազգանուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="उपनाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपनाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%B3jbne_mjeno" title="Swójbne mjeno – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swójbne mjeno" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezime" title="Prezime – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prezime" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familionomo" title="Familionomo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Familionomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah%C3%A0_nn%C3%A0" title="Ahà nnà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ahà nnà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga" title="Marga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Мыггаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мыггаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognome" title="Cognome – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cognome" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94" title="שם משפחה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם משפחה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გვარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زات – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4zw%C3%ABsk%C3%B2" title="Nôzwëskò – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Nôzwëskò" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA,_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA,_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Тек, ата-тек, әулет есім – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тек, ата-тек, әулет есім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non_fanmi" title="Non fanmi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Non fanmi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%9Fnav" title="Paşnav – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Paşnav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkunya" title="Alkunya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alkunya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzv%C4%81rds" title="Uzvārds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uzvārds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familljennumm" title="Familljennumm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Familljennumm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csal%C3%A1dn%C3%A9v" title="Családnév – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Családnév" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="आडनाव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आडनाव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="گت نوم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گت نوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_keluarga" title="Nama keluarga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama keluarga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familienaam" title="Familienaam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Familienaam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="उपनां – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उपनां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slektsnavn" title="Slektsnavn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slektsnavn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slektsnamn" title="Slektsnamn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slektsnamn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_d%E2%80%99ostal" title="Nom d’ostal – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nom d’ostal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BB%D3%B1%D0%BC" title="Тукымлӱм – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тукымлӱм" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familiya" title="Familiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Familiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogn%C3%B2m_piemont%C3%A8is" title="Cognòm piemontèis – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cognòm piemontèis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familiennaam" title="Familiennaam – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Familiennaam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazwisko" title="Nazwisko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nazwisko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobrenome" title="Sobrenome – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sobrenome" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nume_de_familie" title="Nume de familie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nume de familie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Призвиско – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Призвиско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фамилия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фамилия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name" title="Family name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Family name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ذات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ذات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priezvisko" title="Priezvisko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priezvisko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="نازناو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نازناو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Презиме – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Презиме" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezime" title="Prezime – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prezime" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukunimi" title="Sukunimi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sukunimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familjenamn" title="Familjenamn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Familjenamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apelyido" title="Apelyido – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Apelyido" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="குடும்பப் பெயர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடும்பப் பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఇంటి పేర్లు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంటి పేర్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="นามสกุล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นามสกุล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Насаб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Насаб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyad%C4%B1" title="Soyadı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Soyadı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1lyoot_a%CC%B1tyia%CC%B1" title="A̱lyoot a̱tyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱lyoot a̱tyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Прізвище – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прізвище" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D" title="Họ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4rnimi" title="Väärnimi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Väärnimi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_d%27_famile" title="No d' famile – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="No d' famile" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F" title="姓氏 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="姓氏" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F" title="姓氏 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="姓氏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2-%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="פאמיליע-נאמען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאמיליע-נאמען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%BAk%E1%BB%8D_%C3%ACd%C3%ADl%C3%A9" title="Orúkọ ìdílé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orúkọ ìdílé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93" title="姓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="姓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavardie" title="Pavardie – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pavardie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F" title="姓氏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="姓氏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga_Mandahiling" title="Marga Mandahiling – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Marga Mandahiling" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q101352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&oldid=229746985" title="Surname">Revision as of 10:15, 4 August 2008</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&action=edit&oldid=229746985" title="Surname">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2008-08-04T10:15:48Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/58.168.222.224" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/58.168.222.224" data-mw-revid="229746985"><bdi>58.168.222.224</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:58.168.222.224" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:58.168.222.224">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AES">←</a> Replaced content with 'stuart sunderland is the biggest numpty do-do idiot u will ever c he cant do a back for crap he sucks so much.'</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&diff=prev&oldid=229746985" title="Surname" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&oldid=229746994" title="Surname">Revision as of 10:15, 4 August 2008</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&action=edit&oldid=229746994" title="Surname">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2008-08-04T10:15:52Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&action=edit&undoafter=229746985&undo=229746994" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:DerHexer" class="mw-userlink" title="User:DerHexer" data-mw-revid="229746994"><bdi>DerHexer</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DerHexer" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:DerHexer">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/DerHexer" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/DerHexer">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>91,783</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/58.168.222.224" title="Special:Contributions/58.168.222.224">58.168.222.224</a> to last version by Zzuuzz (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HG">HG</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surname&diff=next&oldid=229746994" title="Surname" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{ambox</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>stuart sunderland is the biggest numpty do-do idiot u will ever c he cant do a back for crap he sucks so much.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| type = merge</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| image = [[Image:Merge-arrow.svg|Merge arrow]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| text = It has been suggested that this {{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|page|article}} or section be [[Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages|merged]] into ''[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:Family name|Family name]]''. ([[:{{NAMESPACE}} talk:Family name|Discuss]])}}{{</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Help|Help talk|Portal|Portal talk|Wikipedia|Wikipedia talk=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|Category|Category talk|Image|Image talk|MediaWiki|MediaWiki talk|Template|Template talk|User|User talk=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|#default=</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{Expand|date=December 2007}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{wikt|surname}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''surname''' is a name added to a [[given name]] and is part of a [[personal name]]. In many cases a "surname" is a [[family name]]; the family-name meaning first appeared in [[1375]].<ref>"surname". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. 10 Dec. 2007. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname>.</ref> Many dictionaries use "surname" as a [[synonym]] of "family name". <ref><Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname></ref> It is also known as a 'last name'. In some cultures, the surname may be a [[patronymic]] or [[matronymic]], see for example [[Icelandic name]]. Also, in some cultures, the surname is commonly the first name in order, before the given name, as in a [[Chinese name]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Surnames are often influenced by common elements: the name of the person's [[Patronymic|father]] or [[Matronymic|mother]], the person's geographical origin, the person's occupation, or a descriptive nickname for the person. When they were created they answered one of the following questions: Who is this person related to? Where is this person from? What does this person do for a living? What is his or her most prominent feature?<ref>Scottish Surnames<http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?560></ref><ref><Last Names Dictionary http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp></ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>For instance, the names Smith and Cooper may originate from the [[blacksmith]] and [[Cooper (profession)|cooper]] occupations, respectively. Names such as [[Cohen]] may denote a prominent religious background; Cohen is a name usually found among male descendants of Jewish [[Kohen|priests]]. The names [[Tedeschi]], Todesco or Todeschin is [[Italian language|Italian]] for "[[Germans|German]]", and usually indicates that the bearer of the surname is of German descent. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In French Canada, up until the 19th century, several families adopted surnames which followed the family name in order to distinguish the various branches of a large family. These surnames were preceded by the word "dit", meaning 'said', and were known as "nom-dit", meaning 'said-name'. This tradition is not in use anymore but, in many cases, the nom-dit has come to replace the original family name. Thus the Bourbeau family has split into Bourbeau dit Verville, Bourbeau dit Lacourse and Bourbeau dit Beauchesne. In many cases Verville, Lacourse or Beauchesne has become the new family name. Likewise, the Rivard family has split into the Rivard dit Lavigne, Rivard dit Loranger and Rivard dit Lanoie. The origin of the nom-dit can vary. Often it denoted a geographical trait of the area where that branch of the family lived: Verville lived towards the city, Beauchesne lived near an oaktree, Larivière near a river, etc. Some of the oldest nom-dits are derived from the war name of a settler who served in the army or milicia: Tranchemontagne (mountain slasher), Jolicoeur (braveheart). Other may denote a personal trait: Lacourse might have been a fast runner, Legrand was probably tall, etc.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==References==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Items to be merged|Surname]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Articles to be merged {{#if: |since {{{date}}} }}|Surname]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Surnames]]</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 10:15, 4 August 2008</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merge-arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merge arrow"><img alt="Merge arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article or section be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging_and_moving_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Merging and moving pages">merged</a> into <i>[[::Family name|Family name]]</i>. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Family_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:Family name (page does not exist)">Discuss</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surname" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:surname">surname</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>A <b>surname</b> is a name added to a <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> and is part of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a>. In many cases a "surname" is a <a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">family name</a>; the family-name meaning first appeared in <a href="/wiki/1375" title="1375">1375</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many dictionaries use "surname" as a <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonym</a> of "family name". <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as a 'last name'. In some cultures, the surname may be a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">matronymic</a>, see for example <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic name</a>. Also, in some cultures, the surname is commonly the first name in order, before the given name, as in a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>. </p><p>Surnames are often influenced by common elements: the name of the person's <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">father</a> or <a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">mother</a>, the person's geographical origin, the person's occupation, or a descriptive nickname for the person. When they were created they answered one of the following questions: Who is this person related to? Where is this person from? What does this person do for a living? What is his or her most prominent feature?<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For instance, the names Smith and Cooper may originate from the <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cooper_(profession)" title="Cooper (profession)">cooper</a> occupations, respectively. Names such as <a href="/wiki/Cohen" title="Cohen">Cohen</a> may denote a prominent religious background; Cohen is a name usually found among male descendants of Jewish <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priests</a>. The names <a href="/wiki/Tedeschi" class="mw-disambig" title="Tedeschi">Tedeschi</a>, Todesco or Todeschin is <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> for "<a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>", and usually indicates that the bearer of the surname is of German descent. </p><p>In French Canada, up until the 19th century, several families adopted surnames which followed the family name in order to distinguish the various branches of a large family. These surnames were preceded by the word "dit", meaning 'said', and were known as "nom-dit", meaning 'said-name'. This tradition is not in use anymore but, in many cases, the nom-dit has come to replace the original family name. Thus the Bourbeau family has split into Bourbeau dit Verville, Bourbeau dit Lacourse and Bourbeau dit Beauchesne. In many cases Verville, Lacourse or Beauchesne has become the new family name. Likewise, the Rivard family has split into the Rivard dit Lavigne, Rivard dit Loranger and Rivard dit Lanoie. The origin of the nom-dit can vary. Often it denoted a geographical trait of the area where that branch of the family lived: Verville lived towards the city, Beauchesne lived near an oaktree, Larivière near a river, etc. Some of the oldest nom-dits are derived from the war name of a settler who served in the army or milicia: Tranchemontagne (mountain slasher), Jolicoeur (braveheart). Other may denote a personal trait: Lacourse might have been a fast runner, Legrand was probably tall, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"surname". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. 10 Dec. 2007. <Dictionary.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname</a>>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><Dictionary.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/surname</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scottish Surnames<<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?560">http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?560</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><Last Names Dictionary <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp">http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp</a>></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surname&oldid=229746994">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surname&oldid=229746994</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Items_to_be_merged&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Items to be merged (page does not exist)">Items to be merged</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Surnames" title="Category:Surnames">Surnames</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_merged" title="Category:Articles to be merged">Articles to be merged</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 August 2008, at 10:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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