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pile</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: secant pile"> <meta name="keywords" content="secant pile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="secant pile"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 209</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: secant pile</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Cantilever Secant Pile Constructed in Sand: Capping Beam-Piles Bending Moments Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> this paper is an extension to previously published two papers; all share the first part of their titles. The papers theme is soil-structure interaction in the ground of soil retaining structures. The secant pile wall is the concern, while the focus is its capping beam. The earlier papers suggested a technique to structurally analyze capping beam. It has been proved that; pile rigidity shares the capping beam rigidity to resist the wall deformations. The current paper explains how the beam-pile integration re-distributes the pile’s bending moment for the benefits of wall deformations. It is concluded that re-distribution of pile bending moment is completely different than the calculated by plain strain analysis, values, and distributions. The pile diameter, beam rigidity, pile spacing, and the 3D-analysis-effect individually or all together affect the pile bending moment. The Plaxis-2D and STAAD-Pro 3D are the used software’s. Throughout this study, three sand densities, various pile and beam rigidities, and three excavation depths, i.e., 3.0-m, 4.0-m and 5.0-m have been considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title="bending moment">bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capping%20beam" title=" capping beam"> capping beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile" title=" secant pile"> secant pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134926/cantilever-secant-pile-constructed-in-sand-capping-beam-piles-bending-moments-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Cantilever Secant Pile Constructed in Sand: Capping Beam Analysis and Deformation Limitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper fits in soil-structure interaction division. Its theme is soil retaining structures. Hence, the cantilever secant-pile wall imposed itself, focusing on the capping beam. Four research questions are prompted and beg an answer. How to calculate the forces that control capping beam design? What is the statical system of ‘capping beam-secant pile’ as one unit? Is it possible to design it to satisfy pre-specific lateral deformation? Is it possible to suggest permissible lateral deformation limits? Briefly, pile head displacements induced by Plaxis-2D are converted to forces needed for STAAD-Pro 3D models. Those models are constructed based on the proposed structural system. This is the paper’s idea and methodology. Parametric study performed considered three sand densities, one pile rigidity, and two excavation depths, i.e., 3.0 m and 5.0 m. The research questions are satisfactorily answered. This paper could be a first step towards standardizing analysis, design, and lateral deformations checks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capping%20beam" title="capping beam">capping beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile" title=" secant pile"> secant pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical" title=" numerical"> numerical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20aids" title=" design aids"> design aids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soil" title=" sandy soil"> sandy soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133498/cantilever-secant-pile-constructed-in-sand-capping-beam-analysis-and-deformation-limitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Cantilever Secant Pile Constructed in Sand: Capping Beam Analysis and Design - Part I</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper theme is soil retaining structures. Cantilever secant-pile wall is triggering scientific point of curiosity. Specially the capping beams structural analysis and its interaction with secant piles as one integrated matrix. It is believed that straining actions of this integrated matrix are most probably induced due to a combination of induced line load and non-uniform horizontal pile tips displacement. The strategy that followed throughout this study starts by converting the pile head horizontal displacements generated by Plaxis-2D model to a system of concentrated line load acting per meter run along the capping beam. Then, those line loads are the input data of Staad-Pro 3D-model. Those models tailored to allow the capping beam and the secant piles interacting as one matrix, i.e. a unit. It is believed that the suggested strategy presents close to real structural simulation. The above is the paper thought and methodology. Three sand densities, one pile rigidity and one excavation depth, “h = 4.0-m,” are completely sufficient to achieve the paper’s objective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20piles" title="secant piles">secant piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capping%20beam" title=" capping beam"> capping beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plaxis%202D" title=" plaxis 2D"> plaxis 2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staad%20pro%203D" title=" staad pro 3D"> staad pro 3D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166715/cantilever-secant-pile-constructed-in-sand-capping-beam-analysis-and-design-part-i" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Cantilever Secant Pile Constructed in Sand: Numerical Comparative Study and Design Aids – Part II</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20R.%20Khater">Khaled R. Khater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All civil engineering projects include excavation work and therefore need some retaining structures. Cantilever secant pile walls are an economical supporting system up to 5.0-m depths. The parameters controlling wall tip displacement are the focus of this paper. So, two analysis techniques have been investigated and arbitrated. They are the conventional method and finite element analysis. Accordingly, two computer programs have been used, Excel sheet and Plaxis-2D. Two soil models have been used throughout this study. They are Mohr-Coulomb soil model and Isotropic Hardening soil models. During this study, two soil densities have been considered, i.e. loose and dense sand. Ten wall rigidities have been analyzed covering ranges of perfectly flexible to completely rigid walls. Three excavation depths, i.e. 3.0-m, 4.0-m and 5.0-m were tested to cover the practical range of secant piles. This work submits beneficial hints about secant piles to assist designers and specification committees. Also, finite element analysis, isotropic hardening, is recommended to be the fair judge when two designs conflict. A rational procedure using empirical equations has been suggested to upgrade the conventional method to predict wall tip displacement ‘δ’. Also, a reasonable limitation of ‘δ’ as a function of excavation depth, ‘h’ has been suggested. Also, it has been found that, after a certain penetration depth any further increase of it does not positively affect the wall tip displacement, i.e. over design and uneconomic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20aids" title="design aids">design aids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile" title=" secant pile"> secant pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wall%20tip%20displacement" title=" Wall tip displacement "> Wall tip displacement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133608/cantilever-secant-pile-constructed-in-sand-numerical-comparative-study-and-design-aids-part-ii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Analysis of Reinforced Granular Pile in Soft Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Nitesh">G. Nitesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stone column or granular pile is a proven technique to mitigate settlement in soft soil. Granular pile increases both rate of consolidation and stiffness of the ground. In this paper, a method to analyze further reduction in settlement of granular column reinforced with lime pile is presented treating the system as a unit cell and considering one-dimensional compression approach. The core of the granular pile is stiffened with a steel rod or lime column. Influence of a wide range of parameters such as area ratio of granular pile-soft soil, area ratio of lime pile-granular pile, modular ratio of granular pile and modular ratio of lime pile with respect to granular pile on settlement reduction factor, etc. are obtained and presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20pile" title="lime pile">lime pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20pile" title=" granular pile"> granular pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soil" title=" soft soil"> soft soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15737/analysis-of-reinforced-granular-pile-in-soft-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> The Pile Group Efficiency for Different Embedment Lengths in Dry Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Shahin">Mohamed M. Shahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the design of the pile foundation to support heavy structures-especially bridges for highways-in the Sahara, which contains many dunes of medium dense sand in different levels, where the foundation is supposed to be piles. The base resistance of smooth model pile groups in sand under static loading is investigated experimentally in a pile soil test apparatus. Improvement were made to the sand around the piles in order to increase the shaft resistance of the single pile and the pile groups, and also base resistance especially for the central pile in pile groups. The study outlines the behaviour of a single-pile, 4-, 5-, and 9- pile groups arranged in a doubly symmetric [square] layout with different embedment lengths and pile spacing in loose dry sand [normal] and dense dry sand [compacted] around the piles. This study evaluate the variation of the magnitude and the proportion of end bearing capacity of individual piles in different pile groups. Also to investigate the magnitude of the efficiency coefficient in the case of different pile groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20group" title="pile group">pile group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20resistance" title=" base resistance"> base resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20coefficient" title=" efficiency coefficient"> efficiency coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20spacing" title=" pile spacing"> pile spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile-soil%20interaction" title=" pile-soil interaction"> pile-soil interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16560/the-pile-group-efficiency-for-different-embedment-lengths-in-dry-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Debris' Effect on Bearing Capacity of Defective Piles in Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Nasr">A. M. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20R.%20Azzam"> W. R. Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20E.%20Ebeed"> K. E. Ebeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For bored piles, careful cleaning must be used to reduce the amount of material trapped in the drilled hole; otherwise, the debris' presence might cause the soft toe effect, which would affect the axial resistance. There isn't much comprehensive research on bored piles with debris. In order to investigate the behavior of a single pile, a pile composite foundation, a two pile group, a three pile group and a four pile group investigation conducts, forty-eight numerical tests in which the debris is simulated using foam rubber.1m pile diameter and 10m length with spacing 3D and depth of foundation 1m used in this study. It is found that the existence of debris causes a reduction of bearing capacity by 64.58% and 33.23% for single pile and pile composite foundation, respectively, 23.27% and 24.24% for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/2 and 1 respectively for two group pile, 10.23%, 19.42% and 28.47% for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/3,2/3 and 1 respectively for three group pile and, this reduction increase with the increase in a number of defective piles / a total number of piles and 7.1%, 13.32%,19.02% and 26.36 for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/4,2/4,3/4 and 1 respectively for four group pile and decreases with an increase of number of pile duo to interaction effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris" title="debris">debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foundation" title=" Foundation"> Foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective" title=" defective"> defective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20pile" title=" board pile"> board pile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159958/debris-effect-on-bearing-capacity-of-defective-piles-in-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Behavior of a Vertical Pile under the Effect of an Inclined Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Elsayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Elsayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements, as well as the deformation profiles along with the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. Whereas P-Y curves of the pile are independent of α., also the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal component on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundations" title="deep foundations">deep foundations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Behavior of A Vertical Pile Under the Effect of an Inclined Load in Loose Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Mohamed%20Abdrabbo">Fathi Mohamed Abdrabbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Esayed%20Gaaver"> Khaled Esayed Gaaver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musab%20Musa%20Eldooma"> Musab Musa Eldooma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an attempt made to investigate the behavior of a single vertical steel hollow pile embedded in sand subjected to compressive inclined load at various inclination angles α through FEM package MIDAS GTS/NX 2019. The effect of the inclination angle and slenderness ratio on the performance of the pile was investigated. Inclined load caring capacity and pile stiffness, as well as lateral deformation profiles along with the pile, were presented. The global, vertical, and horizontal load displacements of pile head, as well as the deformation profiles along the pile and the pile stiffness, are significantly affected by α. It was observed that the P-Y curves of the pile-soil system are independent of α. Also, the slenderness ratios are markedly affecting the behavior of the pile. In addition, there was a noticeable effect of the horizontal load component of the applied load on the vertical behavior of the pile, whereas there was no influence of the presence of vertical load on the horizontal behavior of the pile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20foundation" title="deep foundation">deep foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles" title=" piles"> piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20load" title=" inclined load"> inclined load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20deformations" title=" pile deformations"> pile deformations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277/behavior-of-a-vertical-pile-under-the-effect-of-an-inclined-load-in-loose-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Studying on Pile Seismic Operation with Numerical Method by Using FLAC 3D Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Motaghedi">Hossein Motaghedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaveh%20Arkani"> Kaveh Arkani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siavash%20Salamatpoor"> Siavash Salamatpoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Usually the piles are important tools for safety and economical design of high and heavy structures. For this aim the response of single pile under dynamic load is so effective. Also, the agents which have influence on single pile response are properties of pile geometrical, soil and subjected loads. In this study the finite difference numerical method and by using FLAC 3D software is used for evaluation of single pile behavior under peak ground acceleration (PGA) of El Centro earthquake record in California (1940). The results of this models compared by experimental results of other researchers and it will be seen that the results of this models are approximately coincide by experimental data's. For example the maximum moment and displacement in top of the pile is corresponding to the other experimental results of pervious researchers. Furthermore, in this paper is tried to evaluate the effective properties between soil and pile. The results is shown that by increasing the pile diagonal, the pile top displacement will be decreased. As well as, by increasing the length of pile, the top displacement will be increased. Also, by increasing the stiffness ratio of pile to soil, the produced moment in pile body will be increased and the taller piles have more interaction by soils and have high inertia. So, these results can help directly to optimization design of pile dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20seismic%20response" title="pile seismic response">pile seismic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20between%20soil%20and%20pile" title=" interaction between soil and pile"> interaction between soil and pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC%203D" title=" FLAC 3D "> FLAC 3D </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16943/studying-on-pile-seismic-operation-with-numerical-method-by-using-flac-3d-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> 3 Dimensions Finite Element Analysis of Tunnel-Pile Interaction Scenarios Using Abaqus Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20J.%20M.%20Odeh">Haitham J. M. Odeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduced an analysis of the effect of tunneling near pile foundations. Accomplished by three-dimensional finite element modeling. The numerical simulation is conducted using Abaqus finite element software. By examining different Tunnel-pile scenarios. The paper presents the tunnel induced pile responses, Such as pile settlement, pile internal forces, and the comments made on changing the vertical and transversal location of the tunnel related to the piles, the study contains two pile-supported structure cases, single and a group of piles. A comprehensive comparison between real case study results and numerical simulation is presented. The results of the analysis reveal the critical and safe location of tunnel construction and the positive effect of a group of piles existing instead of single piles. Also, demonstrates the changes in pile responses by changing the tunnel location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20responses" title="pile responses">pile responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20pile" title=" single pile"> single pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20of%20piles" title=" group of piles"> group of piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile-tunnel%20interaction" title=" pile-tunnel interaction"> pile-tunnel interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131/3-dimensions-finite-element-analysis-of-tunnel-pile-interaction-scenarios-using-abaqus-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Numerical Analysis of Jet Grouting Strengthened Pile under Lateral Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ziaie%20Moayed">Reza Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Gholampoor"> Naeem Gholampoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jet grouting strengthened pile (JPP) is one of composite piles used in soft ground improvement. It may improve the vertical and lateral bearing capacity effectively and it has been practically used in a considerable scale. In order to make a further research on load transfer mechanism of single JPP with and without cap under lateral loads, JPP is analyzed by means of FEM analysis. It is resulted that the JPP pile could improve lateral bearing capacity by compared with bored concrete pile which is higher for shorter pile and the biggest bending moment of JPP pile is located in the depth of around 48% of embedded length of the pile. Meanwhile, increase of JPP pile length causes to increase of peak mobilized bending moment. Also, by cap addition, JPP piles will have a much higher lateral bearing capacity and increasing in cohesion of soil layer resulted to increase of lateral bearing capacity of JPP pile. In addition, the numerical results basically coincide with the experimental results presented by other researchers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title="bending moment">bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20analysis" title=" FEM analysis"> FEM analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JPP%20pile" title=" JPP pile"> JPP pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20bearing%20capacity" title=" lateral bearing capacity"> lateral bearing capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48319/numerical-analysis-of-jet-grouting-strengthened-pile-under-lateral-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Evaluation of Cast-in-Situ Pile Condition Using Pile Integrity Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20I.%20Hossain">Mohammad I. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20F.%20Hamim"> Omar F. Hamim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a case study on a pile integrity test for assessing the integrity of piles as well as a physical dimension (e.g., cross-sectional area, length), continuity, and consistency of the pile materials. The recent boom in the socio-economic condition of Bangladesh has given rise to the building of high-rise commercial and residential infrastructures. The advantage of the pile integrity test lies in the fact that it is possible to get an approximate indication regarding the quality of the sub-structure before commencing the construction of the super-structure. This paper aims at providing a classification of cast-in-situ piles based on characteristic reflectograms obtained using the Sonic Integrity Testing program for the sub-soil condition of Narayanganj, Bangladesh. The piles have been classified as 'Pile Type-1', 'Pile Type-2', 'Pile Type-3', 'Pile type-4', 'Pile Type-5' or 'Pile Type-6' from the visual observations of reflections from the generated stress waves by striking the pile head with a handheld hammer. With respect to construction quality and integrity, piles have been further classified into three distinct categories, i.e., satisfactory, may be satisfactory, and unsatisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast-in-situ%20piles" title="cast-in-situ piles">cast-in-situ piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20reflectograms" title=" characteristic reflectograms"> characteristic reflectograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20integrity%20test" title=" pile integrity test"> pile integrity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonic%20integrity%20testing%20program" title=" sonic integrity testing program"> sonic integrity testing program</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126450/evaluation-of-cast-in-situ-pile-condition-using-pile-integrity-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Bending Moment of Flexible Batter Pile in Sands under Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo">Fabian J. Manoppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dody%20M.%20J.%20Sumayouw"> Dody M. J. Sumayouw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bending moment of a single free head model flexible batter piles in sand under horizontal loads is investigated. The theoretical estimate of the magnitude maximum bending moment for the piles was considering a vertical rigid pile under an inclined load and using semi-empirical relations. The length of the equivalent rigid pile was based on the relative stiffness factor of the pile. Model tests were carried out using instrumented piles of wide-ranging flexibilities. The piles were buried in loose sand at batter angles of β=±150, β=±300 and were applied to incrementally increasing lateral loads. The pile capacities and the variation of bending moment along the pile shaft were measured. The new coefficient of 0.5 was proposed to estimate the bending moment of a flexible batter pile in the sand under horizontal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batter%20pile" title="batter pile">batter pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20loads" title=" horizontal loads"> horizontal loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372/bending-moment-of-flexible-batter-pile-in-sands-under-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Effects of Axial Loads and Soil Density on Pile Group Subjected to Triangular Soil Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsan%20Al-Abboodi">Ihsan Al-Abboodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahsin%20Toma-Sabbagh"> Tahsin Toma-Sabbagh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the response of 2x2 pile group subjected to triangular soil movement. The pile group was instrumented with displacement and tilting devices at the pile cap and strain gauges on two piles of the group. In this paper, results from four model tests were presented to study the effects of axial loads and soil density on the lateral behavior of piles. The responses in terms of bending moment, shear force, soil pressure, deflection, and rotation of piles were compared. Test results indicate that increasing the soil strength could increase the measured moment, shear, soil pressure, and pile deformations. Most importantly, adding loads to the pile cap induces additional moment to the head of front-pile row unlike the back-pile row which was influenced insignificantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20group" title="pile group">pile group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20piles" title=" passive piles"> passive piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20soil%20movement" title=" lateral soil movement"> lateral soil movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20density" title=" soil density"> soil density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loads" title=" axial loads"> axial loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62296/effects-of-axial-loads-and-soil-density-on-pile-group-subjected-to-triangular-soil-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Influence of P-Y Curves on Buckling Capacity of Pile Foundation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Huded">Praveen Huded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Dash"> Suresh Dash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile foundations are one of the most preferred deep foundation system for high rise or heavily loaded structures. In many instances, the failure of the pile founded structures in liquefiable soils had been observed even in many recent earthquakes. Recent centrifuge and shake table experiments on two layered soil system have credibly shown that failure of pile foundation can occur because of buckling, as the pile behaves as an unsupported slender structural element once the surrounding soil liquefies. However the buckling capacity depends on largely on the depth of soil liquefied and its residual strength. Hence it is essential to check the pile against the possible buckling failure. Beam on non-linear Winkler Foundation is one of the efficient method to model the pile-soil behavior in liquefiable soil. The pile-soil interaction is modelled through p-y springs, different author have proposed different types of p-y curves for the liquefiable soil. In the present paper the influence two such p-y curves on the buckling capacity of pile foundation is studied considering initial geometric and non-linear behavior of pile foundation. The proposed method is validated against experimental results. Significant difference in the buckling capacity is observed for the two p-y curves used in the analysis. A parametric study is conducted to understand the influence of pile diameter, pile flexural rigidity, different initial geometric imperfections, and different soil relative densities on buckling capacity of pile foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pile%20foundation" title="Pile foundation ">Pile foundation </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liquefaction" title=" Liquefaction"> Liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buckling%20load" title=" Buckling load"> Buckling load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20py%20curve" title=" non-linear py curve"> non-linear py curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opensees" title=" Opensees"> Opensees</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130562/influence-of-p-y-curves-on-buckling-capacity-of-pile-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> A Comparison between Russian and Western Approach for Deep Foundation Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Delara">Saeed Delara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kendra%20MacKay"> Kendra MacKay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Varying methodologies are considered for pile design for both Russian and Western approaches. Although both approaches rely on toe and side frictional resistances, different calculation methods are proposed to estimate pile capacity. The Western approach relies on compactness (internal friction angle) of soil for cohesionless soils and undrained shear strength for cohesive soils. The Russian approach relies on grain size for cohesionless soils and liquidity index for cohesive soils. Though most recommended methods in the Western approaches are relatively simple methods to predict pile settlement, the Russian approach provides a detailed method to estimate single pile and pile group settlement. Details to calculate pile axial capacity and settlement using the Russian and Western approaches are discussed and compared against field test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20capacity" title="pile capacity">pile capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20settlement" title=" pile settlement"> pile settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russian%20approach" title=" Russian approach"> Russian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20approach" title=" western approach"> western approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104330/a-comparison-between-russian-and-western-approach-for-deep-foundation-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Effect of Runup over a Vertical Pile Supported Caisson Breakwater and Quarter Circle Pile Supported Caisson Breakwater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20J.%20Jemi%20Jeya">T. J. Jemi Jeya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sriram"> V. Sriram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile Supported Caisson breakwater is an ecofriendly breakwater very useful in coastal zone protection. The model is developed by considering the advantages of both caisson breakwater and pile supported breakwater, where the top portion is a vertical or quarter circle caisson and the bottom portion consists of a pile supported breakwater defined as Vertical Pile Supported Breakwater (VPSCB) and Quarter-circle Pile Supported Breakwater (QPSCB). The study mainly focuses on comparison of run up over VPSCB and QPSCB under oblique waves. The experiments are carried out in a shallow wave basin under different water depths (d = 0.5 m & 0.55 m) and under different oblique regular waves (0<sup>0</sup>, 15<sup>0</sup>, 30<sup>0</sup>). The run up over the surface is measured by placing two run up probes over the surface at 0.3 m on both sides from the centre of the model. The results show that the non-dimensional shoreward run up shows slight decrease with respect to increase in angle of wave attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caisson%20breakwater" title="Caisson breakwater">Caisson breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20supported%20breakwater" title=" pile supported breakwater"> pile supported breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarter%20circle%20breakwater" title=" quarter circle breakwater"> quarter circle breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20breakwater" title=" vertical breakwater"> vertical breakwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111802/effect-of-runup-over-a-vertical-pile-supported-caisson-breakwater-and-quarter-circle-pile-supported-caisson-breakwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Artificial Intelligence in the Design of a Retaining Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelvin%20Lo">Kelvin Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, numerical modelling in geotechnical engineering is very common but sophisticated. Many advanced input settings and considerable computational efforts are required to optimize the design to reduce the construction cost. To optimize a design, it usually requires huge numerical models. If the optimization is conducted manually, there is a potentially dangerous consequence from human errors, and the time spent on the input and data extraction from output is significant. This paper presents an automation process introduced to numerical modelling (Plaxis 2D) of a trench excavation supported by a secant-pile retaining structure for a top-down tunnel project. Python code is adopted to control the process, and numerical modelling is conducted automatically in every 20m chainage along the 200m tunnel, with maximum retained height occurring in the middle chainage. Python code continuously changes the geological stratum and excavation depth under groundwater flow conditions in each 20m section. It automatically conducts trial and error to determine the required pile length and the use of props to achieve the required factor of safety and target displacement. Once the bending moment of the pile exceeds its capacity, it will increase in size. When the pile embedment reaches the default maximum length, it will turn on the prop system. Results showed that it saves time, increases efficiency, lowers design costs, and replaces human labor to minimize error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title="automation">automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Python" title=" Python"> Python</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20structures" title=" retaining structures"> retaining structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180670/artificial-intelligence-in-the-design-of-a-retaining-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> The Effects of Time and Cyclic Loading to the Axial Capacity for Offshore Pile in Shallow Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20H.%20Girsang">Christian H. Girsang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Razi%20B.%20Mansoor"> M. Razi B. Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noorizal%20N.%20Huang"> Noorizal N. Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An offshore platform was installed in 1977 at about 260km offshore West Malaysia at the water depth of 73.6m. Twelve (12) piles were installed with four (4) are skirt piles. The piles have 1.219m outside diameter and wall thickness of 31mm and were driven to 109m below seabed. Deterministic analyses of the pile capacity under axial loading were conducted using the current API (American Petroleum Institute) method and the four (4) CPT-based methods: the ICP (Imperial College Pile)-method, the NGI (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute)-Method, the UWA (University of Western Australia)-method and the Fugro-method. A statistical analysis of the model uncertainty associated with each pile capacity method was performed. There were two (2) piles analysed: Pile 1 and piles other than Pile 1, where Pile 1 is the pile that was most affected by shallow gas problems. Using the mean estimate of soil properties, the five (5) methods used for deterministic estimation of axial pile capacity in compression predict an axial capacity from 28 to 42MN for Pile 1 and 32 to 49MN for piles other than Pile 1. These values refer to the static capacity shortly after pile installation. They do not include the effects of cyclic loading during the design storm or time after installation on the axial pile capacity. On average, the axial pile capacity is expected to have increased by about 40% because of ageing since the installation of the platform in 1977. On the other hand, the cyclic loading effects during the design storm may reduce the axial capacity of the piles by around 25%. The study concluded that all piles have sufficient safety factor when the pile aging and cyclic loading effect are considered, as all safety factors are above 2.0 for maximum operating and storm loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20capacity" title="axial capacity">axial capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20ageing" title=" pile ageing"> pile ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20gas" title=" shallow gas"> shallow gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76988/the-effects-of-time-and-cyclic-loading-to-the-axial-capacity-for-offshore-pile-in-shallow-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Deep Excavation on Adjacent Pile Groups Subjected to Inclined Loading </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Shafee">Ashkan Shafee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Fahimifar"> Ahmad Fahimifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a growing demand for construction of high-rise buildings and infrastructures in large cities, which sometimes require deep excavations in the vicinity of pile foundations. In this study, a two-dimensional finite element analysis is used to gain insight into the response of pile groups adjacent to deep excavations in sand. The numerical code was verified by available experimental works, and a parametric study was performed on different working load combinations, excavation depth and supporting system. The results show that the simple two-dimensional plane strain model can accurately simulate the excavation induced changes on adjacent pile groups. It was found that further excavation than pile toe level and also inclined loading on adjacent pile group can severely affect the serviceability of the foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20excavation" title="deep excavation">deep excavation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20loading" title=" inclined loading"> inclined loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20deformation" title=" lateral deformation"> lateral deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20group" title=" pile group"> pile group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95108/numerical-investigation-on-the-effects-of-deep-excavation-on-adjacent-pile-groups-subjected-to-inclined-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Influence of Free Field Vibrations Due to Vibratory Pile Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Mukkoti">Shashank Mukkoti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mainak%20Majumder"> Mainak Majumder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivasan%20Venkatraman"> Srinivasan Venkatraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to the land scarcity in the modern-day, most of the construction activities are carried out closed to the existing buildings. Most of the high-rise buildings are constructed on pile foundations to transfer the design loads to a strong stratum below the ground surface. Due to the proximity of the new and existing structures, noise disturbances are prominent during the pile installation. Installation of vibratory piles is most suitable in urban areas. The ground vibrations developed due to the vibratory pile driving may cause many detrimental effects on the surrounding structures based on the proximity of the sources and nature of the structures. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the severity of ground vibrations induced by vibratory pile driving. For this purpose, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed in the ABAQUS/ Explicit finite element program. The couple finite/infinite element method has been employed for the capturing of propagating waves due to the pile installation. The geometry of the pile foundations, frequency of the pile driving, length of the pile has been considered for the parametric study. The results show that vibrations generated due to the vibratory pile installation are either very close or more than the thresholds tolerance limits set by different guidelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE%20model" title="FE model">FE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20driving" title=" pile driving"> pile driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20field%20vibrations" title=" free field vibrations"> free field vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20propagation" title=" wave propagation"> wave propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134351/influence-of-free-field-vibrations-due-to-vibratory-pile-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Parametric Study and Design on under Reamed Pile - An Experimental and Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandrakaran">S. Chandrakaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarthy%20D."> Aarthy D.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract: Under reamed piles are piles which are of different types like bored cast in-situ pile or bored compaction concrete piles where one or more bulbs are provided. In this paper, the design procedure of under reamed pile by both experimental study and numerical study using PLAXIS 3D Foundation software was studied. The soil chosen for study was M Sand. The Single and double under reamed pile modelling was made using mild steel. The pile load test experiment was conducted in the laboratory and the ultimate compression load for 25 mm settlement on single and double under reamed pile was observed and finally the result was compared with conventional pile (pile without bulb). The parametric influence on under reamed pile was studied by varying the geometrical parameters like diameter of bulbs, spacing between bulbs, position of bulbs and number of bulbs. The results of the numerical model showed that when the diameter of bulb D u =2.5D, the ultimate compression load for an under-reamed pile with a single bulb increased by 55 % compared to a pile without a bulb. It was observed that when the spacing between the bulbs was S=6D u with three different positions of bulb from bottom of pile as D u , 2D u and 3D u , the ultimate compression load increased by 88%, 94% and 73 % respectively, compared to the ultimate compression load for 25 mm settlement on conventional pile and if spacing was more than 6D u , ultimate compression load for 25 mm settlement started to decrease. It was observed that when the bucket length was more than 2D u , the ultimate compression <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20capcity" title="load capcity">load capcity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under%20remed%20bulb%20.%20sand" title=" under remed bulb . sand"> under remed bulb . sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20study" title=" model study"> model study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169719/parametric-study-and-design-on-under-reamed-pile-an-experimental-and-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Numerical Analysis for Soil Compaction and Plastic Points Extension in Pile Drivability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Tavasoli">Omid Tavasoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ghazavi"> Mahmoud Ghazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical analysis of drivability of piles in different geometry is presented. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite difference analysis for plastic point extension and soil compaction in the effect of pile driving is analyzed. Four pile configurations such as cylindrical pile, fully tapered pile, T-C pile consists of a top tapered segment and a lower cylindrical segment and C-T pile has a top cylindrical part followed by a tapered part are investigated. All piles which driven up to a total penetration depth of 16 m have the same length with equivalent surface area and approximately with identical material volumes. An idealization for pile-soil system in pile driving is considered for this approach. A linear elastic material is assumed to model the vertical pile behaviors and the soil obeys the elasto-plastic constitutive low and its failure is controlled by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. A slip which occurred at the pile-soil contact surfaces along the shaft and the toe in pile driving procedures is simulated with interface elements. All initial and boundary conditions are the same in all analyses. Quiet boundaries are used to prevent wave reflection in the lateral and vertical directions for the soil. The results obtained from numerical analyses were compared with available other numerical data and laboratory tests, indicating a satisfactory agreement. It will be shown that with increasing the angle of taper, the permanent piles toe settlement increase and therefore, the extension of plastic points increase. These are interesting phenomena in pile driving and are on the safe side for driven piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20driving" title="pile driving">pile driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniform%20piles" title=" non-uniform piles"> non-uniform piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20geometry" title=" pile geometry"> pile geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20set" title=" pile set"> pile set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20points" title=" plastic points"> plastic points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32842/numerical-analysis-for-soil-compaction-and-plastic-points-extension-in-pile-drivability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Cohesionless Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Arora">V. K. Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20Prakash"> Suraj Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile foundations are provided to transfer the vertical and horizontal loads of superstructures like high rise buildings, bridges, offshore structures etc. to the deep strata in the soil. These vertical and horizontal loads are due to the loads coming from the superstructure and wind, water thrust, earthquake, and earth pressure, respectively. In a pile foundation, piles are used in groups. Vertical piles in a group of piles are more efficient to take vertical loads as compared to horizontal loads and when the horizontal load per pile exceeds the bearing capacity of the vertical piles in that case batter piles are used with vertical piles because batter piles can take more lateral loads than vertical piles. In this paper, a model study was conducted on three vertical pile group with single positive and negative battered pile subjected to lateral loads. The batter angle for battered piles was ±35◦ with the vertical axis. Piles were spaced at 2.5d (d=diameter of pile) to each other. The soil used for model test was cohesionless soil. Lateral loads were applied in three stages on all the pile groups individually and it was found that under the repeated action of lateral loading, the deflection of the piles increased under the same loading. After comparing the results, it was found that the pile group with positive batter pile fails at 28 kgf and the pile group with negative batter pile fails at 24 kgf so it shows that positive battered piles are stronger than the negative battered piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20piles" title="vertical piles">vertical piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20battered%20piles" title=" positive battered piles"> positive battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20battered%20piles" title=" negative battered piles"> negative battered piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soil" title=" cohesionless soil"> cohesionless soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20loads" title=" lateral loads"> lateral loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20test" title=" model test"> model test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428/behaviour-of-laterally-loaded-pile-groups-in-cohesionless-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Analysis of Behaviors of Single and Group Helical Piles in Sands from Experiment Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park">Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junwon%20Lee"> Junwon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeonghyun%20Choi"> Byeonghyun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kicheol%20Lee"> Kicheol Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongwook%20Kim"> Dongwook Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The typically-used oil sand plant foundations are driven pile or drilled shaft. With more strict environmental regulations world widely, it became more important to completely remove the foundation during the stage of plant demolition. However, it is difficult to remove driven piles or drilled shafts that are installed at a deeper and stronger depth to gain more bearing pile capacity. The helical pile can be easily removed after its use and recycled; therefore it is suitable for oil sand plant foundation. This study analyzes the behavior of helical piles in sands. Axial pile load tests were carried out the varying spacing of helix plates (helices), rotation speed and weight of axial loading during pile installation. From the experiments, optimal helix plate spacing, rotation speed, axial loading during installation were determined. In addition, the behavior of helical pile groups was examined varying pile spacing. Finally, the behavior of single helical piles and that of group helical piles were compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20sand%20plant" title="oil sand plant">oil sand plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20load%20test" title=" pile load test"> pile load test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20pile" title=" helical pile"> helical pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20helical%20pile" title=" group helical pile"> group helical pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95163/analysis-of-behaviors-of-single-and-group-helical-piles-in-sands-from-experiment-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Numerical Investigations on Group Piles’ Lateral Bearing Capacity Considering Interaction of Soil and Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Sadeghian">Mahdi Sadeghian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Hassanlourad"> Mahmoud Hassanlourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Ardakani"> Alireza Ardakani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Dinarvand"> Reza Dinarvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, the behavior of monopiles, under lateral loads, was investigated with vertical and oblique piles by Finite Element Method. In engineering practice when soil-pile interaction comes to the picture some simplifications are applied to reduce the design time. As a simplified replacement of soil and pile interaction analysis, pile could be replaced by a column. The height of the column would be equal to the free length of the pile plus a portion of the embedded length of it. One of the important factors studied in this study was that columns with an equivalent length (free length plus a part of buried depth) could be used instead of soil and pile modeling. The results of the analysis show that the more internal friction angle of the soil increases, the more the bearing capacity of the soil is achieved. This additional length is 6 to 11 times of the pile diameter in dense soil although in loose sandy soil this range might increase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Depth%20of%20fixity" title="Depth of fixity">Depth of fixity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateral%20bearing%20capacity" title=" Lateral bearing capacity"> Lateral bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oblique%20pile" title=" Oblique pile"> Oblique pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pile%20group" title=" Pile group"> Pile group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soil-structure%20interaction" title=" Soil-structure interaction"> Soil-structure interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104879/numerical-investigations-on-group-piles-lateral-bearing-capacity-considering-interaction-of-soil-and-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Performance of Bored Pile on Alluvial Deposit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Raja%20Rajan">K. Raja Rajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Nagarajan"> D. Nagarajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bored cast in-situ pile is a popular choice amongst consultant and contractor due to the ability to adjust the pile length suitably in case if any variation found in the actual geological strata. Bangladesh geological strata are dominated by silt content. Design is normally based on field test such as Standard Penetration test N-values. Initially, pile capacity estimated through static formula with co-relation of N-value and angle of internal friction. Initial pile load test was conducted in order to validate the geotechnical parameters assumed in design. Initial pile load test was conducted on 1.5m diameter bored cast in-situ pile. Kentledge method is used to load the pile for 2.5 times of its working load. Initially, safe working load of pile has been estimated as 570T, so test load is fixed to 1425T. Max load applied is 777T for which the settlement reached around 155mm which is more than 10% of diameter of piles. Pile load test results was not satisfactory and compelled to increase the pile length approximately 20% of its total length. Due to unpredictable geotechnical parameters, length of each pile has been increased which is having a major impact on the project cost and as well as in project schedule. Extra bore holes have been planned along with lab test results in order to redefine the assumed geotechnical parameters. This article presents detailed design assumptions of geotechnical parameters in the design stage and the results of pile load test which made to redefine the assumed geotechnical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20bearing" title="end bearing">end bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20load%20test" title=" pile load test"> pile load test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20friction" title=" shaft friction"> shaft friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74868/performance-of-bored-pile-on-alluvial-deposit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Numerical Static and Seismic Evaluation of Pile Group Settlement: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhassan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhassan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Yekehdehghan"> Hamed Yekehdehghan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shallow foundations cannot be used when the bedding soil is soft. A suitable method for constructing foundations on soft soil is to employ pile groups to transfer the load to the bottom layers. The present research used results from tests carried out in northern Iran (Langarud) and the FLAC3D software to model a pile group for investigating the effects of various parameters on pile cap settlement under static and seismic conditions. According to the results, changes in the strength parameters of the soil, groundwater level, and the length of and distance between the piles affect settlement differently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLACD%203D%20software" title="FLACD 3D software">FLACD 3D software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20group" title=" pile group"> pile group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147055/numerical-static-and-seismic-evaluation-of-pile-group-settlement-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> An Automated Bender Element System Used for S-Wave Velocity Tomography during Model Pile Installation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxin%20Wu">Yuxin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shing%20Wang"> Yu-Shing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zitao%20Zhang"> Zitao Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high-speed and time-lapse S-wave velocity measurement system has been built up for S-wave tomography in sand. This system is based on bender elements and applied to model pile tests in a tailor-made pressurized chamber to monitor the shear wave velocity distribution during pile installation in sand. Tactile pressure sensors are used parallel together with bender elements to monitor the stress changes during the tests. Strain gages are used to monitor the shaft resistance and toe resistance of pile. Since the shear wave velocity (Vs) is determined by the shear modulus of sand and the shaft resistance of pile is also influenced by the shear modulus of sand around the pile, the purposes of this study are to time-lapse monitor the S-wave velocity distribution change at a certain horizontal section during pile installation and to correlate the S-wave velocity distribution and shaft resistance of pile in sand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bender%20element" title="bender element">bender element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title=" pile"> pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20resistance" title=" shaft resistance"> shaft resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wave%20velocity" title=" shear wave velocity"> shear wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomography" title=" tomography"> tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59285/an-automated-bender-element-system-used-for-s-wave-velocity-tomography-during-model-pile-installation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secant%20pile&page=3">3</a></li> 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