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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prize Fights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prize_Fights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prize_Playing" title="Special:EditPage/Prize Playing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prize+Playing%22">"Prize Playing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prize+Playing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prize+Playing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prize+Playing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prize+Playing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prize+Playing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>Prize Playing</b> was a test of <a href="/wiki/Martial_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial art">martial skill</a> popular in <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Renaissance England</a> with the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Company_of_Masters" title="Company of Masters">Corporation of Masters of the Noble Science of Defence</a>. It involved several dozen bouts against continually refreshing opponents, with little or no rest in between. </p><p>This practice was revived after a fashion in the late 17th century in the form of "Prize Fights", whence the term <a href="/wiki/Prizefighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizefighting">prizefighting</a> for modern professional <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renaissance_Prize_Playings">Renaissance Prize Playings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prize_Playing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Renaissance Prize Playings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The time and place for a Prize Playing was determined by the four <a href="/wiki/Company_of_Masters" title="Company of Masters">Ancient Masters</a> of the school. Notices called Bills of Challenge were posted of the event and a wooden scaffolding was erected in a public square. A good number of formalities were observed and at one time rules were endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/British_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarch">Crown</a>. On the appointed day and time, following a <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> of drums and flags the Player was paraded to the raised scaffold with much <a href="/wiki/Fanfare" title="Fanfare">fanfare</a>. The public gathered close to watch, cheer, and throw coins onto the platform; the student would end up making a profit at the end of the day from this. Prize events also attracted new students—from which the Company earned the major part of its income. </p><p>At the start, a senior Master would declare the name of the Player, the rank being sought, and then announce “The first bout to be at [whichever weapon]”. Bouts were fought using <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">'blunts'</a> (dulled and rounded weapons) and played to a number of 'hits' rather than to a 'victory'. The term “play” at the time referred to competing or practice <a href="/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring">sparring</a>, as opposed to a life and death fight. Although not real, the fights were not displays or <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_game" title="Exhibition game">exhibitions</a>. They were free-sparring practices just earnest enough to properly evaluate the Player and not arranged as public spectacle. The contact was limited, but it was at full speed. The bouts could sometimes be bloody, but never lethal. No armor was used and blows were limited to above the waist, but even the bare head and hands were targets. Only a few instances are recorded of students failing their Prize, with none ever being killed. The student had to pay for the travel expenses of 'answerers' (opponents) coming from outside London (all Masters within 36 miles were required to attend). </p><p>Two bouts had to be played with a number of different weapons against as few as four and as many as ten opponents each. To Play their Prize, a student might face in a single afternoon an average total of sixty bouts or more. These were all against more senior opponents, with little rest in between. The job of the answerers was not to break or beat the Player but to seriously test them. The 'Prize' meant promotion and the respect and acceptance of one's peers. </p><p>The fight itself consisted of those traditional <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> weapons as taught in the “Schole” and dating back to the early Middle Ages. For the challenged Scholar, the weapons to be judged on were fixed at <a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">Longsword</a> and <a href="/wiki/Backsword" title="Backsword">Backsword</a>. For the Free Scholar, there was a choice of any three weapons (usually longsword, backsword, and <a href="/wiki/Side-sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Side-sword">sword</a> & <a href="/wiki/Buckler" title="Buckler">buckler</a>). For the <a href="/wiki/Provost_(martial_arts)" title="Provost (martial arts)">Provost</a>, there was a choice of any four weapons (usually the same as the Free Scholar but also including at least one <a href="/wiki/Polearm" title="Polearm">polearm</a>). Provosts playing for their “Master's Prize” would face an agonizing ten bouts with eight weapons each, including single <a href="/wiki/Dagger" title="Dagger">dagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarterstaff" title="Quarterstaff">quarterstaff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zweihander" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweihander">two-handed sword</a>. Among the other weapons sometimes played were <a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">Morris-pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flail_(weapon)" title="Flail (weapon)">flail</a>, sword & dagger, and sword & gauntlet. Starting around 1580, the <a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">rapier</a> and rapier & dagger were included. </p><p>Once all the bouts were over, judgment of passage was made by the four senior Masters. A victorious prizer might be declared “a well-tryd and sufficient man with divers weapons”. After collecting thrown change, the Player was escorted back to the school, again with great fanfare, took his <a href="/wiki/Oath" title="Oath">oath</a>, paid his fees, and did much drinking (which he was also expected to pay for). The whole event might even last two days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prize_Fights">Prize Fights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prize_Playing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prize Fights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the late 17th to mid 18th centuries in England, long after the London schools and true Masters had faded, a revival of Prizing took place. But in these bouts mostly common, unskilled brawlers and street ruffians would fight for money against all challengers. They were also called “prizefighters” in reference to earlier days. Though also using blunted weapons, most of these fights were quite bloody affairs with some ending in deaths. Today, they are often confused with the old Masters and their students Playing the Prize. Eventually, pugilism was added to the shows and it became so popular that weapons were finally dropped from the contests altogether. This is the origin of today's modern <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> “prizefights”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prize_Playing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fechtschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Fechtschule">Fechtschule</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_European_Martial_Arts_(HEMA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HEMA" title="Template:HEMA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HEMA" title="Template talk:HEMA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HEMA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HEMA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_European_Martial_Arts_(HEMA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historical_European_martial_arts" title="Historical European martial arts">Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">The Martial Arts Portal</a></b></i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <dl><dt>Ancient</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pankration" title="Pankration">Pankration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_boxing" title="Ancient Greek boxing">Ancient Greek boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_wrestling" title="Greek wrestling">Greek wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">Gladiator</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Early Post-Classical</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tournament_(medieval)" title="Tournament (medieval)">Tournament</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">Jousting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bem_cavalgar" title="Bem cavalgar">Bem cavalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ren%C3%A9%27s_Tournament_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="King René's Tournament Book">King René's Tournament Book</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I.33" class="mw-redirect" title="I.33">Medieval buckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_jeu_de_la_hache" class="mw-redirect" title="Le jeu de la hache">Le jeu de la hache</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Late Post-Classical</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_school_of_swordsmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="German school of swordsmanship">German</a>:  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Liechtenauer" title="Johannes Liechtenauer">Johannes Liechtenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Talhoffer" title="Hans Talhoffer">Hans Talhoffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair" title="Paulus Hector Mair">Paulus Hector Mair</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Meyer" title="Joachim Meyer">Joachim Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_St._Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood of St. Mark">Brotherhood of St. Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federfechter" title="Federfechter">Federfechter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">Longsword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fes_Messer" class="mw-redirect" title="Großes Messer">Messer</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dussack" class="mw-redirect" title="Dussack">Dussack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_dagger" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval dagger">Dagger</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ringen" title="Ringen">Ringen</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_swordsmanship" title="Italian school of swordsmanship">Italian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fiore_dei_Liberi" title="Fiore dei Liberi">Fiore dei Liberi</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Dardi school">Dardi school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Marozzo" title="Achille Marozzo">Achille Marozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spada_da_lato" title="Spada da lato">Spada da lato</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <dl><dt>Early Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">Rapier</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ridolfo_Capo_Ferro" title="Ridolfo Capo Ferro">Ridolfo Capo Ferro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Alfieri" title="Francesco Alfieri">Francesco Alfieri</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Destreza" title="Destreza">Destreza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Carranza" title="Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza">Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Defence">English school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Silver" title="George Silver">George Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Swetnam" title="Joseph Swetnam">Joseph Swetnam</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_school_of_fencing" title="French school of fencing">French school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Angelo" title="Domenico Angelo">Domenico Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">Small sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fencing_in_Scotland" title="Historical fencing in Scotland">Scottish broadsword</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_fencing" title="Classical fencing">Classical fencing</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Radaelli" title="Giuseppe Radaelli">Giuseppe Radaelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Gaudin" title="Lucien Gaudin">Lucien Gaudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Nadi" title="Aldo Nadi">Aldo Nadi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stick_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick fighting">Stick fighting</a>: <a href="/wiki/Quarterstaff" title="Quarterstaff">Quarterstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singlestick" title="Singlestick">Singlestick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_canne" class="mw-redirect" title="La canne">La canne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogo_do_Pau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogo do Pau">Jogo do Pau</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Pugilism</a>: <a href="/wiki/Russian_fist_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian fist fighting">Russian fist fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare-knuckle_boxing" title="Bare-knuckle boxing">bare-knuckle boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Broughton" title="Jack Broughton">Jack Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Figg" title="James Figg">James Figg</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">Folk wrestling</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_wrestling" title="Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling">Cumbrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon_wrestling" title="Devon wrestling">Devon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_wrestling" title="Lancashire wrestling">Lancashire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_wrestling" title="Greek wrestling">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glima" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow" title="Collar-and-elbow">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Backhold" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Backhold">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodno_rvanje" title="Narodno rvanje">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwingen" title="Schwingen">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_martial_arts_reconstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical martial arts reconstruction">Historical martial arts reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_by_combat" title="Trial by combat">Trial by combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_fencing" title="Academic fencing">Academic fencing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prize_Playing&oldid=813044677">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prize_Playing&oldid=813044677</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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