CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Collar-and-elbow - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9547949d-4ece-4e0f-9ef1-2d0b272d94bc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Collar-and-elbow","wgTitle":"Collar-and-elbow","wgCurRevisionId":1235423588,"wgRevisionId":1235423588,"wgArticleId":4036874,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","EngvarB from October 2013","Use dmy dates from October 2013","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020","Folk wrestling styles","Sports originating in Ireland","European martial arts","Wrestling in Ireland","Martial arts in Ireland"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Collar-and-elbow","wgRelevantArticleId":4036874,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3682694","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile", "model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1736"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg/800px-Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1157"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg/640px-Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="926"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Collar-and-elbow - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Collar-and-elbow rootpage-Collar-and-elbow skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Collar-and-elbow" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Collar-and-elbow" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Collar-and-elbow" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Collar-and-elbow" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_in_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_in_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins in Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_in_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brollaidheacht_in_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brollaidheacht_in_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Brollaidheacht in Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brollaidheacht_in_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brollaidheacht_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brollaidheacht_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Brollaidheacht in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brollaidheacht_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jackets_and_Harness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jackets_and_Harness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Jackets and Harness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jackets_and_Harness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purported_Legacy_in_Collegiate_Wrestling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purported_Legacy_in_Collegiate_Wrestling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Purported Legacy in Collegiate Wrestling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purported_Legacy_in_Collegiate_Wrestling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Modern revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Collar-and-elbow</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow" title="Collar-and-elbow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collar-and-elbow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar-and-elbow" title="Collar-and-elbow – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Collar-and-elbow" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3682694#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Collar-and-elbow" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Collar-and-elbow"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Collar-and-elbow" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Collar-and-elbow" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&oldid=1235423588" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Collar-and-elbow&id=1235423588&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCollar-and-elbow"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCollar-and-elbow"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Collar-and-elbow&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3682694" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Style of folk wrestling native to Ireland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Brollaidheacht (Collar-and-elbow)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg/200px-Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg/300px-Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg/400px-Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data">Coiléar agus Uille, Scuffling, Irish-Style Scuffling, Tripping, Square-Hold Wrestling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data">Various</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Famous practitioners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_McMahon_(wrestler)" title="John McMahon (wrestler)">John McMahon</a>, Henry Moses Dufur, James H. McLaughlin, Homer Lane</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Olympic sport</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Collar-and-elbow wrestling</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: Coiléar agus Uille<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Brollaidheacht</b><sup id="cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial art</a> and form of <a href="/wiki/Jacket_wrestling" title="Jacket wrestling">jacket wrestling</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. Historically it has also been practised in regions of the world with large Irish diaspora populations, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_Ireland">Origins in Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins in Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wrestling as a competitive sport has been recorded in Ireland as far back as the second millennium BC, when it featured as one of the many athletic contests held during the annual <a href="/wiki/Tailteann_Games_(ancient)" title="Tailteann Games (ancient)">Tailteann Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mythical hero <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAchulainn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cúchulainn">Cúchulainn</a> boasted of his prowess in both <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a> and wrestling, and was on one occasion enraged by an undead spectre mockingly suggesting that his skill in the latter area had been highly exaggerated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carved depictions of two figures in a recognisable wrestling clinch appear on the Market High Cross of Kells<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ruins of a church at Kilteel<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (both 9th century AD), and wrestling matches were common features of country fairs until at least the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These wrestling contests were occasionally violent affairs. Participants could be and were frequently injured, sometimes fatally so, as in the case of a contest between one Thomas Costello (known locally as "Tumaus Loidher" - Thomas the Strong) and an unnamed champion in which Costello ostensibly squeezed on his opponent's harness so powerfully that it broke the man's spine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There appear to have been little or no attempts to moderate these violent aspects of wrestling from a legal point of view; as historian <a href="/wiki/Edward_MacLysaght" title="Edward MacLysaght">Edward MacLysaght</a> noted in his account of the match, as the participant in a sporting contest Costello had little to fear in terms of official retribution.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These accounts of early Irish wrestling matches all describe participants taking a diverse range of grips on their opponents - from clutching at any available limb in the time of Cúchulainn, to a backhold-style clinch on the carvings at Kells and Kilteel, to both hands holding a belt in the match between Thomas Costello and his ill-fated opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by the 18th century a new form of grip had established itself as the favoured hold: right hand grabbing the opponent's collar, left hand grabbing the sleeve of their jacket at the elbow. This position, and all its associated techniques and strategies, was to quickly emerge as the dominant framework under which Irish wrestling matches were contested. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brollaidheacht_in_Ireland">Brollaidheacht in Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brollaidheacht in Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, Brollaidheacht was one of the most widely practised sporting activities in the country - "the chief physical sport of the male population from childhood to mature manhood".<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bouts took place between local champions and challengers on a parish level, and those between the most well-known and skilled wrestlers could draw thousands of spectators from across neighbouring counties. Although it was primarily referred to by its English name, Collar and Elbow is known to have had at least two names in <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: "Coiléar agus Uille" (a literal translation of Collar and Elbow) and "brollaidheacht". The latter derives from the term for the front of a shirt ("brollach léine") and thus "brollaidheacht" could be translated as "collaring"<sup id="cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - a reference to the grip that wrestlers were required to take on each other's jackets. </p><p>Victory was determined by a "fall", the definition of which differed from county to county. In <a href="/wiki/Kildare" title="Kildare">Kildare</a> a wrestler was deemed to have won if he made his opponent touch the ground with any single part of his body above the knees, whereas in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> he was required to make three points of his opponent's body touch the ground (usually both shoulders and a hip, or both hips and a shoulder).<sup id="cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunning_pp110-121-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant difference between Collar and Elbow as it was practised in Ireland and the United States is that, in its Irish incarnation, shin-kicking was routinely permitted. This, coupled with the fact that many participants wore heavy work boots, resulted in a level of injury among Irish wrestlers not usually seen among their US counterparts. Shins were frequently "gored and/or bruised" after a match, and on rare occasions outright broken.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunning_pp110-121-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Admirers of the style nonetheless lauded its "eminently scientific and picturesque"<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> virtues. In particular, they claimed that, since the opening stance prevented the "bull-like charges, flying tackles, or other onrushes" common in other wrestling styles, Brollaidheacht encouraged participants to develop "deftness, balance, and leverage allied with strength, [which permitted] a man to win by means of skill instead of sheer might and weight".<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brollaidheacht_in_the_United_States">Brollaidheacht in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Brollaidheacht in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As levels of Irish emigration to the United States steadily increased throughout the 17th–19th centuries, so too did the presence of the Irish cultural traditions they brought with them - including their wrestling style. <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> in general, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> in particular, emerged as an early stronghold of Collar and Elbow after it had been introduced by immigrants largely from <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the US Civil War, Vermont regiments introduced the style to other units in the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in that way it acquired immense popularity among men from other regions of the United States who might otherwise never have encountered it. By the time the Civil War ended, Collar and Elbow had emerged as one of the most common rulesets under which wrestling bouts were contested nationwide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bouts drew large and enthusiastic crowds across the country, and purses of several hundred dollars were routinely offered for championship contests.<sup id="cite_ref-Cincinnati_Enquirer_1878-06-01_p4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cincinnati_Enquirer_1878-06-01_p4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermont continued to remain a significant force in the Collar and Elbow world throughout, with two of the style's most notable 19th-century practitioners, Henry Moses Dufur and <a href="/wiki/John_McMahon_(wrestler)" title="John McMahon (wrestler)">John McMahon</a>, hailing from <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin County</a>. Practitioners of Collar and Elbow in general were colloquially referred to as "scufflers" (occasionally "trippers" in reference to the leg-centric strategies they employed), and a Collar and Elbow bout itself as "scuffling" or a "scuffling bee".<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, Collar and Elbow bouts in both Ireland and the United States were governed by unwritten, often improvised codes of conduct rather than any kind of codified rules. An early attempt to standardise the competitive rules of the style was made in advance of a tournament that was scheduled to be held in <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(city),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (city), Vermont">St. Albans</a>, Vermont in 1856. The tournament was ultimately cancelled due to "an epidemic of disease" in the region, however, and no record of the proposed ruleset exists.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was almost two decades later before the first widely accepted set of rules was published. These were compiled by legendary Collar and Elbow champion Henry Moses Dufur, and as such came to be colloquially known as the Dufur Rules. Among other things, they stated that wrestlers had to compete while wearing a suitably sturdy jacket, and banned the wearing of heavy footwear. </p><p>The Dufur rules were closely followed by the Ed James rules, published as part of a general manual of sporting rules and regulations in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were largely the same as the Dufur rules, and specified the clear conditions for victory - a wrestler had to throw his opponent flat on his back, similar to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Ippon" title="Ippon">ippon</a> in judo. The Ed James rules were to act as the agreed-upon standard for the majority of Collar and Elbow bouts held in the United States during its 19th-century heyday: </p> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>The men shall wear knit shirt and short coat or jacket, not extending below the hips, with strong collar and elbow for grasp of the opponent, and thin rubber sandals on the feet.</li> <li>Each man shall take hold of the collar of his opponent with his right hand, while with his left he must take hold of the elbow.</li> <li>Both men shall stand up breast to breast, with limber arms, and show fair play.</li></ul></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif/220px-A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif/330px-A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/A_19th-century_photo_of_Collar_and_Elbow.gif 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Two wrestlers in the 1880s demonstrating the Collar and Elbow grips</figcaption></figure><p>Even in so-called "mixed wrestling" bouts where men would compete against each other in consecutive rounds under different rulesets (e.g. Catch-as-Catch-Can, Greco-Roman, and Collar and Elbow), they would specifically be required to don jackets for the Collar and Elbow rounds.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jackets_and_Harness">Jackets and Harness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jackets and Harness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there are accounts of bouts being held in which the combatants were shirtless - particularly in rural areas during the summer months<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - in its standardised competitive form Brollaidheacht required both participants to wear jackets or heavy shirts that could be gripped and used to set up throwing techniques. A similar requirement exists in other Celtic styles like <a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a> and Breton <a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a>. At wrestling events in Dublin, a common method of issuing a challenge was to place a jacket in the centre of the ring and wait for a contender to step in and put it on.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunning_pp110-121-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ireland - and in the early days in the United States - there were no standardised requirements for the durability or the length of the jacket. This occasionally led to disputes between prospective opponents when one party believed that the other's attire provided him with an unfair advantage, such as the one that occurred between Patrick Cullen and Paddy Dunne in which Dunne alleged that Cullen's long cavalry officer's coat would prevent him from seeing and defending against his leg techniques. Contests were occasionally even called off mid-bout when a jacket ripped or was otherwise unable to bear the rigours of a prolonged wrestling match.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dufur rules of the 19th century were the first to specifically state that any jacket used for a Collar and Elbow bout had to be "tight-fitting, with strongly sewn seams". This prescription was mirrored in the Ed James rules, which also elaborated that the jacket should not reach below the wrestler's hips so that their leg attacks would be freely visible. </p><p>Subsequently, a dedicated leather harness was developed to act as a potential substitute for the jacket. The invention of the harness is attributed to Homer Lane, a three-time national Collar and Elbow champion of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It saw somewhat frequent use in both the US and Canada, but in general the majority of Brollaidheacht bouts continued to be held using the requisite durable jackets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since both combatants' hands were fixed in place on each other's jackets, Collar and Elbow came to be distinguished by its volume and variety of leg techniques. Scufflers would circle each other throwing rapid-fire combinations of trips, taps, kicks, and sweeps in an attempt to off-balance their opponent and send him crashing to the ground - an extended exchange of attack and defense that one historian described as "footsparring". Observers of Collar and Elbow bouts frequently remarked upon this aspect of the style, with one journalist proposing that a Collar and Elbow match between two skilled participants was really "a fist fight with the feet".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although wrestlers' grips were fixed in place, they were nonetheless free to push, pull, and twist their opponent using their arms, and ultimately any form of takedown was permitted as long as the person executing it maintained his collar-and-elbow grips while doing so. One of the more dramatic takedowns was the flying mare - described as an explosive, high-impact throw that would send the victim's feet flying up over his head. In <a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">catch wrestling</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is usually depicted as something akin to <a href="/wiki/Ippon_seoi_nage" title="Ippon seoi nage">ippon seoi nage</a>, but since the gripping requirements in Collar and Elbow would have rendered it impossible to grab an opponent's arm with both hands, it is more probable that, in its Collar and Elbow incarnation, the flying mare would have more closely resembled morote seoi nage instead. </p><p>The following techniques were listed in a 1900 dictionary of sporting terms published by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Ireland)" title="Department of Education (Ireland)">Irish Department of Education</a> (An Roinn Oideachais).<sup id="cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Caitheamh thar gualainn, <i>flying mare</i></li> <li>Cor ailt, cor mughdhoirn (múrnáin), <i>ankle throw</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Sasae_tsurikomi_ashi" title="Sasae tsurikomi ashi">Sasae tsurikomi ashi</a>)</li> <li>Cor coise, <i>tripping throw</i></li> <li>Cor cromáin, <i>hip throw</i></li> <li>Cor glúine, <i>knee throw</i></li> <li>Cor ioscaide, <i>back-knee trip</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Osoto_otoshi" title="Osoto otoshi">Osoto otoshi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Osoto_gari" class="mw-redirect" title="Osoto gari">Osoto gari</a>)</li> <li>Cor sála, <i>back-heel</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Kosoto_gake" title="Kosoto gake">Kosoto gake</a>)</li> <li>Cros-chor ailt (múrnáin), <i>cross-ankle trip</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Tai_otoshi" title="Tai otoshi">Tai otoshi</a>)</li> <li>Cros-más, <i>cross-buttock throw</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Harai_goshi" title="Harai goshi">Harai goshi</a>)</li> <li>Glac-coise, <i>leg-lock</i></li> <li>Glas coise, <i>hank</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_gari" title="Ōuchi gari">Ōuchi gari</a>)</li> <li>Lúbaim, <i>hook</i></li> <li>Más, <i>buttock throw</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Tsurikomi_goshi" title="Tsurikomi goshi">Tsurikomi goshi</a>)</li> <li>Snaidim, <i>click</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Kosoto_gari" title="Kosoto gari">Kosoto gari</a>)</li> <li>Tuisleadh, <i>trip</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 20th century, Brollaidheacht had all but disappeared from Ireland. Writing in the <a href="/wiki/Leinster_Leader" title="Leinster Leader">Leinster Leader</a> newspaper in 1907, local historian John Ennis directly attributed this to two significant factors - the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a> that resulted in the deaths of over 1 million people and the "unnatural exodus" of 1 million more seeking a better way of life, and the colonial-era <a href="/wiki/Coercion_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coercion Acts">Coercion Acts</a> that limited any kind of gatherings in public space.<sup id="cite_ref-Kildare_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demographic and cultural devastation of the former coupled with the oppressive restrictions of the latter resulted in an environment in which Ireland's native wrestling style simply could not be practised, ultimately leading to it fading from everyday life entirely. </p><p>An additional significant factor was the lack of any independent, centralised sporting organisation to promote the style. A book published in 1908 by An Chomhairle Náisiúnta (The National Council), referring to both wrestling and handball, noted that "although both these pastimes have been on the Gaelic programme since its first appearance, neither has ever received any official encouragement. Yet both are games in which Gaels have excelled[…] That such a wide area and so popular and meritorious a branch of athletics should have received only nominal recognition is only another instance of how partial and halting has been the management of Gaelic athletic affairs."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual efforts were made to promote Collar and Elbow bouts in Dublin in 1906, but these were "spontaneous and isolated",<sup id="cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunning_pp110-121-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the sport was entirely omitted from the largest government-organised athletics event of the period - the short-lived modern revival of the <a href="/wiki/Tailteann_Games_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)">Tailteann Games</a> held after the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>. No records exist of any Brollaidheacht bouts being held in Ireland after the early 20th century. </p><p>In the United States, the growing popularity of other grappling styles like catch wrestling and Greco-Roman resulted in Collar and Elbow being practised less and less. The final contest for the Collar and Elbow championship of America - held between James H. McLoughlin and John McMahon - took place in 1878, with McMahon winning with two falls out of three.<sup id="cite_ref-scribd.com_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1890, Collar and Elbow was already being referred to as an "old time" sport,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the early 20th century newspaper accounts of wrestling matches were referring to "the ancient days when collar-and-elbow was the rule".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purported_Legacy_in_Collegiate_Wrestling">Purported Legacy in Collegiate Wrestling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Purported Legacy in Collegiate Wrestling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1959 book <i>Magnificent Scufflers</i>, author Charles Morrow Wilson proposed that, even after Collar and Elbow had vanished as a standalone martial art, it continued to exert an influence on the strategies and techniques used in American <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_wrestling" title="Collegiate wrestling">collegiate wrestling</a>. He specifically highlighted the "foot and leg plays, beginning with foot trips, the heel blocks, and the forward leg trips and working upwards to hip rolls" as "obvious but not deliberate borrowings from Collar and Elbow", and attributed them to the technical innovations introduced by Oklahoma coach <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Gallagher" title="Edward C. Gallagher">Edward C. Gallagher</a>. It should however be noted that neither of Gallagher's self-penned technique manuals, Amateur Wrestling (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher_1925_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher_1925-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wrestling (1939),<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher_1925_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher_1925-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mention Collar and Elbow in any way (apart from a lone reference where the term "collar and elbow" is used to describe a <a href="/wiki/Collar_tie" title="Collar tie">single collar tie</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_revival">Modern revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png/220px-Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png/330px-Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png/440px-Modern_Collar_and_Elbow.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A Brollaidheacht bout between two participants in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2019, a series of Brollaidheacht bouts were held in <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruleset<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for these bouts included several modifications to ensure compatibility with a modern tournament format. Most notably, individual bouts were limited to a maximum of 5 minutes' duration, in contrast to historical Brollaidheacht bouts which were entirely open-ended and routinely lasted several hours.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, matches based on the same modern ruleset have been held in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including two competitions in a jacketless variant held by the Boston HEMA League in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">Catch wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_wrestling" title="Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling">Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">Folk wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Backhold" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Backhold">Scottish Backhold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-kicking" title="Shin-kicking">Shin-kicking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kildare-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kildare_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEnnis1907" class="citation web cs1">Ennis, John (16 March 1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kildare.ie/ehistory/2006/05/collar_and_elbow_wrestling.asp">"Co. Kildare Online Electronic History Journal: Collar and Elbow Wrestling"</a>. <i>www.kildare.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kildare.ie&rft.atitle=Co.+Kildare+Online+Electronic+History+Journal%3A+Collar+and+Elbow+Wrestling&rft.date=1907-03-16&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kildare.ie%2Fehistory%2F2006%2F05%2Fcollar_and_elbow_wrestling.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-An_Roinn_Oideachais_1900_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAn_Roinn_Oideachais1900" class="citation book cs1">An Roinn Oideachais (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tarmacluichi00irel"><i>Téarmaí Cluichidheachta</i></a>. Dublin: Irish Dept. of Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C3%A9arma%C3%AD+Cluichidheachta&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Irish+Dept.+of+Education&rft.date=1900&rft.au=An+Roinn+Oideachais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftarmacluichi00irel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNally1922" class="citation book cs1">Nally, T.H. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/aonactailteannta00nalliala"><i>The Aonach Tailteann and the Tailteann Games: Their Origin, History, and Ancient Associations</i></a>. Dublin: Talbot Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aonach+Tailteann+and+the+Tailteann+Games%3A+Their+Origin%2C+History%2C+and+Ancient+Associations&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Talbot+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Nally&rft.aufirst=T.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2Faonactailteannta00nalliala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sayers, William. "The Motif of Wrestling in Early Irish and Mongolian Epic". <i>Mongolian Studies</i>, vol. 13, 1990, pp. 153–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen, J. Romilly. <i>Early Christian Symbolism in Great Britain and Ireland before the Thirteenth Century</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2016, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megalithicireland.com/Kilteel%20Church.html">"Kilteel Romanesque Church"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilteel+Romanesque+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megalithicireland.com%2FKilteel%2520Church.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moffet, William. <i>Hesperi-Neso-Graphia: or, A description of the Western Isle in Eight Cantos</i>. Carson and Smith, 1724, pp. 31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyde1895" class="citation book cs1">Hyde, Douglas (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/abhringrdhchige00hydegoog"><i>Abhráin Grádh Chúige Connacht or Love Songs of Connacht</i></a>. Dublin: Gill & Son. p. 51. <q>Then the people came up and they loosed the hands of the champion from the belt where they were fastened, and on the spot the man fell back, and he cold dead; his back-bone had been broken with the first squeeze that Tumaus gave him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abhr%C3%A1in+Gr%C3%A1dh+Ch%C3%BAige+Connacht+or+Love+Songs+of+Connacht&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Son&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Hyde&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2Fabhringrdhchige00hydegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacLysaght, Edward. <i>Irish Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. Irish Academic Press, 1979. pp. 151-152. "The victor had, of course, no fear of immediate arrest to answer a charge of manslaughter, but found himself a popular hero."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyde1895" class="citation book cs1">Hyde, Douglas (1895). <i>Abhráin Grádh Chúige Connacht or Love Songs of Connacht</i>. Dublin: Gill & Son. p. 49. <q>Now this was the way it was customary with them to make a wrestling at this time ; that was, to bind a girdle or belt of leather round about the body of the two men, and to give each man of them a hold on the other man's belt, and when they would be ready and the word would be given them they would begin wrestling.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abhr%C3%A1in+Gr%C3%A1dh+Ch%C3%BAige+Connacht+or+Love+Songs+of+Connacht&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Son&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Hyde&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunning_pp110-121-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunning_pp110-121_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunning, Paul Ignatius. <i>Hardy Fingallians, Kildare Trippers, and 'The Divil Ye'll Rise' Scufflers: Wrestling in Modern Ireland</i>. A Social and Cultural History of Sport in Ireland, 2016, pp. 110–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scribd.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scribd.com_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Morrow_Wilson1959" class="citation web cs1">Charles Morrow Wilson (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/57600091/Magnificent-Scufflers">"Magnificent Scufflers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scribd" title="Scribd">Scribd</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scribd&rft.atitle=Magnificent+Scufflers&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Charles+Morrow+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F57600091%2FMagnificent-Scufflers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cincinnati_Enquirer_1878-06-01_p4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cincinnati_Enquirer_1878-06-01_p4_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Cincinnati Enquirer</i>, 1 June 1878, p. 4. "The wrestling match for $500 and the championship of America, between Edward Cox of Fairfield, Vt., and Henry M. Dufur of Marlboro, the champion of New England, took place at Riverside Park."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Boston Globe</i>, 12 June 1879, p. 4. "The long-anticipated struggle between James E. Owens of Vermont and H.M. Dufur of Marlboro at collar-and-elbow wrestling. Ed James' rules to govern, best two in three, fair falls, for $500 and the championship, drew an audience at the Howard Athenaeum, last evening, that packed the house."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Seattle Post-Intelligencer</i>, 23 November 1897, p. 5. "Two best falls out of three to decide the contest for the World's Championship and $1000, which is now in the hands of W.E. Stevens, proprietor of Hotel Stevens, Seattle."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beekman, Scott. Ringside: A History of Professional Wrestling in America. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2006. p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1873" class="citation book cs1">James, Ed (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/manualofsporting00jame"><i>Manual of Sporting Rules: Comprising the Latest and Best Authenticated Revised Rules</i></a>. New York: Ed James.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Sporting+Rules%3A+Comprising+the+Latest+and+Best+Authenticated+Revised+Rules&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ed+James&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2Fmanualofsporting00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Cincinnati Enquirer</i>, 25 March 1884, "Duncan Ross Again Defeats Colonel McLaughlin in a Mixed Wrestling Match in Cleveland", p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>, 9 March 1885, "Wrestling Championship" p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/us-ce-h.html">"American Collar-and-Elbow title"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Collar-and-Elbow+title&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrestling-titles.com%2Fus%2Fus-ce-h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times of Philadelphia</i>, 28 November 1886. "How to Wrestle: Homer Lane Gives a Chapter from his Experience. The Styles of Wrestling - Collar and Elbow, Greco-Roman, and Catch-as-Catch-Can", p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Northern Pacific Farmer</i> (Wadena, Minnesota), 27 January 1881, p. 3. "The collar-and-elbow wrestle between two skilled contestants is really, so to speak, a fist fight with the feet. One would think in viewing the kicks of the mailed feet that shins would be broken like pipe-stems, but it is not often that one wrestler is permitted to get a square-toed kick upon the shins of the other, where there is science on both sides."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitchcock, Edward. <i>Wrestling; Catch-as-Catch-Can Style</i>. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1854, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martell, William A. Greco-Roman Wrestling. Windsor: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1993, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAn_Chomhairle_Náisiúnta1908" class="citation book cs1">An Chomhairle Náisiúnta (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s-VKAAAAMAAJ&q=gaelic%20athletic%20association%20rule%20book%20wrestling&pg=PP1"><i>Leabhar na hÉireann (The Irish Yearbook)</i></a>. Dublin: James Duffy & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leabhar+na+h%C3%89ireann+%28The+Irish+Yearbook%29&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=James+Duffy+%26+Co.&rft.date=1908&rft.au=An+Chomhairle+N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds-VKAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dgaelic%2520athletic%2520association%2520rule%2520book%2520wrestling%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Swanton Courier</i> (Swanton, Vermont), 1 August 1890, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Evening World</i> (New York, New York), 20 June 1916, p. 14. "Steve O' Donnell is dead - not Australian Steve, the fighter, but Bowery Boy Steve, the wrestler. He was one of the best performers in the ancient days when collar-and-elbow was the rule, and although only a lightweight used to hold such men as Homer Lane, 170 pounds, and John McMahon, 180 pounds. That was in the [18]70s."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallagher_1925-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher_1925_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher_1925_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher1925" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, E. C. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/AmateurWrestling"><i>Amateur Wrestling</i></a>. Stillwater: Co-Operative Publishing Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amateur+Wrestling&rft.place=Stillwater&rft.pub=Co-Operative+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2FAmateurWrestling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106173740/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGP0AwtLb9U&gl=US&hl=en"><i>Magnificent Scuffling: The First Irish Collar and Elbow Matches in Over 100 Years</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGP0AwtLb9U">the original</a> on 6 November 2019 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnificent+Scuffling%3A+The+First+Irish+Collar+and+Elbow+Matches+in+Over+100+Years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYGP0AwtLb9U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thousandholds.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Collar-and-Elbow-Competition-Ruleset-v2.0.pdf">"Collar and Elbow Competition Ruleset"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collar+and+Elbow+Competition+Ruleset&rft.date=2019-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthousandholds.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F08%2FCollar-and-Elbow-Competition-Ruleset-v2.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cincinnati Enquirer</i>, 1 June 1878, p4. "Finally, after an exciting struggle, Dufur succeeded in getting a fair fall on Cox, and was announced the winner amid loud cheering. The match lasted two hours and thirty-two minutes."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Sun</i> (New York, New York), 19 April 1890, p. 4. "The Sweeney-Deso collar-and-elbow wrestling match was decided at the Globe Athletic Club, Sweeney winning two falls after three and one-half hours of scientific work."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>St. Louis Globe-Democrat</i>, 27 March 1876, p. 1. "Time was called at 8:40pm when both wrestlers advanced to the center of the carpeted stage[...] At 10:25pm they resumed, and McLaughling went down[...] When they again grasped, the timer's watch pointed to 11:05pm[...] After a good deal of backing and filling, which continued up to one o'clock am, the disputants came to terms."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zbewm7JCzr0"><i>Salvos Training Collar and Elbow 2019 Highlights</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/Zbewm7JCzr0">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salvos+Training+Collar+and+Elbow+2019+Highlights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZbewm7JCzr0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemascorecard.com/infoSummary.php?e=411&t=0&m=0#">"HEMA Scorecard"</a>. <i>www.hemascorecard.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hemascorecard.com&rft.atitle=HEMA+Scorecard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemascorecard.com%2FinfoSummary.php%3Fe%3D411%26t%3D0%26m%3D0%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemascorecard.com/infoSummary.php?e=463&t=0&m=0#">"HEMA Scorecard"</a>. <i>www.hemascorecard.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hemascorecard.com&rft.atitle=HEMA+Scorecard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemascorecard.com%2FinfoSummary.php%3Fe%3D463%26t%3D0%26m%3D0%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollar-and-elbow" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Folk_wrestling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_wrestling" title="Template:Folk wrestling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_wrestling" title="Template talk:Folk wrestling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_wrestling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk wrestling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_wrestling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_wrestling" title="Folk wrestling">Folk wrestling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" title="Portal:Martial arts">Portal:Martial arts</a></b></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutte_Traditionnelle" title="Lutte Traditionnelle">Lutte Traditionnelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuba fighting">Nuba fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_wrestling" title="Senegalese wrestling">Senegalese wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alysh" title="Alysh">Alysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boli_Khela" class="mw-redirect" title="Boli Khela">Boli Khela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_wrestling" title="Kazakh wrestling">Kazakh wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_traditional_wrestling" title="Khmer traditional wrestling">Khmer traditional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurash" title="Kurash">Kurash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wrestling" title="Mongolian wrestling">Mongolian wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuresh" title="Khuresh">Khuresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naban" title="Naban">Naban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_in_Iran" title="Wrestling in Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahlevani_and_zoorkhaneh_rituals" title="Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals">Pahlavani</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inbuan_wrestling" title="Inbuan wrestling">Inbuan wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla-yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukna" title="Mukna">Mukna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatta_gusthi" title="Gatta gusthi">Gatta gusthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kene" title="Kene">Kene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakhra" title="Malakhra">Malakhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">Pehlwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajra-mushti" title="Vajra-mushti">Vajra-mushti</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegumi" title="Tegumi">Tegumi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bultong" title="Bultong">Bultong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buno_(wrestling)" title="Buno (wrestling)">Buno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumog" title="Dumog">Dumog</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glima" class="mw-redirect" title="Glima">Glima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_wrestling" title="Greek wrestling">Greek wrestling</a></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barr%C3%B3g" title="Barróg">Barróg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collar-and-elbow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khridoli" title="Khridoli">Khridoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodno_rvanje" title="Narodno rvanje">Narodno rvanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranggeln" title="Ranggeln">Ranggeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringen" title="Ringen">Ringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwingen" title="Schwingen">Schwingen</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_wrestling" title="Canarian wrestling">Canarian wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_wrestling" title="Leonese wrestling">Leonese wrestling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_in_Turkey" title="Wrestling in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_wrestling" title="Oil wrestling">Oil wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakucak" title="Karakucak">Karakucak</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_wrestling" title="Catch wrestling">Catch wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_and_Westmorland_wrestling" title="Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling">Cumberland and Westmorland wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_wrestling" title="Devon wrestling">Devon wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_wrestling" title="Lancashire wrestling">Lancashire wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Backhold" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Backhold">Scottish Backhold</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grappling" title="Grappling">Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wrestling" title="History of wrestling">History of wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts" title="List of martial arts">List of martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submission_wrestling" title="Submission wrestling">Submission wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_World_Wrestling" title="United World Wrestling">United World Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&oldid=1235423588">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&oldid=1235423588</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Folk_wrestling_styles" title="Category:Folk wrestling styles">Folk wrestling styles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_originating_in_Ireland" title="Category:Sports originating in Ireland">Sports originating in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_martial_arts" title="Category:European martial arts">European martial arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wrestling_in_Ireland" title="Category:Wrestling in Ireland">Wrestling in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Martial_arts_in_Ireland" title="Category:Martial arts in Ireland">Martial arts in Ireland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_October_2013" title="Category:EngvarB from October 2013">EngvarB from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2013" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2013">Use dmy dates from October 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 July 2024, at 06:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collar-and-elbow&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-7bhvz","wgBackendResponseTime":175,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.477","walltime":"0.677","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1882,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":39658,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2547,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":77273,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 583.249 1 -total"," 40.32% 235.139 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.12% 146.512 7 Template:Cite_web"," 20.44% 119.203 1 Template:Folk_wrestling"," 18.91% 110.306 1 Template:Navbox"," 14.91% 86.990 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.17% 47.641 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.73% 45.104 7 Template:Cite_book"," 7.61% 44.361 1 Template:Infobox_martial_art"," 6.81% 39.724 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.281","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6116619,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-9dmsb","timestamp":"20241122144527","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Collar-and-elbow","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collar-and-elbow","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3682694","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3682694","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-02-11T11:58:48Z","dateModified":"2024-07-19T06:28:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/12\/Collar_and_elbow_wrestling_match.jpg","headline":"style of folk wrestling native to Ireland"}</script> </body> </html>