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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of stud books</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_stud_books-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of stud books subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_stud_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Closed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Closed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Open</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appendix_registries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appendix_registries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Appendix registries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appendix_registries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_or_merit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_or_merit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Performance or merit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_or_merit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossbreeding_and_backbreeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossbreeding_and_backbreeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crossbreeding and backbreeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossbreeding_and_backbreeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registered_names_and_naming_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registered_names_and_naming_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Registered names and naming traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registered_names_and_naming_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Breed registry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemenn%C3%A1_kniha" title="Plemenná kniha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plemenná kniha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdbuch" title="Herdbuch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herdbuch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredoregistro" title="Bredoregistro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bredoregistro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ثبت نژاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثبت نژاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registre_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique" title="Registre généalogique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Registre généalogique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamboek" title="Stamboek – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stamboek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_trah" title="Surat trah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Surat trah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_genealogico" title="Libro genealogico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro genealogico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rzsk%C3%B6nyv" title="Törzskönyv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törzskönyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_baka" title="Daftar baka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daftar baka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamboek" title="Stamboek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stamboek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambokregister" title="Stambokregister – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stambokregister" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naslchilik_kitobi" title="Naslchilik kitobi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Naslchilik kitobi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99ga_hodowlana" title="Księga hodowlana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księga hodowlana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stud_book" title="Stud book – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stud book" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Племенная книга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Племенная книга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantakirja" title="Kantakirja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kantakirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambok" title="Stambok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stambok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Breed_registry" title="Special:EditPage/Breed registry">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Breed+registry%22">"Breed registry"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Breed+registry%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Breed+registry%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Breed+registry%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Breed+registry%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Breed+registry%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>breed registry</b>, also known as a <b>herdbook</b>, <b>studbook</b> or <b>register</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">animal husbandry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hobby" title="Hobby">hobby</a> of <a href="/wiki/Animal_fancy" title="Animal fancy">animal fancy</a>, is an official list of animals within a specific <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a> whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders while they are young. The terms studbook and register are also used to refer to lists of male animals "standing at stud", that is, those animals actively breeding, as opposed to every known specimen of that breed. Such registries usually issue certificates for each recorded animal, called a <b>pedigree</b>, <b>pedigreed animal documentation</b>, or most commonly, an animal's "<b>papers</b>". Registration papers may consist of a simple certificate or a listing of ancestors in the animal's background, sometimes with a chart showing the lineage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_registries">Types of registries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types of registries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are breed registries and <a href="/wiki/Breed_club" title="Breed club">breed clubs</a> for several species of animal, such as <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquaria" title="European Association of Zoos and Aquaria">European Association of Zoos and Aquaria</a></i> (EAZA) and the US <i><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="Association of Zoos and Aquariums">Association of Zoos and Aquariums</a></i> (AZA) also maintains stud books for <a href="/wiki/Captivity_(animal)" title="Captivity (animal)">captive species</a> on display ranging from aardvarks to zebras.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">Kennel clubs</a> always maintain registries, either directly or through affiliated <a href="/wiki/Breed_club_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Breed club (dog)">dog breed clubs</a>. Some multi-breed clubs also maintain registries, as do non-affiliated breed clubs, and there are a few registries that are maintained by other private entities such as insurance agencies; an example of this in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Field_Dog_Stud_Book" title="Field Dog Stud Book">Field Dog Stud Book</a>. <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">Working dog</a> organizations also maintain registries. </p><p>There are also entities that refer to themselves as registries, but that are thinly veiled marketing devices for vendors of puppies and adult dogs, as well as a means of collecting registration fees from novice dog owners unfamiliar with reputable registries and breed clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although these entities generally focus on dogs, particularly in relationship to the <a href="/wiki/Puppy_mill" title="Puppy mill">puppy mill</a> industry, some are marketed as cat registries. At least one group claims to register wild species (held by private individuals rather than by legitimate zoological parks, which use the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="Association of Zoos and Aquariums">AZA</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">Horse breeding</a> also has such problematic registries, particularly for certain <a href="/wiki/Color_breed" title="Color breed">color breeds</a>. While many color breeds are legitimate, some "registries" are primarily a marketing tool for poor quality animals that are not accepted for registration by more mainstream organizations. Other "registries" are marketing attempts to create new horse breeds, usually by breeders using <a href="/wiki/Crossbreeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbreeding">crossbreeding</a> to create a new type, but the animals are not yet <a href="/wiki/True_breeding" class="mw-redirect" title="True breeding">breeding true</a>. </p><p>Many such questionable registries are incorporated as for-profit commercial businesses, in contrast to the formal not-for-profit status of most reputable breed clubs. They may provide volume discounts for registrations by commercial dog breeders such as puppy mills. An unscrupulous registry for dogs or horses is often spotted by a policy to not require any proof of pedigree at all. In the dog world, such registries may not sponsor competitions and thus cannot award championship points to identify the best individuals registered within a particular breed or species. In the less-organized world of <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">horse shows</a>, where many different sanctioning organizations exist, some groups sponsor their own competitions, though wins at such events seldom carry much prestige in mainstream circles. </p><p>Some registers have the word "registry" in their title used in the sense of "list"; these entities are not registers in the usual sense in that they do not maintain breeding records. In the dog world, listed animals are required to be <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">de-sexed</a>. The American Mixed Breed Obedience Registry is an example. Some <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> organizations create a recording system for tracking the competition records of <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, but, though horses of any sex may be recorded, they also do not maintain breeding or progeny records. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Equestrian_Federation" title="United States Equestrian Federation">United States Equestrian Federation</a> is one organization that uses such a system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_stud_books">Types of stud books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of stud books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closed">Closed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Closed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A closed stud book is a stud book or breed registry that does not accept any outside blood. The registered animals and all subsequent offspring trace back to the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_bloodstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation bloodstock">foundation stock</a>. This ensures that the animal is a <a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">purebred</a> member of the breed. In horses, an example of a closed stud book is that of the <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbred</a>, with a stud book tracing to 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> is an example of a <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">kennel club</a> with primarily closed books for <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>; it allows new breeds to develop under its Foundation Stock Service (FSS), but such dogs are not eligible for competition in AKC <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation shows</a>, although they do compete at those shows in the FSS category. For the breed to move to the Miscellaneous class and then to fully recognized status, the breed's stud book must be closed. </p><p>A closed stud book allows the breed to stay very pure to its type, but limits its ability to be improved. For instance, in performance disciplines, an animal that is successful in competitions is generally worth more than one that is pure. It also limits the <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a>, which may make certain undesirable characteristics become accentuated in the breed, such as a poor conformational fault or a disease. </p><p>Some closed stud books, particularly for certain European breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/Finnhorse" title="Finnhorse">Finnhorse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trakehner" title="Trakehner">Trakehner</a>, may also have a set of studbook selection criteria where animals must meet either a conformation standard, a performance standard, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open">Open</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Open"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an open stud book, animals may be registered even if their parents or earlier ancestors were not previously registered with that particular entity. Usually an open stud book has strict <a href="/wiki/Studbook_selection" title="Studbook selection">studbook selection</a> criteria that require an animal to meet a certain standard of conformation, performance or both. This allows breeders to modify breeds by including individuals who conform to the breed standard but are of outside origin. Some <a href="/wiki/Horse_breed" title="Horse breed">horse breeds</a> allow <a href="/wiki/Crossbred" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbred">crossbreds</a> who meet specific criteria to be registered. One example is the semi-open stud book of the <a href="/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse" title="American Quarter Horse">American Quarter Horse</a>, which still accepts horses of Thoroughbred breeding, particularly via its <a href="#Appendix">appendix registry</a>. Among dogs, an example of an open stud book would be the registries maintained by the <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> as its Foundation Stock Service. In some cases, an open stud book may eventually become closed once the breed type is deemed to be fully set. </p><p>In some agricultural breeds, an otherwise closed registry includes a <i>grading up</i> route for the incorporation of cross-bred animals. Often such incorporation is limited to females, with the progeny only being accepted as full pedigree animals after several generations of breeding to full-blood males. Such mechanisms may also allow the incorporation of purebred animals descended from unregistered stock or of uncertain parentage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More controversial open stud books are those where there are few, if any qualifications for animals other than a single trait, such as a "<a href="/wiki/Color_breed" title="Color breed">color breed</a>," particularly when the color is not a true-breeding characteristic. However, some breeds have a standard color or color preference that is one criterion among others used to register animals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appendix_registries">Appendix registries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Appendix registries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some open or partly open registries may permit animals who have some but not all qualifications for full registration to nonetheless be entered in a preliminary recording system often called an "appendix" registry. The most notable is that of the <a href="/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse_Association" title="American Quarter Horse Association">American Quarter Horse Association</a>, which allows part-Thoroughbred/part-Quarter Horse foals to be recorded and shown, with full registration allowed after the horse achieves a set performance or merit standard akin to that of a merit registry. Other appendix registries are seen in certain <a href="/wiki/Color_breed" title="Color breed">color breeds</a> of horses, such as the <a href="/wiki/Appaloosa" title="Appaloosa">Appaloosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Paint_Horse" title="American Paint Horse">American Paint Horse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Cream_Draft_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cream Draft Horse">American Cream Draft Horse</a>, where foals with the proper pedigree for registration but do not meet the color standard for the breed, yet may still carry the necessary genetics in a minimally-expressed form, may be registered and bred to fully registered animals, with ensuing offspring eligible for registration if they meet the breed standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Performance_or_merit">Performance or merit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Performance or merit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another form of open registry is a registry based on performance or conformation, called in some societies <i>Registry on Merit.</i> In such registries, an eligible animal that meets certain criteria is eligible to be registered <i>on merit,</i> regardless of ancestry. In some cases, even unknown or undocumented ancestry may be permitted. </p><p>The Registry on Merit or ROM may be tied to percentage of bloodline, conformation, or classification or may be based solely on performance. </p><p>In the horse world, many <a href="/wiki/Warmblood" title="Warmblood">warmblood</a> breed organizations require a conformation and performance standard for registration, and often allow horses of many different breeds to qualify, though documented pedigrees are usually required. Some breed registries use a form of ROM in which horses at certain shows may be sight classified. For example, at qualifying shows in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, winning horses of stock-type breeding receive points for conformation, which are attested to by the judges and recorded in an owner's special book. The points are accumulated to eventually result in a Registry on Merit. </p><p>Registry on Merit is prevalent with <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">sheepdog</a> registries, in particular those of the <a href="/wiki/Border_Collie" title="Border Collie">Border Collie</a>, and some other breeds with a heavy emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Working_dog" title="Working dog">working ability</a>. In this type of ROM, the dog's conformation and ancestry generally does not matter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papers">Papers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breed registries usually issue certificates for each recorded animal, called a <i>pedigree</i>, <i>pedigreed animal documentation</i>, or most commonly, an animal's "papers". Registration papers may consist of a simple certificate or a listing of ancestors in the animal's background, sometimes with a chart showing the lineage. Usually, there is space for the listing of successive owners, who must sign and date the document if the animal is gifted, leased or sold. Papers transferred upon sale of an animal may be submitted to the registry in order to update the ownership information, and in most cases, the registry will then issue a new set of papers listing the new owner as the proper owner of the horse. Genuine papers are often identifiable as containing the registered <a href="/wiki/Pet_naming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet naming">name</a> and number of the individual animal and its date of birth, the name of the attesting organization, with the logo if there is one, the name and signature of the registrar or other authorized person, and a corporate stamp or seal. </p><p>Documentation usually included on registration certificates or papers includes: </p> <ul><li>name of sire (father) and dam (mother)</li> <li>names of other ancestors, to the number of generations required by the issuing organization</li> <li>In dogs, details of originating litter</li> <li>identifiable markings</li> <li>name, address and registered number of the breeder (often defined as the owner of the female at the time of the animal's conception or birth)</li> <li>name and address of the original owner who registered the foal.</li></ul> <p>Registration papers are sometimes used as certificates of title.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossbreeding_and_backbreeding">Crossbreeding and backbreeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crossbreeding and backbreeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some registries, breeders may apply for permission to <a href="/wiki/Crossbreeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbreeding">crossbreed</a> other breeds into the line to emphasize certain traits, to keep the breed from <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> or to alleviate problems caused in the breed by <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a> from a limited set of animals. A related preservation method is backbreeding, used by some equine and canine registries, in which crossbred individuals are mated back to purebreds to eliminate undesirable traits acquired through the crossbreeding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Registered_names_and_naming_traditions">Registered names and naming traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Registered names and naming traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Breed_registry" title="Special:EditPage/Breed registry">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Naming rules vary according to the species and breed being registered. For example, <a href="/wiki/Horse_show" title="Horse show">show horses</a> have a <i>registered name</i>, that is, the name under which they are registered as a <a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">purebred</a> with the appropriate breed registry, and <a href="/wiki/Purebred_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Purebred dog">purebred dogs</a> intended for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_dog_sports" title="List of dog sports">sport</a> of <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation showing</a> must be registered with the <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">kennel club</a> in which they will compete; and although there are no specific naming requirements, there are many traditions that may be observed in naming. </p><p>Along with a registered name, these animals often also have a simpler "<a href="/wiki/Pet_naming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet naming">pet name</a>" known as a call name for dogs or a stable name for horses, which is used by their owners or handlers when talking to the animal. For example, the famous <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbred</a> <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">race horse</a> <a href="/wiki/Man_o%27_War_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man o' War (horse)">Man o' War</a> was known by his stable name, "Big Red." The name can be anything that the animal's owner prefers. For example, the dog that won the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Kennel_Club_Dog_Show" title="Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show">Westminster</a> show (US) was named <a href="/wiki/K-Run%27s_Park_Me_In_First" title="K-Run's Park Me In First">K-Run's Park Me In First</a>, with the call name of "Uno".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dogs in the breed registry of a working dog club (particularly <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">herding dogs</a>) must usually have simple, no-nonsense monikers deemed to be "working dog names" such as "Pal", "Blackie", or "Ginger". The naming rules for independent dog clubs vary but are usually similar to those of kennel clubs. </p><p>The registered name often refers directly or indirectly to the breeder of the animal. Traditionally, the <a href="/wiki/Breeder" title="Breeder">breeder</a>'s kennel prefix forms the first part of the dog's registered name. For example, all dogs bred at the Gold Mine Kennels would have names that begin with the words "Gold Mine". Horse breeders are usually not required to do this, but often find it to be a good form of commercial promotion to include a stable name or farm initials in the horse's name. For example, Gold Mine Stables may name give all horses names with the prefix "Gold Mine", "GM", or "GMS". The <a href="/wiki/Jockey_Club" title="Jockey Club">Jockey Club</a>, which registers <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbreds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, requires stable names to be registered, but does not require their use in animal names. </p><p>Many dog breeders name their puppies sequentially, based on litter identification: Groups of puppies may be organized as Litter A, Litter B, and so on. When this is done, the names of all the puppies in litter A start with the letter "A," then "B" for litter B and so on. Horse breeders, especially in Europe, sometimes use the first letter of the dam's name as the first letter in the name of all of her offspring. Other breeders may use the same first letter to designate all the foals born on the farm in a given year. </p><p>Some breeders create a name that incorporates or acknowledges the names of the sire, dam or other forebears. For example, the famous <a href="/wiki/Cutting_(sport)" title="Cutting (sport)">cutting</a> horse <a href="/wiki/Doc_O%27Lena" title="Doc O'Lena">Doc O'Lena</a> was by <a href="/wiki/Doc_Bar" title="Doc Bar">Doc Bar</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Poco_Lena" title="Poco Lena">Poco Lena</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Poco_Bueno" title="Poco Bueno">Poco Bueno</a>. Some names are a little less direct; 2003 <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Derby" title="Kentucky Derby">Kentucky Derby</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Funny_Cide" title="Funny Cide">Funny Cide</a> was by <a href="/wiki/Distorted_Humor" title="Distorted Humor">Distorted Humor</a> out of Belle's Good Cide, and the famous race horse <a href="/wiki/Native_Dancer" title="Native Dancer">Native Dancer</a> was by Polynesian out of Geisha. </p><p>Other breeders use themes. For example, a more imaginative breeder at the Gold Mine Kennels might name all the puppies of one litter after green precious stones: Gold Mine Emerald, Gold Mine Jade, and Gold Mine Peridot. Names for a subsequent litter might start with the adjectives describing precious stones: Gold Mine Sparkle, Gold Mine Brilliance, and Gold Mine Chatoyant. Breeders may be as creative or as mundane as they wish. </p><p>In order to minimize the unwieldiness that long and fancy names can bring, registries usually limit the total number of characters and sometimes number of separate words that may compose the animal's registered name. They are often prohibited from using only punctuation or odd capitalization to create a unique name; names are often published in all capitals on registration papers. Breeders are generally not allowed to use any name that may be obscene or misleading, such as the word 'champion' in a name, a <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a>, or anything that can be mistaken for the name of another <a href="/wiki/Kennel" title="Kennel">kennel</a> or, sometimes, <a href="/wiki/Stable" title="Stable">stable</a>. Only after an animal has achieved a legitimate championship will some registries permit the use of the prefix Ch., or other title before or after their registered name. Some registries may use symbols to designate the status of certain individuals. An <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> * may be used to designate an animal born in another country and imported. A plus + may be used to designate a champion or an animal under special registration status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cattle_herd_books" title="List of cattle herd books">List of cattle herd books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Cat registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_breeding" title="Dog breeding">Dog breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">Horse breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">Kennel club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">Inbreeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_relationship" title="Coefficient of relationship">Coefficient of relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_naming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet naming">Pet naming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aza.org/studbooks/">"Association of Zoos and Aquariums - Studbooks"</a>. Aza.org. 24 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Association+of+Zoos+and+Aquariums+-+Studbooks&rft.pub=Aza.org&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aza.org%2Fstudbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreed+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/breedregistries.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051220184740/http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/breedregistries.htm">Archived</a> December 20, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031221134420/http://www.kyhorsepark.com/imh/bw/tbred.html">"Kentucky Horse Park"</a>. Kyhorsepark.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyhorsepark.com/imh/bw/tbred.html">the original</a> on 21 December 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Horse+Park&rft.pub=Kyhorsepark.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyhorsepark.com%2Fimh%2Fbw%2Ftbred.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreed+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hippos.fi/files/15505/Jalostusarvostelu_ja_palkitseminen200616.pdf">Finnhorse's registration, studbook registration, awarding and use to breeding</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017002729/http://www.hippos.fi/files/15505/Jalostusarvostelu_ja_palkitseminen200616.pdf">Archived</a> 17 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hippos.fi/files/14056/Rakenne_ja_terveysvaatimukset151215.pdf">Finnhorse's conformation and health requirements</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027013255/http://www.hippos.fi/files/14056/Rakenne_ja_terveysvaatimukset151215.pdf">Archived</a> 27 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>British White Cattle Society Constitution, Rules and Byelaws</i>, [UK] British White Cattle Society, 1998, ("Base Cow Register" and "Grading-up Regulations"). Allows inclusion of inspected cross-bred female cattle after four generations of crossing with registered males, or inspected pure-bred non-pedigree female cattle after three generations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Shetland Sheep Society Information Handbook</i>, [UK] Shetland Sheep Society, 2007, (p20: Rule 3.3, "The Experimental Register"). Allows inclusion of inspected non-pedigree female sheep after three generations of crossing with registered males.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2013" class="citation book cs1">Becker, Frank (2013). <i>Equine Law</i>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-90347-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-90347-7"><bdi>978-0-615-90347-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equine+Law&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-615-90347-7&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABreed+registry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/2008/results/bis/">2008 Winner of Best in Show Trophy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509145855/http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/2008/results/bis/">Archived</a> May 9, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breed_registry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An example of acceptable <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165505/http://heritagehogs.org/m/articles/view/Facts-about-our-registry">hog registration and identification standards</a> by the Heritage Hog Breeders Club.</li> <li>See the American Border Collie Association's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050207080840/http://americanbordercollie.org/ROM.htm">Registry on Merit Program</a>.</li> <li>A near-comprehensive list of multi-breed registries operating in North America, flagging questionable registries, has been prepared by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051220184740/http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/breedregistries.htm">Canada's Guide To Dogs</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328072#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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