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id="toc-German_World_War_I_occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_World_War_I_occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>German World War I occupations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_World_War_I_occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weimar_Republic,_1918–1933" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weimar_Republic,_1918–1933"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Weimar Republic, 1918–1933</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Weimar_Republic,_1918–1933-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Weimar Republic, 1918–1933 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Weimar_Republic,_1918–1933-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reichspost_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reichspost_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Reichspost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reichspost_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plebiscite_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plebiscite_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Plebiscite areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plebiscite_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danzig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danzig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Danzig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danzig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memel_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memel_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Memel territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memel_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Saar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_Germany,_1933–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_Germany,_1933–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nazi Germany, 1933–1945</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nazi_Germany,_1933–1945-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nazi Germany, 1933–1945 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nazi_Germany,_1933–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reichspost_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reichspost_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Reichspost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reichspost_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudetenland/Bohemia_and_Moravia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudetenland/Bohemia_and_Moravia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudetenland/Bohemia_and_Moravia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_World_War_II_occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_World_War_II_occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>German World War II occupations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_World_War_II_occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divided_Germany,_1945–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divided_Germany,_1945–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Divided Germany, 1945–1990</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Divided_Germany,_1945–1990-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Divided Germany, 1945–1990 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Divided_Germany,_1945–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Local issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Allied occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saar_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saar_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Saar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saar_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Deutsche Post of the GDR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutsche_Bundespost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsche_Bundespost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Deutsche Bundespost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsche_Bundespost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_reunification,_1990–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_reunification,_1990–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>After reunification, 1990–present</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-After_reunification,_1990–present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle After reunification, 1990–present subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-After_reunification,_1990–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deutsche_Post_AG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutsche_Post_AG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Deutsche Post AG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutsche_Post_AG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References and sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%85%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γραμματόσημα και ταχυδρομική ιστορία της Γερμανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματόσημα και ταχυδρομική ιστορία της Γερμανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_postal_de_Alemania" title="Historia postal de Alemania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia postal de Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاریخچه پست آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخچه پست آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_philat%C3%A9lique_et_postale_de_l%27Allemagne" title="Histoire philatélique et postale de l'Allemagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire philatélique et postale de l'Allemagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selos_e_hist%C3%B3ria_postal_da_Alemanha" title="Selos e história postal da Alemanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Selos e história postal da Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="История почты и почтовых марок Германии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История почты и почтовых марок Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulla_postale_gjermane" title="Pulla postale gjermane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pulla postale gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya%27n%C4%B1n_posta_tarihi_ve_posta_pullar%C4%B1" title="Almanya'nın posta tarihi ve posta pulları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya'nın posta tarihi ve posta pulları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%83%B5%E7%A5%A8" title="德國郵票 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德國郵票" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/First_Bavaria_postage_stamp_1k_1849_issue.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Bavaria Scott #1, the first German stamp, 1849</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a survey of the <b><a href="/wiki/Postage" class="mw-redirect" title="Postage">postage</a> stamps and <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a> of Germany</b> and <a href="/wiki/Philately" title="Philately">philatelically</a> related areas. The main modern providers of service were the <a href="/wiki/Reichspost" title="Reichspost">Reichspost</a> (1871–1945), the Deutsche Post under Allied control (1945–1949), the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR" title="Deutsche Post of the GDR">Deutsche Post of the GDR</a> (1949–1990), the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost" title="Deutsche Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</a> (1949–1995), along with the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin" title="Deutsche Bundespost Berlin">Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</a> (1949–1990), and are now the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post AG</a> (since 1995). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metzger_Post">Metzger Post</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Metzger Post"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Metzger Post is credited to be perhaps the first international post of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> of <a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">butchers</a> (German: Metzger) organized courier mail services with horses; when the mail arrived they used a <a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">horn</a> to announce it and thus created a commonly recognized <a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">emblem</a> for postal services. The Metzger Post was established in the twelfth century and survived until 1637, when Thurn und Taxis's monopoly took over.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thurn_und_Taxis">Thurn und Taxis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Thurn und Taxis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1497, on behalf of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Taxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz von Taxis">Franz von Taxis</a> established a postal service that replaced the <i>ad hoc</i> courier for official mail.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A horse relay system was created that shortened the transit time for mail and made its arrival predictable. Thereafter, the house of <a href="/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Thurn und Taxis">Thurn und Taxis</a> using the imperial yellow and black livery maintained the postal privilege for many centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Thurn-und-Taxis_Post" title="Thurn-und-Taxis Post">Thurn-und-Taxis Post</a> employed the first horse-drawn mail coaches in Europe since Roman times (in 1650). They started in the town of <a href="/wiki/Kocs" title="Kocs">Kocs</a>, giving rise to the term "coach".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thurn und Taxis stamp, Northern District, 1865"><img alt="Thurn und Taxis stamp, Northern District, 1865" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg/120px-Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg/180px-Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg/240px-Thurn_and_Taxis_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2353" data-file-height="2306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Thurn und Taxis stamp, Northern District, 1865 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thurn und Taxis stamp, Southern District, 1859"><img alt="Thurn und Taxis stamp, Southern District, 1859" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg/120px-Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg/180px-Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg/240px-Thurn_and_Taxis_52.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2287" data-file-height="2245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Thurn und Taxis stamp, Southern District, 1859</div> </li> </ul> <p>Thurn und Taxis lost its monopoly when <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine Confederation">Rhine Confederation</a> the right to conduct postal services.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_10–11_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_10–11-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency continued to operate and even issued some stamps (v.i.) but when <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> created the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a>, Thurn und Taxis had to sell its privileges in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_10–11_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_10–11-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_states">German states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Baden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Baden">Postage stamps and postal history of Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bergedorf" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bergedorf">Postage stamps and postal history of Bergedorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Hamburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Hamburg">Postage stamps and postal history of Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postal_history_of_Heligoland" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal history of Heligoland">Postal history of Heligoland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Lübeck">Postage stamps and postal history of Lübeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mecklenburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Mecklenburg">Postage stamps and postal history of Mecklenburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_North_German_Confederation" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the North German Confederation">Postage stamps and postal history of the North German Confederation</a></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/German_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="German unification">German unification</a> of 1871, individual <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_German_Confederation" title="States of the German Confederation">German states</a> and entities started to release their own stamps, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> first on November 1, 1849, with the <a href="/wiki/One_kreuzer_black" title="One kreuzer black">one kreuzer black</a>. States or entities that issued stamps subsequently were <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a> (1851), <a href="/wiki/Bergedorf" title="Bergedorf">Bergedorf</a> (1861), <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a> (1852), <a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> (1855), <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (1859), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a> (1850), <a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> (1867), <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a> (1859), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a> (1856), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a> (1864), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a> (1852), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> (1850), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a> (1850), <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a>-<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Holstein</a> (1850), and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a> (1851). Also, <a href="/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Thurn und Taxis">Thurn und Taxis</a>, while not a state, had the authority to issue stamps and transport mail and released stamps (1852). The northern German states joined in the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> in 1868 and united their postal services in the "North German Postal District" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Norddeutscher Postbezirk</i></span>). After the unification, Bavaria and Württemberg retained their postal authority to continue producing stamps until March 31, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imperial_Germany,_1871–1918"><span id="Imperial_Germany.2C_1871.E2.80.931918"></span>Imperial Germany, 1871–1918</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial Germany, 1871–1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reichspost">Reichspost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reichspost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reichspost" title="Reichspost">Reichspost</a></div> <p>The <i>Deutsche Reichspost</i> started officially on May 4, 1871, using initially stamps of the North German Confederation until it issued its first stamps on January 1, 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Stephan" title="Heinrich von Stephan">Heinrich von Stephan</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">postcard</a> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a>, was the first Postmaster-General.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common stamps of the Reichspost were the <a href="/wiki/Germania_stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania stamp">Germania stamps</a>. Germania stamps were issued from 1900 until 1922 making it the longest running series in German philately with the change in the inscription from <i>Reichspost</i> to <i>Deutsches Reich</i> being the major modification during this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_colonies">German colonies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German colonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karolinen-stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Karolinen-stamp.jpg/220px-Karolinen-stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Karolinen-stamp.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="166" /></a><figcaption>Caroline Islands, Mi #19</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_German_colonies" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies">Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies</a></div> <p>Early postage from about 1887 or 1888 consisted of common contemporary German stamps and is only recognized by the post office cancellation stamp as having been used in a colony. Such stamps are known as "Vorläufer" (<a href="/wiki/Forerunner_(stamp)" title="Forerunner (stamp)">forerunner</a>) stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next step regular stamps were used with <a href="/wiki/Overprint" title="Overprint">overprints</a> indicating the name of the territory. Generally by 1896 and thereafter overprinted stamps were issued by the German authorities for all colonies: <a href="/wiki/German_South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="German South-West Africa">German South-West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou">Kiautschou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>. By about 1900 the <a href="/wiki/Yacht_issue" title="Yacht issue">yacht issue</a> was introduced for the various colonial territories which had a uniform appearance depicting the imperial yacht <i><a href="/wiki/SMY_Hohenzollern" title="SMY Hohenzollern">SMY Hohenzollern</a></i>. After Germany lost control of its colonies in the course of World War I, overprinted yacht stamps were temporarily used by the new colonial rulers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_offices_abroad">German offices abroad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: German offices abroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_abroad" title="German post offices abroad">German post offices abroad</a></div> <p>Imperial Germany maintained post offices in certain towns in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and China. Issued stamps can be recognized by the cancellation stamp or the overprint may show local denomination and the name of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_World_War_I_occupations">German World War I occupations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: German World War I occupations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War I, German authorities issued stamps in occupied countries, namely Belgium, Poland, Romania, and areas of the western and eastern front.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weimar_Republic,_1918–1933"><span id="Weimar_Republic.2C_1918.E2.80.931933"></span>Weimar Republic, 1918–1933</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Weimar Republic, 1918–1933"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flugpost_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flugpost_2.jpg/220px-Flugpost_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flugpost_2.jpg/330px-Flugpost_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flugpost_2.jpg/440px-Flugpost_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Scott #C1 from 1919 – the first <a href="/wiki/Air_mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Air mail">air mail</a> stamp</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reichspost_2">Reichspost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reichspost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germaniafurkrieg5pf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Germaniafurkrieg5pf.jpg/170px-Germaniafurkrieg5pf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Germaniafurkrieg5pf.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Scott #B1 from 1919 – the first <a href="/wiki/Semipostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semipostal">semipostal</a> stamp</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Reichspost" title="Reichspost">Reichspost</a></i> continued to function as a governmental entity after Germany became a <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">republic</a>. In 1919 the Reichspost issued its first <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airmail" title="Airmail">airmail</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Semipostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semipostal">semipostal</a> stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first semipostal stamp in 1919 carried a surcharge for the benefit of victims of war (Scott #B1). In 1923 during <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a>, the Reichspost issued stamps up to 50 billion marks. The main common stamp series then was the "famous German people" series, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Hindenburg</a> stamps. The first of the valuable German <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> stamps appeared in 1928, Scott #C35–37. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plebiscite_areas">Plebiscite areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Plebiscite areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Allenstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Allenstein">Postage stamps and postal history of Allenstein</a></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> a number of areas underwent <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscites</a> in 1920 to determine their future fate. These areas briefly issued stamps: <a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="East Prussian plebiscite">Allenstein and Marienwerder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danzig">Danzig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Danzig"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Treaty of Versailles the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> was established as an independent entity in 1920. At first German stamps were still used, after a while overprinted with "Danzig".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter Danzig introduced its own stamps until 1939. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Post" title="Polish Post">Polish Post</a> maintained a presence in Danzig and issued <i>Port Gdansk</i> overprinted Polish stamps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memel_territory">Memel territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Memel territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20milmillones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20milmillones.jpg/170px-20milmillones.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20milmillones.jpg/255px-20milmillones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/20milmillones.jpg/340px-20milmillones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">Hyperinflation</a> stamp, 1923 (Scott #298)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Treaty of Versailles, the <a href="/wiki/Memel_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Memel Territory">Memel Territory</a> (Memelland, Klaipėda) was established. Initially German then French and Lithuanian overprinted stamps were used. Memel issued stamps between 1920 and 1923 when it was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saar">Saar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Saar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Saar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar">Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar</a></div> <p>After the Treaty of Versailles the <a href="/wiki/Saar_(League_of_Nations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (League of Nations)">Saar</a> territory was administered by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. It issued its own stamps from 1920 to 1935 when it returned to Germany after a <a href="/wiki/1935_Saar_status_referendum" title="1935 Saar status referendum">plebiscite</a>. The first stamps were overprinted German and Bavarian stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_598_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michel_598-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazi_Germany,_1933–1945"><span id="Nazi_Germany.2C_1933.E2.80.931945"></span>Nazi Germany, 1933–1945</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nazi Germany, 1933–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pictorial_list_of_postage_stamps_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Pictorial list of postage stamps in Nazi Germany">Pictorial list of postage stamps in Nazi Germany</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reichspost_3">Reichspost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reichspost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg/170px-Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg/255px-Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg/340px-Adolf_Hitler_42_Pfennig_stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3678" data-file-height="4342" /></a><figcaption>Stamp of Nazi Germany: Chancellor and Führer of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Greater German Reich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1944)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, the <i>Reichspost</i> continued to function as a monopoly of the government under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Reichspostministerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichspostministerium">Reichspostministerium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a> took hold and influenced stamp design and policy. The <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> head stamp became the stamp for common usage, and a large number of <a href="/wiki/Semipostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semipostal">semipostal</a> stamps were issued. In the last year before the end of the war the stamp inscription "Deutsches Reich" was changed to "Grossdeutsches Reich" (Greater German Empire). <a href="/wiki/Field_post_office" title="Field post office">Field post</a> stamps were issued for the military forces starting in 1942. The world's first <a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">postal code</a> system was introduced on July 25, 1941, with a two-digit number system.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_71_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system was initially used for the packet service and later applied to all mail deliveries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudetenland/Bohemia_and_Moravia"><span id="Sudetenland.2FBohemia_and_Moravia"></span>Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sudetenland/Bohemia and Moravia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Munich_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich agreement">Munich agreement</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> became German territory in 1938 and initially, Czechoslovak stamps were used locally with an overprint, before German stamps became available. After the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany">occupation of Czechoslovakia</a>, Czechoslovak stamps were initially overprinted before new designs were issued by <i><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></i>. These new stamps were issued until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_World_War_II_occupations">German World War II occupations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: German World War II occupations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg/220px-Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg/330px-Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg/440px-Stamp-ussr-thirdreich1941-album.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>German overstamp on the postage of USSR, with the date of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raseiniai" title="Battle of Raseiniai">Battle of Raseiniai</a></figcaption></figure><p> During the course of World War II German authorities issued stamps in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estland</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courland" title="Courland">Kurland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia (country)">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>), parts of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zante" class="mw-redirect" title="Zante">Zante</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divided_Germany,_1945–1990"><span id="Divided_Germany.2C_1945.E2.80.931990"></span>Divided Germany, 1945–1990</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Divided Germany, 1945–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_issues">Local issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Local issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the process of the collapse of Nazi Germany, mail services became disrupted or ceased. Various communities established services locally during the void often using defaced Hitler stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_occupation">Allied occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Allied occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg/170px-Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg/255px-Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg/340px-Bi_Zone_1945_16_DE_M-Serie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>AM Post stamp 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg/170px-Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg/255px-Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg/340px-Deutsche_Post_-_1_Reichsmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Common issue 1946, Scott #556</figcaption></figure> <p>After Germany surrendered from the war, it was divided into four areas, Russian, American, French, and British. Between 1945–1949 was considered to be an interesting period in time as it was complicated to determine how many stamps were issued throughout this time and they were appearing in different areas.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Germany">occupation of Germany</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied powers</a> postal services returned but were administered under different authorities. <abbr title="Allied Military">AM</abbr> Post stamps were provided by the American and British occupation services during 1945 as the first step to restore mail service in their jurisdictions. By December 1945, the French authorities issued stamps for the "zone française", later to be supplemented by stamps for <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheinland-Pfalz" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinland-Pfalz">Rheinland-Pfalz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>. In addition, separate stamps were provided for the <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Saar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar">Saar</a>. In the Soviet zone, from 1945, the various provinces – namely, Berlin-<a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>, Saxony (Ost Sachsen, West Sachsen, Provinz Sachsen), and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> – issued different stamps. In 1946, German stamps were issued as <i>Deutsche Post</i> for the American, British, and Soviet zones but not the French zone. The distinctive use of yellow to signify postal service was decreed by the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Allied Control Council</a> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the development of the Cold War, however, attempts to unify the postal system failed. By 1948, even before the establishment of the two German republics, the common stamps had been replaced by definitives for the Soviet zone, and different sets of stamps for the <a href="/wiki/Bizone" title="Bizone">bizone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saar_2">Saar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Saar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Saar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar">Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar</a></div> <p>After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Saar_(protectorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (protectorate)">Saar</a> territory came under French administration and issued its own stamps from 1947 to 1956. Following a <a href="/wiki/1955_Saar_Statute_referendum" title="1955 Saar Statute referendum">referendum</a> it was returned to Germany in 1956, and continued its stamps series until 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Michel_598_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michel_598-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin">Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Deutsche Bundespost Berlin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin" title="Deutsche Bundespost Berlin">Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>, under the jurisdiction of the three western powers, started to release its own stamps on September 3, 1948. It continued to issue stamps under the <i>Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</i> label for 42 years, a total of over 800 different stamps, until the reunification in 1990. Many West Berlin stamps were similar to the stamps of West Germany. West Berlin and West German stamps could be used in either jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR">Deutsche Post of the GDR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Deutsche Post of the GDR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_of_the_GDR" title="Deutsche Post of the GDR">Deutsche Post of the GDR</a></div> <p>With the formation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (GDR) the <i>Deutsche Post of the GDR</i> service was established as the governmental agency to provide mail services.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first stamp was released on October 9, 1949. About 3,000 different stamps were produced during the life of the existence of the DP; relatively low, however, was the number of semipostals. Stamps were to some degree used to gain currency abroad, that is some stamps were not produced for circulation but sold directly to <a href="/wiki/Stamp_dealer" title="Stamp dealer">stamp dealers</a>. Also, for some sets a specific stamp was produced at an intentionally low number – called a [Sperrwert] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |trans= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> – to artificially increase the value and sell it for more money to stamp dealers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the 1990 reunification, the <i>Deutsche Post</i> became part of the <i>Deutsche Bundespost</i>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutsche_Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Deutsche Bundespost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost" title="Deutsche Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</a></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> was formed the <i>Deutsche Bundespost</i> (German federal post office) became the governmental agency with the monopoly for postal services; the name was adopted in 1950, prior to that year, it was called <i>Deutsche Post</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue of the FRG was released on September 7, 1949 (Scott #665–666). In 1961, the two-digit <a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">postal code</a> was replaced with a four-digit code;<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_71_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay_71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was replaced after reunification. By the time of reunification, about 1,400 different stamps had been issued. The process of converting the governmental agency into a public company was initiated in 1989 by separating postal services from post bank and communication services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_reunification,_1990–present"><span id="After_reunification.2C_1990.E2.80.93present"></span>After reunification, 1990–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: After reunification, 1990–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DFB-Marke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/DFB-Marke.jpg/170px-DFB-Marke.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/DFB-Marke.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Soccer stamp of the Deutsche Post, 2000, Scott #2063</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutsche_Post_AG">Deutsche Post AG</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Deutsche Post AG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Post AG">Deutsche Post AG</a></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, the <i>Bundespost</i> with the incorporated <i>Deutsche Post</i> of the GDR provided postal services for the whole territory of the Federal Republic, and German stamps regardless of origin were postally valid until their date of expiration: for the stamps of the GDR Mi # 1004–3343, this was October 1, 1990, and for GDR Mi 3344-3365 December 12, 1991;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter was the same date for the expiration of the West Berlin stamps Mi #326–879.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1993, a new five-digit postal code had been introduced. In 1995, the Bundespost was converted into a stock company – the <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Post AG">Deutsche Post AG</a></i> – the shares of which became available in 2000. The company with its subsidiaries operates in <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> on a global scale. <br /> Although the postal service was privatized, the stamps are still printed and provided by the German government. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Scott_catalogue" title="Scott catalogue">Scott catalogue</a>, the following number of different stamps (regular and <a href="/wiki/Semi-postal_stamp" title="Semi-postal stamp">semi-postal</a>) were issued by the <i>Reichspost</i> (1871–1945), <i>Deutsche Post</i> (GDR) (1949–1990), <i>Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</i> (1949–1990), and <i>Deutsche Bundespost</i> (1949–1990): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:60%"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th width="30%" align="center">Postal Authority </th> <th width="23%" align="center">Regular stamps issued </th> <th width="23%" align="center">Semi-postal stamps issued </th> <th width="23%" align="center">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Reichspost" title="Reichspost">Reichspost</a></i> </td> <td align="center">556 </td> <td align="center">293 </td> <td align="center">849 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post_(GDR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Post (GDR)"><i>Deutsche Post</i> (GDR)</a> </td> <td align="center">2,805 </td> <td align="center">191 </td> <td align="center">2,996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost_Berlin" title="Deutsche Bundespost Berlin">Deutsche Bundespost Berlin</a></i> </td> <td align="center">592 </td> <td align="center">285 </td> <td align="center">877 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundespost" title="Deutsche Bundespost">Deutsche Bundespost</a></i> </td> <td align="center">955 </td> <td align="center">395 </td> <td align="center">1,350 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <th><b>Total</b> </th> <th align="center">4,908 </th> <th align="center">1,164 </th> <th align="center">6,072 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feldheim_Collection" title="Feldheim Collection">Feldheim Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_stamps_of_the_German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people on stamps of the German Democratic Republic">List of people on stamps of the German Democratic Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mackay_9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackay1988">Mackay 1988</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thurn-taxis.com">"From Thurn & Taxis Post to Phone Book of the World, ongoing Telecom History since 732 years"</a>. <i>Phone Book of the World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phone+Book+of+the+World&rft.atitle=From+Thurn+%26+Taxis+Post+to+Phone+Book+of+the+World%2C+ongoing+Telecom+History+since+732+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthurn-taxis.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton1854" class="citation journal cs1">Norton, Charles B. (April 1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QjQAAAAAYAAJ&dq=taxi+maximilian+post+quarterly&pg=PA4">"Our National Post-Office"</a>. <i>The New-York Quarterly</i>. <b>3</b> (1). London: <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Low#Sampson_Low,_Son_and_Company" title="Sampson Low">Sampson Low, Son & Co.</a>: 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New-York+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Our+National+Post-Office&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1854-04&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Charles+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjQAAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dtaxi%2Bmaximilian%2Bpost%2Bquarterly%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackay1988">Mackay 1988</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackay_10–11-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_10–11_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_10–11_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackay1988">Mackay 1988</a>, pp. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, pp. 46, 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514033212/http://www.border-control-solutions.de/en/products/products_secPrinting/secPrinting_stamps/stamps_history/index.html">"History of postage stamps"</a>. <i>border-control-solutions.de</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bundesdruckerei" title="Bundesdruckerei">Bundesdruckerei</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.border-control-solutions.de/en/products/products_secPrinting/secPrinting_stamps/stamps_history/index.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=border-control-solutions.de&rft.atitle=History+of+postage+stamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.border-control-solutions.de%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fproducts_secPrinting%2FsecPrinting_stamps%2Fstamps_history%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.nu/studygroup/colonies/GCCG%20flyer.pdf">German Colonies Collectors Group</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 326ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 606ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackay1988">Mackay 1988</a>, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 422ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 456ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 526</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michel_598-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michel_598_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michel_598_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 598</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackay_71-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_71_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackay_71_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackay1988">Mackay 1988</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, pp. 622, 630ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 628</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 727ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mesastamps.com/collectible-stamps/german/">"German Stamps, German Colony Stamps"</a>. <i>Mesa Stamps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mesa+Stamps&rft.atitle=German+Stamps%2C+German+Colony+Stamps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mesastamps.com%2Fcollectible-stamps%2Fgerman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514045706/http://www.deutschepost.de/dpag?tab=1&skin=hi&check=yes&lang=de_DE&xmlFile=link1015255_15307">"Warum ist die Post gelb?"</a> [Why is the post yellow?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Post" title="Deutsche Post">Deutsche Post</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutschepost.de/dpag?tab=1&skin=hi&check=yes&lang=de_DE&xmlFile=link1015255_15307">the original</a> on May 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Post&rft.atitle=Warum+ist+die+Post+gelb%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschepost.de%2Fdpag%3Ftab%3D1%26skin%3Dhi%26check%3Dyes%26lang%3Dde_DE%26xmlFile%3Dlink1015255_15307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 1317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020011338/http://www.brandeins-wissen.de/Downloads/McK/mck11_10.pdf">"Weniger ist mehr"</a> [Less is more] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>brandeins-wissen.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeins-wissen.de/Downloads/McK/mck11_10.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brandeins-wissen.de&rft.atitle=Weniger+ist+mehr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandeins-wissen.de%2FDownloads%2FMcK%2Fmck11_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 1549</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 1238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichel_catalog1997">Michel catalog 1997</a>, p. 1410</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackay1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Mackay" title="James A. Mackay">Mackay, James</a> (1988). <i>The Guinness Book of Stamps. Facts and Feats</i>. Enfield, England: Guinness Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85112-351-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85112-351-1"><bdi>0-85112-351-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Stamps.+Facts+and+Feats&rft.place=Enfield%2C+England&rft.pub=Guinness+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85112-351-1&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_catalog1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_catalog" title="Michel catalog"><i>Michel Deutschland-Spezial-Katalog 1997</i></a>. Munich: Schwaneberger Verlag GmbH. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87858-130-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-87858-130-0"><bdi>3-87858-130-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michel+Deutschland-Spezial-Katalog+1997&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Schwaneberger+Verlag+GmbH&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-87858-130-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_catalogue2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_catalogue" title="Scott catalogue"><i>Scott 2006 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue, Volume 3</i></a>. Sidney, Ohio: Scott Publishing Co. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89487-353-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89487-353-9"><bdi>0-89487-353-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scott+2006+Standard+Postage+Stamp+Catalogue%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Sidney%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=Scott+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-89487-353-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stamp/Germany" class="extiw" title="commons:Stamp/Germany"><span style="font-style:italic; 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font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stamps_of_Germany" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stamps of Germany">Stamps of Germany</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Deutsche_Bundespost_stamps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Deutsche Bundespost stamps">Deutsche Bundespost stamps</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Deutsche_Post_stamps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Deutsche Post stamps">Deutsche Post stamps</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanphilately.org/">Germany & Colonies Philatelic Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germanyphilatelicsocietyusa.org/">Germany Philatelic Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stampuoso.com/listing/germany">Gallery of German stamps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.old-stamps.com/stamps/germany/">Images of German stamps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1887/15503">Ton Dietz: 'Postage stamps as manifestations of national identity. Germany and the Netherlands from 1849 to 2005'. In: <i>Geographische Rundschau</i>, 19: 3, 2 (2007), pag. 14–19</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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stamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">By country or<br />territory</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_%C3%85land" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Albania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Allenstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Allenstein">Allenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Andorra" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Armenia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Austria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Belarus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Belgium" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bulgaria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Crete" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Croatia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Cyprus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Dalmatia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Denmark" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Eastern_Rumelia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Estonia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Finland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Fiume" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Fiume">Fiume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_France" title="Postage stamps and postal history of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_the_French_colonies" title="Postage stamps of the French colonies">French colonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Funchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Funchal">Funchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Georgia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_German_colonies" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies">German colonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Great_Britain" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_definitives" title="Country definitives">GB regions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Greece" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Greenland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Guernsey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Heligoland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Heligoland">Heligoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Hungary" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Iceland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Ireland" title="Postage stamps of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Jersey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Karelia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kastellorizo" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Latvia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Liechtenstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Lithuania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Luxembourg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Moldova" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Monaco" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Montenegro" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mount_Athos" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Netherlands" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_North_Ingria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of North Ingria">North Ingria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_North_Macedonia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Norway" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Turkey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Turkey">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Portugal" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Portugal">Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Azores" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Madeira" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Madeira">Madeira</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Romania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Saar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar">Saar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_San_Marino" title="Postage stamps and postal history of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Serbia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Slovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Slovenia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Postage stamps of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Spain" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Sweden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Switzerland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Transnistria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Turkey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tuscany" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Ukraine" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City">Vatican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_West_Ukrainian_National_Republic" title="Postage stamps and postal history of West Ukrainian National Republic">West Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Yugoslavia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_services_abroad" title="List of postal services abroad">Post abroad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_Crete" title="Austrian post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_Liechtenstein" title="Austrian post offices in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Austrian post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_post_offices_abroad" title="List of British post offices abroad">British</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_military_post_offices_in_Africa" title="British military post offices in Africa">Africa (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_postal_agencies_in_Eastern_Arabia" title="British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_China" title="British post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_Crete" title="British post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_Morocco" title="British post offices in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Bushire_under_British_occupation" title="Postage stamps of Bushire under British occupation">Bushire occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Batum_under_British_occupation" title="Postage stamps of Batum under British occupation">Batum occupation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_abroad" title="French post offices abroad">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_China" title="French post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Crete" title="French post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Egypt" title="French post offices in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="French post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Zanzibar" title="French post offices in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_abroad" title="German post offices abroad">German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_China" title="German post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_Morocco" title="German post offices in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="German post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_Zanzibar" class="mw-redirect" title="German post offices in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Baden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bergedorf" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bergedorf">Bergedorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Hamburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mecklenburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_North_German_Confederation" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_abroad" title="Russian post offices abroad">Russian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_China" title="Russian post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_Crete" title="Russian post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Russian post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/13px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/20px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/27px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="534" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philately" title="Portal:Philately">Philately portal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Africa" title="Template:Postal history of Africa">Africa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Postal history of the Americas">Americas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Asia" title="Template:Postal history of Asia">Asia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Oceania" title="Template:Postal history of Oceania">Oceania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philately" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philately">WikiProject</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/21px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/16px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/24px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/32px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="534" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philately" title="Portal:Philately">Philately</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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