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class="mw-page-title-main">High Command Trial</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prozess_Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Prozess Oberkommando der Wehrmacht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prozess Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicio_del_Alto_Mando" title="Juicio del Alto Mando – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juicio del Alto Mando" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proc%C3%A8s_du_Haut_Commandement_militaire" title="Procès du Haut Commandement militaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Procès du Haut Commandement militaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%B0%A9%EA%B5%B0%EC%B5%9C%EA%B3%A0%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%B9%EB%B6%80_%EC%9E%AC%ED%8C%90" title="국방군최고사령부 재판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국방군최고사령부 재판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidang_Komando_Tinggi" title="Sidang Komando Tinggi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sidang Komando Tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_dell%27Alto_Comando" title="Processo dell'Alto Comando – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Processo dell'Alto Comando" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="משפט הפיקוד העליון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפט הפיקוד העליון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbicaraan_Pemerintah_Tertinggi" title="Perbicaraan Pemerintah Tertinggi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perbicaraan Pemerintah Tertinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4" title="国防軍最高司令部裁判 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国防軍最高司令部裁判" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overkommandoprosessen" title="Overkommandoprosessen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Overkommandoprosessen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_wy%C5%BCszego_dow%C3%B3dztwa" title="Proces wyższego dowództwa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proces wyższego dowództwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_contra_o_Alto_Comando" title="Processo contra o Alto Comando – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Processo contra o Alto Comando" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Нюрнбергский процесс по делу военного командования Германии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нюрнбергский процесс по делу военного командования Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%92%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Суђење Врховној команди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суђење Врховној команди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/OKW-r%C3%A4tteg%C3%A5ngen" title="OKW-rättegången – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="OKW-rättegången" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5%E9%83%A8%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4" title="國防軍最高統帥部審判 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國防軍最高統帥部審判" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">War crimes trial</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic">The High Command Trial</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter-Warlimont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/180px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/270px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/360px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="862" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Warlimont" title="Walter Warlimont">Walter Warlimont</a> in the defendants' dock of the High Command Case at Nuremberg</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> The United States of America vs. Wilhelm von Leeb, et al </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">Indictment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28 November 1947</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">28 October 1948, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>High Command Trial</b> (officially, <i><b>The United States of America vs. Wilhelm von Leeb, et al.</b></i>), also known initially as <b>Case No. 12</b> (the 13 Generals' Trial),<sup id="cite_ref-no12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later as <b>Case No. 72</b> (the German high command trial: Trial of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb" title="Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb">Wilhelm von Leeb</a> and thirteen others),<sup id="cite_ref-no72_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no72-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the last of the twelve trials for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> authorities held in their occupation zone of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the <a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="International Military Tribunal">International Military Tribunal</a>, but took place in the same rooms at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice_(Nuremberg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Justice (Nuremberg)">Palace of Justice</a>. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "<a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">subsequent Nuremberg trials</a>" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png/290px-High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png/435px-High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png/580px-High_Command_Trial_courtroom.png 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>High Command Trial courtroom</figcaption></figure> <p>The accused in this trial were high-ranking generals of the German <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> (including two <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshals</a> of the Army, one field marshal of the air force and one <a href="/wiki/General_admiral" title="General admiral">general admiral</a>), some of whom had been members of the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">High Command</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s military forces. They were charged with having participated in or planned or facilitated the execution of the numerous war crimes and atrocities committed in countries occupied by the German forces during the war. </p><p>The judges in this case, heard before Military Tribunal V-A, were the American John C. Young (presiding judge), Winfield B. Hale, and Justin W. Harding. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was <a href="/wiki/Telford_Taylor" title="Telford Taylor">Telford Taylor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictment</a> was filed on November 28, 1947; the trial lasted from December 30 that year until October 28, 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indictment">Indictment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indictment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The accused faced four charges of having committed <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimes against peace">Crimes against peace</a> by waging aggressive war against other nations and violating international treaties.</li> <li>War crimes by being responsible for murder, ill-treatment and other crimes against <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> and enemy belligerents.</li> <li>Crimes against humanity by participating or ordering the murder, torture, deportation, <a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">hostage</a>-taking, etc. of civilians .</li> <li>Participating and organizing the formulations and execution of a common plan and conspiracy to commit aforementioned crimes.</li></ol> <p>All defendants were indicted on all counts and pleaded "not guilty". Count 4 of the indictment, the conspiracy charge, was soon dropped by the tribunal because it was already covered by the other charges. On count 1, the tribunal considered all of the accused not guilty and stated that they were not the policy-makers and that preparing for war and fighting a war 'on orders' was not a criminal offense under the applicable international law of the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defendants_and_judgements">Defendants and judgements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Defendants and judgements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the 14 defendants indicted, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Schniewind" title="Otto Schniewind">Otto Schniewind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Sperrle" title="Hugo Sperrle">Hugo Sperrle</a> were acquitted on all counts. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz">Johannes Blaskowitz</a> committed suicide during the trial and the 11 remaining defendants received prison sentences ranging from three years to lifetime imprisonment. All sentences included time already served in custody since 7 April 1945. The table below shows, with respect to each charge, whether the accused were either indicted but not convicted (I) or indicted and found guilty (G) and is listed by defendant, charge and outcome. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Photos </th> <th rowspan="2">Name </th> <th colspan="4">Count </th> <th rowspan="2">Penalty </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126,_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg/75px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg/113px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08126%2C_Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Leeb, Wilhelm von"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Leeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm von Leeb">Wilhelm von Leeb</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>Time served</td> <td>Former <i><a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i>. Commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North" title="Army Group North">Army Group North</a> in the Soviet Union (June 1941 – January 1942). Convicted of transmitting the <a href="/wiki/Barbarossa_decree" title="Barbarossa decree">Barbarossa decree</a> and its criminal application by subordinate units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released after trial as time served.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in 1956. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugo_Sperrle,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Hugo_Sperrle%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Sperrle, Hugo"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Sperrle" title="Hugo Sperrle">Hugo Sperrle</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>I</td> <td>I</td> <td>I </td> <td>Acquitted</td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> <i>Generalfeldmarschall</i>. Commanded <i><a href="/wiki/Luftflotte_3" title="Luftflotte 3">Luftflotte 3</a></i> (February 1939 – August 1944). Died in 1953. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872,_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg/75px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg/113px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R63872%2C_Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Küchler, Georg"><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler" title="Georg von Küchler">Georg von Küchler</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>20 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generalfeldmarschall</i>. Commander of <a href="/wiki/18th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="18th Army (Wehrmacht)">18th Army</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>, and later of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North" title="Army Group North">Army Group North</a>. While it was not discovered yet at the time of his trial, he had been directly involved in the murder of mentally disabled people. In December 1941, with Küchler's express consent, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a></i> shot 240 mental patients.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert201095_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert201095-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sentence reviewed in 1951, commuted to 12 years. Released in 1953 on good time credit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in 1968. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05,_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/75px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/113px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2004-004-05%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Blaskowitz, Johannes"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz">Johannes Blaskowitz</a> </td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>Former <i><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i>. Commanded <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a> and <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_H" title="Army Group H">Army Group H</a> in France and the Netherlands (1944–1945). Committed suicide during the trial on 5 February 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Hoth,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Hermann_Hoth%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Hoth, Hermann"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>15 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generaloberst</i>. Commanded the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Panzer_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Panzer Group">3rd Panzer Group</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> in 1941, and the <a href="/wiki/4th_Panzer_Army" title="4th Panzer Army">4th Panzer Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Blue">1942 summer offensive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiber2004938_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiber2004938-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In support of the <a href="/wiki/Commissar_Order" title="Commissar Order">Commissar Order</a>, issued a directive in November 1941 instructing his subordinate commanders to "immediately and pitilessly exterminate" "every sign of active or passive resistance (...) on the part of Jewish-Bolshevik agitators".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurleigh199769_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurleigh199769-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sentence was reviewed with no changes in 1951. Released on parole in 1954; released from parole / sentence reduced to time served in 1957. Died in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010216–217_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010216–217-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg/75px-Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg/113px-Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg/150px-Hans_Reinhardt_-_DPLA_-_f287ca56d252894b1f320387dfdb6451.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2728" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Reinhardt, Georg-Hans"><a href="/wiki/Georg-Hans_Reinhardt" title="Georg-Hans Reinhardt">Georg-Hans Reinhardt</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>15 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generaloberst</i>. Troops under Reinhardt's command implemented the Commissar Order on the Eastern Front and also deported civilians to concentration camps. Sentence reviewed in 1951, with no changes. Released in 1952 on compassionate grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in 1963. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg/75px-Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg/113px-Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg/150px-Hans_von_Salmuth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Salmuth, Hans"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Salmuth" title="Hans von Salmuth">Hans von Salmuth</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>20 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generaloberst</i>. Salmuth implemented the Commissar Order, including murder and mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war. He was also found guilty of murder, deportation, and hostage-taking of civilians. Sentence reviewed in 1951, commuted to 12 years and backdated to June 1945. Released in July 1953 on good time credit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in 1962. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg/75px-Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg/113px-Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg/150px-Karl_Hollidt_238-OMT-XII-D-008_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Hollidt, Karl-Adolf"><a href="/wiki/Karl-Adolf_Hollidt" title="Karl-Adolf Hollidt">Karl-Adolf Hollidt</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>5 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generaloberst</i>. Released on good time credit in December 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Died in 1985. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Schniewind,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Otto_Schniewind%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Schniewind, Otto"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schniewind" title="Otto Schniewind">Otto Schniewind</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>I</td> <td>I</td> <td>I </td> <td>Acquitted</td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/General_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="General Admiral"><i>Generaladmiral</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Fleet_commander_(Kriegsmarine)" title="Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine)">Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine)</a> (June 1941 – July 1944). Died in 1964. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/75px-Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/113px-Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/150px-Karl_von_Roques_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="453" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Roques, Karl"><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Roques" title="Karl von Roques">Karl von Roques</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>20 years</td> <td>Former <i><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Infantry_(Germany)" title="General of the Infantry (Germany)">General der Infanterie</a></i>. As commander of the rear areas of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South" title="Army Group South">Army Group South</a>, Roques carried out extermination policies against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a>, and Slavic & Jewish civilians. Died in custody on 24 December 1949. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Reinecke,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Hermann_Reinecke%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Reinecke, Hermann"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Reinecke" title="Hermann Reinecke">Hermann Reinecke</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">Life imprisonment</a></td> <td>Former <i>General der Infanterie</i>. Head of the OKW's General Office of the Armed Forces, responsible for creation and implementation of the POW policy that resulted in the <a href="/wiki/German_mistreatment_of_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war">deaths of approx. 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert20103-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in October 1954. Died in 1973. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter-Warlimont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/75px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/113px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Walter-Warlimont.jpg/150px-Walter-Warlimont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="862" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Warlimont, Walter"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Warlimont" title="Walter Warlimont">Walter Warlimont</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">Life imprisonment</a></td> <td>Former <i><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Artillery_(Germany)" title="General of the Artillery (Germany)">General der Artillerie</a></i> and Chief of the Department of National Defense in the OKW. Responsible for the Barbarossa decree which allowed the murder of civilians on the pretext of counteracting partisan activity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert20103-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sentence commuted to 18 years in 1951. Released in June 1954. Died in 1976. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Wohler,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Otto_Wohler%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Wöhler, Otto"><a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%B6hler" title="Otto Wöhler">Otto Wöhler</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>8 years</td> <td>Former <i>General der Infanterie</i>. Convicted of implementing the Barbarossa decree, deportation of civilians for slave labor and cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in 1951. Died in 1987. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolf_Lehmann,_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/75px-Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/113px-Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg/150px-Rudolf_Lehmann%2C_defendant_in_High_Command_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lehmann, Rudolf"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Lehmann_(military_judge)" title="Rudolf Lehmann (military judge)">Rudolf Lehmann</a> </td> <td>I</td> <td>G</td> <td>G</td> <td>I </td> <td>7 years</td> <td>Former <i>Generaloberstabsrichter</i>. Judge Advocate-General of the OKW and responsible for the Barbarossa decree which allowed the murder of civilians on the pretext of counteracting partisan activity<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert20103-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He drafted the December 1941 <a href="/wiki/Night_and_Fog_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Night and Fog decree">Night and Fog decree</a> which removed access to due process from the accused. Wehrmacht troops applied the order in France, Holland, Ukraine, and other occupied countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert201090_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert201090-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Was involved in formulating the <a href="/wiki/Commando_Order" title="Commando Order">Commando Order</a> and the Terror and Sabotage Decree.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in 1950 on good time credit. Died in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German public opinion was against the trial. Many denied the facts found by the U.S. judges, extolled the defense of obedience to <a href="/wiki/Superior_orders" title="Superior orders">superior orders</a> and praised the soldierly qualities of the defendants. Particularly active were the Protestant and Catholic Churches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010185–186_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010185–186-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">German Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> weighed in on the side of the defendants. German leverage increased as the urgency of <a href="/wiki/Wiederbewaffnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiederbewaffnung">rearming Germany</a> grew. Under these intense pressures, in 1950, U.S. High Commissioner John McCloy established a review panel chaired by Judge David Peck of New York and, on its recommendation, reduced the sentences of three of the six High Command defendants who were still in prison. After further proceedings by mixed commissions composed of Allied and German members, the last of the High Command defendants returned home in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">Command responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">Subsequent Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-no12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-no12_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Web Genocide Documentation Centre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/warcrimgenrls.htm">Case No. 12</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401143013/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/warcrimgenrls.htm">Archived</a> 2012-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (the 13 Generals' trial); euRathlon, UWE Bristol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-no72-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-no72_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Web Genocide Documentation Centre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm">Case No. 72</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050221092933/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm">Archived</a> 2005-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (The German high command trial: Trial of Wilhelm von Leeb and thirteen others), UWE Bristol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There was also a "High Command Case" in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal</a>. In <i>that</i> case, the German supreme command of the armed forces (<a href="/wiki/OKW" class="mw-redirect" title="OKW">OKW</a> – <i>Oberkommando Wehrmacht</i>) was acquitted of the charge of having been a criminal organization.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/judorg.asp#staff">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010150_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert201095-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert201095_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010218_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiber2004938-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiber2004938_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeiber2004">Heiber 2004</a>, p. 938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurleigh199769-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurleigh199769_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurleigh1997">Burleigh 1997</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010216–217-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010216–217_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, pp. 216–217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert20103-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert20103_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010151_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert201090-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert201090_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010185–186-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010185–186_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Detlev F. Vagts, Book Review, American Journal of International Law vol. 104 (2010), p. 548, at 549; reviewing Valerie Geneviève Hébert, <a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Generals_on_Trial" title="Hitler's Generals on Trial">Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg</a>. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Command_Trial&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050221092933/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/ghctrial1.htm">Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. XII, 1949</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_War_Crimes_Commission" title="United Nations War Crimes Commission">United Nations War Crimes Commission</a>.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurleigh1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Burleigh" title="Michael Burleigh">Burleigh, Michael</a> (1997). <i>Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on Nazi Genocide</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511806162">10.1017/CBO9780511806162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58816-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-58816-4"><bdi>978-0-521-58816-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethics+and+Extermination%3A+Reflections+on+Nazi+Genocide&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511806162&rft.isbn=978-0-521-58816-4&rft.aulast=Burleigh&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Command+Trial" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert2010" class="citation book cs1">Hebert, Valerie (2010). <a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Generals_on_Trial" title="Hitler's Generals on Trial"><i>Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg</i></a>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1698-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1698-5"><bdi>978-0-7006-1698-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Generals+on+Trial%3A+The+Last+War+Crimes+Tribunal+at+Nuremberg&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1698-5&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Command+Trial" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeiber2004" class="citation book cs1">Heiber, Helmut; <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_L._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerhard L. Weinberg">Weinberg, Gerhard L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Glantz" class="mw-redirect" title="David Glantz">Glantz, David</a> (2004). <i>Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences 1942–1945</i>. Enigma Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1929631285" title="Special:BookSources/978-1929631285"><bdi>978-1929631285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+and+His+Generals%3A+Military+Conferences+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Enigma+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1929631285&rft.aulast=Heiber&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Gerhard+L.&rft.au=Glantz%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Command+Trial" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Heller, Kevin Jon (2011). <i>The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955431-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955431-7"><bdi>978-0-19-955431-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nuremberg+Military+Tribunals+and+the+Origins+of+International+Criminal+Law&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955431-7&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHigh+Command+Trial" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Charter">Nuremberg Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimes against peace">Crimes against peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief prosecutors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">Robert H. Jackson</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Shawcross" title="Hartley Shawcross">Hartley Shawcross</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rudenko" title="Roman Rudenko">Roman Rudenko</a> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Menthon" title="François de Menthon">François de Menthon</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Champetier_de_Ribes" title="Auguste Champetier de Ribes">Auguste Champetier de Ribes</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Nikitchenko" title="Iona Nikitchenko">Iona Nikitchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Volchkov_(jurist)" title="Alexander Volchkov (jurist)">Alexander Volchkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Oaksey" title="Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey">Geoffrey Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Birkett,_1st_Baron_Birkett" title="Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett">Norman Birkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Biddle" title="Francis Biddle">Francis Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Parker" title="John J. Parker">John J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Donnedieu_de_Vabres" title="Henri Donnedieu de Vabres">Henri Donnedieu de Vabres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falco" title="Robert Falco">Robert Falco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defendants_at_the_International_Military_Tribunal" title="List of defendants at the International Military Tribunal">Defendants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquitted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fritzsche" title="Hans Fritzsche">Hans Fritzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sentenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> <small>(10 years)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a> <small>(15 years)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a> <small>(20 years)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> <small>(20 years)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_executions" title="Nuremberg executions">Death</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Sauckel" title="Fritz Sauckel">Fritz Sauckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> <small>(<i>in absentia</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> <small>(suicide)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">No decision</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Krupp_von_Bohlen_und_Halbach" title="Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach">Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_witnesses_to_the_International_Military_Tribunal" title="List of witnesses to the International Military Tribunal">Witnesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prosecution" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Lahousen" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwin Lahousen">Erwin Lahousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ohlendorf" title="Otto Ohlendorf">Otto Ohlendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Wisliceny" title="Dieter Wisliceny">Dieter Wisliceny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Schellenberg" title="Walter Schellenberg">Walter Schellenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alois_Hollriege&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alois Hollriege (page does not exist)">Alois Hollriege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_dem_Bach-Zelewski" title="Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski">Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Blaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Blaha (page does not exist)">Franz Blaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Lampe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Lampe (page does not exist)">Maurice Lampe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Vaillant-Couturier" title="Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier">Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Boix" title="Francisco Boix">Francisco Boix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Cappelen" title="Hans Cappelen">Hans Cappelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Paulus">Friedrich von Paulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Buschenhagen" title="Erich Buschenhagen">Erich Buschenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Orbeli" title="Joseph Orbeli">Joseph Orbeli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Kivelisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Kivelisha (page does not exist)">Eugene Kivelisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Sutzkever" title="Abraham Sutzkever">Abraham Sutzkever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seweryna_Szmaglewska" title="Seweryna Szmaglewska">Seweryna Szmaglewska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rajzman" title="Samuel Rajzman">Samuel Rajzman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Invention of <a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">international criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg Military Tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_principles" title="Nuremberg principles">Nuremberg principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials_bibliography" title="Nuremberg Trials bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Justice_Be_Done" title="That Justice Be Done">That Justice Be Done</a></i> (1945 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials_(film)" title="Nuremberg Trials (film)">Nuremberg Trials</a></i> (1947 documentary)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg_(Playhouse_90)" title="Judgment at Nuremberg (Playhouse 90)">Judgment at Nuremberg</a>" (1959 television play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i> (1961 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_(miniseries)" title="Nuremberg (miniseries)">Nuremberg</a></i> (2000 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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