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href="#Nova_Scotia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nova Scotia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nova_Scotia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Quebec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ontario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>British Columbia</span> 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href="#Notable_Scottish-Canadians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable Scottish-Canadians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Scottish-Canadians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadians of Scottish descent or heritage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Scottish_Canadians" title="Special:EditPage/Scottish Canadians">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Scottish+Canadians%22">"Scottish Canadians"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Scottish+Canadians%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Scottish+Canadians%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Scottish+Canadians%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Scottish+Canadians%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Scottish+Canadians%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Scottish Canadians</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><small><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Canèidianaich Albannach</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>)</span><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Canadiens écossais</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg/220px-Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg/330px-Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg/440px-Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="text-align: center">Scottish Canadians as a proportion of the population by census division</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>4,799,010</b><sup id="cite_ref-population2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <b>13.9%</b> of the total Canadian population (2016)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,101,100</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">828,145</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></th><td class="infobox-data">661,265</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">288,180</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></th><td class="infobox-data">209,170</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></th><td class="infobox-data">202,515</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></th><td class="infobox-data">142,560</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/22px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/34px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/44px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50,685</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic dialect</a>), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United</a>)<br />Other religions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199576_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199576-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Scots Canadians">Ulster Scots Canadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English Canadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a>, Lowland Scots, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a>, other <a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">British Canadians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Scottish Canadians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Canèidianaich Albannach</i>) are people of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish descent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">heritage</a> living in Canada. As the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016 Census of Canada</a>, the number of <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,799,010,<sup id="cite_ref-statcan1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statcan1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 13.93% of the nation's total population. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> has the highest population of Scottish descendants at 41%. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Scots-Irish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish Canadian">Scots-Irish Canadians</a> are a similar ethnic group. They descended from Lowland Scots and Northern English people via <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> and so some observe many of the same traditions as Scots. </p><p>Categorically, Scottish Canadians comprise a subgroup of <a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">British Canadians</a> which is a further subgroup of <a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European Canadians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BritishIsles_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritishIsles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Scottish Canadian<br />Population History</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">549,946</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">699,863</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">800,154</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,027,015</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,173,625</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,346,350</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,403,974</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,547,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,902,302</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,720,390</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−9.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,415,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−17.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,918,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+176.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,248,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,260,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,157,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,354,155</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,714,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,799,005</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><i>Source: <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a></i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1871to1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1971_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1971-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1981_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1981-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1986_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1986B_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1986B-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1991_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1991-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1996_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1996-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population2001_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population2006_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population2011_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population2016_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.</i><br /><i>Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Scottish_settlement">Early Scottish settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Scottish settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scottish people have a long history in Canada, dating back several centuries. Many towns, rivers, and mountains have been named in honour of Scottish explorers and traders such as <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bay,_Canada" title="Mackenzie Bay, Canada">Mackenzie Bay</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> (named for Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Alexander Mackenzie</a>), and others are named after locations in Scotland, such as <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> (named after a Scottish beach), or <a href="/wiki/Banff,_Alberta" title="Banff, Alberta">Banff, Alberta</a> named after <a href="/wiki/Banff,_Aberdeenshire" title="Banff, Aberdeenshire">Banff, Aberdeenshire</a>. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "New Scotland". Once Scots formed the vanguard of the movement of Europeans across the continent. In more modern times, immigrants from Scotland have played a leading role in the social, political, and economic history of Canada, being prominent in <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour union">labour unions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first documented source of Scots in what would become Canada comes from the <a href="/wiki/Saga_of_Eric_the_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Saga of Eric the Red">Saga of Eric the Red</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> expedition of 1010 AD to <a href="/wiki/Vinland" title="Vinland">Vinland</a> (literally, the land of meadows), which is believed to refer to the island of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>. The Viking prince <a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_Karlsefni" title="Thorfinn Karlsefni">Thorfinn Karlsefni</a> took two Scottish slaves to Vinland.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">longships</a> moored along the coast, they sent the slaves ashore to run along the waterfront to gauge whether it was safe for the rest of the crew to follow. After the Scots survived a day without being attacked, by either human or animal, the Vikings deemed it safe to spend the night ashore. The expedition was abandoned three years later; the original sagas were passed on in an oral tradition and then written down 250 years later. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Censusdivisions-ethnic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Censusdivisions-ethnic.png/220px-Censusdivisions-ethnic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Censusdivisions-ethnic.png/330px-Censusdivisions-ethnic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Censusdivisions-ethnic.png/440px-Censusdivisions-ethnic.png 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1214" /></a><figcaption>Self-identified Scottish Canadians are a plurality in parts of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> (areas coloured in cyan).</figcaption></figure> <p>An apocryphal voyage in 1398 by a captain named <a href="/wiki/Zichmni" title="Zichmni">Zichmni</a>, believed to be <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney">Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney</a>, is also claimed to have reached Atlantic Canada as well as New England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Push_factors">Push factors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Push factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">Jacobite risings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine" title="Highland Potato Famine">Highland Potato Famine</a></div> <p>Troubles back in Scotland in the 18th and 19th centuries generated a steady flow of emigrants. Some sought political asylum following the failed <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> risings in <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1689" title="Jacobite rising of 1689">1688</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1715" title="Jacobite rising of 1715">1715</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">1745</a>. The <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a> was traditionally Catholic, and many Gaels came to Canada after facing eviction for their religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKay1996vii_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKay1996vii-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampey200760–61_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampey200760–61-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those immigrants who arrived after 1759 were mainly Highland farmers who had been forced off their <a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">crofts</a> (rented land) during the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a> to make way for sheep grazing due to the <a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">British Agricultural Revolution</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Others came as a result of famine. In 1846, potato crops were blighted by the same fungal disease responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Irish_Famine" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Irish Famine">Great Irish Famine</a>, and most Highland <a href="/wiki/Crofters" class="mw-redirect" title="Crofters">crofters</a> were very dependent on potatoes as a source of food. Crofters were expected to work in appalling conditions, and although some landlords worked to lessen the effects of the famine on their tenants, many landlords simply resorted to eviction. In particular, John Gordon of Cluny became the target of criticism in newspapers when many of his crofters were reduced to living on the streets of <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>. Gordon resorted to hiring a fleet of ships and forcibly transporting his <a href="/wiki/Hebridean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebridean">Hebridean</a> crofters to Canada, where they were conveniently abandoned on Canadian authorities. Some more sympathetic landlords supplied a free passage to what was hoped to be a better life. Crop failures continued into the 1850s and famine relief programmes became semi-permanent operations. During the ten years following 1847, from throughout the Highlands, over 16,000 crofters were shipped overseas to Canada and Australia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pull_factors">Pull factors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pull factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada had plenty of land and jobs and new opportunities, which created a pull factor. The government made certain potential immigrants know of the advantages, sending agents to recruit Irish and Scottish emigrants to settle in western Canada between 1867 and the 1920s. The Canadian government hoped to develop the economy in the sparsely populated western part of the country. It set up offices in towns in Ireland and Scotland, and agents went up and down the land pasting up attractive posters, giving lectures, handing out pamphlets and trying one-on-one to persuade farmers and laborers of the virtues of life in Canada. Although many people agreed to emigrate, the agents faced competition from the United States, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, and opponents of emigration warned of hardship in Canada. The agents did not create 'emigration fever,' but they did tap into a sense of restlessness that, if nurtured, could result in a decision to emigrate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Large-scale_migration">Large-scale migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Large-scale migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bumsted (1981) notes that between 1760 and 1860, millions of people emigrated from Great Britain. Before 1815, emigration was discouraged, but emigration from Scotland to the Maritime Provinces constituted one of the principal components of the exodus; by 1815, Scots formed one of the three major ethnic groups there. Most of the emigrants were unskilled Gaelic-speaking farmers, who gathered in isolated communities. The Maritimes attracted them because of the opportunity there to be left alone to pursue the traditional way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBumsted1981_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBumsted1981-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large group of <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a>, many of whom had first settled in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, moved to <a href="/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia" title="Truro, Nova Scotia">Truro, Nova Scotia</a> in 1761. In 1772, a wave of Gaels began to arrive in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, and in 1773 the ship <i><a href="/wiki/Hector_(immigration_ship)" title="Hector (immigration ship)">Hector</a></i> brought 200 Gaels to <a href="/wiki/Pictou" title="Pictou">Pictou</a>, beginning a new stream of Highland emigration — the town's slogan is "The Birthplace of New Scotland". At the end of the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> had become a centre of Scottish Gaelic settlement, where only <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> was spoken.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A number of Scottish <a href="/wiki/Loyalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalists">loyalists</a> to the British crown, who had fled the United States in 1783, arrived in <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Glengarry County">Glengarry County</a> (in eastern <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>) and Nova Scotia. In 1803, Lord <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Douglas,_5th_Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk">Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk</a>, who was sympathetic to the plight of the dispossessed <a href="/wiki/Crofter" class="mw-redirect" title="Crofter">crofters</a> (tenant farmers in the Highlands), brought 800 colonists to Prince Edward Island. In 1811, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> as a Scottish colonization project on an area of 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) in what would later be the province of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> — land that was granted by the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, in what is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Concession" title="Selkirk Concession">Selkirk Concession</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> (PEI) was also heavily influenced by Scottish Gaelic settlers. One prominent settler in PEI was <a href="/wiki/John_MacDonald_of_Glenaladale" title="John MacDonald of Glenaladale">John MacDonald of Glenaladale</a>, who conceived the idea of sending Gaels to Nova Scotia on a grand scale after Culloden. The name Macdonald still dominates on the island, which received a large influx of settlers, predominantly Catholics from the Highlands, in the late 18th century. Another large group of Gaels arrived in 1803. This migration, primarily from the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Isle of Skye</a>, was organized by the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Earl of Selkirk">Earl of Selkirk</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> became the home for many Scots. In 1761, a Highland regiment garrisoned <a href="/wiki/Fort_Frederick_(Saint_John,_New_Brunswick)" title="Fort Frederick (Saint John, New Brunswick)">Fort Frederick</a>. The surrounding lands surveyed by Captain Bruce in 1762 attracted many Scottish traders when William Davidson of Caithness arrived to settle two years later. Their numbers were swelled by the arrival of thousands of loyalists of Scottish origin both during and after the American Revolution. </p><p>One of the New Brunswick and Canada's most famous regiments was "The King's First American Regiment" founded in 1776. It was composed mostly of Highlanders, many of whom fought with their traditional <a href="/wiki/Kilt" title="Kilt">kilts</a> to the sound of <a href="/wiki/Great_Highland_bagpipe" title="Great Highland bagpipe">bagpipes</a>. The regiment distinguished itself when it defeated Washington's forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a>. When it disbanded after the War, most of its members settled in New Brunswick. A continual influx of immigrants from Scotland and Ulster meant that by 1843, there were over 30,000 Scots in New Brunswick.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbellBryce1911131_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbellBryce1911131-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a> was spoken as the first language in much of "Anglophone" Canada, such as <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Glengarry County">Glengarry County</a> in Ontario. Gaelic was the third most commonly spoken language in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="center noresize" style="width:auto;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Canadians of Scottish descent total population (1871−2016)<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.</i><br /><i>Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.</i></span></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="center noresize" style="width:auto;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Canadians of Scottish descent percentage of the total population (1871−2016)<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.</i><br /><i>Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.</i></span></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Scottish Canadian Population History<br />1871−2016 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% of total population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1871<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1871to1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">549,946 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001157769279075645♠" style="display:none"></span>15.777% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1871to1971-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">699,863 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001161825143763541♠" style="display:none"></span>16.183% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">800,154 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001148967990147664♠" style="display:none"></span>14.897% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,027,015 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001142509487427086♠" style="display:none"></span>14.251% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,173,625 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001133549364021115♠" style="display:none"></span>13.355% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,346,350 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001129746339569882♠" style="display:none"></span>12.975% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,403,974 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001122014086630736♠" style="display:none"></span>12.201% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,547,470 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001110459177172745♠" style="display:none"></span>11.046% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,902,302 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001104302897093125♠" style="display:none"></span>10.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1971_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1971-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,720,390 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7000797647103551460♠" style="display:none"></span>7.976% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1981_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1981-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">1,415,200 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7000587622352984897♠" style="display:none"></span>5.876% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1986_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 104">: 104 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-population1986B_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1986B-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">3,918,055 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001156584343144295♠" style="display:none"></span>15.658% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1991_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1991-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,248,365 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001157381563229964♠" style="display:none"></span>15.738% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population1996_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population1996-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,260,840 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001149355767334866♠" style="display:none"></span>14.936% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population2001_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,157,210 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001140261314175714♠" style="display:none"></span>14.026% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population2006_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,354,155 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001139372965616050♠" style="display:none"></span>13.937% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population2011_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,714,970 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001143520131375785♠" style="display:none"></span>14.352% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016<br /><sup id="cite_ref-population2016_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">4,799,005 </td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7001139262795934946♠" style="display:none"></span>13.926% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geographical distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Scottish Canadians by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province and territory</a> (2001−2016) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province/Territory</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2016<sup id="cite_ref-population2016_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-population2011_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2006<sup id="cite_ref-population2006_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-population2001_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ontario.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2,107,295 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001159135292127568♠" style="display:none"></span>15.91% </td> <td>2,080,545 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001164446690942546♠" style="display:none"></span>16.44% </td> <td>2,101,100 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001174671073278135♠" style="display:none"></span>17.47% </td> <td>1,843,110 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001163315994043708♠" style="display:none"></span>16.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>860,775 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001188756512815114♠" style="display:none"></span>18.88% </td> <td>833,290 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001192692489573830♠" style="display:none"></span>19.27% </td> <td>828,145 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001203256442383329♠" style="display:none"></span>20.33% </td> <td>748,905 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001193571774740719♠" style="display:none"></span>19.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alberta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>704,200 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001177016955117328♠" style="display:none"></span>17.7% </td> <td>670,955 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001188049243618579♠" style="display:none"></span>18.8% </td> <td>661,265 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001203069075699670♠" style="display:none"></span>20.31% </td> <td>556,575 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001189237203134828♠" style="display:none"></span>18.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>272,880 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001300416143734724♠" style="display:none"></span>30.04% </td> <td>282,805 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001312088239513557♠" style="display:none"></span>31.21% </td> <td>288,180 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001319104408198518♠" style="display:none"></span>31.91% </td> <td>263,060 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001293081838084149♠" style="display:none"></span>29.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/20px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/30px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/40px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>215,025 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000269947083968890♠" style="display:none"></span>2.7% </td> <td>196,670 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000254341404871891♠" style="display:none"></span>2.54% </td> <td>202,515 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000272347481577561♠" style="display:none"></span>2.72% </td> <td>156,140 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000219126022022067♠" style="display:none"></span>2.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manitoba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/20px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Manitoba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Manitoba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </td> <td>208,060 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001167695655678246♠" style="display:none"></span>16.77% </td> <td>210,815 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001179517092506886♠" style="display:none"></span>17.95% </td> <td>209,170 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001184532185282065♠" style="display:none"></span>18.45% </td> <td>195,570 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001177195692650596♠" style="display:none"></span>17.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td>193,330 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001180587729786280♠" style="display:none"></span>18.06% </td> <td>190,450 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001188796145763115♠" style="display:none"></span>18.88% </td> <td>182,790 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001191633904701997♠" style="display:none"></span>19.16% </td> <td>172,300 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001178892176711830♠" style="display:none"></span>17.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/20px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>134,455 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001184005966799414♠" style="display:none"></span>18.4% </td> <td>146,230 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001198726616700754♠" style="display:none"></span>19.87% </td> <td>142,560 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001198096296810949♠" style="display:none"></span>19.81% </td> <td>127,635 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001177342262855872♠" style="display:none"></span>17.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/20px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/30px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg/40px-Flag_of_Prince_Edward_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> </td> <td>50,685 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001362852131581773♠" style="display:none"></span>36.29% </td> <td>53,960 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001392793448589626♠" style="display:none"></span>39.28% </td> <td>54,290 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001404530382623598♠" style="display:none"></span>40.45% </td> <td>50,700 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001380102710199797♠" style="display:none"></span>38.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/20px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/30px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg/40px-Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> </td> <td>34,650 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000676427525622254♠" style="display:none"></span>6.76% </td> <td>32,810 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000646801967413482♠" style="display:none"></span>6.47% </td> <td>34,925 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000697648868380575♠" style="display:none"></span>6.98% </td> <td>30,295 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000596270235693549♠" style="display:none"></span>5.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yukon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> </td> <td>8,295 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001236257476502420♠" style="display:none"></span>23.63% </td> <td>8,340 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001250300120048019♠" style="display:none"></span>25.03% </td> <td>7,005 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001231992051664182♠" style="display:none"></span>23.2% </td> <td>6,245 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001218930762489044♠" style="display:none"></span>21.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> </td> <td>6,090 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001148049106600218♠" style="display:none"></span>14.8% </td> <td>5,685 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001139338235294117♠" style="display:none"></span>13.93% </td> <td>5,875 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001143100718548288♠" style="display:none"></span>14.31% </td> <td>5,190 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001139873332434981♠" style="display:none"></span>13.99% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nunavut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> </td> <td>3,265 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000917650365373805♠" style="display:none"></span>9.18% </td> <td>2,420 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000763527370247673♠" style="display:none"></span>7.64% </td> <td>2,025 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000690537084398977♠" style="display:none"></span>6.91% </td> <td>1,475 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000553159572473279♠" style="display:none"></span>5.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b>Canada</b> </td> <td><b>4,799,005</b> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="7001139262795934946♠" style="display:none"></span>13.93%</b> </td> <td><b>4,714,970</b> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="7001143520153219011♠" style="display:none"></span>14.35%</b> </td> <td><b>4,719,850</b> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="7001151078565591467♠" style="display:none"></span>15.11%</b> </td> <td><b>4,157,210</b> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="7001140261314175714♠" style="display:none"></span>14.03%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nova_Scotia">Nova Scotia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nova Scotia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/260px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/390px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/520px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Flag of Nova Scotia">flag of Nova Scotia</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Music of Nova Scotia">Music of Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic music in Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton English">Cape Breton English</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maritimer_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimer English">Maritimer English</a></div> <p>The Scots have influenced the cultural mix of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> for centuries and constitute the largest ethnic group in the province, at 29.3% of its population. The name of Nova Scotia literally means <i>"New Scotland"</i> in Latin, and its flag was designed as a combination of the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">Saltire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Arms of Scotland">Royal Arms of Scotland</a>. </p><p>Nova Scotia was briefly colonized by Scottish settlers in 1620, although by 1624 the Scottish settlers had been removed by treaty and the area was turned over to the French until the middle of the 18th century. Scottish settlement greatly accelerated during the resettlement of Loyalists in Nova Scotia following the end of the American revolutionary war, and especially following the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a> in Scotland. </p><p>The Gaelic influences of Scottish immigrants continue to play an important role in defining the cultural life of the province, especially in its music. According to the 2006 census about 900 Nova Scotians are fluent in <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic languages">Gaelic languages</a> (the census does not distinguish between <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Gaelic">Irish Gaelic</a>), and about 6,015 in all of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Nova Scotian Office of Gaelic Affairs estimates there are currently around 2000 <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> speakers in the province and notes the enduring impact of institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelic College">Gaelic College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Regional_Municipality,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia">Cape Breton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</a>, the largest university in the <a href="/wiki/Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimes">Maritime provinces</a>, was founded in 1818 by Scottish aristocrat <a href="/wiki/George_Ramsay,_9th_Earl_of_Dalhousie" title="George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie">George Ramsay</a> as the only Gaelic college in Canada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University" title="St. Francis Xavier University">St. Francis Xavier University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antigonish" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonish">Antigonish</a> was also founded by a Scot — <a href="/wiki/Colin_Francis_MacKinnon" title="Colin Francis MacKinnon">Colin Francis MacKinnon</a>, a Catholic bishop. </p><p>Murdoch (1998) notes that the popular image of Cape Breton Island as a last bastion of Gaelic culture distorts the complex history of the island since the 16th century. The original <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq people">Micmac</a> inhabitants, Acadian French, Irish, Loyalists from New England, Lowland Scots and English have all contributed to a history which has included cultural, religious, and political conflict as well as cooperation and synthesis. The Highland Scots became the largest community in the early 19th century, and their heritage in music, folklore, and language has survived government indifference, but it is now threatened by a synthetic marketable 'tartan clan doll culture' aimed primarily at tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montreal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/200px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/300px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Montreal.svg/400px-Flag_of_Montreal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montreal" title="Flag of Montreal">Flag of Montreal</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebec">Quebec</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Scots-Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Quebecer">Scots-Quebecer</a></div> <p>Scots have long and historic ties with the province of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. The early Scots who arrived in the province were crofters and fishermen. When the <i><a href="/wiki/Don_de_Dieu" title="Don de Dieu">Don de Dieu</a></i> sailed up the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> during the first wave of colonization of French Canada, it was piloted by a Scot, Abraham Martin. The first British governor of Quebec was also a Scot, <a href="/wiki/James_Murray_(Quebec_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Murray (Quebec governor)">James Murray</a>. He received the keys to the city gates from the French commander, Major de Ramezay, who was himself of Scottish descent, as many Scots had been employed by the French since the time of the <a href="/wiki/Auld_Alliance" title="Auld Alliance">Auld Alliance</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Large groups of Scots, chiefly from <a href="/wiki/Ross-shire" title="Ross-shire">Ross-shire</a>, arrived on the ship <i>Nephton</i> in 1802 to settle in Quebec. Many of their descendants have become prominent in the business, financial and religious activities of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. Many early settlers from <a href="/wiki/Tryon_County,_New_York" title="Tryon County, New York">Tryon County, New York</a> came here, in what was then wilderness. They were joined by many Highlanders during the Revolution, and after the War had ended, by a whole regiment of the "King's Royals."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_McGill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/James_McGill.JPG" decoding="async" width="123" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> was founded in 1821 with revenue from the estate bequeathed by <a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a>, a merchant and politician who had emigrated from <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. Its first head was Scotsman John Bethune, a pupil of Strachan (who was prevented from assuming the position only by a delay in its foundation). Another wealthy Scot, Peter Redpath, was responsible for financing the museum, the library and a University chair.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontario">Ontario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County,_Ontario" title="Glengarry County, Ontario">Glengarry County, Ontario</a>; <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_Highland_Games" title="Glengarry Highland Games">Glengarry Highland Games</a>; <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ontario" title="Eastern Ontario">Eastern Ontario</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County,_Ontario" title="Glengarry County, Ontario">Glengarry County</a> in modern day-<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> is a historic region with much Scottish or <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> background. This is because it is the site of where many <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Gaels</a> settled after the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a> is a spoken language in the county, but the number of speakers has declined to a great degree. Maxville Public School in <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County,_Ontario" title="Glengarry County, Ontario">Maxville, Glengarry</a> still offers the language. Also known in the region are the <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_Highland_Games" title="Glengarry Highland Games">Glengarry Highland Games</a> where many Scottish competitions are held to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scottish Culture</a>. The chief Scottish town in <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County,_Ontario" title="Glengarry County, Ontario">Glengarry</a> was Cornwall, located in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. It was reinforced in 1786 when The ship McDonald arrived at Quebec from Greenock with 520 new pioneers. Soon immigrants came from all parts of Scotland to make it one of the most important Scots-Canadian communities. The Glengarry clansmen managed to get away from their homelands before the British Government's embargo during the war with Napoleon. Many other retired officials from the Hudson's Bay Company joined the Glengarry Settlements. Another famous Scottish area that came to exert great influence in Ontario was the <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Ontario" title="Perth, Ontario">Perth Settlement</a>, another region of Scottish and military origin. Unemployment and suffering following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> caused the British government to reverse its former policies and actively encourage emigration. In 1815, three loaded transports set sail from Greenock for Upper Canada: the <i>Atlas</i>, the <i>Baptiste Merchant</i> and the <i>Borothy</i>. After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> ended, many soldiers from the disbanded regiments joined them. In 1816, some <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scots-Irish</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> arrived in the area. Many Perth families became prominent in both provincial and national governments. </p><p>An educational institution of Scottish origin is <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> in Kingston "the Aberdeen of Canada", founded largely through the efforts of noted scholar George Munroe Grant. Numerous educational institutions have Scottish influence, one being <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_A._Macdonald_Collegiate_Institute" title="Sir John A. Macdonald Collegiate Institute">Sir John A. Macdonald Collegiate Institute</a>, a secondary school located in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. The crest contains a map of Canada and the symbols of the Macdonald clan: a white coronet, a mailed fist, and crossed crosslets. Red, Royal Purple, and White, which predominate in the tartan of Sir John's family clan, Clanranald. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg/220px-LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg/330px-LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg/440px-LastSpike_Craigellachie_BC_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Strathcona" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Strathcona">Lord Strathcona</a> drives the <a href="/wiki/Last_Spike_(Canadian_Pacific_Railway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Spike (Canadian Pacific Railway)">last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway</a> at <a href="/wiki/Craigellachie,_British_Columbia" title="Craigellachie, British Columbia">Craigellachie</a>, November 7, 1885.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Owing to the role that the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>, a company dominated by a Scottish managerial class, played in the colonial settlement of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, many of the leading early colonial officials were Scottish or of Scottish descent such as Sir James Douglas (whose father was from Scotland), William Fraser Tolmie, and John Ross.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Scottish influence has been an important part of the cultural mix both in metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> and wider British Columbian society. The St. Andrew's and Caledonian Society of Vancouver, for example, was founded in 1886, the same year as the city. On St. Andrew's Day, 1887, the society held a grand St. Andrew's Ball in McDonough Hall at the southeast corner of Hastings and Columbia and almost half the city's population attended. The city still celebrates Scottish Heritage week which concludes with the BC Highland Games.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Victoria, two of the city's most recognizable landmarks, <a href="/wiki/Craigdarroch_Castle" title="Craigdarroch Castle">Craigdarroch Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatley_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatley Castle">Hatley Castle</a>, were commissioned by the Scottish-born Dunsmuir family, whose coal-baron patriarch <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dunsmuir" title="Robert Dunsmuir">Robert Dunsmuir</a> immigrated from Scotland to become one of Vancouver Island's richest businessmen. These two castles brought <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Baronial" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Baronial">Scottish Baronial</a> architecture to very prominent landmarks in Victoria, both of which have been designated as National Historic Sites for their significance to the city. Robert's son <a href="/wiki/James_Dunsmuir" title="James Dunsmuir">James Dunsmuir</a> would go on to become the Premier of British Columbia, and later the Lieutenant Governor General.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south,_Victoria,_Canada_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/220px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/330px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/440px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="2532" /></a><figcaption>Craigdarroch Castle in Victoria, an example of Scottish Baronial architecture in Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>Many local place names in Vancouver are of Scottish origin. The district of Dollarton, for example, was named for Captain Robert Dollar. West Vancouver's first European settler, John Lawson, planted holly by the side of the "burn" or river flowing across his property; he coined "Hollyburn" as the name for his place. Iona Island was formerly called McMillan Island, after a Scottish settler named Donald McMillan. Part of West Vancouver is named after Dundarave Castle in Scotland. In 1905, at what is now West 41st Avenue in Vancouver, a young Scottish couple who had recently settled in the district with the last name MacKinnon were invited to name the new station. Mrs. MacKinnon was asked by the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Electric_Railway" title="British Columbia Electric Railway">British Columbia Electric Railway</a> manager R.H. Sterling to name the interurban tram stop at Wilson Road (today West 41st Avenue). She chose to call it "Kerry's Dale", after the name of her family home, Kerrydale, in Gairloch, Scotland. Kerrysdale means "little seat of the fairies." It was quickly corrupted to Kerrisdale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other evidence of the Scottish influence on the development of British Columbia can be found in the names of streets, parks, creeks and other geographical features throughout the province, the most notable of which are the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a> and Mount Douglas (PKOLS).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today Canada is awash in Scottish memorabilia, as Rae (2005) shows. The <a href="/wiki/Tartan_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartan day">Tartan days</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_gathering" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan gathering">clan gatherings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">highland games</a>, and showings of films like <i><a href="/wiki/Braveheart" title="Braveheart">Braveheart</a></i> indicate a sense of <a href="/wiki/Scottishness" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottishness">Scottishness</a> that is informed by stories, narratives, or myths of the homeland's rural, masculinist, resistant past.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Canadians reject <a href="/wiki/Tartanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartanism">tartanism</a> as a superficial and commercialized expression of Gaelic identity,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and embrace <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> language and culture through the auspices of organizations such as the Atlantic Gaelic Academy and the Gaelic College. The Comhairle na Gàidhlig is an organization devoted to "creating an environment that makes Nova Scotia a place where Gaelic language, culture, and communities thrive."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_and_territorial_tartans">Provincial and territorial tartans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Provincial and territorial tartans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Official_tartans_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Official tartans in Canada">Official tartans in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png/220px-Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png/330px-Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png/440px-Tartan_of_Nova_Scotia.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>The tartan of Nova Scotia is the first official provincial tartan in Canada.</figcaption></figure> <p>Every province and territory has an officially recognized <a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a>, except for Quebec, whose tartan is unofficial, and Nunavut, which has no tartan. Tartans were first brought to Canada by Scottish settlers, and the first province to officially adopt a tartan was <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> in 1955. Several of the tartans are registered in the books of the Court of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lyon">Lord Lyon</a>, King of Arms of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Scottish-Canadians">Notable Scottish-Canadians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable Scottish-Canadians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_Canadians" title="List of Scottish Canadians">List of Scottish Canadians</a></div> <p>The list of Scots who influenced Canada's history is indeed a long one. The explorer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Alexander MacKenzie</a> completed the first known transcontinental crossing of America north of Mexico. <a href="/wiki/John_Sandfield_Macdonald" title="John Sandfield Macdonald">John Sandfield Macdonald</a> (1812–1872) became Premier of the Province of Canada in 1862 and the first <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premier of Ontario</a> in 1867. Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> (1815–1891), who emigrated in 1820, became the first Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada, leading the country through its period of early growth. Under his leadership, the dominion expanded to include Manitoba, British Columbia and Prince Edward Island. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Alexander Mackenzie</a> was the first Liberal Prime Minister of Canada (1873–78). Another Scot, <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie" title="William Lyon Mackenzie">William Lyon Mackenzie</a>, who led the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Rebellion" title="Upper Canada Rebellion">revolt in Upper Canada</a> against the colonial government in 1838, became a symbol of Canadian radicalism. His rebellion dramatized the need to reform the colony's outmoded constitution and led to the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1840" title="Act of Union 1840">1841 union</a> of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Another Scot, <a href="/wiki/William_McDougall_(politician,_born_1822)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McDougall (politician, born 1822)">William McDougall</a>, was known as one of the fathers of the Confederation; <a href="/wiki/Richard_McBride" title="Richard McBride">Sir Richard McBride</a> (1870–1917) was from 1903 to 1915 the Premier of British Columbia, where his was the first government under the new system of political parties. McBride was also known for his tireless work on behalf of the extension of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Great_Eastern_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Great Eastern Railroad">Pacific Great Eastern Railroad</a>, which was to bind British Columbia together the way the CPR had Canada.. </p><p>In the 20th century, perhaps the most well-known Canadian politician, particularly revered in Britain for his contribution to the allied cause in World War II, was <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> (1874–1950), who was very proud of his Scots background. King was three time Prime Minister of Canada, doing much to help preserve the unity of the French and English populations in his vast country. The first full-time Minister of Labour, King was the leader of the Liberal Party for over 30 years. His last term as prime minister was from 1935 to 1948. </p><p>Established as one of the major ethnic components of the Canadian population during the period 1815–1870, Scots dominated in many areas other than education and politics. Economic affairs also took their interest, and they largely controlled the trade in furs, timber, banking and railroad management. Almost one-quarter of Canada's industrial leaders in the 1920s had been born in Scotland, and another quarter had Scottish-born fathers. </p><p>The Scots had a long tradition of struggle to maintain a separate identity in the face of a simultaneous pressure to integrate into a foreign society. Thus over the years, they had gained considerable experience in the ambivalence of being both accommodating and distinctive. Substantial numbers of Scots continued to immigrate to Canada after 1870. The early 20th century saw a great boom in the numbers leaving Scotland for Canada. As one of many ethnic groups in Canada, the Scots have managed to retain their separate identity, as well as adopting other religious practices such as deism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199576_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199576-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Irish_American#Ulster-Scottish_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish American">Ulster-Scottish Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music_in_Canada" title="Celtic music in Canada">Celtic music in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengarry_Highland_Games" title="Glengarry Highland Games">Glengarry Highland Games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BritishIsles-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritishIsles_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Census_in_Canada" title="Census in Canada">demi-decadal censuses</a> officially use the name "British Isles Origins" for the various nationalities and ethnicities that are in the region. See 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-population2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-population2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 2006<sup id="cite_ref-population2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> censuses as examples</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2016_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2016_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2016_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Origin+%28279%29%2C+Single+and+Multiple+Ethnic+Origin+Responses+%283%29%2C+Generation+Status+%284%29%2C+Age+%2812%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+in+Private+Households+of+Canada%2C+Provinces+and+Territories%2C+Census+Metropolitan+Areas+and+Census+Agglomerations%2C+2016+Census+-+25%25+Sample+Data&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fdt-td%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D0%26GC%3D0%26GID%3D0%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D1%26PID%3D110528%26PRID%3D10%26PTYPE%3D109445%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3D0%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2017%26THEME%3D120%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFraser199576-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199576_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFraser199576_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFraser1995">Fraser 1995</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statcan1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statcan1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&Geo=01&SO=4D">"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables"</a>. statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Ethnocultural+Diversity+Highlight+Tables&rft.pub=statcan.gc.ca&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Fimm%2FTable.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26T%3D31%26Geo%3D01%26SO%3D4D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2011_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Origin+%28264%29%2C+Single+and+Multiple+Ethnic+Origin+Responses+%283%29%2C+Generation+Status+%284%29%2C+Age+Groups+%2810%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+in+Private+Households+of+Canada%2C+Provinces%2C+Territories%2C+Census+Metropolitan+Areas+and+Census+Agglomerations%2C+2011+National+Household+Survey&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fdt-td%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D0%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D0%26GC%3D0%26GID%3D0%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D0%26PID%3D105396%26PRID%3D0%26PTYPE%3D105277%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3D0%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2013%26THEME%3D95%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population2006_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2006_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2006_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population2006_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2020" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=1&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92333&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971&S=0&SHOWALL=No&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Origin+%28247%29%2C+Single+and+Multiple+Ethnic+Origin+Responses+%283%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+of+Canada%2C+Provinces%2C+Territories%2C+Census+Metropolitan+Areas+and+Census+Agglomerations%2C+2006+Census+-+20%25+Sample+Data&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fdp-pd%2Ftbt%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D1%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D1%26GC%3D0%26GID%3D0%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D1%26PID%3D92333%26PRID%3D0%26PTYPE%3D88971%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3DNo%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2006%26THEME%3D80%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population1871to1971-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1871to1971_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada1999" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1999-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/11-516-X">"Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration - ARCHIVED"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Historical+statistics+of+Canada%2C+section+A%3A+Population+and+migration+-+ARCHIVED&rft.date=1999-07-29&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Fn1%2Fen%2Fcatalogue%2F11-516-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population1901to1961-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1901to1961_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2013" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.831160/publication.html">"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population: vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=1961+Census+of+Canada+%3A+population+%3A+vol.+I+-+part+2+%3D+1961+Recensement+du+Canada+%3A+population%3A+vol.+I+-+partie+2.+Ethnic+groups.&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Feng%2F9.831160%2Fpublication.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population1971-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population1971_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1971_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2013" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.html">"1971 Census of Canada: population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Introduction to volume I (part 3)"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=1971+Census+of+Canada%3A+population+%3A+vol.+I+-+part+3+%3D+Recensement+du+Canada+1971+%3A+population+%3A+vol.+I+-+partie+3.+Introduction+to+volume+I+%28part+3%29.&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Feng%2F9.834326%2Fpublication.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population1981-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population1981_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population1981_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2013" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.837638/publication.html">"1981 Census of Canada: volume 1 - national series: population = Recensement du Canada de 1981: volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accessed January 13, 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumsted1981" class="citation journal cs1">Bumsted, J. 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"Scottish Emigration to the Maritimes 1770–1815: A New Look at an Old Theme". <i>Acadiensis</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 65–85. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30303376">30303376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acadiensis&rft.atitle=Scottish+Emigration+to+the+Maritimes+1770%E2%80%931815%3A+A+New+Look+at+an+Old+Theme&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=65-85&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30303376%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bumsted&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellBryce1911" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Wilfred; Bryce, George (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scotsmanincanada01camp/"><i>The Scotsman in Canada</i></a>. The Musson Book Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scotsman+in+Canada&rft.pub=The+Musson+Book+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Wilfred&rft.au=Bryce%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscotsmanincanada01camp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampey2007" class="citation book cs1">Campey, Lucille H. (2007). <i>After the Hector: The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton 1773–1852</i> (2nd ed.). Toronto: National Heritage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-770-9"><bdi>978-1-55002-770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Hector%3A+The+Scottish+Pioneers+of+Nova+Scotia+and+Cape+Breton+1773%E2%80%931852&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=National+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-770-9&rft.aulast=Campey&rft.aufirst=Lucille+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser1995" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Brian J. (May 1995). <i>Church, College, and Clergy: A History of Theological Education at Knox College, Toronto, 1844–1994</i>. McGill–Queen's Studies in the History of Religion. <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773513518" title="Special:BookSources/9780773513518"><bdi>9780773513518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church%2C+College%2C+and+Clergy%3A+A+History+of+Theological+Education+at+Knox+College%2C+Toronto%2C+1844%E2%80%931994&rft.series=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+Studies+in+the+History+of+Religion&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1995-05&rft.isbn=9780773513518&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Brian+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper2004" class="citation journal cs1">Harper, Marjory (April 2004). "Enticing the Emigrant: Canadian Agents in Ireland and Scotland, c.1870–c.1920". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Historical_Review" title="The Scottish Historical Review">The Scottish Historical Review</a></i>. <b>83</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>: 41–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fshr.2004.83.1.41">10.3366/shr.2004.83.1.41</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25529754">25529754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Enticing+the+Emigrant%3A+Canadian+Agents+in+Ireland+and+Scotland%2C+c.1870%E2%80%93c.1920&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-58&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fshr.2004.83.1.41&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25529754%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Marjory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKay1996" class="citation book cs1">MacKay, Donald (1996). <i>Scotland Farewell: The People of the Hector</i> (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Dundurn_Press" title="Dundurn Press">Dundurn Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-896219-12-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-896219-12-8"><bdi>1-896219-12-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland+Farewell%3A+The+People+of+the+Hector&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-896219-12-8&rft.aulast=MacKay&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumsted2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bumsted, J. M. (27 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/scots">"Scottish Canadians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Historica_Canada" title="Historica Canada">Historica Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scottish+Canadians&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Historica+Canada&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft.aulast=Bumsted&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fscots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bumsted, J. M., "Scots", in Paul Robert Magocsi, ed., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC&dq=Encyclopedia%20of%20Canada's%20Peoples&pg=PA1117">Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples</a></i> (1999) pp 1115–42, a comprehensive overview</li> <li>Calder, Jenni, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IM8dtmX0pWoC&dq=Scottish%20Canadians&pg=PP1">Scots in Canada</a></i> 2003 Edinburgh Luath</li> <li>Campbell, Robert M., and Brian K. MacLean, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-dOXr1lRCcAC&dq=Beyond%20the%20Atlantic%20Roar%3A%20A%20Study%20of%20the%20Nova%20Scotia%20Scots&pg=PP1">Beyond the Atlantic Roar: A Study of the Nova Scotia Scots</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampey2008" class="citation cs2">Campey, Lucille H (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Writa2bcjaEC&q=Canada&pg=PP1"><i>An Unstoppable Force: The Scottish Exodus to Canada</i></a>, Dundurn Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781550028119" title="Special:BookSources/9781550028119"><bdi>9781550028119</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unstoppable+Force%3A+The+Scottish+Exodus+to+Canada&rft.pub=Dundurn+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781550028119&rft.aulast=Campey&rft.aufirst=Lucille+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWrita2bcjaEC%26q%3DCanada%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampey2005" class="citation book cs1">Campey, Lucille H. (2005). <i>The Scottish Pioneers of Upper Canada, 1784–1855: Glengarry and Beyond</i>. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1897045018" title="Special:BookSources/1897045018"><bdi>1897045018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Pioneers+of+Upper+Canada%2C+1784%E2%80%931855%3A+Glengarry+and+Beyond&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Natural+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1897045018&rft.aulast=Campey&rft.aufirst=Lucille+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cowan, Paul, "How the Scots Created Canada" (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith, John Kenneth</a>. <i>The Scotch</i> (1984) in rural Ontario; memoir by famous economist</li> <li>Harper, Marjory & Evans, Nicholas J., 'Socio-economic Dislocation and Inter-war Emigration to Canada and the United States: A Scottish Snapshot', <i>The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History</i>, Vol. 34, Is. 4, 2006, pp. 529–552. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086530600991456">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086530600991456</a>.</li> <li>Hunter, James, <i>A Dance Called America: The Scottish Highlands, the United States and Canada</i> (2nd ed. 1994), popular account</li> <li>Ray, Celeste, ed., <i>Transatlantic Scots</i> (2005)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiderMcNabb2006" class="citation book cs1">Rider, Peter E.; McNabb, Heather, eds. (2006). <i>Kingdom of the Mind: How the Scots Helped Make Canada</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7641-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7641-4"><bdi>978-0-7735-7641-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt8155c">j.ctt8155c</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+the+Mind%3A+How+the+Scots+Helped+Make+Canada&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt8155c%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7641-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Canadians" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Canadians&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scottish_diaspora_in_Canada" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scottish diaspora in Canada">Scottish diaspora in Canada</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadascotland.com">Canadian Friends of Scotland Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/darkages/oddities_darkages.shtml">Documentation of the first Scots to set foot in Canada.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/ubcScot">Multicultural Canada website</a> textual records, photographs and maps relating to Roderick Andrew MacDonell and the settlement of Clandonald, Alberta</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Nations_band_governments" title="List of First Nations band governments">by band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in Canada">Métis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_ethnicity" title="Canadian ethnicity">Canadian ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_people" title="Québécois people">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundlander" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundlander">Newfoundlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadians" title="Irish Canadians">Irish Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist#Nova_Scotia" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Horn of Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Canadians" title="Eritrean Canadians">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Canadians" title="Ethiopian Canadians">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Canadians" title="Somali Canadians">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Canadians" title="Berber Canadians">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Canadians" title="Algerian Canadians">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Canadians" title="Libyan Canadians">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Canadians" title="Moroccan Canadians">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Canadians" title="Tunisian Canadians">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Canadians" title="Coptic Canadians">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Canadians" title="Egyptian Canadians">Egyptian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">East Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Canadians" title="South Sudanese Canadians">South Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Canadians" title="Sudanese Canadians">Sudanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Southern Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Canadians" title="South African Canadians">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Canadians" title="Zimbabwean Canadians">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">West Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Canadians" title="Ghanaian Canadians">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Canadians" title="Nigerian Canadians">Nigerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Canadians" title="Igbo Canadians">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Canadians" title="Yoruba Canadians">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Canadians" title="American Canadians">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Canadians" title="Mexican Canadians">Mexican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Canadians" title="Barbadian Canadians">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Canadians">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Canadians">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanese Canadians">Guyanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Canadians" title="Haitian Canadians">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Canadians" title="Jamaican Canadians">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Canadians">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Canadians" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Canadians">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Central and South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Canadians">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Canadians">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Canadians">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Canadians">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatemalan Canadians">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Canadians">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran Canadians">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayan Canadians">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Canadians">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Canadians" title="Asian Canadians">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Canadians" title="West Asian Canadians">Central Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Canadians" title="Afghan Canadians">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Canadians" title="Kazakh Canadians">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Canadians" title="Tajik Canadians">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Canadians" title="Tatar Canadians">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Canadians" title="Uzbek Canadians">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Canadians" title="Hong Kong Canadians">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Canadians" title="Japanese Canadians">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Canadians" title="Korean Canadians">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Canadians" title="Mongolian Canadians">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Canadians" title="Taiwanese Canadians">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Canadians" title="Tibetan Canadians">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Canadians" title="Bangladeshi Canadians">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Canadians" title="Nepalese Canadians">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Canadians" title="Pakistani Canadians">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Canada" title="Romani people in Canada">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Canadians" title="Sri Lankan Canadians">Sri Lankan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Canadians" title="Southeast Asian Canadians">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Canadians" title="Cambodian Canadians">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Canadians" title="Filipino Canadians">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Canadians" title="Indonesian Canadians">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Canadians" title="Laotian Canadians">Laotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Canadians" title="Malaysian Canadians">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Canadians" title="Singaporean Canadians">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Canadians" title="Thai Canadians">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Canadians" title="Vietnamese Canadians">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Canadians" title="West Asian Canadians">West Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Canadians" title="Arab Canadians">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Canadians" title="Iraqi Canadians">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Canadians" title="Jordanian Canadians">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Canadians" title="Lebanese Canadians">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Canadians" title="Saudi Canadians">Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Canadians" title="Syrian Canadians">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Canadians" title="Yemeni Canadians">Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Canadians" title="Assyrian Canadians">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Canadians" title="Azerbaijani Canadians">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Canadians" title="Iranian Canadians">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Canadians" title="Israeli Canadians">Israeli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Canadians" title="Kurdish Canadians">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Canadians" title="Turkish Canadians">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Canadians" title="Austrian Canadians">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Canadians" title="Czech Canadians">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Canadians" title="German Canadians">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Canadians" title="Hungarian Canadians">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Canadians" title="Polish Canadians">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Canadians" title="Slovak Canadians">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Canadians" title="Slovene Canadians">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Canadians" title="Swiss Canadians">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Canadians" title="Belarusian Canadians">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Canadians" title="Russian Canadians">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Ukrainian Canadians">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Canadians" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Canadians">Nordic and Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Canadians" title="Danish Canadians">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Canadians" title="Finnish Canadians">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Canadians" title="Icelandic Canadians">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Canadians" title="Norwegian Canadians">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Canadians" title="Swedish Canadians">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Canadians" title="Estonian Canadians">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Canadians" title="Latvian Canadians">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Canadians" title="Lithuanian Canadians">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Southeast Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Canadians">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Canadians" title="Bosnian Canadians">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Canadians" title="Bulgarian Canadians">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Canadians" title="Croatian Canadians">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Canadians" title="Greek Canadians">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Canadians" title="Macedonian Canadians">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Canadians" title="Montenegrin Canadians">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Canadians" title="Romanian Canadians">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Canadians" title="Serbian Canadians">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians" title="Italian Canadians">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Canadians" title="Maltese Canadians">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Canadians" title="Portuguese Canadians">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Canadians" title="Spanish Canadians">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Canadians" title="Basque Canadians">Basque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Canadians" title="Belgian Canadians">Belgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Canadians">Flemish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Canadians" title="Cornish Canadians">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Canadians" title="Scotch-Irish Canadians">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Canadians" title="Dutch Canadians">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Canadians" title="Breton Canadians">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_people" title="Québécois people">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Canadian">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Canadians" title="Luxembourgish Canadians">Luxembourger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Canadians" title="Oceanian Canadians">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Canadians" title="Australian Canadians">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_(Pacific_Island_worker)" title="Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Canadians" title="New Zealand Canadians">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_British_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people#Welsh_emigration" title="Welsh people">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Zimbabweans" title="White Zimbabweans"> Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Kenyans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Kenyans"> Kenya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Japan" title="Britons in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Bangladesh" title="Britons in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_India" title="Britons in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish-Indian">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_people_in_Pakistan" title="British people in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_people" title="Burgher people">Burgher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations#Britons_in_Cyprus" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expatriates_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#British" title="Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_France" title="British migration to France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Germany" title="British migration to Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Portugal" title="British migration to Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="British migration to Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_people_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British people in Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britter_och_nordirl%C3%A4ndare_i_Sverige" class="extiw" title="sv:Britter och nordirländare i Sverige">sv</a>]</span></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian" title="Anglo-Russian">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Russians" title="Scottish Russians">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Russians" title="Irish Russians">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-M%C3%A9tis" title="Anglo-Métis">Anglo-Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Canadians" title="Cornish Canadians">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Canadians" title="Scotch-Irish Canadians">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Quebecer">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jamaica <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Jamaicans" title="Scottish Jamaicans">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Mexico" title="Britons in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li>Nicaragua <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_settlement_in_Nicaragua" title="English settlement in Nicaragua">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">Old Stock Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestants" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestants">White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Latin_American" title="British Latin American">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Argentines" title="English Argentines">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Argentine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Brazilians" title="English Brazilians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Brazilians" title="Scottish Brazilians">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caribbean_people" title="White Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chileans" title="British Chileans">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Chilean">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Chilean">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paraguay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Peruvians" title="British Peruvians">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Uruguayans" title="British Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australians" title="Anglo-Celtic Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Australians" title="Cornish Australians">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Scottish Canadians","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scottish_Canadians","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7437641","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7437641","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-15T22:05:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T01:32:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a5\/Scottish_Canadians_by_census_division.svg","headline":"ethnic group; Canadians of Scottish descent or heritage"}</script> </body> </html>