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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Viimased_muudatused" title="Vikis tehtud viimaste muudatuste loend [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Viimased muudatused</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel" title="Mine juhuslikule leheküljele [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Juhuslik lehekülg</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Kuidas redigeerida"><span>Juhend</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Kontakteeru_meiega"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trüki või ekspordi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Raamat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Keemiline+side"><span>Koosta raamat</span></a></li><li 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logi sisse</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Veel valikuid" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Isiklikud lehed" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Isiklikud lehed</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kasutajamenüü" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_et.wikipedia.org&uselang=et"><span>Annetused</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Konto_loomine&returnto=Keemiline+side" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub konto luua ja sisse logida."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Loo konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Keemiline+side" title="See pole küll kohustuslik, aga sul tasub sisse logida. 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keemiline side</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Saadaval 103 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_binding" title="Chemiese binding – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese binding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة كيميائية – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة كيميائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enllaz_qu%C3%ADmicu" title="Enllaz químicu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enllaz químicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_rabit%C9%99" title="Kimyəvi rabitə – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi rabitə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikatan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8" title="রাসায়নিক বন্ধন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক বন্ধন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0-ha%CC%8Dk_kiat-ha%CC%8Dp" title="Hoà-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoà-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Хімічная сувязь – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Хімічная сувязь – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімічная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_veza" title="Hemijska veza – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химична връзка – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химична връзка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_qu%C3%ADmic" title="Enllaç químic – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç químic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Химилле çыхăну – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле çыхăну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_vazba" title="Chemická vazba – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemická vazba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondio_cemegol" title="Bondio cemegol – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bondio cemegol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_binding" title="Kemisk binding – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemihkala%C5%A1_%C4%8Danus" title="Kemihkalaš čanus – põhjasaami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kemihkalaš čanus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="põhjasaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Bindung" title="Chemische Bindung – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemische Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χημικός δεσμός – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημικός δεσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical bond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Enlace (química) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_ligo" title="Kemia ligo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia ligo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotura_kimiko" title="Lotura kimiko – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lotura kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پیوند شیمیایی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_chimique" title="Liaison chimique – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasc_ceimiceach" title="Nasc ceimiceach – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nasc ceimiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiangley_kemmigagh" title="Kiangley kemmigagh – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiangley kemmigagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Enlace químico – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enlace químico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="화학 결합 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Քիմիական կապ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="रासायनिक आबंध – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक आबंध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_veza" title="Kemijska veza – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiala_ligilo" title="Kemiala ligilo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemiala ligilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njik%E1%BB%8D_kem%E1%BB%8Bkal" title="Njikọ kemịkal – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Njikọ kemịkal" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umnqalo_wevanga" title="Umnqalo wevanga – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umnqalo wevanga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnatengi" title="Efnatengi – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnatengi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legame_chimico" title="Legame chimico – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legame chimico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99" title="קשר כימי – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר כימי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronc%C3%A8n_kimia" title="Roncèn kimia – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roncèn kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7" title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಬಂಧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಬಂಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ბმა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური ბმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялық байланыстар – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық байланыстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Химиялык байланыш – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химиялык байланыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muungo_kemia" title="Muungo kemia – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muungo kemia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyezon_chimik" title="Lyezon chimik – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lyezon chimik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ly%C3%A8zon_chimik" title="Lyèzon chimik – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lyèzon chimik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinculum_chemicum" title="Vinculum chemicum – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vinculum chemicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_saite" title="Ķīmiskā saite – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmiskā saite" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminis_ry%C5%A1ys" title="Cheminis ryšys – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cheminis ryšys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligam_chimich" title="Ligam chimich – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ligam chimich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_k%C3%B6t%C3%A9s" title="Kémiai kötés – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai kötés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хемиска врска – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемиска врска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="രാസബന്ധനം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസബന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="रासायनिक बंध – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रासायनिक बंध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk-gi%C3%B4ng" title="Huá-hŏk-giông – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hŏk-giông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Химийн холбоо – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Химийн холбоо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_binding" title="Chemische binding – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chemische binding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="化学結合 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_binding" title="Kjemisk binding – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_binding" title="Kjemisk binding – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligam_quimic" title="Ligam quimic – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ligam quimic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidhoo_keemikaalaa" title="Hidhoo keemikaalaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hidhoo keemikaalaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_bog%CA%BB" title="Kimyoviy bogʻ – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy bogʻ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਜੋੜ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਜੋੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimikal_ban" title="Kimikal ban – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kimikal ban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="សម្ព័ន្ធគីមី – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សម្ព័ន្ធគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemsch_Binnen" title="Cheemsch Binnen – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cheemsch Binnen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_chemiczne" title="Wiązanie chemiczne – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiązanie chemiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Ligação química – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Legătură chimică – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Химическая связь – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая связь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DB%81%DB%92_%D8%9F" title="کیمیکل بانڈ کیا ہے ؟ – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کیمیکل بانڈ کیا ہے ؟" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidhja_kimike" title="Lidhja kimike – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lidhja kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="රසායනික බන්ධන – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායනික බන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical bond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A" title="ڪيميائي بانڊ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيميائي بانڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Chemická väzba – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chemická väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_vez" title="Kemična vez – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemična vez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بەندی کیمیایی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хемијска веза – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијска веза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_veza" title="Hemijska veza – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beungkeut_kimia" title="Beungkeut kimia – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Beungkeut kimia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiallinen_sidos" title="Kemiallinen sidos – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemiallinen sidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_bindning" title="Kemisk bindning – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemisk bindning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawing_na_kimikal" title="Kawing na kimikal – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kawing na kimikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="வேதியியற் பிணைப்பு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியற் பிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turza_takrurant" title="Turza takrurant – kabiili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turza takrurant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన బంధం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన బంధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="พันธะเคมี – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธะเคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Liên kết hóa học – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Банди кимиёӣ – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Банди кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_ba%C4%9F" title="Kimyasal bağ – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal bağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хімічний зв'язок – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="خىمىيىلىك باغ – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خىمىيىلىك باغ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" title="化學鍵 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="化學鍵" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumpay_hin_kimikal" title="Sumpay hin kimikal – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sumpay hin kimikal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化学键" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93" title="כעמישער בונד – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמישער בונד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csop%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_k%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Ìsopọ̀ kẹ́míkà – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìsopọ̀ kẹ́míkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" title="化學鍵 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學鍵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学键" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44424#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output 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#c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artiklis ei ole piisavalt <a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine">viiteid</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Palun aita väiteid kontrollida ja <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit">viiteid lisada</a></small>. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Keemiline side</b> on side, mis ühendab <a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatomeid</a> üksteisega. Keemilise sideme lihtsaima mudeli järgi aatomid n-ö üritavad keemilise sideme moodustamise abil saavutada: </p> <ul><li>vesiniku puhul dubletti ehk kahte elektroni väliskihis ehk elektronpaari,</li> <li>sp-elementide puhul elektronoktetti ehk kaheksat elektroni aatomi väliskihis ja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-elemendid" title="D-elemendid">d-elementide</a> puhul võivad keemilise sideme tekkes osaleda ka eelviimase elektronkihi elektronid.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aatomite_ülesehitus"><span id="Aatomite_.C3.BClesehitus"></span>Aatomite ülesehitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomite ülesehitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomite ülesehitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:ADOMAH_periodic_table_(horizontal)_-_electron_orbitals.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="f, d, p, ja s orbitaalidega aatomid"><img alt="f, d, p, ja s orbitaalidega aatomid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg/1200px-ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1200" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg/1800px-ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg/2400px-ADOMAH_periodic_table_%28horizontal%29_-_electron_orbitals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Electron_orbitals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electron_orbitals.svg/400px-Electron_orbitals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electron_orbitals.svg/600px-Electron_orbitals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Electron_orbitals.svg/800px-Electron_orbitals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="556" /></a></span> </p><p>Nüüdisaegne arusaam aatomi ülesehitusest tugineb <a href="/wiki/Kvantf%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Kvantfüüsika">kvantmehaanikale</a>. Iga <a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Aatom">aatom</a> koosneb elektronkihtidest. Igas elektronkihis on <a href="/wiki/Aatomorbitaal" title="Aatomorbitaal">aatomorbitaalid</a>. Igale orbitaalile mahub kõige rohkem kaks elektroni (elektronpaar). Aatomorbitaale liigitatakse s-, p-, d- ja f-orbitaalideks, millel on iseloomulikud kujud. Esimese elektronkihi moodustab üks s-orbitaal, teise elektronkihi üks s-orbitaal ja kolm p-orbitaali, kolmanda elektronkihi üks s-orbitaal, kolm p-orbitaali ja viis d-orbitaali jne. Orbitaalid on üksteise suhtes paigutatud kindla suunaga. Orbitaalide täitumise järjekord käib <a href="/wiki/Aufbau_printsiip" title="Aufbau printsiip">Aufbau printsiipi</a> järgi: orbitaalid hakkavad elektronidega täituma madalaima energiaga orbitaalist. Kõrgema energiaga orbitaal ei hakka elektronidega täituma enne kui madalama energiaga orbitaal ei ole veel täis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keemilised_elemendid">Keemilised elemendid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised elemendid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilised elemendid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keemilised elemendid liigitakse <a href="/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid">metallideks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalloidid" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalloidid">metalloidideks</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Poolmetallid" title="Poolmetallid">poolmetalliseks</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Mittemetallid" title="Mittemetallid">mittemetallideks</a>. Keemilist sidet saavad moodustada <a href="/wiki/Valentselektronid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentselektronid">valentselektronid</a> (need on peaalarühma elementide jaoks väliskihi elektronid). Elektronid esinevad keemilistes ühendites tavaliselt <a href="/wiki/Elektronpaar" title="Elektronpaar">elektronpaaride</a> kujul. Ühe paari moodustanud elektronid paiknevad samas ruumipiirkonnas ning omavad sama energiat, kuid vastassuunalist <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinni</a>. Keemilisi sidemeid on eri tüüpe. Olenedes aatomi omadustest, nt <a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiivsus" title="Elektronegatiivsus">elektronegatiivsusest</a>, tekivad <a href="/wiki/Kovalentne_side" title="Kovalentne side">kovalentne</a> (polaarne ja mittepolaarne), <a href="/wiki/Iooniline_side" title="Iooniline side">iooniline</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Metalliline_side" title="Metalliline side">metalliline</a> side. <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cl2_polarity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cl2_polarity.svg/100px-Cl2_polarity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cl2_polarity.svg/150px-Cl2_polarity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cl2_polarity.svg/200px-Cl2_polarity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:HCl_polarity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/HCl_polarity.svg/100px-HCl_polarity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/HCl_polarity.svg/150px-HCl_polarity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/HCl_polarity.svg/200px-HCl_polarity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg/150px-Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg/225px-Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg/300px-Nuvola_di_elettroni.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="260" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ionic_bonding_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Ionic bonding animation.gif"><img alt="Ionic bonding animation.gif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ionic_bonding_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="302" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="151" /></a></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kovalentne_side" title="Kovalentne side">Kovalentse</a> sideme moodustab selle käsitluse järgi kahe aatomi poolt jagatud <a href="/wiki/Elektronpaar" title="Elektronpaar">elektronpaar</a>. Elektronegatiivsemad aatomid tõmbavad elektronpaari tugevamalt enda juurde. Kui keemilist sidet moodustavad aatomid (nt Cl–Cl) tõmbavad elektrone enda poole võrdselt, siis on tegemist mittepolaarse kovalentse keemilise sidemega. Eri elementide aatomite vaheliste keemiliste sidemete korral omandab elektronegatiivsema elemendi aatom negatiivse laengu. Kui elementide elektronegatiivsuste vahe on väike, siis on ka tekkivad laengud väikesed ja ka väiksemad ühe elektroni laengust (<a href="/wiki/Elementaarlaeng" title="Elementaarlaeng">elementaarlaengust</a>), mistõttu kutsutakse selliseid laenguid <a href="/wiki/Osalaeng" title="Osalaeng">osalaenguteks</a>. Osalaengute paiknemist keemilises valemis tähistatakse kreeka tähega δ ja nende suuruseid mõõdetakse elementaarlaengu suhtes. Kovalentset sidet, milles osalevatel aatomitel (nt H–Cl) on osalaengud, kutsutakse polaarseks keemiliseks sidemeks. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metalliline_side" title="Metalliline side">Metalliline</a> side – lihtsaima käsitluse järgi moodustavad valentselektronid metallides n-ö elektrongaasi, liikudes vabalt positiivse laenguga metalliioonide vahel (nt Li<sub><i>n</i></sub>, <i>n</i> = ∞). Metallilise sideme moodustamiseks peab elementide <a href="/wiki/Ionisatsioonienergia" title="Ionisatsioonienergia">ionisatsioonienergia</a> (ja sellega seotult <a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiivsus" title="Elektronegatiivsus">elektronegatiivsus</a>) olema üsna madal, tagades elemendile suure positiivsete ioonide moodustamise võime. Samas peab sidet moodustavate elementide elektronegatiivsuste vahe olema väike (vastasel korral tõmbaks ühe elemendi aatomid elektrone enda poole nii tugevalt, et moodustuks iooniline side). Alati omab kovalentset komponenti. </p><p>Mida suuremaks muutub sidet moodustavate aatomite elektronegatiivsuste vahe, seda suuremaks muutuvad ka aatomite osalaengud. Kui elementide elektronegatiivsuste vahe on piisavalt suur, siis võib nende vahelist keemilist sidet pidada enamasti <a href="/wiki/Iooniline_side" title="Iooniline side">iooniliseks</a> (nt Na–Cl). Puhta ioonilise sideme puhul on elektronpaar täielikult elektronegatiivsemale aatomile või aatomite rühmale üle läinud. Täiesti puhast ioonilist sidet ei esine – ioonilistes ühendites on keemilisel sidemel alati ka teatav kovalentne komponent. Sama moodi saab osalaenguid polaarses kovalentses sidemes pidada enamasti kovalentses sidemes esinevaks täiendavaks iooniliseks komponendiks. Nõnda puudub ioonilise ja kovalentse sideme vahel selge piir. </p><p>Molekulide vahel esinevad eri jõud: <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsi_j%C3%B5ud" title="Van der Waalsi jõud">van der Waalsi jõud</a> (nt dispersioonimõju ja induktsioonimõju) ning <a href="/wiki/Vesinikside" title="Vesinikside">vesiniksidemed</a>. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg"><img alt="Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg/200px-Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg/300px-Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg/400px-Hydrogen-bonding-in-water-2D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="716" /></a></span> </p><p>Vesiniksidemed on üsna tugevad (aga 10 korda nõrgemad, kui kovalentsed sidemed) ning mõjutavad ühendi keemilisi ja füüsikalisi omadusi. Van der Waalsi jõud on vesiniksidemeist veelgi nõrgemad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keemilise_sideme_liigi_üle_otsustamine"><span id="Keemilise_sideme_liigi_.C3.BCle_otsustamine"></span>Keemilise sideme liigi üle otsustamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilise sideme liigi üle otsustamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Keemilise sideme liigi üle otsustamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg/220px-Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg/330px-Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg/440px-Van_Arkel-Ketelaar_triangle_eesti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Van Arkel-Ketelaari kolmnurk. Värviliseks on tehtud erinevate sidemete tüüpide alad parema arusaamise jaoks</figcaption></figure> <p>Keemilise sideme liik määratakse <a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiivsus" title="Elektronegatiivsus">elektronegatiivsuste</a> erinevuse ∆<i>χ</i> põhjal: </p> <ul><li>kui ∆<i>χ</i> = 0...0,4, siis on mittepolaarne kovalentne side (nt <a href="/wiki/Kloor" title="Kloor">Cl</a><sub>2</sub>)</li> <li>kui ∆<i>χ</i> = 0,4...2, siis on polaarne kovalentne side (nt <a href="/wiki/Vesinikkloriidhape" title="Vesinikkloriidhape">HCl</a>)</li> <li>kui ∆<i>χ</i> > 2, siis on <a href="/wiki/Iooniline_side" title="Iooniline side">iooniline side</a> (nt <a href="/wiki/NaCl" class="mw-redirect" title="NaCl">NaCl</a>), aga kuna puhast ioonilist sidet ei esine (alati on olemas kovalentne osakaal), siis on õigem määrata kahe elemendi vahel <b>domineeriva</b> keemilise sideme liigi. Selle ligikaudseks hindamiseks saab kasutada van Arkel–Ketelaari kolmnurka.</li></ul> <p>Aastal 1941 tunnustas van Arkel kolm selgelt eristavate omadustega materjali ja paigutas need võrdkülgse kolmnurka tippudele. Ketelaar täiendas kolmnurka suurema binaarsete ühendite kogusega. Antud kolmnurka arendati veel ning leiti sõltuvust: </p> <ul><li><i>x</i>-teljel asuva kahe aatomi keskmist elektronegatiivsuse</li> <li><i>y</i>-teljel asuva kahe aatomi elektronegatiivsuste vahe vahel.</li></ul> <p>Teades need koordinaate leiab kolmnurka pealt domineeriva sideme liiki. Pilt kolmnurgast asub siin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZNGThjz82Xo/maxresdefault.jpg">Siin</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kovalentne_side" title="Kovalentne side">Kovalentne side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovalentne_side" title="Kovalentne side">Kovalentne side</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Doonor-aktseptorside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doonor-aktseptorside (pole veel kirjutatud)">Doonor-aktseptorside</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalliline_side" title="Metalliline side">Metalliline side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iooniline_side" title="Iooniline side">Iooniline side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesinikside" title="Vesinikside">Vesinikside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaksikside" title="Kaksikside">Kaksikside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolmikside" title="Kolmikside">Kolmikside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kompleks%C3%BChend" title="Kompleksühend">Kompleksühend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjugeeritud_sidemed" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjugeeritud sidemed">Konjugeeritud sidemed</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koordinatiivside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koordinatiivside (pole veel kirjutatud)">Koordinatiivside</a> (ehk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doonor-aktseptorside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doonor-aktseptorside (pole veel kirjutatud)">doonor-aktseptorside</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekulaarorbitaalide_teooria" title="Molekulaarorbitaalide teooria">Molekulaarorbitaalide teooria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_printsiip" title="Pauli printsiip">Pauli printsiip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentssidemete_teooria" title="Valentssidemete teooria">Valentssidemete teooria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.lib.ttu.ee/i/?837">"Aatomi ehitus. Keemiline side. Õppevahend"</a>. digi.lib.ttu.ee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mg7yqrY43WQ&ab_channel=ToomasTamm">[1]</a>. Toomas Tamme 2016 a. "Keemia aluste" loengusalvestuse redigeeritud versioon.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&oldid=6477755">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keemiline_side&oldid=6477755</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keemiline_side" title="Kategooria:Keemiline side">Keemiline side</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ebapiisavalt_viidatud_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Ebapiisavalt viidatud artiklid">Ebapiisavalt viidatud artiklid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 19:52, 11. september 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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