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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aatomi_ehitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aatomi_ehitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aatomi ehitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aatomi_ehitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aatomituum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aatomituum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aatomituum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aatomituum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronkate,_ioonid_ja_spektrid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronkate,_ioonid_ja_spektrid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elektronkate, ioonid ja spektrid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronkate,_ioonid_ja_spektrid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aatomi_mass,_isotoobid_ja_massidefekt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aatomi_mass,_isotoobid_ja_massidefekt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aatomi mass, isotoobid ja massidefekt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aatomi_mass,_isotoobid_ja_massidefekt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aatomi_mõõtmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aatomi_mõõtmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aatomi mõõtmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aatomi_mõõtmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ajalugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajalugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ajalugu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa "Ajalugu"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ajalugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiikaja_atomistika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiikaja_atomistika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Antiikaja atomistika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiikaja_atomistika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uusaja_atomistika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uusaja_atomistika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Uusaja atomistika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uusaja_atomistika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aatomifüüsika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aatomifüüsika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Aatomifüüsika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aatomifüüsika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aatom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 220 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-220" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">220 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Atoom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9D" title="አቶም – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አቶም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot" title="Mot – vanainglise" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mot" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="vanainglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="ذرة – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A7" title="Հիւլէ – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հիւլէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81" title="পৰমাণু – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰমাণু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomu" title="Átomu – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Átomu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumingue%27a" title="Tumingue'a – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tumingue'a" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85" title="آتوم – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81" title="পরমাণু – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরমাণু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-ch%C3%BA" title="Goân-chú – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – Banyumasi murre" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasi murre" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Атам – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Атам – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – keskbikoli" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="keskbikoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atong" title="Atong – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Atong" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tom" title="Àtom – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àtom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – sebu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo – Zamboanga tšavakano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Átomo" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Zamboanga tšavakano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomu" title="Atomu – korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Atomu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="درة – Maroko araabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="درة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Maroko araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoma" title="Atoma – põhjasaami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Atoma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="põhjasaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – alamsorbi" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="alamsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Άτομο – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άτομο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tum" title="Àtum – emiilia-romanja" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Àtum" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiilia-romanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Átomo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomu" title="Átomu – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Átomu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85" title="اتم – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmaanu" title="Parmaanu – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Parmaanu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome" title="Atome – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atome" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atoom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamh" title="Adamh – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breneen" title="Breneen – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Breneen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atam" title="Atam – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Atam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Átomo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – kani" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="kani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomu" title="Atomu – kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Atomu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%81" title="અણુ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અણુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Ngièn-chṳ́ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-chṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – kalmõki" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmõki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwayar_Zarra" title="Kwayar Zarra – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kwayar Zarra" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80toma" title="ʻĀtoma – havai" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĀtoma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Ատոմ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – ülemsorbi" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ülemsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – osseedi" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseedi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – koosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="koosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChwe" title="IChwe – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IChwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumeind" title="Frumeind – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אטום – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisi%C5%8B_t%CA%8B" title="Sisiŋ tʋ – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sisiŋ tʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಪರಮಾಣು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರಮಾಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomu" title="Átomu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Átomu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ატომი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ატომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95" title="کنہٕ – kašmiiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کنہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomu" title="Atomu – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Atomu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B2m" title="Atòm – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Atòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomm" title="Atomm – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Atomm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9" title="ປະລະມານູ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະລະມານູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomus" title="Atomus – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atomus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoms" title="Atoms – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atoms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – lesgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomas" title="Atomas – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atomas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoeam" title="Atoeam – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Atoeam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome" title="Atome – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Atome" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomu" title="Atomu – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Atomu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ratni" title="ratni – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ratni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atum" title="Atum – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Atum" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B4ma" title="Atôma – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81" title="അണു – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomu" title="Atomu – malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Atomu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%82" title="अणू – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अणू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ატომი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ატომი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87" title="ذره – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ذره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Nguòng-cṳ̄ – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-cṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Átomo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Атомсь – mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Атомсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အက်တမ် – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်တမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantzintetl" title="Nantzintetl – nahua" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Nantzintetl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – Nigeeria pidžinkeel" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigeeria pidžinkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atoom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="परमाणु – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="परमाणु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81" title="अणु – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अणु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – napoli" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atoom" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etem" title="Etem – norfuki" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Etem" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="norfuki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B4me" title="Atôme – Normandia" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Atôme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome" title="Atome – noviaal" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Atome" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="noviaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B2m" title="Atòm – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atòm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – niidumari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="niidumari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%81" title="ପରମାଣୁ – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପରମାଣୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxusa" title="Buxusa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Buxusa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایٹم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အဲစ်တမ် – paoo" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အဲစ်တမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="paoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%85" title="اټوم – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اټوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atam" title="Atam – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Atam" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC" title="បរមាណូ – khmeeri" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បរមាណូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tom" title="Àtom – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Àtom" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Átomo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku" title="Iñuku – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%83" title="परमाणुः – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="परमाणुः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ایٹم" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tomu" title="Àtomu – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Àtomu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – saterfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomi" title="Atomi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Atomi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tumu" title="Àtumu – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Àtumu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94" title="පරමාණු – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරමාණු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BD%D9%85" title="ائٽم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ائٽم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B3m" title="Atóm – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atóm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A" title="Атомъ – kirikuslaavi" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Атомъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirikuslaavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C5%AFm" title="Atům – sileesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Atům" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sileesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – somaali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95" title="گەردیلە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەردیلە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomi" title="Atomi – sranani" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Atomi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomi" title="Atomi – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atomi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablkim" title="Ablkim – šilha" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ablkim" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81" title="அணு – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelkim" title="Abelkim – kabiili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abelkim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="పరమాణువు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరమాణువు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="อะตอม – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะตอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Nguyên tử – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9B%E1%89%B5" title="ኣቶማት – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኣቶማት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%BB" title="ᎠᏓᎻ – tšerokii" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="tšerokii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – tõva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tõva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – udmurdi" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1" title="جوہر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85" title="ئاتوم – uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاتوم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzswj" title="Yenzswj – tšuangi" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzswj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="tšuangi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tomo" title="Àtomo – veneti" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Àtomo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – vepsa" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taum" title="Taum – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Taum" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadom" title="Aadom – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aadom" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B4me" title="Atôme – vallooni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Atôme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom – lääneflaami" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Atoom" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="lääneflaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Atomo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarefulwoon" title="Xarefulwoon – volofi" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xarefulwoon" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athomu" title="Athomu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Athomu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אטאם – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – dõmli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dõmli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atuoms" title="Atuoms – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atuoms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%E1%BB%8Dm" title="Atọm – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Atọm" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – keskdusuni" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="keskdusuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom" title="Atom – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Atom" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ – tamasikti (Maroko)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamasikti (Maroko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9121#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aatom" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Aatom" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aatom"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aatom"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Aatom" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Aatom" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&oldid=6576333" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&page=Aatom&id=6576333&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAatom"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAatom"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atom" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aatom" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9121" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib keemia ja füüsika mõistest; filosoofia mõiste kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom_(filosoofia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aatom (filosoofia) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aatom (filosoofia)</a>; matemaatika mõiste kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom_(matemaatika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aatom (matemaatika) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aatom (matemaatika)</a>; teiste tähenduste kohta vaata lehekülge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom_(t%C3%A4psustus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aatom (täpsustus) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aatom (täpsustus)</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="margin-left:1em" width="300"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="gray"><i><b>Heeliumi aatom</b></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Heeliumi_aatom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heeliumi aatom põhiolekus"><img alt="Heeliumi aatom põhiolekus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heeliumi_aatom.svg/300px-Heeliumi_aatom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heeliumi_aatom.svg/450px-Heeliumi_aatom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Heeliumi_aatom.svg/600px-Heeliumi_aatom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: smaller; text-align: justify;"><a href="/wiki/Heelium" title="Heelium">Heeliumi</a> aatomi joonis, millel <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">aatomituum</a> on kujutatud roosa täpina ja <a href="/wiki/Elektronkate" title="Elektronkate">elektronkate</a> halli pilvena. Tuum (vt ülal paremal) on tegelikkuses sfääriliselt sümmeetriline, kuigi suuremate aatomite tuumad ei pruugi sellised olla. Must mõõtejoon näitab pikkusühikut <a href="/wiki/Ongstr%C3%B6m" title="Ongström">ongström</a> (10<sup>−10</sup> <a href="/wiki/Meeter" title="Meeter">m</a> ehk 100 000 <a href="/wiki/Femto-" title="Femto-">fm</a>) võrreldes aatomiga. </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="gray">Definitsioon </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td>Vähim <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_element" title="Keemiline element">keemilise elemendi</a> osa </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="gray">Omadused </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aatommass" title="Aatommass">Massivahemik</a>:</td> <td>1,67 × 10<sup>−27</sup> kuni 4,52 × 10<sup>−25</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm">kilogrammi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">Elektrilaeng</a>:</td> <td>null (neutraalne) (<a href="/wiki/Ioniseerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioniseerimine">ioniseerimata aatom</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diameeter" title="Diameeter">Diameetri</a> vahemik:</td> <td>62 <a href="/wiki/Pikomeeter" title="Pikomeeter">pm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heelium" title="Heelium">He</a>) kuni 520 pm (<a href="/wiki/Tseesium" title="Tseesium">Cs</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementaarosake" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementaarosake">Koostisosad</a>:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektronid</a> ja kompaktne <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleon">nukleonidest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootonid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronid</a>) koosnev <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">tuum</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Aatomiks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vanakreeka_keel" title="Vanakreeka keel">vanakreeka</a> sõnast <i>ἄτομος</i> (<i>átomos</i>) 'jagamatu') nimetatakse väikseimat osakest, mis säilitab talle vastava <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_element" title="Keemiline element">keemilise elemendi</a> <a href="/wiki/Keemilised_omadused" title="Keemilised omadused">keemilised omadused</a>. Aatomid võivad <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_aine" title="Keemiline aine">aines</a> esineda üksikuna või <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulideks</a> liitununa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Keemia" title="Keemia">Keemia</a> piirides on aatom jagamatu, füüsikaliste vahenditega aga saab teda lahutada <a href="/wiki/Elementaarosakesed" title="Elementaarosakesed">elementaarosakesteks</a>. Aatomi ehitust võivad muuta looduslikud <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivsus" title="Radioaktiivsus">radioaktiivsed</a> protsessid ja aatomite pommitamine elementaarosakestega. </p><p>Aatomite puhul ei kehti <a href="/wiki/Klassikaline_mehaanika" title="Klassikaline mehaanika">klassikalise mehaanika</a> seadused; nende kirjeldamiseks tuleb kasutada <a href="/wiki/Kvantmehaanika" title="Kvantmehaanika">kvantmehaanika</a> mõisteid ja seaduspärasusi. </p><p>Aatom koosneb positiivse <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaenguga</a> <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">tuumast</a>, mis paikneb aatomi keskel ning seda ümbritsevast sama suure negatiivse elektrilaenguga <a href="/wiki/Elektronkate" title="Elektronkate">elektronkattest</a>. Aatomi summaarne elektrilaeng on null. Niiviisi mõistetud aatomit nimetatakse <b>neutraalseks aatomiks</b> ehk <b>ioniseerimata aatomiks</b>. Laiemas mõttes nimetatakse <b>aatomiteks</b> ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniseeritud_aatom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioniseeritud aatom (pole veel kirjutatud)">ioniseeritud aatomeid</a>. Ioniseeritud aatomid erinevad ioniseerimata aatomitest selle poolest, et: </p> <ol><li>nende elektronkatte elektrilaengu <a href="/wiki/Absoluutv%C3%A4%C3%A4rtus" title="Absoluutväärtus">absoluutväärtus</a> erineb tuuma elektronkatte omast;</li> <li>nende summaarne elektrilaeng erineb nullist;</li> <li>nad kuuluvad <a href="/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon">ioonide</a> hulka.</li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aatomi_ehitus">Aatomi ehitus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi ehitus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi ehitus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aatom koosneb positiivse <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaenguga</a> <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">aatomituumast</a>, mida ümbritseb negatiivselt laetud <a href="/wiki/Elektronkate" title="Elektronkate">elektronkate</a> ehk elektronkest. Viimane jaguneb <a href="/wiki/Elektronkiht" title="Elektronkiht">elektronkihtideks</a>, mis omakorda koosnevad negatiivse <a href="/wiki/Elementaarlaeng" title="Elementaarlaeng">elementaarlaenguga</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronidest</a>. Aatomi tuum annab 99,9% kogu aatomi <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">massist</a>; aatomi elektronkate määrab ära aatomi läbimõõdu. Vähima aatomi, <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesiniku</a> mass on suurusjärgus 10<sup>−27</sup> kg ja läbimõõt suurusjärgus 10<sup>−10</sup> m (ehk üks <a href="/wiki/Ongstr%C3%B6m" title="Ongström">ongström</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aatomituum">Aatomituum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomituum"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomituum" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">Aatomituum</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">Aatomituum</a> koosneb lähestikku asetsevatest <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleon">nukleonidest</a> – positiivse <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaenguga</a> <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootonitest</a> ja elektrilaenguta (neutraalsetest) <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronitest</a>. Prootoni ja neutroni mass on ligikaudu võrdsed. Sõltuvalt tuuma koostisest ja energiatasemest jagunevad tuumad erinevateks <a href="/wiki/Nukliid" title="Nukliid">nukliidideks</a>. Prootoneid ja neutroneid hoiab tuumas koos <a href="/wiki/Tuumaj%C3%B5ud" title="Tuumajõud">tuumajõud</a>, mis on positiivselt laetud prootonite omavahelisest elektrostaatilisest tõukejõust umbes 100 korda suurem. Et tuumajõudude mõjuulatus on väga väike (efektiivselt mõjub see vaid kõrvuti asetsevate nukleonide vahel), siis ülisuurtes aatomituumades ei suuda tuumajõud tuuma enam koos hoida ning tuum võib <a href="/wiki/Tuumalagunemine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuumalagunemine">laguneda</a>. Sellised aatomid on <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivsus" title="Radioaktiivsus">radioaktiivsed</a>. Planeedi Maa looduses leiduvast 94 <a href="/wiki/Keemilised_elemendid" class="mw-redirect" title="Keemilised elemendid">keemilisest elemendist</a> on esimesed 80 stabiilsete aatomituumadega, ülejäänud aga radioaktiivsed. </p><p>Nii prootonid kui ka neutronid on <a href="/wiki/Fermion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermion">fermionid</a>, mis tähendab, et nende kohta kehtib <a href="/wiki/Pauli_keeluprintsiip" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauli keeluprintsiip">Pauli keeluprintsiip</a> – kaks samas ruumiosas asuvat fermioni ei saa korraga olla samas <a href="/wiki/Kvantolek" title="Kvantolek">kvantolekus</a>. Prootonite ja neutronite olekud on määratud tuuma <a href="/wiki/Kvantarv" title="Kvantarv">kvantarvudega</a> ning neid nimetatakse ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuumaorbitaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuumaorbitaal (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuumaorbitaalideks</a>. Prootonid ja neutronid ei saa Pauli keeluprintsiibi tõttu olla samas ruumipunktis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">Prootonite</a> arv tuumas (<a href="/wiki/Laenguarv" class="mw-redirect" title="Laenguarv">laenguarv</a> ehk <a href="/wiki/Aatomnumber" title="Aatomnumber">aatomnumber</a> Z) määrab, millise <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_element" title="Keemiline element">keemilise elemendi</a> aatomiga on tegemist. Et prootonite arv tuumas võrdub ka elektronide arvuga elektronkattes (<a href="/wiki/Ioniseerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioniseerimine">ioniseerimata</a> aatomi korral), siis on erineva prootonite arvuga aatomitel erinevad <a href="/wiki/Keemilised_omadused" title="Keemilised omadused">keemilised</a> ja optilised omadused. </p><p>Sama prootonite arvu, kuid erineva neutronite arvuga (N) aatomid on teineteise <a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">isotoobid</a>. Eri isotoopide keemilised omadused on reeglina väga sarnased (välja arvatud <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesiniku</a> puhul), mis muudab isotoopide eristamise keeruliseks. Et eri isotoopide aatomitel on erinev nukleonide arv (<a href="/wiki/Massiarv" title="Massiarv">massiarv</a> A), on eri isotoopide <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsikalised_omadused" title="Füüsikalised omadused">füüsikalised omadused</a> erinevad. Isotoopi massiarvuga A ja laenguarvuga Z tähistatakse <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{Z}^{A}\mathrm {X} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>Z</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{Z}^{A}\mathrm {X} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1700e378c05e1ce8b685edbf00187f06bce06cf7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.208ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{Z}^{A}\mathrm {X} }"></span>, kus X on keemilise elemendi sümbol. Kui neutronite arv aatomis erineb oluliselt energeetiliselt kõige soodsamast (kõige madalama <a href="/wiki/Seoseenergia" title="Seoseenergia">seoseenergiaga</a>) neutronite arvust, on tuum ebastabiilne; sel juhul on tegu <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivne_isotoop" title="Radioaktiivne isotoop">radioaktiivse isotoobiga</a>. Viimane võib laguneda, kiirates <a href="/wiki/Radioaktiivne_kiirgus" title="Radioaktiivne kiirgus">radioaktiivset kiirgust</a>. </p><p>Ehkki aatomituuma <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> moodustab valdava osa aatomi massist, on tuuma läbimõõt umbes 100 000 korda väiksem kui aatomil tervikuna, st suurusjärgus 10<sup>−15</sup> m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektronkate,_ioonid_ja_spektrid"><span id="Elektronkate.2C_ioonid_ja_spektrid"></span>Elektronkate, ioonid ja spektrid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Elektronkate, ioonid ja spektrid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Elektronkate, ioonid ja spektrid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Elektronkate" title="Elektronkate">Elektronkate</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Aatomi elektronkate koosneb <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronidest</a>, millel on negatiivne <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaeng</a>. Elektronid ei tiirle ümber aatomi selle sõna klassikalises mõistes, vaid moodustavad <a href="/wiki/Elektronpilv" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronpilv">elektronpilve</a>. Elektronpilve läbimõõt on mitu suurusjärku suurem aatomituuma läbimõõdust, seega määrab elektronpilve läbimõõt ära aatomi mõõtmed. </p><p>Kui aatomis on elektrone rohkem või vähem kui prootoneid, siis on tegemist <a href="/wiki/Ioon" title="Ioon">iooniga</a>. Liigse elektroniga on negatiivne ioon (<a href="/wiki/Anioon" title="Anioon">anioon</a>), puuduv elektron on aga positiivsel ioonil (<a href="/wiki/Katioon" title="Katioon">katioon</a>). Kui aatomis ei ole ühtegi elektroni, siis on tegemist täielikult ioniseeritud aatomiga. Elektronide aatomist lahtirebimine või juurdelisamine on aatomi <a href="/wiki/Ioniseerimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioniseerimine">ioniseerimine</a>. Kõige kergemini on aatomist lahti rebitavad need elektronid, mis on aatomiga kõige nõrgemini seotud. Ioonidel on <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaeng</a>, mille määrab neutraalsest aatomist välja rebitud või sellele lisandunud elektronide arv; seetõttu reageerivad ioonid ümbritsevate aatomitega palju tugevamalt kui neutraalsed aatomid. </p><p>Kui aatom on <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekuli</a> koosseisus, tekib tal selle molekuli teiste aatomitega ühine, uute omadustega elektronkate. Keemiliste elementide keemilised omadused sõltuvad elektronide arvust ja nende energeetilisest jaotusest; aatomituum mõjutab neid ainult elektronide arvu kaudu neutraalses aatomis (erandiks on <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesinik</a>). </p><p>Elektronid (nagu <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootonid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronidki</a>) on <a href="/wiki/Fermionid" title="Fermionid">fermionid</a>. Seega kehtib ka nende kohta <a href="/wiki/Pauli_keeluprintsiip" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauli keeluprintsiip">Pauli keeluprintsiip</a>, mis ei luba kahel elektronil olla samas ruumiosas samas energeetilises olekus (<a href="/wiki/Kvantolek" title="Kvantolek">kvantolekus</a>). Iga elektron, mis lisandub aatomi elektronkattesse, peab valima endale teistest elektronidest erineva energiatasemega <a href="/wiki/Aatomorbitaal" title="Aatomorbitaal">aatomorbitaali</a>. Aatomorbitaalid on määratud elektronkatte <a href="/wiki/Kvantarv" title="Kvantarv">kvantarvudega</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronkatte_peakvantarv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronkatte peakvantarv (pole veel kirjutatud)">Elektronkatte peakvantarv</a> (n) määrab ära <a href="/wiki/Elektronkiht" title="Elektronkiht">elektronkihi</a>, millel elektron asub. Täpse orbitaali määramiseks tuleb arvestada veel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimuudi_kvantarv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asimuudi kvantarv (pole veel kirjutatud)">asimuudi kvantarvu</a> (l), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetiline_kvantarv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetiline kvantarv (pole veel kirjutatud)">magnetilise kvantarvu</a> (m<sub>l</sub>) ja elektroni <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinniga</a>. </p><p>Kui kõik aatomi elektronid asuvad madalaimates (vähima energiaga) lubatud <a href="/wiki/Kvantolek" title="Kvantolek">kvantolekutes</a>, siis on aatom <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hiolek" title="Põhiolek">põhiolekus</a>. Kui mõni elektron neelab <a href="/wiki/Footon" title="Footon">footoni</a> (saab endale footoni energia), siis tõuseb ta mõnele kõrgemale vabale energiatasemele ja aatom läheb <a href="/wiki/Ergastatud_olek" title="Ergastatud olek">ergastatud olekusse</a>. Tagasi põhiolekusse minnes kiirgab aatom <a href="/wiki/Footon" title="Footon">footoni</a>; sellega naaseb elektron vähima võimaliku energiaga <a href="/wiki/Kvantolek" title="Kvantolek">kvantolekusse</a>. </p><p>Sellisel moel kiiratud footon omab energiat, mis võrdub elektroni algse ja kiirgamisjärgse energeetilise taseme energia vahega. Et erinevates aatomites on erinevate kvantolekute energiatasemete vahed erinevad, siis iga aatom kiirgab ergastatud olekust põhiolekusse naastes erineva energiaga (st <a href="/wiki/Lainepikkus" title="Lainepikkus">lainepikkusega</a>) footoneid. Sellest tuleneb erinevate aatomite erinev <a href="/wiki/Aatomispekter" title="Aatomispekter">spekter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiirgusspekter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiirgusspekter">kiirgusspekter</a>). Sama efekti võib täheldada ka valguse neeldumist uurides. Täielikult neelduvad ainult need footonid, mille energia (lainepikkus) vastab täpselt aatomi põhioleku ja mõne ergastatud oleku energiatasemete vahele. Sellisel moel tekib <a href="/wiki/Neeldumisspekter" class="mw-redirect" title="Neeldumisspekter">neeldumisspekter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aatomi_mass,_isotoobid_ja_massidefekt"><span id="Aatomi_mass.2C_isotoobid_ja_massidefekt"></span>Aatomi mass, isotoobid ja massidefekt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi mass, isotoobid ja massidefekt"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi mass, isotoobid ja massidefekt" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatomi_mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aatomi mass (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aatomi mass</a></i></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Aatommass" title="Aatommass">Aatommass</a></i></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">Isotoop</a></i></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Massidefekt" title="Massidefekt">Massidefekt</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Peaaegu kogu aatomi <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> on koondunud tuuma. Elektronide mass moodustab aatomi massist alla ühe <a href="/wiki/Promill" title="Promill">promilli</a>. </p><p>Aatomi mass on suurusjärgus 10<sup>−27</sup> kg kuni 10<sup>−25</sup> kg. Et nii väikeste arvudega on tülikas opereerida, siis väljendatakse aatomi massi suhtena teatud kindla aatomi massiga. Seetõttu väljendatakse aatomi massi <a href="/wiki/Dimensioonita_suurus" title="Dimensioonita suurus">dimensioonita suurusega</a>, mida nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Aatommass" title="Aatommass">aatommassiks</a>. Võrdlusalusena on varem kasutatud <a href="/wiki/Vesinik" title="Vesinik">vesiniku</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik">hapniku</a> aatomit; aastal <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> lepiti kokku kasutada isotoobi <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCsinik-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Süsinik-12 (pole veel kirjutatud)">süsinik-12</a> aatomit. Selle aatomi aatommass on definitsiooni järgi 12, nii et <a href="/wiki/Aatommassi%C3%BChik" title="Aatommassiühik">aatommassiühik</a> (amü) on 1/12 süsinik-12 aatomi massist. </p><p>Enamik keemilisi elemente esineb looduses mitme isotoobina, mistõttu iga keemilise elemendi aatommass antakse isotoopide loodusliku segu keskmisena. Enamasti isotoopide looduslikud proportsioonid ei varieeru, kuid näiteks <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4vel" title="Väävel">väävli</a> puhul on see siiski eri leiukohtades erinev. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heelium" title="Heelium">Heelium</a> esineb ainult isotoobina <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35c75024742bdf512e9cdcdccec5d5f16fc4404b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.83ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"></span>. Heeliumiaatomi tuum koosneb kahest prootonist ja kahest neutronist, mille summaarne mass on 4,034 amü; heeliumi aatomi mass on aga kõigest 4,003 amü. See masside erinevus, mida nimetatakse <a href="/wiki/Massidefekt" title="Massidefekt">massidefektiks</a>, läheb <a href="/wiki/Seoseenergia" title="Seoseenergia">seoseenergia</a> arvele. See energia vabaneb <a href="/wiki/Termotuumareaktsioon" title="Termotuumareaktsioon">termotuumareaktsioonis</a>, kus vesinikuaatomi tuumade liitumisel moodustub heeliumiaatomi tuum. </p><p>Aatomite (ja isotoopide) ning molekulide massi määramiseks kasutatakse tänapäeval <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massispektroskoopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massispektroskoopia (pole veel kirjutatud)">massispektroskoopiat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aatomi_mõõtmed"><span id="Aatomi_m.C3.B5.C3.B5tmed"></span>Aatomi mõõtmed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi mõõtmed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomi mõõtmed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aatomi mõõtmed määrab elektronkate. </p><p>Aatomi läbimõõdu suurusjärk on 10<sup>−10</sup> m. Ühte sentimeetrisse mahuks ritta asetatuna umbes 100 miljonit aatomit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ajalugu">Ajalugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Ajalugu" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Atomistika" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomistika">Atomistika</a></i></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Aatomimudel" title="Aatomimudel">Aatomimudel</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiikaja_atomistika">Antiikaja atomistika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Antiikaja atomistika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Antiikaja atomistika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Atomistika" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomistika">Atomistika</a> pärineb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanakreeka_filosoofia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanakreeka filosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">vanakreeka filosoofiast</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aine_ehitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aine ehitus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aine ehitust</a> püüti kindlaks teha arutluste teel. Näiteks <a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a> pidas ainet <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B5putu_jagatavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lõputu jagatavus (pole veel kirjutatud)">lõputult jagatavaks</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leukippos" title="Leukippos">Leukippos</a> ja tema õpilane <a href="/wiki/Demokritos" title="Demokritos">Demokritos</a> aga leidsid, et see on loogiliselt võimatu. Seetõttu nad oletasid, et aine koosneb väikestest jagamatutest osadest, mida nad hakkasid nimetama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom_(filosoofia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aatom (filosoofia) (pole veel kirjutatud)">aatomiteks</a> ning mida nad eristasid neid ümbritsevast <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BChjus" title="Tühjus">tühjusest</a>. Leukippos lähtus tõsiasjast, et <a href="/wiki/Liikumine" title="Liikumine">liikumine</a> on olemas. Järelikult peab olema koht, milles liigutakse, ja see peabki olema tühjus. Aine osad peavad aga tühjusest erinema. Kui aine oleks lõputult jagatav, peaks aine osakeste vahel olema tühjus ning osakesed ise oleksid lõpmata väikesed, mis ei ole võimalik. </p><p>Kuigi aatomid on füüsiliselt jagamatud, on nad matemaatiliselt jagatavad ja neil on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuju (pole veel kirjutatud)">kuju</a>. Leukippose järgi koosnevad kõik aatomid ühest ja samast ainest ning erinevad ainult kuju poolest. </p><p>Demokritose järgi erinevad aatomid peale kuju ka mõõtmete pooles. </p><p>Demokritose õpetuse võtsid osalt üle <a href="/wiki/Epikuurlased" class="mw-redirect" title="Epikuurlased">epikuurlased</a>. Seda esitab muu hulgas <a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a> oma poeemis "<a href="/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_naturae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De rerum naturae (pole veel kirjutatud)">De rerum naturae</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> atomistikat ei pooldanud. Seetõttu ei olnud atomistika antiikajal väga mõjukas ning vajus keskajal kristlikus maailmas (kuid mitte islamimaailmas) hoopis unustusse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uusaja_atomistika">Uusaja atomistika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Uusaja atomistika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Uusaja atomistika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atomistika juurde pöördusid tagasi 17. sajandi õpetlased <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Jungius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim Jungius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Joachim Jungius</a>. Aatomi mõistet kasutasid ka <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>. </p><p>Moodsale aatomiteooriale pani <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> aluse <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>. Daltoni järgi koosnevad kõik <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_element" title="Keemiline element">keemilised elemendid</a> aatomitest. Ühe ja sama elemendi aatomitel on sama <a href="/wiki/Kaal" title="Kaal">kaal</a>, samad <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5%C3%B5tmed" title="Mõõtmed">mõõtmed</a> ja sama kuju ning eri elementide aatomitel on erinev kaal, mõõtmed ja kuju. Aatomid ei ole jagatavad väiksemateks osadeks. Elementide aatomid ühinevad "liitaatomiteks" (<a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekulideks</a>). Edasine keemia areng lähtus nendest postulaatidest. Daltoni aatomiteooria seletas muuhulgas, miks elemendid osalevad <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_reaktsioon" title="Keemiline reaktsioon">keemilistes reaktsioonides</a> kindlates proportsioonides. Juba Dalton püüdis määrata aatomite massi, kuid esialgu ei õnnestunud seda õigesti teha muuseas sellepärast, et molekulide koostis polnud täpselt teada. </p><p>Aastal <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a> esitas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amadeo_Avogadro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amadeo Avogadro (pole veel kirjutatud)">Amadeo Avogadro</a> hüpoteesi, et ühe ja sama ruumalaga gaasid ühe ja sama rõhu juures sisaldavad ühepalju molekule. See aitas kaasa molekulide koostise ning aatomite ja molekulide massi õigele määramisele. </p><p>Esialgu käsitati aatomeid struktuurita kõvade keradena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aatomifüüsika"><span id="Aatomif.C3.BC.C3.BCsika"></span>Aatomifüüsika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomifüüsika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Aatomifüüsika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Aatomif%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Aatomifüüsika">Aatomifüüsika</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Aastatel 1833–1834 leidis <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Elektrolüüs">elektrolüüsi</a> uurides, et <a href="/wiki/Elektrivool" title="Elektrivool">elektrivoolu</a> <a href="/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus">lahustes</a> peavad põhjustama <a href="/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng">elektrilaenguga</a> aatomid ning peab eksisteerima vähim elektrilaeng (<a href="/wiki/Elementaarlaeng" title="Elementaarlaeng">elementaarlaeng</a>). Aastal <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> näitas <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas">gaasis</a> võivad esineda ühe ja sama negatiivse elektrilaenguga osakesed, ning oletas, et see ongi vähim elektrilaeng. Neid osakesi hakati nimetama <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronideks</a>. Aastal <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> näitas <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a>, et peavad eksisteerima ka positiivse elektrilaenguga osakesed. Neid hakati nimetama <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootoniteks</a>. </p><p>Pommitades aatomeid radioaktiivsetest ainetest pärinevate osakestega, leidis <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Alfaosake" title="Alfaosake">alfaosakesed</a> tungivad aatomi sisemusse ning aatomisisesed jõud kallutavad neid kõrvale. Ta mõõtis alfakiirguse kõrvalekaldumist õhukese ainekihi läbimisel ning jõudis <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> järeldusele, et aatomid peavad koosnema raskest positiivse elektrilaenguga tuumast, mida ümbritsevad kerged negatiivse elektrilaenguga elektronid (ainsad tollal tuntud negatiivse elektrilaengu kandjad), mis tiirlevad ümber tuuma sellest suhteliselt väga kaugel. Nõnda meenutab aatom <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ikeses%C3%BCsteem" title="Päikesesüsteem">Päikesesüsteemi</a>: aatomituum vastab <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päikesele</a> ja elektronid <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeetidele</a>. Aatomit hoiab koos elektriline külgetõmbejõud. See nn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutherfordi_aatomimudel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutherfordi aatomimudel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Rutherfordi aatomimudel</a> oli vastuolus <a href="/wiki/Elektrod%C3%BCnaamika" title="Elektrodünaamika">elektrodünaamikaga</a>, mille järgi kiirust või liikumissuunda muutev elektron peab emiteerima <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetkiirgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetkiirgus">elektromagnetkiirgust</a> ning sellega energiat ära andma, nii et elektron peab lõpuks langema tuumale. </p><p>Rutherfordi aatomimudelit modifitseeris <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bohri_aatomimudel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohri aatomimudel">Bohri aatomimudel</a>). Bohr võttis aluseks hüpoteesi, et aatomitel on statsionaarsed olekud ning elektrodünaamika ei ole nende puhul rakendatav. Elektronide ja aatomite stabiilsus tervikuna peab tulenema tundmatutest <a href="/wiki/Loodusseadus" title="Loodusseadus">loodusseadustest</a>. Bohri esimese postulaadi järgi saab aatom eksisteerida üksnes ühes või mitmes kindlas statsionaarses olekus. Igale olekule on iseloomulik teatud energianivoo. Bohri teise postulaadi järgi saab aatom üle minna ühelt energianivoolt teisele ning selle ülemineku käigus vabaneb aatomist või seotakse aatomiga <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energiahulk</a>, mis võrdub energianivoode <a href="/wiki/Vahe" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahe">vahega</a>. Energia vabaneb <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetkiirgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetkiirgus">elektromagnetkiirgusena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Footon" title="Footon">footonitena</a>; see toimub kindlate annustena (<a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvantidena</a>); sageduse määrab Einsteini sagedustingimus. Sel alusel õnnestus Bohril arvutada vesiniku spektrijoontele vastavad sagedused; seda peeti tema teooria tugevaks tõendiks. Bohri teooriat püüti rakendada ka teiste elementide aatomitele, kuid rakendatavaid tulemusi ei saadud. Küll aga õnnestus rahuldavalt seletada aatomite järjestust <a href="/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem">keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteemis</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>. aastal tekitas Rutherford maailmas esimesena kunstliku <a href="/wiki/Tuumareaktsioon" title="Tuumareaktsioon">tuumareaktsiooni</a>, pommitades <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4mmastik" title="Lämmastik">lämmastikku</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfaosake" title="Alfaosake">alfaosakestega</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutroni</a> avastas <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>. aastal <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a>. Alles siis jõuti <a href="/wiki/Aatomimudel" title="Aatomimudel">aatomimudelini</a>, mille järgi <a href="/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum">aatomituum</a> koosneb prootonitest ja <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronitest</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aatomimudel" title="Aatomimudel">Aatomimudel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Viited" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aatom&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Vikisõnastiku artikkel: <b><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/aatom" class="extiw" title="wikt:aatom">aatom</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6724296"><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aatom" class="extiw" title="q:Aatom">Aatom</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.videoneat.com/documentaries/1810/astronomy/how-small-is-the-universe-2012-bbc-horizon-watch-online">[1]</a> (<i>ingliskeelne dokumentaal</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQS6O2g26aY">[2]</a> (<i>Toomas Tamme loeng</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.lib.ttu.ee/i/?837">"Aatomi ehitus. Keemiline side. Õppevahend"</a>. digi.lib.ttu.ee</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aatom&oldid=6576333">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aatom&oldid=6576333</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Aatomif%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Kategooria:Aatomifüüsika">Aatomifüüsika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keemia" title="Kategooria:Keemia">Keemia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 13:48, 6. veebruar 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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