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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_regional_implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_regional_implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other regional implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_regional_implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other regional implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_regional_implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dual carriageway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC" title="طريق مزدوج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طريق مزدوج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95" title="দ্বিবিভক্ত মহাসড়ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিবিভক্ত মহাসড়ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autovia" title="Autovia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Autovia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rychlostn%C3%AD_komunikace" title="Rychlostní komunikace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rychlostní komunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobahn%C3%A4hnliche_Stra%C3%9Fe" title="Autobahnähnliche Straße – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autobahnähnliche Straße" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%8E%DE%AA" title="މާމަގު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މާމަގު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autovía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utov%C3%ADa" title="Utovía – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Utovía" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobia" title="Autobia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Autobia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="راه دوبانده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راه دوبانده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_rapide" title="Voie rapide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voie rapide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BBbele_rydbaan" title="Dûbele rydbaan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dûbele rydbaan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="द्विदिशा मार्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्विदिशा मार्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_terbagi" title="Jalan terbagi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalan terbagi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tv%C3%B6faldur_vegur" title="Tvöfaldur vegur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tvöfaldur vegur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstrada" title="Superstrada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Superstrada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barabara_Kuu" title="Barabara Kuu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Barabara Kuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_bicallis" title="Via bicallis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Via bicallis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atdal%C4%ABtu_joslu_ce%C4%BC%C5%A1" title="Atdalītu joslu ceļš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atdalītu joslu ceļš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstrada" title="Superstrada – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Superstrada" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyorsforgalmi_%C3%BAt" title="Gyorsforgalmi út – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyorsforgalmi út" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_raya_kembar" title="Jalan raya kembar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jalan raya kembar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expresweg" title="Expresweg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Expresweg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="スーペルストラーダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スーペルストラーダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81" title="دوہرا رستہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دوہرا رستہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_dwujezdniowa" title="Droga dwujezdniowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Droga dwujezdniowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_expressa" title="Via expressa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Via expressa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocaminu" title="Autocaminu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Autocaminu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dual carriageway" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDchlostn%C3%A1_komunik%C3%A1cia" title="Rýchlostná komunikácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rýchlostná komunikácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaksiajoratainen_tie" title="Kaksiajoratainen tie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaksiajoratainen tie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrf%C3%A4ltsv%C3%A4g" title="Fyrfältsväg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fyrfältsväg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of road</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Divided highway" redirects here. For the music album, see <a href="/wiki/Divided_Highway_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided Highway (album)">Divided Highway (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A63(T)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A63%28T%29_1.jpg/220px-A63%28T%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A63%28T%29_1.jpg/330px-A63%28T%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A63%28T%29_1.jpg/440px-A63%28T%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A typical British dual carriageway with central barrier on the <a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png/220px-Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png/330px-Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png/440px-Cassius_Ahenobarbus_Map_of_Latium.png 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Map by Cassius Ahenobarbus, zoomed in to show the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Portuensis" title="Via Portuensis">Via Portuensis</a></i>, with the dual carriageway splitting close to the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. This is a very early (perhaps the first) example of a dual carriageway.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/220px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/330px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/440px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A20_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A20 (Italy)">Autostrada A20</a> runs through the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> linking <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_(looking_east).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG/220px-IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG/330px-IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG/440px-IMG_2238_-_Clara_Barton_Pkwy_at_NSWC_%28looking_east%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton_Parkway" title="Clara Barton Parkway">Clara Barton Parkway</a> outside Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_highway_in_Calahonda,_Spain_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg/220px-The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg/330px-The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg/440px-The_highway_in_Calahonda%2C_Spain_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barriers</a> may be used to separate the carriageways where the space is narrow. See this example near <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, Spain. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">bus stop</a> in the bottom-right corner of the picture; it would not exist in a <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>dual carriageway</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BrE</a>) or a <b>divided highway</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AmE</a>) is a class of highway with <a href="/wiki/Carriageway" title="Carriageway">carriageways</a> for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with controlled access are generally classed as <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorways</a>, freeways, etc., rather than dual carriageways. </p><p>A road without a central reservation is known as a <a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">single carriageway</a> regardless of how many lanes there are. Dual carriageways have improved <a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">road traffic safety</a> over the years and over single carriageways and typically have higher <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limits</a> as a result. In some places, express lanes and local or collector lanes are used within a <a href="/wiki/Local-express_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Local-express lanes">local-express-lane system</a> to provide more capacity and to smooth out traffic flows for longer-distance travel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A very early (perhaps the first) example of a dual carriageway was the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Portuensis" title="Via Portuensis">Via Portuensis</a></i>, built in the first century by the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> between Rome and its harbor of <i><a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">Portus</a></i>. The route between the city and the port experienced a great deal of commercial and pedestrian traffic, as Portus served as the primary avenue for the grain shipments of the <a href="/wiki/Cura_annonae" title="Cura annonae"><i>Cura Annonae</i></a> into Rome, as well as transporting the majority of goods imported from across the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean world</a>. This influx of road activity necessitated the construction of a dual thoroughfare as the road approached the <a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese"><i>Porta Portese</i></a>, the corresponding gate in the <a href="/wiki/Aurelian_Walls" title="Aurelian Walls">Aurelian Walls</a> of Rome for the <i>Via Portuensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One claim for the first divided highway in the United States was Savery Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Carver,_Massachusetts" title="Carver, Massachusetts">Carver, Massachusetts</a>, first built in 1860, where the two roadways were separated by a narrow strip of trees down the middle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907 the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Motor_Parkway" title="Long Island Motor Parkway">Long Island Motor Parkway</a> opened, and roughly 20% of it featured a semi-dual-carriageway design. The New York City <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a> system, which was built between 1907 and 1934, also pioneered the same design. However the majority of it featured concrete or brick railings as lane dividers instead of grass medians. </p><p>In the year of 1924 the first Italian <i><a href="/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy" title="Autostrade of Italy">autostrada</a></i> was opened running 55 km (34 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Varese" title="Varese">Varese</a>. It featured a broad road bed and did not feature lane dividers except near cities and through the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The London end of the <a href="/wiki/A4_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 road (Great Britain)">Great West Road</a> became Britain's first dual carriageway when it was opened in 1925 by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927 the Rome bypass was opened. It ran 92 km (57 mi) bypassing Rome to the east. Almost the entire length featured a dual-carriageway design. In the early 1930s, it was extended southward all the way to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and northward to Florence. Most of the original routing was destroyed by the Allies in World War II. </p><p>By 1930 several US and European cities had built dual-carriageway highways, mostly to control traffic jams and/or to provide bypass routes for traffic. </p><p>In 1932 the first German <i><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">autobahn</a></i> opened between Cologne and Bonn. It ran 21 km (13 mi) and became a precedent for future highways. Although it, like the first <i>autostrada</i>, did not feature a dual-carriageway design, it inspired the mass construction of future high-speed roadways. </p><p>During the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">the Soviet Union</a> began construction of a network of dual carriageway expressways. By 1942, Germany had over 3,200 km (2,000 mi) of dual carriageway roads, Italy had nearly 1,300 km (810 mi), and the Soviet Union had 400 km (250 mi). </p><p>What may have been the world's first long-distance intercity dual carriageway/freeway was the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> in Canada, initially linking the large cities of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a> together by 1939, with construction on this stretch of the present-day Queen Elizabeth Way beginning in 1936 as "Middle Road". It was gradually upgraded to a freeway from the 1950s to 1970s. </p><p>Opened to traffic in 1940, the 160-mile-long (260 km) <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> was the first rural dual carriageway built in the United States. By 1955 several states had built dual carriageway freeways and turnpikes and in 1957 the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> began. Completed in 1994, the major highway system links all the major cities of the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_implementations">European implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uk_carriageway_guide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Uk_carriageway_guide.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="470" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of types of road in the UK</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, although the term "dual carriageway" applies to any road with physically separated lanes, it is frequently used as a descriptive term for <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">major routes</a> built in this style. Such major dual carriageways usually have two lanes of traffic in each direction, with the lane nearest the centre being reserved for overtaking.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally dual carriageways have only one lane in each direction, or more than two lanes each way (sometimes to permit easier overtaking of slower uphill traffic). Different speed limits apply on dual carriageway sections from those that apply on <a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">single carriageway</a> sections of the same class of road, except in cities and built-up areas where the dual carriageway is more of a safety measure. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_(11th_June_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg/170px-Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg/255px-Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg/340px-Dual_carriageway_sign_on_North_Parkway_%2811th_June_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Sign informing motorists of an upcoming section of dual carriageway in <a href="/wiki/Seacroft" title="Seacroft">Seacroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When first constructed, many dual carriageways—including the first motorways—had no crash- or other barriers in the central reservation. In the event of congestion, or if a driver missed their exit, some drivers made U-turns onto the opposite carriageway; many accidents were caused as a result of their misjudging the speed of approaching traffic on the other carriageway when doing so. </p><p>The majority of dual carriageway roads now have barriers. Some are heavy concrete obstructions which can bounce a vehicle back into the path of other traffic; others are made from steel ropes mounted on moderately weak posts, where the rope cuts into the vehicle body to slow the vehicle while keeping it against the barrier until it has stopped. Often on urban dual carriageways where the road has been converted from a four-lane single carriageway the central reservation will not be substantial: often just a small steel divider to save space. </p><p>Turning right (that is, across the line of traffic heading in the opposite direction) is usually permitted only at specific locations. Often the driver will be required to turn left (away from the dual carriageway) in order to loop around to an access road that permits crossing the major road. <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">Roundabouts</a> on dual carriageways are relatively common, especially in cities or where the cost of a grade-separated junction would be prohibitive. Where space is even more limited, intersections may be controlled by traffic lights. Smaller residential roads adjoining urban dual carriageways may be blocked off at one end to limit the number of junctions on the dual carriageway; often other roads will pass over or under the dual carriageway without an intersection. </p><p>A dual carriageway with grade-separated junctions and which meets other requirements may be upgraded to <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> standard, denoted by an <i>(M)</i> added after the road number (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1(M)</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/A38(M)" class="mw-redirect" title="A38(M)">A38(M)</a>"). Unlike in Ireland, there was no official terminology for 'high-quality dual carriageways' until April 2015, when in England a new standard was set to designate certain high-quality routes formally as "Expressways".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many roads such as the <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A14_road_(England)" title="A14 road (England)">A14</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A19_road" title="A19 road">A19</a> and the <a href="/wiki/A42_road_(England)" title="A42 road (England)">A42</a> are built to a high quality, with grade-separated junctions, full barriers at roadside and central reservations and, in some cases, three lanes of traffic. They may still fall short of motorway standard in terms of hard shoulders, the height of overpasses or the quality of intersecting junctions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Speed_limits">Speed limits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Speed limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_by_country" title="Speed limits by country">national speed limit</a> applies on dual carriageways (unless it is in a '<a href="/wiki/Built-up_area_(Highway_Code)" title="Built-up area (Highway Code)">built-up area</a>', or a lower limit is posted), which is as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>National speed limits on dual carriageways in the UK<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type of vehicle</th> <th>Speed limit </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">Car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> or a car-based <a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">van</a> up to 2 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a></td> <td style="background:#fcc;">70 mph (113 km/h) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Car with <a href="/wiki/Travel_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel trailer">caravan</a> or trailer</td> <td style="background:#ffc;">60 mph (97 km/h) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coach</a> up to 12 m long</td> <td style="background:#ffc;">60 mph (97 km/h) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goods vehicle up to 7.5 t</td> <td style="background:#ffc;">60 mph (97 km/h) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Goods vehicle over 7.5 t</td> <td style="background:#cfc;">60 mph (97 km/h) (England and Wales)<br />50 mph (80 km/h) (Scotland and Northern Ireland) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A dual carriageway in a built up area will have a statutory speed limit of 30 mph (48 km/h) unless otherwise sign-posted. It is common for such urban dual carriageways to have an increased speed limit of 40 mph (64 km/h). A road deemed to be in a built up area is indicated by the presence of street lights; on lit dual carriageways that are not considered to be in a built-up area, the speed limit will be clarified with intermittent signs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg/220px-N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg/330px-N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg/440px-N11_road_south_of_Newtownmountkennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A typical modern Irish dual carriageway (opened 2004) along the <a href="/wiki/N11_road_(Ireland)" title="N11 road (Ireland)">N11</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Newtownmountkennedy" title="Newtownmountkennedy">Newtownmountkennedy</a>. On motorways, the yellow hard shoulder markings are unbroken.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N4_Dromad-Roosky_(bright_enhance_filter).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg/220px-N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg/330px-N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg/440px-N4_Dromad-Roosky_%28bright_enhance_filter%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>An example of a 2+2 dual-carriageway in Ireland. This type is similar to many found in the UK.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although in Ireland the term dual carriageway technically applies to any road with physically separated lanes, it is usually used only to refer to those route sections that do not have a <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> designation. Most often it is <i>national roads</i> (roads with a route number prefix of <i>N</i>; e.g. <a href="/wiki/N8_road_(Ireland)" title="N8 road (Ireland)">N8</a>) that are built as or upgraded to dual carriageway. A number of non-national roads (for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Regional_road_(Ireland)" title="Regional road (Ireland)">regional roads</a></i>) are dual carriageway, for example in urban areas near or in cities, or where the road was part of a national route. </p><p>Dual carriageways of this class differ from motorways in a number of ways. The hard shoulder is demarcated with a dashed yellow line (as opposed to an unbroken yellow line on motorways). The standard speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph) for national routes usually applies (by default the limit is 80 km/h (50 mph) for non-national roads, even if dual carriageway). Local authorities have the power to apply a limit of up to 120 km/h (75 mph) as used on most motorways (The <a href="/wiki/High_Quality_Dual_Carriageway" class="mw-redirect" title="High Quality Dual Carriageway">High Quality Dual Carriageway</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway_(Republic_of_Ireland)" title="M1 motorway (Republic of Ireland)">N1</a> between the end of the M1 and the border with <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the N25/N22 Ballincollig Bypass in Cork are the only route sections with such special limits). </p><p>Traffic lights and junctions are permitted at grade on dual carriageways. For older sections of dual carriageway, this has resulted in fewer flyover junctions. Newer dual carriageway sections are usually near motorway standard, with grade-separated junctions, but may not be designated as motorways due to the need to preserve access to adjoining property or to the absence of a non-motorway alternative route. Also, dual carriageways that are not motorway classified do not need to be equipped with emergency phones. </p><p>Motorway restrictions only apply to motorway sections, rather than all dual carriageway sections of national roads (these are signposted with the <i>N</i> prefix on the route number, rather than <i>M</i>). Some <i><a href="/wiki/National_secondary_road" title="National secondary road">national secondary roads</a></i>, and <i>regional roads</i> in particular often have houses, schools and other developments fronting on to them. Less important <i><a href="/wiki/National_primary_road" title="National primary road">national primary roads</a></i>, and older sections not yet upgraded may also feature such developments built before the introduction the Irish Planning system in 1964. Today Irish planning policy prohibits such development on National Primary or National Secondary roads where the speed limit exceeds 60 km/h (37 mph). </p><p>This policy results from concerns expressed by the National Roads Authority. A <a href="/wiki/Local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authority">local authority</a> is not obliged to implement this policy and can disregard this policy at its own discretion. This would usually only occur in exceptional circumstances or where planners are overruled by elected councillors using section 140 of the Local Government Act 2001. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/Hard_shoulder" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard shoulder">hard shoulders</a> are included wherever feasible to provide for the resulting pedestrian and cyclist traffic, and are present on much of the national route network. These hard shoulders may also be used as running lanes by motorised traffic under certain conditions. </p><p>Until 2005, many motorways and dual carriageways in Ireland did not have crash barriers in the central reservation, the policy being to use a wider median instead. Crash barriers are now mandatory for such routes, and wire cabling or full crash barriers (depending on whether or not the route is a motorway, and median width) have been fitted to existing routes. </p><p>Between 2000 and 2010, three major types of dual carriageway were built on national road schemes in Ireland: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Quality_Dual_Carriageway" class="mw-redirect" title="High Quality Dual Carriageway">High Quality Dual Carriageways</a> (HQDC) – these were built mainly on the major inter-urban routes, to full <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> standard but without motorway regulations. The Roads Act, 2007 allows for these roads to be redesignated as motorways by ministerial order. Many of the sections of HQDC on the major inter-urban routes have been redesignated as motorways and full motorway regulations were applied when the redesignations came into effect.</li> <li>Standard dual carriageway of the traditional type was mainly used for schemes on the <a href="/wiki/N11_road_(Ireland)" title="N11 road (Ireland)">N11 road</a>, the <a href="/wiki/N18_road_(Ireland)" title="N18 road (Ireland)">N18 road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/N25_road" class="mw-redirect" title="N25 road">N25 road</a>. Plans for this type of dual carriageway on the <a href="/wiki/N20_road_(Ireland)" title="N20 road (Ireland)">N20 road</a> have been superseded by newer plans to build a motorway, the M20, to replace most of this route. Traditionally this type of dual-carriageway had a mixture of at grade junctions (including <a href="/wiki/Roundabouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundabouts">roundabouts</a>), grade separated junctions, and median crossings. Nowadays they are similar to HQDCs, but minor at grade exits—generally left turn only—are allowed and the design speed (by Irish standards) is only 100 km/h. Median crossings and roundabouts are no longer generally found on these schemes. An example of a standard dual carriageway scheme, opened in 2006, is the <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a> bypass although this road has grade separated junctions and no median crossings. This route was upgraded to motorway status in 2009.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_road" title="2+2 road">2+2 roads</a>—officially these roads are designated as <i>Type 2</i> dual carriageways by the <a href="/wiki/National_Roads_Authority" title="National Roads Authority">National Roads Authority</a> (NRA). They were created by widening existing roads or building new roads, and have two lanes in each direction with a steel <a href="/wiki/Cable_barrier" title="Cable barrier">cable barrier</a> in the middle but no hard shoulder. Most junctions are <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">at-grade</a>. With the exception of the restricted median width and the lack of lay-bys, this type of dual carriageway is similar to many dual carriageways found in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">the UK</a>. The first 2+2 scheme was the N4 <a href="/wiki/Dromod" title="Dromod">Dromod</a> <a href="/wiki/Roosky" title="Roosky">Roosky</a> bypass, opened on 7 December 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road" title="2+1 road">2+1 roads</a>—officially these roads are designated as <i>Type 3</i> dual carriageways by the NRA. They have two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres, and usually separated with a steel cable barrier. Sections of 2+1 road were built on the N20 and the <a href="/wiki/N2_road_(Ireland)" title="N2 road (Ireland)">N2</a>. In July 2007, the NRA announced that it would no longer build 2+1 roads and 2+2 roads were built instead.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg/220px-Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg/330px-Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg/440px-Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6_Harlingerode_Westblick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>B6 near <a href="/wiki/Harlingerode" title="Harlingerode">Harlingerode</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Germany the term <i>Autobahnähnliche Straße</i> (motorway-like road) refers to roads that are similar to German <a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">autobahn</a> in grade-separation and signage. Most of them are designated as <i>Kraftfahrstraßen</i> (expressways), which means that the roads allow higher speed traffic than is common on other roads. This in turn requires them to have dual carriageways in most cases. An exception is the <a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road#Germany" title="2+1 road">2+1 road system</a> in some rural areas; these roads are also referred to as expressways. </p><p><i>Autobahnähnliche Straßen</i> mostly are colloquially referred to as <i>gelbe Autobahn</i> (yellow motorway) because they have the same technical standard as the <i><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a></i> but have black on yellow signs instead of the white on blue signs used on the <i>Autobahn</i> motorway network. These are generally high-speed arterial roads in larger cities or important roads within a federal state that do not connect to major cities, so that they do not fall under the federal budget for the <i>Autobahn</i> network. The federal road <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_27" title="Bundesstraße 27">Bundesstraße 27</a> is an example where about half of its length is upgraded to a high speed motorway standard. On the basis of their structure these roads have, comparable to the German <i>autobahn</i>, the legal foundation that no default speed limit exists (design speed 130 km/h), although the standard advisory speed limit (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Richtgeschwindigkeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Richtgeschwindigkeit">Richtgeschwindigkeit</a></i>) still exists. Nevertheless, expressways are often given speed limit signs. </p> <div style="float:right"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn,_StVO_1980.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg/70px-Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg/105px-Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg/140px-Zeichen_333_-_Pfeilschild_-_Ausfahrt_von_der_Autobahn%2C_StVO_1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3161" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen,_StVO_1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/70px-Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/105px-Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/140px-Zeichen_333-21_-_Ausfahrt_von_anderen_Stra%C3%9Fen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen,_StVO_1992.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/70px-Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/105px-Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg/140px-Zeichen_333-22_-_Ausfahrt_nach_inner%C3%B6rtlichen_Zielen%2C_StVO_1992.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><br /> <i>Exit signs.</i> </p> </div> <p>At the moment some (blue) motorways have been taken out of the <i>Autobahn</i> network programme but still have the blue signs (e. g. the <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_59" title="Bundesstraße 59">B 59</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_540" title="Bundesautobahn 540">A 540</a> near <a href="/wiki/Grevenbroich" title="Grevenbroich">Grevenbroich</a>); and on the other hand some former non-<i>Autobahn</i> (yellow) motorways have been added to <i>Autobahn</i> budgeting but the signs have not been changed either (e. g. parts of the <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_6" title="Bundesstraße 6">B 6</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_36" title="Bundesautobahn 36">A 36</a> in the north of the <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">Harz</a> highland area in Saxony-Anhalt). Motorways that are neither in the <i>autobahn</i> network nor in the <i>Bundesstraße</i> network are given black on white signs, following the same sign code as high-speed dual carriageways—this is mostly seen on urban trunk roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">Roads in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG/220px-Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG/330px-Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG/440px-Via_aurelia_presso_livorno_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The stretch from <a href="/wiki/Grosseto" title="Grosseto">Grosseto</a> to <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Strada_statale_1_Via_Aurelia" title="Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia">Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia</a> is classified as <i>strada extraurbana principale</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg/220px-Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg/330px-Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg/440px-Rom_2011-08-by-RaBoe-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1111" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Via_Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Via Cristoforo Colombo">Via Cristoforo Colombo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Porta_Ardeatina" title="Porta Ardeatina">Porta Ardeatina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, classified as <i>strada urbana di scorrimento</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Italian Highway Code (<i>Codice della strada</i>) divides dual carriageways into three different classifications:<sup id="cite_ref-aci_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aci-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>strada extraurbana principale</i> (meaning <i>main highway</i>) or <i>type-B road</i>: a road with separate carriageways, at least two lanes for each direction, paved shoulder on the right and no cross-traffic. This type of road is quite similar to an <i><a href="/wiki/Autostrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada">autostrada</a></i> or <i>type-A road</i> (Italian official name for <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorways</a> or <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a>), but its building standards are lower. Access limitations and drive behaviour on type-B roads are the same as the motorways (no pedestrians, bicycles and other slow vehicles), as well as the signage (except for the background color, that is blue instead of green). Speed limits on type-B roads are up to 110 km/h (70 mph). Type-B roads are always toll-free.</li> <li><i>strada extraurbana secondaria</i> (meaning <i>secondary road</i>) or <i>type-C road</i>. This category contains all the roads in non-urban context that are neither <i>autostrada</i> (type A) nor <i>strada extraurbana principale</i> (type B). This means that a dual carriageway that may not be classified as type-B road, since it does not meet such quality standards, belongs to this category. For type-C roads, there are neither special signage nor access restrictions, unless a specific sign is placed. The speed limit is 90 km/h (55 mph), on both single and dual carriageways.</li> <li><i>strada urbana di scorrimento</i> (meaning <i>urban expressway</i>) or <i>type-D road</i>: a road in urban context, with separate carriageways, and at least two lanes for each direction. At-level junctions with smaller roads, regulated by traffic lights, are allowed as well as <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">roundabouts</a>. Unless a prohibition sign is placed, there are not access restrictions. Speed limits on this type of road are up to 70 km/h (45 mph).</li></ul> <p>Italian type-B and type-C roads do not follow a specific numbering criterion. They may be numbered as <a href="/wiki/State_highways_(Italy)" title="State highways (Italy)">Strade Statali</a> (SS; "state roads"), <a href="/wiki/Regional_road_(Italy)" title="Regional road (Italy)">Strade Regionali</a> (SR; "regional roads"), <a href="/wiki/Provincial_road_(Italy)" title="Provincial road (Italy)">Strade Provinciali</a> (SP; "provincial roads") or <a href="/wiki/Strada_Comunale" class="mw-redirect" title="Strada Comunale">Strade Comunali</a> (SC; "municipal roads"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A5_Navalcarnero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A5_Navalcarnero.jpg/220px-A5_Navalcarnero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A5_Navalcarnero.jpg/330px-A5_Navalcarnero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/A5_Navalcarnero.jpg/440px-A5_Navalcarnero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_del_Suroeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Autovía del Suroeste">autovía A-5</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. It is just a duplication of the old National Road 5.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">Autovía</a></div> <p>The Spanish word for dual carriageway is <i>autovía</i> (literally <i>autoway</i>). All of them are government-owned and not tolled. </p><p>First-generation autovías, built in the 1980s and early 1990s, were just duplications in parallel of existing roads, as shown in the photograph. Modern autovías are two carriageways built from scratch, leaving the old road they replace as an alternative route for pedestrians, bicycles and other non-motorized vehicles. </p><p>Private properties may have direct access to an autovía, as well as <a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">bus stops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gas_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas station">gas stations</a> in the hard shoulders. A <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled-access highway</a> (motorway) in Spain is referred to as <i>autopista</i> (literally <i>autotrack</i>). They may be operated by private companies and be tolled. The two major accesses to Spain from France, <a href="/wiki/Autopista_AP-7" title="Autopista AP-7">AP-7</a> into <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/AP-8" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-8">AP-8</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, are autopistas. In comparison, the prime road between Spain and Portugal is the photographed <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-5" title="Autovía A-5">autovía A-5</a>. In both autopistas and autovías, the generic <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limit</a> is 120 km/h (75 mph), minimum speed is 60 km/h (37 mph), driving backwards is strictly prohibited, and they shall not have at-grade junctions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dual carriageways or expressways in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (Croatian: <i lang="hr">brza cesta</i>) are non-<a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">tolled</a> roads with 2 or more lanes in each direction, but without <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">emergency lanes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Croatia#Motorways" title="Highways in Croatia">main motorways in Croatia</a> are also dual carriageways, but they have emergency lanes and tolls. </p><p>Many bypasses and beltways of smaller cities in Croatia have been recently constructed or planned as dual carriageways. All dual carriageways in Croatia house a central median, usually fitted with guardrails. </p><p>The most heavily used expressways in Croatia is the <a href="/wiki/D10_road_(Croatia)" title="D10 road (Croatia)">D10 road</a>, connecting capital <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vrbovec" title="Vrbovec">Vrbovec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEevci" title="Križevci">Križevci</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Croatia#List_of_expressways" title="Highways in Croatia">Highways in Croatia § List of expressways</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_regional_implementations">Other regional implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other regional implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Route_52_Lafayette.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/US_Route_52_Lafayette.png/220px-US_Route_52_Lafayette.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/US_Route_52_Lafayette.png/330px-US_Route_52_Lafayette.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/US_Route_52_Lafayette.png/440px-US_Route_52_Lafayette.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A divided highway (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_52_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 52 in Indiana">U.S. Route 52</a>) in the state of Indiana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savery_Avenue,_Carver_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg/220px-Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg/330px-Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg/440px-Savery_Avenue%2C_Carver_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Savery Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Carver,_Massachusetts" title="Carver, Massachusetts">Carver, Massachusetts</a> was the first divided highway in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, this type of road may be called a divided highway, boulevard, parkway, expressway, freeway, or interstate, and has a grassy median or <a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a> separating the traffic directions. With few exceptions, all roads in the federally funded <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> are fully controlled access divided highways known as <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a>. A broader definition, <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">expressways</a>, includes both freeways and partial limited-access divided highways, and "expressway" is often used specifically to refer to the latter. </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">United States Numbered Highways</a>, state highways and other locally maintained highways may also be divided. <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_States" title="Speed limits in the United States">Speed limits</a> on rural <a href="/wiki/Divided_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided highway">divided highways</a> range from 65 to 75 miles per hour (105 to 121 km/h), with some portions as high as 80 miles per hour (130 km/h). One privately run toll road in Texas, SH 130, has the highest speed limit in the United States at 85 miles per hour (137 km/h). Urban divided highways which are <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">at grade</a> and typically have much lower speed limits are sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Boulevard#United_States_and_Canada" title="Boulevard">boulevards</a>. </p><p>In keeping with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a></i> (MUTCD), since the early 1970s all divided highways are striped by color to show the direction of traffic flow. Two-way undivided roads have an amber center line, with a broken line indicating passing zones and a solid line indicating no passing zones and solid white baseline shoulder stripes. </p><p>On undivided roads with more than one lane in each direction, the center is normally marked with a double solid line. The double solid stripe denotes that it is illegal to <a href="/wiki/Overtaking" title="Overtaking">pass</a> on the other side of the center line. Multilane one-way carriageways use broken white lines between lanes; the median-side baseline is solid amber, and the right sideline is solid white. </p><p>Frequently in the U.S. the two carriageways are separated by some distance (wide medians with small forests or even hills in them), but drivers can always tell whether the roadway is two-way or one-way—and, if one-way, the direction in which the traffic flows—by looking at the striping coloration. For an example, see inset showing <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_52" title="U.S. Route 52">U.S. Route 52</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">Lafayette, Indiana</a>. </p><p>Some divided highways have been turned into undivided highways by widening the lanes of an existing road (for example US Highway 33 between <a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goshen,_Indiana" title="Goshen, Indiana">Goshen</a> in northern Indiana). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highway_401.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Highway_401.png/170px-Highway_401.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Highway_401.png/255px-Highway_401.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Highway_401.png/340px-Highway_401.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401" title="Ontario Highway 401">Highway 401</a>, in Ontario, Canada, uses a divided highway, <a href="/wiki/Local-express_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Local-express lanes">collector / express system</a> to separate local traffic from longer-distance travellers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like other countries, there are several types of divided highways; fully controlled-access divided routes with interchanges (commonly known as "freeways" in the United States, Australia, and regionally within Canada), <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">expressways</a> that often include a mix of interchanges and traffic signals, and divided arterial roads that are almost entirely stop-controlled. <i>Unlike</i> some other countries, divided dual carriageways in Canada are seldom equipped with <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circles</a>, roundabouts, or rotaries as alternatives to stoplights. </p><p>In Canada, the term "divided highway" is used for this type of road, and the segment between the roadways is referred to as a "median". There may be gaps in the median strip of a partially controlled-access road to allow turning and crossing. More informally, a divided highway may be referred to as "twinned". This stems from the practice of "twinning" an existing two-lane highway and converting it into a divided highway. Such highways in southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and parts of Atlantic Canada usually feature full controlled-access with interchanges where robust federal and provincial funding has made such freeways possible. However, due to a lack of funding elsewhere, partial controlled-access "expressways" and limited-mobility divided arterial roads are more common in the western provinces where there are no specially numbered systems of freeways. </p><p>On some portions of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>'s <a href="/wiki/400-series_highways_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="400-series highways (Ontario)">400-series highway</a> network, the median may be either steel <a href="/wiki/Guardrail" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardrail">guardrail</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Ontario tall-wall</a> barrier rather than an unpaved strip, particularly in urban areas. </p><p>Some partial limited-access divided highways such as the <a href="/wiki/Hanlon_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanlon Parkway">Hanlon Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Creek_Drive" title="Black Creek Drive">Black Creek Drive</a> have stop-controlled <a href="/wiki/At-grade_intersection" class="mw-redirect" title="At-grade intersection">at-grade intersections</a> and private entrances, but have sufficient right-of-way to convert them to full freeways with interchanges if traffic warrants. There are also <a href="/wiki/Right-in/right-out" title="Right-in/right-out">RIRO expressways</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_11" title="Ontario Highway 11">Highway 11</a> and a portion of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_35" title="Ontario Highway 35">Highway 35</a>, which are not full freeways since they allow access to existing properties, but traffic speeds are faster than regular roads due to a median barrier preventing left turns (motorists have to use a <a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(road)#Non-junctions" title="Turnaround (road)">"turnabout"</a> overpass to access exits on the opposing direction).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_Canada" title="Speed limits in Canada">Speed limits in Canada</a> are usually 80 to 90 km/h on signalized divided highways and 100 to 120 km/h on freeways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg/220px-Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg/330px-Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg/440px-Eastern_Freeway_Belford_St.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Freeway, Melbourne">Eastern Freeway</a>, a typical dual carriageway in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia, dual carriageways are referred to in some regions as divided roads, though there is no official terminology. Each state's road agency has its own definition of what constitutes a 'motorway/freeway' standard divided road. Most states only declare a divided road as a 'motorway' or 'freeway' if access is completely <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">controlled</a>. Speed limits are usually 100 km/h or 110 km/h. </p><p><a href="/wiki/VicRoads" title="VicRoads">VicRoads</a>, the agency responsible for highways in the state of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria</a>, has often declared rural <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">limited-access</a> dual carriageways as freeways.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, VicRoads applies the <b>M</b> designation to these roads in alpha-numeric route numbers, where most other states will only do so if access is completely controlled. </p><p>Dual carriageways exist in and around the major capital cities however there are currently several road projects under construction have now been completed, creating roughly 2,000 kilometres of continuous dual carriageway from <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> in Victoria to <a href="/wiki/Curra" class="mw-redirect" title="Curra">Curra</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_East_Queensland" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a> except for one 14 kilometre section of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Highway,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Highway, Australia">Pacific Highway</a> through <a href="/wiki/Coffs_Harbour" title="Coffs Harbour">Coffs Harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2013, it has been possible to drive between Australia's two largest cities (<a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>) on a continuous dual carriageway. When it was completed, the <a href="/wiki/Hume_Highway" title="Hume Highway">Hume Highway</a> duplication became the first major interstate duplicated motorway.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021,_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg/220px-Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg/330px-Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg/440px-Rodovias_duplicadas_do_Brasil_no_ano_de_2021%2C_assinaladas_em_vermelho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="3142" /></a><figcaption>Road system in Brazil, with divided highways highlighted in red.</figcaption></figure> <p>The country has about 17,000 km (10,563 mi) of divided highways, 6,300 km (3,915 mi) only in the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">State of São Paulo</a>. Currently it's possible to travel from <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a>, in the extreme south of the country, to <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a> (2,580 km (1,603 mi)) or <a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu,_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro">Casimiro de Abreu</a>, in the state of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a> (2,045 km (1,271 mi)), only on divided highways. </p><p>The first highway to be transformed into a divided highway in Brazil was <a href="/wiki/Rodovia_Presidente_Dutra" title="Rodovia Presidente Dutra">Rodovia Presidente Dutra</a>, which is part of <a href="/wiki/BR-116" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-116">BR-116</a>. In the stretch between the 2 largest cities in the country, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, the highway was duplicated in 1967. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ViaDutra.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="BR-116 in the state of São Paulo"><img alt="BR-116 in the state of São Paulo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ViaDutra.JPG/240px-ViaDutra.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ViaDutra.JPG/360px-ViaDutra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ViaDutra.JPG/480px-ViaDutra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BR-116" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-116">BR-116</a> in the state of São Paulo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_(geometria).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BR-101 in the state of Santa Catarina"><img alt="BR-101 in the state of Santa Catarina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg/240px-Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg/360px-Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg/480px-Santa_Catarina_-_BR-101_%28geometria%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1875" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BR-101" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-101">BR-101</a> in the state of Santa Catarina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Divisa_SP-MG,_BR-381_(Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BR-381 in the state of Minas Gerais"><img alt="BR-381 in the state of Minas Gerais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg/240px-Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg/360px-Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg/480px-Divisa_SP-MG%2C_BR-381_%28Rodovia_Fern%C3%A3o_Dias%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BR-381" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-381">BR-381</a> in the state of Minas Gerais</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BR050.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BR-050 in the state of São Paulo"><img alt="BR-050 in the state of São Paulo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BR050.jpg/240px-BR050.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BR050.jpg/360px-BR050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BR050.jpg/480px-BR050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BR-050" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-050">BR-050</a> in the state of São Paulo</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg/170px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg/255px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg/340px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Argentina_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="2143" /></a><figcaption>Duplicate Highways of Argentina, in red</figcaption></figure> <p>Argentina has approximately 2,800 km of divided highways. It's 50 km on the <a href="/wiki/National_Route_1_(Argentina)" title="National Route 1 (Argentina)">Ruta 1</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> to <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>; 157 km on <a href="/wiki/National_Route_3_(Argentina)" title="National Route 3 (Argentina)">Ruta 3</a>, between Buenos Aires/<a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_del_Monte" title="San Miguel del Monte">San Miguel del Monte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Madryn" title="Puerto Madryn">Puerto Madryn</a>/<a href="/wiki/Trelew" title="Trelew">Trelew</a>; 485 km on the <a href="/wiki/National_Route_7_(Argentina)" title="National Route 7 (Argentina)">Ruta 7</a>, which connects Buenos Aires to <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>; 700 km on <a href="/wiki/National_Route_9_(Argentina)" title="National Route 9 (Argentina)">Ruta 9</a>, which connects Buenos Aires, <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a>; and 589 km on the <a href="/wiki/National_Route_14_(Argentina)" title="National Route 14 (Argentina)">Ruta 14</a>, which connects Buenos Aires to <a href="/wiki/Paso_de_los_Libres" title="Paso de los Libres">Paso de los Libres</a>, on the border with Brazil. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruta 9 / 14, in Zarate"><img alt="Ruta 9 / 14, in Zarate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/240px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/361px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg/481px-Ruta_Nacional_9_en_Z%C3%A1rate_hacia_el_noroeste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2134" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruta 9 / 14, in Zarate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruta 1 in Buenos Aires"><img alt="Ruta 1 in Buenos Aires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg/330px-1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg/495px-1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg/660px-1_au_la_plata_bs_as.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruta 1 in Buenos Aires</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg/170px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg/255px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg/340px-Carreteras_Duplas_de_Chile_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1782" /></a><figcaption>Duplicate Highways of Chile, in red</figcaption></figure> <p>Chile's main route is <a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_5" title="Chile Route 5">Route 5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Highway" title="Pan-American Highway">Pan-American Highway</a>). From <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a> to <a href="/wiki/Caldera,_Chile" title="Caldera, Chile">Caldera</a> (1,900 kilometres or 1,200 miles) it's a divided highway. Chile doesn't just expand the highway after the city of Caldera because in this part of the country, it enters the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a>, where there is low traffic of vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/Chile_Route_68" title="Chile Route 68">Route 68</a>, (110 kilometres or 68 miles) connecting <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> to <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, is also a divided highway. In 2020, Chile had 3,347 km (2,080 mi) of duplicated highways, the second largest network in South America, after Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruta 5 in Santiago"><img alt="Ruta 5 in Santiago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg/240px-Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg/359px-Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg/479px-Santiago_landscape_Metro_and_Panamericana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="770" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruta 5 in Santiago</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruta 68 going to Valparaiso"><img alt="Ruta 68 going to Valparaiso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/304px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/455px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg/607px-Chile_Route_68_Northbound_At_Route_60.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4452" data-file-height="2643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruta 68 going to Valparaiso</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best examples of dual carriageways in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> can be seen on the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Highway">China National Highways</a>. On some routes, such as <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_106" title="China National Highway 106">China National Highway 106</a>, there is a central reservation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Highways in Thailand are <a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">single carriageways</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Hard_shoulder" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard shoulder">hard shoulder</a>. Dual carriageways have frequent <a href="/wiki/U-turn" title="U-turn">u-turn</a> lanes and intersections slowing down traffic. Coupled with the increase in the number of vehicles and the demand for a limited-access <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a>, the Thai Government issued a Cabinet resolution in 1997 detailing the motorway construction master plan.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some upgraded sections of highway are being turned into a "motorway", while other motorways are not being built from highway sections. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thailand Route 12 single carriageway with a hard shoulder in Phetchabun"><img alt="Thailand Route 12 single carriageway with a hard shoulder in Phetchabun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg/270px-PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg/405px-PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg/540px-PhetchabunHw12-20090514a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thailand Route 12 single carriageway with a hard shoulder in <a href="/wiki/Phetchabun" title="Phetchabun">Phetchabun</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thailand Route 22 dual carriageway with u-turn in Sakhon Nakhon"><img alt="Thailand Route 22 dual carriageway with u-turn in Sakhon Nakhon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg/291px-SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg/436px-SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg/581px-SakhonNakhon-hw22-20090514c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thailand Route 22 dual carriageway with u-turn in <a href="/wiki/Sakhon_Nakhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhon Nakhon">Sakhon Nakhon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="AH1, AH2 and Thailand Route 32 in Ayutthaya"><img alt="AH1, AH2 and Thailand Route 32 in Ayutthaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG/269px-Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG/404px-Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG/538px-Thailand_AH1_AH2_Route_32_Ayutthaya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AH1" title="AH1">AH1</a>, <a href="/wiki/AH2" title="AH2">AH2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand_Route_32" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailand Route 32">Thailand Route 32</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayutthaya (city)">Ayutthaya</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkey has 28,986 km of dual carriageway as January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-kgm1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kgm1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speed limit changes, but normally 110 km/h is the limit of state road (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=D_100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D 100 (page does not exist)">D 100</a>). Turkey has 3,633 km<sup id="cite_ref-kgm1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kgm1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of motorways. The minimum speed limit on the Turkish motorways is 40 km/h and the maximum is 140 km/h. Almost all of the network is 6 lanes (3 in each direction) wide and illuminated. Some parts converted from uncontrolled access dual carriageways are 4 lanes (2 in each direction) wide. The motorway sign in Turkey is green and uses Highway Gothic typeface. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkish state road D 750 at Konya junction. Toros Mountains in the background"><img alt="Turkish state road D 750 at Konya junction. Toros Mountains in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG/397px-Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG" decoding="async" width="265" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG/595px-Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG/793px-Turkish_state_road_D_750.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turkish state road D 750 at Konya junction. <a href="/wiki/Toros_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Toros Mountains">Toros Mountains</a> in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 343.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 341.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seyrantepe_bridge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Otoyol 2 near Ali Sami Yen Stadium, Istanbul"><img alt="Otoyol 2 near Ali Sami Yen Stadium, Istanbul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seyrantepe_bridge.png/512px-Seyrantepe_bridge.png" decoding="async" width="342" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seyrantepe_bridge.png/768px-Seyrantepe_bridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seyrantepe_bridge.png/1024px-Seyrantepe_bridge.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Otoyol_2" title="Otoyol 2">Otoyol 2</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sami_Yen_Stadium" title="Ali Sami Yen Stadium">Ali Sami Yen Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India has many dual carriageways. Many of them are under the control of <a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">National Highways Authority of India</a> and some of them are under state and local authorities. <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">National Highway (India)</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_India" title="State highways in India">State highways in India</a> comes under these type of roads, like <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> and major arterial roads. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flyover in New Delhi Heading Towards Airport"><img alt="Flyover in New Delhi Heading Towards Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg/244px-DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg/365px-DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg/487px-DelhiFlyover_EDITED.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flyover in New Delhi Heading Towards Airport</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_(Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Delhi Noida Direct Flyway"><img alt="Delhi Noida Direct Flyway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/240px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/360px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/480px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Delhi Noida Direct Flyway</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyderabad–Mirpurkhas Dual Carriageway was constructed in 2012 on which the work started in 2009. It was under the Special Directives of President Asif Ali Zardari and Chief Minister Sindh Syed Qaim Ali Shah the first dual carriageway constructed under the Public Private Plan it extends up to 60 km. </p><p>N-55 and N-5 are dual carriageways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Principal <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Expressways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> Roads and Avenues in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Cebu" title="Metro Cebu">Metro Cebu</a> are examples of dual carriageways in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog_Arterial_Road" title="Southern Tagalog Arterial Road">STAR Tollway</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Luzon_Expressway" title="North Luzon Expressway">NLEX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subic%E2%80%93Clark%E2%80%93Tarlac_Expressway" title="Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway">SCTEX</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway" title="South Luzon Expressway">SLEX</a> have portions with central reservations. Some highways inside Metro Manila have underpasses, tunnels and flyovers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A portion of the North Luzon Expressway in Bulacan, Philippines, before the integration with SCTEX"><img alt="A portion of the North Luzon Expressway in Bulacan, Philippines, before the integration with SCTEX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG/240px-FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG/360px-FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG/480px-FvfGuiguintoNLExICSB9598_25.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A portion of the <a href="/wiki/North_Luzon_Expressway" title="North Luzon Expressway">North Luzon Expressway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, before the integration with SCTEX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A portion of Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway in Bataan"><img alt="A portion of Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway in Bataan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg/240px-SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg/360px-SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg/480px-SCTEX_in_Dinalupihan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A portion of <a href="/wiki/Subic%E2%80%93Clark%E2%80%93Tarlac_Expressway" title="Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway">Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIE_(SG)_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg/220px-PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg/330px-PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg/440px-PIE_%28SG%29_aft_Pioneer_Rd_Nth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pan_Island_Expressway" title="Pan Island Expressway">Pan Island Expressway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>A high proportion of roads in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> are dual carriageways with central reservations; examples include Clementi Road, Commonwealth Avenue and Holland Road. Often there might be railings erected on the central reservation to prevent pedestrians from dashing across the road. These usually have traffic lights along the way but flyovers and road tunnels (or 'underpasses') can be built to minimize the use of traffic lights; for example, at the Holland Road-Farrer Road-Queensway junction there are three levels of roads. Before the 1980s, roundabouts were popular, but since then many have been changed to traffic-light controlled junctions. </p><p>These dual carriageways are to be distinguished from motorways, known in Singapore as expressways such as the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Island_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Island Expressway">Pan-Island Expressway</a> (PIE) and <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Rajah_Expressway" title="Ayer Rajah Expressway">Ayer Rajah Expressway</a> (AYE) where no traffic lights are used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/220px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/330px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/440px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a> in the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Known dual carriageways in Malaysia include the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a> (the main motorway system in Peninsular <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>), the East Coast Expressway (serving the Peninsular east coast), the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Highway, Malaysia">Federal Highway</a> (serving <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Lebuh_AMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebuh AMJ">AMJ Highway</a> (linking <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johorean</a> towns <a href="/wiki/Muar_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Muar town">Muar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(town)" title="Batu Pahat (town)">Batu Pahat</a>) and the under construct <a href="/wiki/Pan_Borneo_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Borneo Highway">Pan Borneo Highway</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>. Some highways inside <a href="/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a> have underpasses, tunnels and flyovers e.g. <a href="/wiki/SMART_Tunnel" title="SMART Tunnel">SMART Tunnel</a> (mostly tunnel section) and <a href="/wiki/Ampang%E2%80%93Kuala_Lumpur_Elevated_Highway" title="Ampang–Kuala Lumpur Elevated Highway">Ampang–Kuala Lumpur Elevated Highway</a> (mostly elevated section). Apart from major motorways and expressways, treelined dual carriageways also pass through most urban areas. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/28px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/42px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/56px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Roads" title="Portal:Roads">roads portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road" title="2+1 road">2+1 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriageway" title="Carriageway">Carriageway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Controlled-access highway</a> (also known as <i>motorway</i>, <i>freeway</i> or <i>expressway</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">Limited-access road</a> (also known as <i>expressway</i> or <i>high-quality dual carriageway</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">Single carriageway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual_carriageway&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ostia-antica.org/vie/vie.htm">"Leaving Rome"</a>. <i>www.ostia-antica.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ostia-antica.org&rft.atitle=Leaving+Rome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ostia-antica.org%2Fvie%2Fvie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADual+carriageway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry S. Griffith, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=44gNAQAAIAAJ&q=History+of+the+Town+of+Carver%2C+Massachusetts">History of the Town of Carver, Massachusetts: Historical Review, 1637-1910</a></i>, New Bedford, Massachusetts: E. Anthony & Sons, 1913.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060508183403/http://german.about.com/library/blgermyth08.htm">"German Myth 8: Hitler's Autobahn?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://german.about.com/library/blgermyth08.htm">the original</a> on 8 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1924+Mile+Posts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flocal.aaca.org%2Fbntc%2Fmileposts%2F1924.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADual+carriageway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igg.org.uk/gansg/00-app1/roads.htm">"Roads and Roadworks"</a>. International Good Guys<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dual_carriageways" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dual carriageways">Dual carriageways</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Department for Transport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205114951/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roadsafety/speedmanagement/speedknowyourlimits">Speed: Know your limits</a> (PDF)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Road_types" title="Template:Road types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Road_types" title="Template talk:Road types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Road_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Road types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Road_hierarchy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">hierarchy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_road" title="Types of road">Types of road</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">Limited-access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_highway" title="Bicycle highway">Bicycle highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Freeway / Motorway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_highway" title="Elevated highway">Elevated highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Limited-access_roads_by_country" title="Category:Limited-access roads by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Australia" title="Highways in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belgium#Road_transport" title="Transport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highway_System" title="Brazilian Highway System">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Canada" title="Roads in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Croatia" title="Highways in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Highways in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Greece" title="Highways in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-quality_dual_carriageway" title="High-quality dual carriageway">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Nepal" title="List of roads in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Pakistan" title="Roads in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Portugal" title="Roads in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Spain" title="Highways in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_system_in_Taiwan" title="Highway system in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">Arterial road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_road" title="Collector road">Collector road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_highway" title="County highway">County highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local%E2%80%93express_lanes" title="Local–express lanes">Express–collector setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm-to-market_road" title="Farm-to-market road">Farm-to-market road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_road" title="Link road">Link road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-lane_expressway" title="Two-lane expressway">Two-lane expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road" title="2+1 road">2+1 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_road" title="2+2 road">2+2 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway" title="Parkway">Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">Ring road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_two" title="Super two">Super two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">Trunk road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_systems_by_country" title="Highway systems by country">Highway systems by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_road" title="Back road">Back road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Bicycle boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_lane" title="Country lane">Country lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_end_street" title="Dead end street">Dead end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontage_road" title="Frontage road">Frontage road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">Green lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Street" title="Main Street">Main street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_road" title="Primitive road">Primitive road</a></li> <li>Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_road" title="Side road">Side road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">Single carriageway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_road" title="Single-track road">Single-track road</a></li> <li>Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunken_lane" title="Sunken lane">Sunken lane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">Concurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detour" title="Detour">Detour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">Road hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_highway" title="Private highway">Private highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_number" title="Route number">Route number</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_route" title="Special route">special route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_route" title="Business route">business route</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroad" title="Stroad">Stroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">Toll road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_road" title="Winter road">Winter road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_junction" title="Road junction">Road junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">Interchanges</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">Cloverleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flow_interchange" title="Free-flow interchange">Free-flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Directional_T_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Directional T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diverging_diamond_interchange" title="Diverging diamond interchange">Diverging diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_cloverleaf_interchange" title="Partial cloverleaf interchange">Parclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raindrop_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Raindrop interchange">Raindrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout_interchange" title="Roundabout interchange">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-point_urban_interchange" title="Single-point urban interchange">Single-point urban (SPUI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_interchange" title="Stack interchange">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-level_diamond_interchange" title="Three-level diamond interchange">Three-level diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Trumpet_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Trumpet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">Intersections<br /><span class="nobold">(at-grade)</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-way_junction" title="Three-way junction">3-way junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(road)" title="Bowtie (road)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_junction" title="Box junction">Box junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channelization_(roads)" title="Channelization (roads)">Channelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous-flow_intersection" title="Continuous-flow intersection">Continuous flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jughandle" title="Jughandle">Jughandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_left" title="Michigan left">Michigan left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_T-intersection" title="Offset T-intersection">Offset T-intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_roadway_intersection" title="Quadrant roadway intersection">Quadrant roadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-in/right-out" title="Right-in/right-out">Right-in/right-out (RIRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagull_intersection" title="Seagull intersection">Seagull intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_intersection" title="Split intersection">Split intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstreet" title="Superstreet">Superstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_U-turn" title="Texas U-turn">Texas U-turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(road)" title="Turnaround (road)">Turnaround</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">Surfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioasphalt" title="Bioasphalt">Bioasphalt</a></li> <li>Brick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipseal" title="Chipseal">Chipseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete#Roads" title="Concrete">Concrete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforced concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduroy_road" title="Corduroy road">Corduroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_cracking" title="Crocodile cracking">Crocodile cracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_stone" title="Crushed stone">Crushed stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_grinding_of_pavement" title="Diamond grinding of pavement">Diamond grinding of pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_road" title="Dirt road">Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_depth_recycling" title="Full depth recycling">Full depth recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassphalt" title="Glassphalt">Glassphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_road" title="Gravel road">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadam" title="Macadam">Macadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_milling" title="Pavement milling">Pavement milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permeable_paving" title="Permeable paving">Permeable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_road" title="Plank road">Plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_road" title="Plastic road">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberized_asphalt" title="Rubberized asphalt">Rubberized asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealcoat" title="Sealcoat">Sealcoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sett_(paving)" title="Sett (paving)">Sett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamped_asphalt" title="Stamped asphalt">Stamped asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmacadam" title="Tarmacadam">Tarmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_texture" title="Road texture">Texture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">Road safety<br />factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road and<br />environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">Aquaplaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_(roads)" title="Bleeding (roads)">Bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosswind" title="Crosswind">Crosswind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Curve" title="Dead Man's Curve">Dead Man's Curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">Expansion joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairpin_turn" title="Hairpin turn">Hairpin turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">Manhole cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">Oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversize_load" title="Oversize load">Oversize load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole" title="Pothole">Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_debris" title="Road debris">Road debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_slipperiness" title="Road slipperiness">Road slipperiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_train" title="Road train">Road train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">Roadkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockfall" title="Rockfall">Rockfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rut_(roads)" title="Rut (roads)">Rut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_bump" title="Speed bump">Speed bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_drain" title="Storm drain">Storm drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washboarding" title="Washboarding">Washboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washout_(erosion)" title="Washout (erosion)">Washout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteout_(weather)" title="Whiteout (weather)">Whiteout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Human factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_education" title="Driver's education">Driver's education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowsy_driving" title="Drowsy driving">Drowsy driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_rage" title="Road rage">Road rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-vehicle_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-vehicle crash">Single-vehicle crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Automotive safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_belt" title="Seat belt">Seat belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_compensation#Road_transport" title="Risk compensation">Risk compensation (road transport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underride_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Underride guard">Underride guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">Space and<br />time allocation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_transfer_machine" title="Barrier transfer machine">Barrier transfer machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Bike lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_lane" title="Climbing lane">Climbing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane" title="Contraflow lane">Contraflow lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane_reversal" title="Contraflow lane reversal">Contraflow lane reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">High-occupancy toll lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">High-occupancy vehicle lane</a></li> <li>Lane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_street" title="Living street">Living street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_lane" title="Managed lane">Managed lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_strip" title="Median strip">Median / Central reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_lane" title="Motorcycle lane">Motorcycle lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_lane" title="Passing lane">Passing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_island" title="Refuge island">Refuge island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversible_lane" title="Reversible lane">Reversible lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_diet" title="Road diet">Road diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_verge" title="Road verge">Road verge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_truck_ramp" title="Runaway truck ramp">Runaway truck ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_space" title="Shared space">Shared space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">Sidewalk / Pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street-running railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">Traffic calming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Traffic directionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_island" title="Traffic island">Traffic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lanes">Traffic lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_signal_preemption" title="Traffic signal preemption">Traffic signal preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_bypass" title="Truck bypass">Truck bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unused_highway" title="Unused highway">Unused highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_outside_lane" title="Wide outside lane">Wide outside lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woonerf" title="Woonerf">Woonerf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demarcation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">Bollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botts%27_dots" title="Botts' dots">Botts' dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_barrier" title="Cable barrier">Cable barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_eye_(road)" title="Cat's eye (road)">Cat's eye (road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Concrete step barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-slope_barrier" title="Constant-slope barrier">Constant-slope barrier</a></li> <li>Curb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-shape_barrier" title="F-shape barrier">F-shape barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_rail" title="Guard rail">Guard rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_barrier" title="Noise barrier">Noise barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_pavement_marker" title="Raised pavement marker">Raised pavement marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_surface_marking" title="Road surface marking">Road surface marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_strip" title="Rumble strip">Rumble strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">Traffic barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_cone" title="Traffic cone">Traffic cone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpass" title="Overpass">Overpass / Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Underpass / Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance<br />indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_condition_index" title="Pavement condition index">Pavement condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_roughness_index" title="International roughness index">International roughness index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_serviceability_index" title="Present serviceability index">Present serviceability index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_performance_modeling" title="Pavement performance modeling">Pavement performance modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency" title="Granular base equivalency">Granular base equivalency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_road_transport_terms" title="Glossary of road transport terms">Glossary of road transport terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road_types_by_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road types by features">Road types by features</a></li></ul> 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