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id="toc-In_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_at_Madison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_at_Madison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation of the Wisconsin Idea at Madison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_at_Madison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creation of the University of Wisconsin System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges_to_the_Wisconsin_Idea_as_part_of_the_UW_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges_to_the_Wisconsin_Idea_as_part_of_the_UW_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Challenges to the Wisconsin Idea as part of the UW System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges_to_the_Wisconsin_Idea_as_part_of_the_UW_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_indigenous_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_indigenous_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relationship with indigenous culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_indigenous_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg/220px-Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg/330px-Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg/440px-Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Wisconsin on a map of the United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wis-capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wis-capitol.jpg/220px-Wis-capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wis-capitol.jpg/330px-Wis-capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Wis-capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Wisconsin State Capitol</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madison_State_University.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Madison_State_University.jpeg/260px-Madison_State_University.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Madison_State_University.jpeg/390px-Madison_State_University.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Madison_State_University.jpeg/520px-Madison_State_University.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>An early illustration of the University of Wisconsin campus, from the 1885 edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Blue_Book" title="Wisconsin Blue Book">Wisconsin Blue Book</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Wisconsin Idea</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_philosophy" title="Public philosophy">public philosophy</a> that has influenced <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ideal_(ethics)" title="Ideal (ethics)">ideals</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> system and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>. In education, emphasis is often placed on how the Idea articulates education's role for Wisconsin's <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> and inhabitants. In politics, the Idea is most associated with the historic political upheaval and subsequent reformation during the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wisconsin_Idea_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wisconsin_Idea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First articulated in the educational sense in 1904 when <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a> President <a href="/wiki/Charles_Van_Hise" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Van Hise">Charles Van Hise</a> declared he would "never be content until the beneficent influence of the university reaches every family in the state", the Wisconsin Idea has been used to frame and foster the <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a> contributions to the <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">state</a> of Wisconsin's government and citizens: "to the government in the forms of serving in office, offering advice about <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a>, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to the citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities".<sup id="cite_ref-stark_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the strictly political sense, the Idea came about during the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> when proponents of the Wisconsin Idea took inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">traditions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">customs</a> brought to the state by <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy,_Conclusion_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy,_Conclusion-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a> saw U.S. states as "<a href="/wiki/Laboratories_of_democracy" title="Laboratories of democracy">laboratories for democracy</a>" ready for experimentation. This resulted in a genitive legislative environment that implemented numerous significant reforms including to <a href="/wiki/Primary_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary elections">primary elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">workers' compensation</a>, state and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">federal</a> transportation, <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">U.S. Senate elections</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive taxation</a> that served as a model for other states and the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern political facet of the philosophy is the effort "to ensure well-constructed <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> aimed at benefiting the greatest number of people".<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_education">In education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlesRVanHise.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CharlesRVanHise.jpeg/170px-CharlesRVanHise.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CharlesRVanHise.jpeg/255px-CharlesRVanHise.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CharlesRVanHise.jpeg/340px-CharlesRVanHise.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Van_Hise" title="Charles R. Van Hise">Charles R. Van Hise</a></figcaption></figure> <p>For more than a century, the <a href="/wiki/University_system" title="University system">university system</a> has been guided by the <i>Wisconsin Idea</i>, a tradition first enunciated by the University of Wisconsin President <a href="/wiki/Charles_Van_Hise" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Van Hise">Charles Van Hise</a> in 1904. Van Hise declared that he would "never be content until the beneficent influence of the university reaches every family in the state". </p><p>The <i>Wisconsin Idea</i> is a philosophy embraced by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_System" title="University of Wisconsin System">University of Wisconsin System</a> (UW System) that holds that university research should be applied to solve problems and improve health, quality of life, the environment, and agriculture for all citizens of the state. As explained by <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a>, "the Wisconsin tradition meant more than a simple belief in the people. It also meant faith in the application of intelligence and reason to the problems of society. It meant a deep conviction that the role of government was not to stumble along like a drunkard in the dark, but to light its way by the best torches of knowledge and understanding it could find."<sup id="cite_ref-stark_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This Progressive-era policy applied the expertise of the state's university to social legislation that benefited all the state's citizens; it led to classic programs such as regulation of utilities, workers' compensation, tax reform, and university extension services; sometimes expressed in the maxim that "the boundaries of the campus are the boundaries of the state".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, for the UW System, the Wisconsin Idea has come to signify more broadly the university's commitment to public service — a mission that substantially predates the progressive political era.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wisIdeaDatabase_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wisIdeaDatabase-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_at_Madison">Formation of the Wisconsin Idea at Madison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation of the Wisconsin Idea at Madison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John-Bascom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/John-Bascom.jpg/250px-John-Bascom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/John-Bascom.jpg/330px-John-Bascom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/John-Bascom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>John Bascom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnCommons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/JohnCommons.jpg/250px-JohnCommons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/JohnCommons.jpg/330px-JohnCommons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/JohnCommons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>John R. Commons at his desk at the University of Wisconsin in the 1920s.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg/220px-Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg/330px-Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Charles_McCarthy_-_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Charles McCarthy</figcaption></figure> <p>While the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin was established in Madison</a> on July 26, 1848,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Wisconsin Idea was not mentioned in the original charter.<sup id="cite_ref-stark_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stark-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea laid latent for around 50 years until the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> when the state gained national attention for its innovative economic and political reforms. Amidst this ferment, the original "Wisconsin Idea" was popularized—the idea that a public university should improve the lives of people beyond the borders of its campus. It is in this spirit that Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a> routinely consulted with University of Wisconsin researchers to devise groundbreaking programs and legislation. Although the Wisconsin Idea is often attributed to the famed 1904 speech by Charles Van Hise, president of the University of Wisconsin, many university leaders and faculty have been credited with helping formulate the Idea. </p><p>David Hoeveler, who holds a distinguished professorship in history at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Milwaukee" title="University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee">University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee</a>, argues the Idea originated decades earlier, in the creative and fertile mind of <a href="/wiki/John_Bascom" title="John Bascom">John Bascom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A philosopher, theologian, and sociologist, Bascom deeply influenced a generation of students at the University of Wisconsin, including La Follette and Van Hise. Bascom drew concepts from <a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal Protestantism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolutionary theory</a>, transforming them into advocacy for social and political reform. He was a champion of temperance, women's rights, and labor, all of which brought him controversy as president of the university from 1874 to 1887. In a way unmatched by any leader of a major American university in his time, Bascom outlined a social gospel that called for an expanded role for state governments and universities as agencies of moral improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the Ideas' intellectual history can be traced from the nineteenth century to the influential Progressive Era thinkers <a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> and Richard T. Ely, who believed university researchers should be a vital source of expertise for government and citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Commons has even been credited with originating the Wisconsin Idea by the Madison Landmarks Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the activities and concepts that make up the "Wisconsin Idea" were not formally announced as such until 1912 when <a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarthy_(progressive)" title="Charles McCarthy (progressive)">Charles McCarthy</a> described the philosophy in a book by that name. According to historian Tim Lacy, McCarthy, "possessed an extraordinary sense of political philosophy and contextual factors; this sense broadly shaped the Wisconsin Idea. He was sensitive to ethics, the problems of force, the distoring effects of money and capitalism, the wants of everyday people, the importance of deliberation, the problems of expertise, the drive for efficiency, and the concerns of justice."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, Wisconsin had developed a national reputation for legislative innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin_System">Creation of the University of Wisconsin System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation of the University of Wisconsin System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally the UW System schools outside Madison were State Normal Schools, created for teacher preparation. These became State Teachers Colleges in the 1920s, then State Colleges in the 1950s. In 1956 the Milwaukee State College was incorporated with the University of Wisconsin, which at the time only included the Madison Campus. The other 4 year Universities (Platteville, Whitewater, Oshkosh, River Falls, Stout (in Menomonie), Superior, Stevens Point, La Crosse, and Eau Claire) grew in size rapidly, added graduate programs, and in 1964 became Wisconsin State Universities. The University of Wisconsin built two new universities, at Green Bay and Kenosha (Parkside). In 1971 there was increasing pressure for the Universities in the State to confederate into one system. With the insistence of State Governor Patrick Lucey the Wisconsin State Universities and the UW were unified, preserving each campus's individual focuses and strengths while providing the support and prestige of UW Madison. The new UW System mission statement reads: </p> <blockquote><p>The mission of the system is to develop human resources, to discover and disseminate knowledge, to extend knowledge and its application beyond the boundaries of its campuses and to serve and stimulate society by developing in students heightened intellectual, cultural and humane sensitivities, scientific, professional and technological expertise and a sense of purpose. Inherent in this broad mission are methods of instruction, research, extended training and public service designed to educate people and improve the human condition. Basic to every purpose of the system is the search for truth.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenges_to_the_Wisconsin_Idea_as_part_of_the_UW_System">Challenges to the Wisconsin Idea as part of the UW System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Challenges to the Wisconsin Idea as part of the UW System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg/220px-Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg/330px-Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg/440px-Scott_Walker_primary_victory_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Walker after winning the 2010 Republican gubernatorial primary</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">Wisconsin Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a>'s budget proposal included the removal of the Wisconsin Idea from the University of Wisconsin System mission statement. Walker proposed replacing the mission's goal to "extend knowledge and its application beyond the boundaries of its campus" and to "serve and stimulate society" with a goal "to meet the state's workforce needs". After a negative reaction from politicians and the public, the Wisconsin Idea was restored to the budget proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the attempted removal of the Wisconsin Idea and in response to broader political trends at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a> along with former Sociology staff member Patrick Brenzel created the course and public lecture series "Forward? The Wisconsin Idea, Past & Present" in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Brenzel conceived of the course, he had hoped it could "reinvigorate a broader, multidisciplinary conversation about how we (UW faculty), within our specialties, can re-engage with the people of Wisconsin." First facilitated by Chad Alan Goldberg in 2016, the course has had various professors guide the course since its creation. With over 70 guest lecturers having presented on topics ranging from <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> to <a href="/wiki/Limnology" title="Limnology">limnology</a>, the course aims to identify challenges to the promise of the Wisconsin Idea in the 21st century. </p><p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Platteville_Richland" title="University of Wisconsin–Platteville Richland">University of Wisconsin–Platteville Richland</a> shut down, marking the first time a UW campus has closed since UW Medford in 1980. Following this closure, <a href="/wiki/Closures_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin_branch_campuses" title="Closures of the University of Wisconsin branch campuses">four other University of Wisconsin branch campuses have closed</a>. Additionally, one campus has gone entirely online and another has stopped using several of its campus buildings. Many have expressed concerns about the future of the Wisconsin Idea following these closures.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_politics">In politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">BDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures of economic progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Post</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_rights" title="Youth rights">Youth rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Beng" title="Su Beng">Su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong (Alice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Wong (Joshua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_DiAngelo" title="Robin DiAngelo">DiAngelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Seuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett" title="Jasmine Crockett">Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Lee (Barbara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee (Summer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau (Pierre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Zapatero</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Fragility" title="White Fragility">White Fragility</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_Racism" title="Nice Racism">Nice Racism</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Wiki">Rational Wiki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #800080; border-bottom:1px solid #800080; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_M_La_Follette,_Sr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/250px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/330px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/500px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr.">Robert M. La Follette, Sr.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Wisconsin Idea</i>, in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">American history</a>, also refers to a series of <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> reforms of the late 19th century and early 20th century whose strongest advocate was <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr.">Robert M. La Follette, Sr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> (1901–1906) and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator</a> (1906–1925). The Wisconsin Idea was created by the state's progressives to do away with <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_(business)" title="Trust (business)">trusts</a>, high <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</a>, and predatory wealth, which they saw as the problem that must be solved or else "no advancement of human welfare or progress can take place".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wisconsin_Idea_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wisconsin_Idea-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reforms in <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">labor rights</a> were one of the major aspects of the Wisconsin Idea. The progressive worker's compensation program was first introduced by German immigrants, who were abundant in Wisconsin. The system was adopted from the existing system in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, which was based on the idea that the employer was obligated to take care of his employees and keep paying them as they grew old.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the reforms were based on traditions and customs brought to the state by German immigrants. The emphasis on higher learning and well-funded universities stressed by the Wisconsin Idea was derived from the education system of Germany. Progressives also proposed the first state <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income taxes</a>, as well as submitting the idea of a progressive tax. They also passed legislation prohibiting pollution and police brutality.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy,_Conclusion_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy,_Conclusion-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Wisconsin Idea would go on to set an example for other states in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The progressive politicians of the time sought to emulate and ultimately transcend the states of the east coast in regards to labor laws. Wisconsin progressives wished to make Wisconsin into a benchmark for other <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> states to strive towards. Although many of the reforms went through in 1911, conservative opponents of the progressive party took control of Wisconsin in 1914, thus minimizing the magnitude and effects of the reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wisconsin Idea would continue to be a revolutionary precedent for other universities, and its educational aspects are still relevant today. Robert La Follette, Sr. was the man who implemented much of this legislation, and he was among the earliest supporters of direct election of senators, which is now a national practice. These progressive politicians also helped pass the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendments</a> to the <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="American Constitution">American Constitution</a>. </p><p>These proposed reforms, all of which were eventually adopted, included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary elections</a>, allowing the rank-and-file members of a political party to choose its nominees rather than caucuses usually dominated by political bosses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a>, allowing workers injured whilst working to receive a fixed payment in compensation for their injuries and related expenses rather than forcing them to go to court against their employers, which at the time was extremely difficult and had little realistic chance of success.</li> <li>State regulation of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railroads</a> in addition to the federal regulation imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a>.</li> <li>Direct election of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senators</a> as opposed to the original method of their selection by the state <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a>, eventually ratified as the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a>, where the wealthier pay a higher rate of <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> than the less-affluent, made possible on the federal level in part by the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.</li></ul> <p>Adoption of these reforms marked the high point of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_indigenous_culture">Relationship with indigenous culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship with indigenous culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Wisconsin-Madison resides in the region called <i>Teejop,</i> or the <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin#History" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Four Lakes</a>, the ancestral land of the <a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_Nation_of_Wisconsin" title="Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin">Ho-Chunk Nation</a>, and thus the Wisconsin Idea is inherently tied to the history, people, and land. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a> was established in 1848 and became a <a href="/wiki/Land-grant_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Land-grant institution">land-grant institution</a> in 1866 by virtue of the <a href="/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts" title="Morrill Land-Grant Acts">Morrill Act</a>. Land Grants allowed federal lands to the states to be "for the use and support of a University within said Territory, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment and expansion of the University necessitated taking land from the Ho-Chunk Nation; displacing them from their ancestral land. </p><p>This legacy of manifest destiny continues throughout the course of the University. <a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarthy_(progressive)" title="Charles McCarthy (progressive)">Charles McCarthy</a>, a famous proponent of the Wisconsin Idea, wrote "To the hard-handed men who broke the prairie, hewed the forests, made the roads and bridges and built little homes in the wilderness...and all the toilers who, by their sweat, made possible our schools, a great university, and all the good that is with us." </p><p>The Wisconsin Idea values diverse and holistic learning, of which Native perspectives and knowledge systems have long been ignored. In the early nineties, there were calls for reform in how schools taught US history. In recent years, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a> administration has taken some steps to better address the Indigenous history of the campus land as well as incorporate Indigenous knowledge systems into the curriculum. This is in light of a broader move by the state of Wisconsin, which established the American Indian Curriculum Services in the Wisconsin Act 31 in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies as the University of Wisconsin-Madison convened a leadership summit with representatives from the twelve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Native_Nations_in_Wisconsin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Native Nations in Wisconsin (page does not exist)">Native Nations in Wisconsin</a>, leading to the creation of the Native Nations_UW (NN_UW) Working Group.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This initiative is a partnership between UW-Madison, University of Wisconsin Colleges, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin Extension">University of Wisconsin Extension</a> and the Native Nations in Wisconsin, founded on the strategic plan to work towards more respectful and reciprocal partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UW-Madison created a full-time position of tribal relations director in 2019, naming Aaron Bird Bear the first to hold this position intended to foster stronger ties between the 12 First Nations of Wisconsin and the university.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, a new heritage marker titled "Our Shared Future" was developed in collaboration with representatives of the Ho-Chunk Nation and placed on Bascom Hill, recognizing the land as the ancestral home of the Ho-Chunk, acknowledging the circumstances that led to their forced removal, and honoring the Ho-Chunk Nation's history of resistance and resilience.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, UW-Madison was awarded a grant from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> as part of the Wisconsin Land-Grant System Partnership for the Advancing Native Education Pathways project. This project seeks to engage members of Wisconsin's Tribal Nations; university faculty, staff, and students; and community members to integrate Indigenous knowledge and methods. </p><p>In announcement of this grant, Kristen Levan, a Strategic Communications Specialist at the University, writes, "In spirit of the Wisconsin Idea, UW-Madison's belief that education must enhance people's lives beyond the boundaries of the classroom, supporting Native American educational achievement aligns with the university's commitment to public service."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin Public Radio</a>, formerly a division of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Extension">University of Wisconsin-Extension</a>, was established to bring the Wisconsin Idea to the broadcast airwaves. From the WPR Mission Statement: "WPR's Mission is to realize the Wisconsin Idea by producing, acquiring and delivering high quality audio programming that serves the public's need to discuss ideas and opinions, and that provides cultural enrichment, intellectual stimulation, and intelligent, enlightening entertainment."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Wisconsin_Idea-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wisconsin_Idea_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wisconsin_Idea_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1912" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarthy_(progressive)" title="Charles McCarthy (progressive)">McCarthy, Charles</a> (1912). "The Reason for It". <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Wisconsin Idea/Chapter 1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Wisconsin_Idea/Chapter_1"><i>The Wisconsin Idea</i> </a></span>. New York: The MacMillan Company – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Reason+for+It&rft.btitle=The+Wisconsin+Idea&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stark-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stark_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stark_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stark_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStark1995" class="citation book cs1">Stark, Jack (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1995.p0116&id=WI.WIBlueBk1995&isize=L">"The Wisconsin Idea: The University's Service to the State"</a>. In Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau (ed.). <i>State of Wisconsin 1995-1996 Blue Book</i>. Madison: Wisconsin Legislature Joint Committee on Legislative Organization. pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>3, <span class="nowrap">100–</span>179. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180329053921/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&entity=WI.WIBlueBk1995.p0116&id=WI.WIBlueBk1995&isize=L">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Wisconsin+Idea%3A+The+University%27s+Service+to+the+State&rft.btitle=State+of+Wisconsin+1995-1996+Blue+Book&rft.place=Madison&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E3%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Legislature+Joint+Committee+on+Legislative+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FWI%2FWI-idx%3Ftype%3Dturn%26entity%3DWI.WIBlueBk1995.p0116%26id%3DWI.WIBlueBk1995%26isize%3DL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy,_Conclusion-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy,_Conclusion_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy,_Conclusion_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1912" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarthy_(progressive)" title="Charles McCarthy (progressive)">McCarthy, Charles</a> (1912). "Conclusion". <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Wisconsin Idea/Chapter 10"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Wisconsin_Idea/Chapter_10"><i>The Wisconsin Idea</i> </a></span>. New York: The MacMillan Company – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conclusion&rft.btitle=The+Wisconsin+Idea&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMyers1991" class="citation journal cs1">Myers, R. David (Fall 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308142504/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=HTML&rgn=div1&byte=1813737631">"The Wisconsin Idea: Its National and International Significance"</a>. <i>Wisconsin Academy Review</i>. <b>37</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=HTML&rgn=div1&byte=1813737631">the original</a> on 2017-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Academy+Review&rft.atitle=The+Wisconsin+Idea%3A+Its+National+and+International+Significance&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=R.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FWI%2FWI-idx%3Ftype%3DHTML%26rgn%3Ddiv1%26byte%3D1813737631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"the boundaries of the campus are the boundaries of the state." Wisconsin Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS3588"><i>History of the Wisconsin Idea</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526131520/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS3588">Archived</a> 2021-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wisc.edu/wisconsin-idea/">https://www.wisc.edu/wisconsin-idea/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102215322/https://www.wisc.edu/wisconsin-idea/">Archived</a> 2018-01-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Wisconsin Idea</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wisIdeaDatabase-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wisIdeaDatabase_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisconsinidea.wisc.edu/">THE WISCONSIN IDEA DATABASE: The Wisconsin Idea in Action </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528211937/https://wisconsinidea.wisc.edu/">Archived</a> 2021-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Search for results by County, by Academic college, or by Idea</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurti1949" class="citation book cs1">Curti, Merle (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/UW.UWHist18481925v1"><i>The University of Wisconsin : a history</i></a>. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518142501/https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/ABYSCPJVI6VT5C9C/pages/A3RO43HBYCFUM48S">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Wisconsin+%3A+a+history&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Curti&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.wisc.edu%2F1711.dl%2FUW.UWHist18481925v1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Bascom_and_the_Origins_of_the_Wisconsin_Idea_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/5450.htm"><i>UW Press: John Bascom and the Origins of the Wisconsin Idea</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415101728/https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/5450.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Wisconsin Idea, Past & Present</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021043859/https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/soc/wiscidea/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forward%3F+The+Wisconsin+Idea%2C+Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssc.wisc.edu%2Fsoc%2Fwiscidea%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKremer2024" class="citation web cs1">Kremer, Rich (2024-04-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpr.org/news/uw-vacate-richland-campus-college-classes-ended">"UW to vacate Richland campus 1 year after college classes ended"</a>. <i>WPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WPR&rft.atitle=UW+to+vacate+Richland+campus+1+year+after+college+classes+ended&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Kremer&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpr.org%2Fnews%2Fuw-vacate-richland-campus-college-classes-ended&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKremer2022" class="citation news cs1">Kremer, Rich (November 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpr.org/uw-platteville-richland-campus-july-1-close-in-person">"In-person classes ended at UW-Platteville Richland campus July 1"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin Public Radio</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=In-person+classes+ended+at+UW-Platteville+Richland+campus+July+1&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft.aulast=Kremer&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpr.org%2Fuw-platteville-richland-campus-july-1-close-in-person&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/uw-wisconsin-oshkosh-closing-81c25ab9b12226e45758095c20a9897d">"UW-Oshkosh to shut down Fox Cities campus amid enrollment plunge"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 2024-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Native+Nations_UW&rft.atitle=Partnerships%2C+Projects%2C+and+Programs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnativenations.nelson.wisc.edu%2Fpartnerships-projects-programs%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nativenations.nelson.wisc.edu/docs/Native_Nations_UW_Strategic_Plan_Sept_2017.pdf">"Native Nations_UW Stratigic Planning"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214141912/http://nativenations.nelson.wisc.edu/docs/Native_Nations_UW_Strategic_Plan_Sept_2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+Nations_UW+Stratigic+Planning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnativenations.nelson.wisc.edu%2Fdocs%2FNative_Nations_UW_Strategic_Plan_Sept_2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErickson2019" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Doug (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.wisc.edu/aaron-bird-bear-named-uw-madisons-director-of-tribal-relations/">"Aaron Bird Bear named UW–Madison's first director of tribal relations"</a>. <i>UW Madison News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027040739/https://news.wisc.edu/aaron-bird-bear-named-uw-madisons-director-of-tribal-relations/">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UW+Madison+News&rft.atitle=Aaron+Bird+Bear+named+UW%E2%80%93Madison%27s+first+director+of+tribal+relations&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.wisc.edu%2Faaron-bird-bear-named-uw-madisons-director-of-tribal-relations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErickson2019" class="citation web cs1">Erickson, Doug (June 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-heritage-marker-honors-ho-chunk-recognizes-land-as-ancestral-home/">"UW–Madison heritage marker honors Ho-Chunk, recognizes land as ancestral home"</a>. <i>UW Madison News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126154533/https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-heritage-marker-honors-ho-chunk-recognizes-land-as-ancestral-home/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UW+Madison+News&rft.atitle=UW%E2%80%93Madison+heritage+marker+honors+Ho-Chunk%2C+recognizes+land+as+ancestral+home&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.wisc.edu%2Fuw-madison-heritage-marker-honors-ho-chunk-recognizes-land-as-ancestral-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeVan2020" class="citation web cs1">LeVan, Kristina (September 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-awarded-grant-to-develop-educational-pathways-for-native-youth/">"UW–Madison awarded grant to develop educational pathways for Native youth"</a>. <i>UW Madison News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101194356/https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-awarded-grant-to-develop-educational-pathways-for-native-youth/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UW+Madison+News&rft.atitle=UW%E2%80%93Madison+awarded+grant+to+develop+educational+pathways+for+Native+youth&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=LeVan&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.wisc.edu%2Fuw-madison-awarded-grant-to-develop-educational-pathways-for-native-youth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712224748/http://wpr.org/about/wpr_programming_mission.htm">"Wisconsin Public Radio Programming Mission and Strategy"</a>. <i>wpr.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wpr.org/about/wpr_programming_mission.htm">the original</a> on 2012-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wpr.org&rft.atitle=Wisconsin+Public+Radio+Programming+Mission+and+Strategy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwpr.org%2Fabout%2Fwpr_programming_mission.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Altmeyer, Arthur J. <i>The Formative Years of Social Security</i> (University of Wisconsin Press, 1966)</li> <li>Altmeyer, Arthur J. "The Wisconsin Idea and Social Security." <i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>, 42#1 (1958), pp. 19–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4633340">online</a> also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wmh&CISOPTR=44499&CISOSHOW=44435&REC=4">another copy</a></li> <li>Carrington, Paul D. and King, Erika., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1154&context=faculty_scholarship">"Law and the Wisconsin Idea"</a> (1997). Duke Law Faculty Scholarship, Paper 192.</li> <li>Carstensen, Vernon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wmh&CISOPTR=20599&CISOSHOW=20549&REC=4">"The Origin and Early Development of the Wisconsin Idea"</a>, <i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>, 39#3 (Spring 1956), pp. 181–188.</li> <li>Corry, Joe, and James Gooch. "The Wisconsin idea: Extending the boundaries of a university." <i>Higher Education Quarterly</i> 46.4 (1992): 305-320.</li> <li>Davidson, Randall. <i>9XM Talking: WHA Radio and the Wisconsin Idea</i>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-21870-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-21870-8">0-299-21870-8</a></li> <li>Doan, Edward N. <i>The La Follettes and the Wisconsin Idea</i>. New York: Rinehart, 1947.</li> <li>Heinen, Neil. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madisonmagazine.com/Madison-Magazine/January-2012/Wisconsins-Great-Idea/">Wisconsin’s Great Idea</a>". <i>Madison Magazine</i>, January 2012.</li> <li>Hoeveler, J. David, Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wmh&CISOPTR=27778&CISOSHOW=27717&REC=6">"The University and the Social Gospel: The Intellectual Origins of the 'Wisconsin Idea'"</a>, <i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>, vol. 59, no. 4 (Summer 1976), pp. 282–298.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howe,_Frederic_C." class="mw-redirect" title="Howe, Frederic C.">Howe, Frederic C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ICwHAAAAMAAJ&q=Wisconsin:+An+Experiment+in+Democracy"><i>Wisconsin: An Experiment in Democracy</i></a>. New York: Scribner's, 1912.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1912" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarthy_(progressive)" title="Charles McCarthy (progressive)">McCarthy, Charles</a> (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Wisconsin Idea"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Wisconsin_Idea"><i>The Wisconsin Idea</i> </a></span>. New York: The MacMillan Company – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wisconsin+Idea&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWisconsin+Idea" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wisconsinidea00mccauoft/page/n5/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li>MacLean, Elizabeth K. "Joseph E. Davies: The Wisconsin Idea and the Origins of the Federal Trade Commission," <i>Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era</i> (July 2007).</li> <li>Rippley, LaVern J. "Charles McCarthy and Frederic C. Howe: Their Imperial German Sources for the Wisconsin Idea in Progressive Politics." <i>Monatshefte</i> (1988): 67-81. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30153052">online</a></li> <li>Unger, Nancy C. <i>Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer</i> (U of North Carolina Press, 2003) pp 120–138.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ward_(university_president)" title="David Ward (university president)">Ward, David</a>. "Serving the State: The Wisconsin Idea Revisited," <i>Educational Record</i>, vol. 73, no. 2 (Spring 1992), pp. 12–16.</li> <li>Witte, John F. "Wisconsin ideas: The continuing role of the university in the state and beyond." <i>New Directions for Higher Education</i> 2000.112 (2000): 7-16.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wisconsin_Idea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinidea.wisc.edu/">The Wisconsin Idea</a>, University of Wisconsin-Madison</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinacademy.org/content/our-wisconsin-idea-program">Wisconsin Idea</a> at Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-036/">Progressivism and the Wisconsin Idea</a>, documents at the Wisconsin Historical Society</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Colleges<br />and schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_College_of_Agricultural_and_Life_Sciences" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences">Agricultural and Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_School_of_Business" title="Wisconsin School of Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_School_of_Education" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_College_of_Engineering" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_School_of_Human_Ecology" title="University of Wisconsin School of Human Ecology">Human Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_School_of_Journalism_%26_Mass_Communication" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Journalism & Mass Communication">Journalism and Mass Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Law_School" title="University of Wisconsin Law School">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_College_of_Letters_and_Science" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science">Letters and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_School_of_Medicine_and_Public_Health" title="University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health">Medicine and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_School_of_Music" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Music">Music</a></li> <li><a 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La Follette School of Public Affairs">Public Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BascomHill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/BascomHill.JPG/250px-BascomHill.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/BascomHill.JPG/330px-BascomHill.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_Woods" title="Abraham's Woods">Abraham's Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Hall_(Madison,_Wisconsin)" title="Agriculture Hall (Madison, Wisconsin)">Agriculture Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Centennial_Gardens" title="Allen Centennial Gardens">Allen Centennial Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Arboretum" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bascom_Hill" title="Bascom Hill">Bascom Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlin_Hall" title="Chamberlin Hall">Chamberlin Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazen_Museum_of_Art" title="Chazen Museum of Art">Chazen Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Dairy_Barn" title="University of Wisconsin Dairy Barn">Dairy Barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLuca_Biochemistry_Building" title="DeLuca Biochemistry Building">DeLuca Biochemistry Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UW%E2%80%93Madison_Geology_Museum" title="UW–Madison Geology Museum">Geology Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Heating_Station" title="Agricultural Heating Station">Heating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mendota" title="Lake Mendota">Lake Mendota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_Lakeshore_Nature_Preserve" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison Lakeshore Nature Preserve">Lakeshore Nature Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lathrop_Hall" title="Lathrop Hall">Lathrop Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Madison_Law_Building" title="University of Wisconsin Madison Law Building">Law Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Union_(University_of_Wisconsin-Madison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Union (University of Wisconsin-Madison)">Memorial Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hall_(University_of_Wisconsin)" title="North Hall (University of Wisconsin)">North Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff_Observatory" title="Pine Bluff Observatory">Pine Bluff Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Science_and_Engineering_Center" title="Space Science and Engineering Center">Space Science and Engineering Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Armory_and_Gymnasium" title="University of Wisconsin Armory and Gymnasium">Red Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Science_Hall" title="University of Wisconsin Science Hall">Science Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Madison)" title="State Street (Madison)">State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Pavilion" title="Stock Pavilion">Stock Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchrotron_Radiation_Center" title="Synchrotron Radiation Center">Synchrotron Radiation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_South_(Wisconsin)" title="Union South (Wisconsin)">Union South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washburn_Observatory" title="Washburn Observatory">Washburn Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinert_Center" title="Weinert Center">Weinert Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Union_Theater" title="Wisconsin Union Theater">Wisconsin Union Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers" title="Wisconsin Badgers"><span style="color:white">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_baseball" title="Wisconsin Badgers baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li>Basketball (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_basketball" title="Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women%27s_basketball" title="Wisconsin Badgers women's basketball">Women's</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_Crew" title="Wisconsin Badgers Crew">Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_football" title="Wisconsin Badgers football">Football</a></li> <li>Ice hockey (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women%27s_ice_hockey" title="Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey">Women's</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_soccer" title="Wisconsin Badgers men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_softball" title="Wisconsin Badgers softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women%27s_volleyball" title="Wisconsin Badgers women's volleyball">Volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Randall_Stadium" title="Camp Randall Stadium">Camp Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Field_House" title="Wisconsin Field House">Field House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohl_Center" title="Kohl Center">Kohl Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaBahn_Arena" title="LaBahn Arena">LaBahn Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Ridge_Golf_Course" title="University Ridge Golf Course">University Ridge Golf Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Badger" title="Bucky Badger">Bucky Badger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grateful_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Grateful Red">Grateful Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota%E2%80%93Wisconsin_football_rivalry" title="Minnesota–Wisconsin football rivalry">Paul Bunyan's Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%E2%80%93Wisconsin_football_rivalry" title="Iowa–Wisconsin football rivalry">Heartland Trophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Randall" title="Camp Randall">Camp Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Experimental_College" title="University of Wisconsin Experimental College">Experimental College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_and_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents and Chancellors of the University of Wisconsin–Madison">Past Chancellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifting_and_winnowing" title="Sifting and winnowing">Sifting and winnowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-grain_experiment" title="Single-grain experiment">Single-grain experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_of_Bacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab of Bacon">Slab of Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Hall_bombing" title="Sterling Hall bombing">Sterling Hall bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Assistants_Association" title="Teaching Assistants Association">Teaching Assistants Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHA_(AM)" title="WHA (AM)">WHA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisconsin Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Idea_Theatre" title="Wisconsin Idea Theatre">Wisconsin Idea Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_school" title="Wisconsin school">Wisconsin school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_School_(diplomatic_history)" title="Wisconsin School (diplomatic history)">Wisconsin School (diplomatic history)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Media and<br />publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Badger_Herald" title="The Badger Herald">The Badger Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Cardinal" title="The Daily Cardinal">The Daily Cardinal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Advancement_of_Scandinavian_Study" title="Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study">Scandinavian Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Press" title="Tandem Press">Tandem Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">UW Press</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wisconsin_Engineer" title="The Wisconsin Engineer">The Wisconsin Engineer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Law_Review" title="Wisconsin Law Review">Wisconsin Law Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSUM" title="WSUM">WSUM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">People</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_people" title="List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people">Alumni, faculty and staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_people_in_academics" title="List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people in academics">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison_people_in_athletics" title="List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people in athletics">Athletics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotron_(Wisconsin)" title="Biotron (Wisconsin)">Biotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UW_Carbone_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UW Carbone Cancer Center">Carbone Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Limnology" title="Center for Limnology">Center for Limnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Bioenergy_Research_Center" title="Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center">Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helically_Symmetric_Experiment" title="Helically Symmetric Experiment">Helically Symmetric Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cartography_Project" title="History of Cartography Project">History of Cartography Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory" title="IceCube Neutrino Observatory">IceCube Neutrino Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_in_action" title="Law in action">Law in Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Symmetric_Torus" title="Madison Symmetric Torus">Madison Symmetric Torus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McArdle_Laboratory" title="McArdle Laboratory">McArdle Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgridge_Institute_for_Research" title="Morgridge Institute for Research">Morgridge Institute for Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Toroidal_Experiment" title="Pegasus Toroidal Experiment">Pegasus Toroidal Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Hospital_and_Clinics" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics">UW Hospital & Clinics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaspan" title="Viaspan">Viaspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIYN_Consortium" title="WIYN Consortium">WIYN Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiCell" title="WiCell">WiCell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Alumni_Research_Foundation" title="Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation">Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Center_for_the_Advancement_of_Postsecondary_Education" title="Wisconsin Center for the Advancement of Postsecondary Education">WISCAPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Energy_Institute" title="Wisconsin Energy Institute">Wisconsin Energy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Institutes_for_Discovery" title="Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery">Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentally_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentally Sound">Fundamentally Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grateful_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Grateful Red">Grateful Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Hoofers" title="Wisconsin Hoofers">Hoofers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorology" title="Humorology">Humorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Shield_Society" title="Iron Shield Society">Iron Shield Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_Around" title="Jump Around">Jump Around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UW_MadHatters" class="mw-redirect" title="UW MadHatters">MadHatters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Marching_Band" title="University of Wisconsin Marching Band">Marching Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On,_Wisconsin!" title="On, Wisconsin!">On, Wisconsin!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varsity_(alma_mater_song)" title="Varsity (alma mater song)">Varsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Film_Festival" title="Wisconsin Film Festival">Wisconsin Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Union" title="Wisconsin Union">Wisconsin Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_System" title="University of Wisconsin System">University of Wisconsin System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_at_Home_(1979_film)" title="The War at Home (1979 film)"><i>The War at Home</i> (documentary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C5050C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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