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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failover_Clustering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Failover Clustering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failover_Clustering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disk_management_and_file_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disk_management_and_file_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Disk management and file storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disk_management_and_file_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyper-V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyper-V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Hyper-V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyper-V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_System_Resource_Manager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_System_Resource_Manager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Windows System Resource Manager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_System_Resource_Manager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Server_Manager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Server_Manager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Server Manager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Server_Manager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocol_and_cryptography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol_and_cryptography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Protocol and cryptography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocol_and_cryptography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removed_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removed_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Removed features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removed_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>System requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scalability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scalability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scalability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scalability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Updates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Updates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Updates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Service_Pack_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_Pack_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Service Pack 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_Pack_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform_Update" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform_Update"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Platform Update</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platform_Update-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_Explorer_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_Explorer_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Internet Explorer 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_Explorer_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-.NET_Framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#.NET_Framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>.NET Framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-.NET_Framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TLS_1.1_and_1.2_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TLS_1.1_and_1.2_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TLS_1.1_and_1.2_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SHA-2_signing_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SHA-2_signing_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>SHA-2 signing support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SHA-2_signing_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monthly_update_rollups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monthly_update_rollups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Monthly update rollups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monthly_update_rollups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2008_R2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2008_R2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Windows Server 2008 R2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2008_R2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_lifecycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_lifecycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Support lifecycle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Support_lifecycle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Support lifecycle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Support_lifecycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paid_extended_updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paid_extended_updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Paid extended updates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paid_extended_updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows Server 2008</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B1_2008" title="ويندوز سيرفر 2008 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويندوز سيرفر 2008" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Server_2008" title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Server_2008" title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B8" title="ویندوز سرور ۲۰۰۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویندوز سرور ۲۰۰۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B0_%EC%84%9C%EB%B2%84_2008" title="윈도우 서버 2008 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈도우 서버 2008" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE" title="विंडोज़ सर्वर २००८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विंडोज़ सर्वर २००८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_2008" title="വിൻഡോസ് സെർവർ 2008 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻഡോസ് സെർവർ 2008" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AE" title="विंडोज सर्व्हर २००८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विंडोज सर्व्हर २००८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Server_2008" title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Microsoft Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_2008" title="වින්ඩෝස් සර්වර් 2008 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වින්ඩෝස් සර්වර් 2008" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_2008" title="வின்டோஸ் சேவர் 2008 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வின்டோஸ் சேவர் 2008" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_2008" title="วินโดวส์เซิร์ฟเวอร์ 2008 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วินโดวส์เซิร์ฟเวอร์ 2008" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Windows Server 2008" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Windows Server 2008" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Windows 08" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>.</span> <span>It is also not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>, codenamed "Windows Server 8".</span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Windows Server 2008</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Version of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> operating system</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png/220px-Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png/330px-Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png/440px-Windows_Server_2008_Logo_and_Wordmark.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="181" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_Server_2008.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Windows_Server_2008.png/300px-Windows_Server_2008.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Windows_Server_2008.png/450px-Windows_Server_2008.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Windows_Server_2008.png/600px-Windows_Server_2008.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows Server</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Closed-source</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available</a> (through <a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#RTM" title="Software release life cycle">Released to<br />manufacturing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 4, 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-02-04</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-RTM-presspass_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTM-presspass-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#General_availability_(GA)" title="Software release life cycle">General<br />availability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 27, 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-02-27</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-RTM-presspass_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTM-presspass-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Service Pack 2 with October 2024 monthly update rollup (6.0.6003.22918)<sup id="cite_ref-v6003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v6003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / October 8, 2024<span class="noprint">; 45 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-10-08</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data">Business</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">Windows Server Update Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_Center_Configuration_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="System Center Configuration Manager">SCCM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (and originally <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT#Kernel" title="Architecture of Windows NT">Windows NT kernel</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Windows shell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">Graphical</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">commercial software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> (2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> (2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080208061615/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/default.aspx">Windows Server 2008</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015<sup id="cite_ref-sup1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sup1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Extended support ended on January 14, 2020<sup id="cite_ref-sup1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sup1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br /><i>Paid updates; only for Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter volume licensed editions:</i><sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br />ESU (Extended Security Updates) support ended on January 10, 2023, for non-<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a> &<br /> January 9, 2024, for Azure.<sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sup1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sup1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">Grandfathered</a><sup id="cite_ref-PA2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Premium Assurance security update support until January 13, 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-PA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PA3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><br />See <a href="#Paid_extended_updates">§ Paid extended updates</a> for details.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="border-top:#a5eff5 5px solid">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Windows_Vista" title="Category:Windows Vista">a series of articles</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom:#a5eff5 5px solid"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e4e4f0ЯтХЖ"> New features</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_editions" title="Windows Vista editions">Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">New features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_Vista" title="List of features removed in Windows Vista">Removed features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Technical features new to Windows Vista">Technical and core system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Security and safety features new to Windows Vista">Security and safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_networking_technologies" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">Networking technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_I/O_technologies" title="Windows Vista I/O technologies">I/O technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Management features new to Windows Vista">Management and administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Windows_Vista_and_Windows_XP" title="Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP">Vista vs. XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista" title="Development of Windows Vista">Development history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e4e4f0ЯтХЖ"> Siblings</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windows Server 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.0" title="Windows Mobile 6.0">Windows Mobile 6.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.1" title="Windows Mobile 6.1">Windows Mobile 6.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.5" title="Windows Mobile 6.5">Windows Mobile 6.5</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Windows_Vista" title="Template:Windows Vista"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Windows_Vista" title="Template talk:Windows Vista"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Windows_Vista" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Windows Vista"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windows Server 2008</b>, codenamed "Longhorn Server", is the seventh release of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows Server</a> operating system produced by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> family of the operating systems. It was <a href="/wiki/Release_to_manufacture" class="mw-redirect" title="Release to manufacture">released to manufacturing</a> on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Derived from <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, Windows Server 2008 is the successor of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> and the predecessor to <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a>. It removed support for processors without <a href="/wiki/ACPI" title="ACPI">ACPI</a>, and is the first version that includes <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a>. </p><p>It is the last version of Windows Server that supports <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit processors</a> (<a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>). </p><p>As of July 2019, 60% of Windows servers were running Windows Server 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft had released <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> to <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">mixed reception</a>, and their <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">last Windows Server release</a> was based on <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>. The operating system's working title was <b>Windows Server Codename "Longhorn"</b>, but was later changed to <b>Windows Server 2008</b> when <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> announced it during his keynote address at <a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a> on May 16, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beta 1 was released on July 27, 2005; Beta 2 was announced and released on May 23, 2006, at WinHEC 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on April 25, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on September 24, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on December 5, 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially launched on the 27th of that month.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">Features new to Windows Vista</a></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 is built from the same codebase as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and thus it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the codebase is common, Windows Server 2008 inherits most of the <a href="/wiki/Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Technical features new to Windows Vista">technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Security and safety features new to Windows Vista">security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Management_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Management features new to Windows Vista">management and administrative</a> <a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">features new to Windows Vista</a> such as the rewritten <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_networking_technologies" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">networking stack</a> (native <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved <a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">image-based</a> installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; <a href="/wiki/Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Security and safety features new to Windows Vista">new security features</a> such as <a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization" title="Address space layout randomization">address space layout randomization</a> (ASLR); the improved <a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall#Windows_Vista" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a> with secure default configuration; <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 3.0">.NET Framework 3.0</a> technologies, specifically <a href="/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">Microsoft Message Queuing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Windows Workflow Foundation</a>; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as <a href="/wiki/Plug_and_Play" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug and Play">Plug and Play</a> devices to allow <a href="/wiki/Hot-plugging" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-plugging">hot-plugging</a> of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning – each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Server_Core">Server Core</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Server Core"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_2008_Server_Core.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Windows_2008_Server_Core.png/220px-Windows_2008_Server_Core.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Windows_2008_Server_Core.png/330px-Windows_2008_Server_Core.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Windows_2008_Server_Core.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Default <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> for Server Core. Because Server Core does not include a shell, programs such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a> use an embedded file dialog inherited from <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.x</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.1" title="Windows NT 3.1">Windows NT 3.1</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called <a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a>. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no <a href="/wiki/Windows_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Explorer">Windows Explorer</a> shell is installed. It also lacks <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, and many other non-essential features. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Microsoft Management Console</a> (MMC). <a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a> and some Control Panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available. </p><p>A Server Core installation can be configured for several basic roles, including the <a href="/wiki/Domain_controller_(Windows)" title="Domain controller (Windows)">domain controller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Domain_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Active Directory Domain Services">Active Directory Domain Services</a>), <a href="/wiki/Active_Directory#Lightweight_Directory_Services" title="Active Directory">Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services</a> (formerly known as Active Directory Application Mode<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/DNS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS Server">DNS Server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP server</a>, <a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">file server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Print_server" title="Print server">print server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Server</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">Internet Information Services</a> 7 web server and <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> virtual server roles. Server Core can also be used to create a <a href="/wiki/Computer_cluster" title="Computer cluster">cluster</a> with <a href="/wiki/High_availability" title="High availability">high availability</a> using <a href="/wiki/High-availability_cluster" title="High-availability cluster">failover clustering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">network load balancing</a>. </p><p>Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Attack_surface" title="Attack surface">attack surface</a> of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_Directory">Active Directory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Active Directory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Active Directory domain functionality that was retained from Windows Server 2003 was renamed to Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Federation_Services" title="Active Directory Federation Services">Active Directory Federation Services</a> (ADFS) enables enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use their company user name and password to log in on a client's network.</li> <li>Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly Active Directory Application Mode, or ADAM)</li> <li>Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) allow administrators to manage user accounts and the <a href="/wiki/Public_key_certificate" title="Public key certificate">digital certificates</a> that allow them to access certain services and systems. <i>Identity Integration Feature Pack</i> is included as <i>Active Directory Metadirectory Services</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active Directory Rights Management Services</a> (ADRMS)</li> <li>Read-only <a href="/wiki/Domain_controller_(Windows)" title="Domain controller (Windows)">domain controllers</a> (RODCs), intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a full domain controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Also, local administrators can be designated to log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the entire domain.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with <i>Server Core</i>. ADDS is implemented as a <i>Domain Controller Service</i> in Windows Server 2008.</li> <li>All of the <a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/Management_features_new_to_Windows_Vista#Group_Policy" title="Management features new to Windows Vista">improvements</a> from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Policy-based networking with <a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a>, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.</li> <li>Granular password settings within a single domain – ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a "group" and "user" basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failover_Clustering">Failover Clustering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Failover Clustering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Cluster_Server" title="Microsoft Cluster Server">Microsoft Cluster Server</a></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through <a href="/wiki/Failover_Clustering" class="mw-redirect" title="Failover Clustering">Failover Clustering</a>. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime. </p><p>In Windows Server 2008, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration. </p><p>This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disk_management_and_file_storage">Disk management and file storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disk management and file storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a> based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Recovery_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Recovery Environment">Windows Recovery Environment</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a> enhancements – SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several improvements to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Cluster_Server" title="Microsoft Cluster Server">Failover Clustering</a> (<a href="/wiki/High-availability_clusters" class="mw-redirect" title="High-availability clusters">high-availability clusters</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Internet Storage Naming Server (<a href="/wiki/ISNS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNS">iSNS</a>) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a> hard drives.</li> <li>Self-healing NTFS: In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> of an <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> volume, it marked the volume "dirty"; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down. <a href="/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology" title="Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology">S.M.A.R.T.</a> detection techniques were added to help determine when a hard disk may fail.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hyper-V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viridian_Architecture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viridian_Architecture.svg/220px-Viridian_Architecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viridian_Architecture.svg/330px-Viridian_Architecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viridian_Architecture.svg/440px-Viridian_Architecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Hyper-V architecture</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></div> <p>Hyper-V is <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Paravirtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravirtualization">virtualization</a> software, forming a core part of Microsoft's virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system's <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a <a href="/wiki/Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a> virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft's release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone variant of Hyper-V exists; this variant supports only x86-64 architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">MMC</a> snap-in for managing Hyper-V. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_System_Resource_Manager">Windows System Resource Manager</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Windows System Resource Manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">Windows System Resource Manager</a></div> <p>Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a <a href="/wiki/Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> or a user can use based on business priorities. <i>Process Matching Criteria</i>, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Server_Manager">Server Manager</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Server Manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the <i>Configure my server</i> dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, <i>Server Manager</i> gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocol_and_cryptography">Protocol and cryptography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Protocol and cryptography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Support for 128- and 256-bit <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES</a> encryption for the <a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)" title="Kerberos (protocol)">Kerberos authentication</a> protocol.</li> <li>New <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a> (CNG) API which supports <a href="/wiki/Elliptic-curve_cryptography" title="Elliptic-curve cryptography">elliptic-curve cryptography</a> and improved certificate management.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Socket_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol">Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol</a>, a new Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/VPN" class="mw-redirect" title="VPN">VPN</a> protocol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthIP" title="AuthIP">AuthIP</a>, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange" title="Internet Key Exchange">IKE</a> <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_protocol" title="Cryptographic protocol">cryptographic protocol</a> used in <a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a> <a href="/wiki/VPN" class="mw-redirect" title="VPN">VPN</a> networks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_networking_technologies#Server_Message_Block_2.0" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">Server Message Block 2.0</a> protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to <a href="/wiki/Network_share" class="mw-redirect" title="Network share">file shares</a> over high-latency links and better security through the use of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_authentication" title="Mutual authentication">mutual authentication</a> and message signing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fully componentized operating system.</li> <li>Improved <a href="/wiki/Software_hot_patch" class="mw-redirect" title="Software hot patch">hot patching</a>, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.</li> <li>Support for being booted from <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensible Firmware Interface">Extensible Firmware Interface</a> (EFI)-compliant firmware on <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> systems.</li> <li>Dynamic Hardware Partitioning supports hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a> (WDS) replacing Automated Deployment Services Windows Server 2008 home entertainment and <a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a>. Windows Deployment Services supports an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services#Internet_Information_Services_7.0" title="Internet Information Services">Internet Information Services 7</a> – Increased security, <a href="/wiki/Robocopy" title="Robocopy">Robocopy</a> deployment, improved diagnostic tools, <a href="/wiki/Delegated_administration" title="Delegated administration">delegated administration</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Internal_Database" title="Windows Internal Database">Windows Internal Database</a>, a variant of <a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_Express" title="SQL Server Express">SQL Server Express</a> 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">Windows System Resource Manager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_SharePoint_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows SharePoint Services">Windows SharePoint Services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">Windows Server Update Services</a>. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.</li> <li>An optional "desktop experience" component provides the same <a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Windows Aero</a> user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Removed_features">Removed features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Removed features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Features_removed_from_Windows_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Features removed from Windows Vista">Features removed from Windows Vista</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First" title="Open Shortest Path First">Open Shortest Path First</a> (OSPF) <a href="/wiki/Routing_protocol" title="Routing protocol">routing protocol</a> component in <a href="/wiki/Routing_and_Remote_Access_Service" title="Routing and Remote Access Service">Routing and Remote Access Service</a> was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-RemovedFeatures_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RemovedFeatures-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Services for <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>, which provided file and print sharing via the now deprecated <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> protocol, has been removed. Services for Macintosh were initially removed in Windows XP but were available in Windows Server 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-RemovedFeatures_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RemovedFeatures-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a> is replaced by Windows Server Backup, and no longer supports backing up to <a href="/wiki/Tape_drive" title="Tape drive">tape drives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of NTBackup removal, Exchange Server 2007 does not have volume snapshot backup functionality; however Exchange Server 2007 SP2 adds back an Exchange backup plug-in for Windows Server Backup which restores partial functionality.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Small_Business_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Small Business Server">Windows Small Business Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Essential_Business_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Essential Business Server">Windows Essential Business Server</a> both include this Exchange backup component.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP3</a> service has been removed from Internet Information Services 7.0.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a> (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) service is not available as a server role in IIS 7.0, it is a server feature managed through IIS 6.0.</li> <li>NNTP (<a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">Network News Transfer Protocol</a>) is no longer part of Internet Information Services 7.0.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReadyBoost" title="ReadyBoost">ReadyBoost</a>, which is available in Windows Vista, is not supported in Windows Server 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg/220px-Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg/330px-Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg/440px-Windows_Server_2008_Beta_3_DVD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption>Installation disc of Enterprise edition (beta 3)</figcaption></figure> <p>Most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> and <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> variants. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports <a href="/wiki/IA-64" title="IA-64">IA-64</a> processors. The IA-64 variant is optimized for high-workload scenarios like database servers and <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of Business">Line of Business</a> (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a <a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">file server</a> or <a href="/wiki/Media_server" title="Media server">media server</a>. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editions of Windows Server 2008 include:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Windows Server 2008 Foundation (codenamed "Lima"; x86-64) for OEMs only<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64)</li> <li>Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (IA-32 and x86-64)</li> <li>Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64)</li> <li>Windows Server 2008 for <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a>-based Systems (IA-64)</li> <li>Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_HPC_Server_2008" title="Windows HPC Server 2008">Windows HPC Server 2008</a> (codenamed "Socrates"; replacing <a href="/wiki/Windows_Compute_Cluster_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Compute Cluster Server">Windows Compute Cluster Server</a>)</li> <li>Windows Storage Server 2008 (codenamed "Magni"; IA-32 and x86-64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Small_Business_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Small Business Server">Windows Small Business Server</a> 2008 (codenamed "Cougar"; x86-64) for <a href="/wiki/Small_business" title="Small business">small businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Essential_Business_Server_2008" title="Windows Essential Business Server 2008">Windows Essential Business Server 2008</a> (codenamed "Centro"; x86-64) for medium-sized businesses<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – this edition was discontinued in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Imagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Imagine">Microsoft Imagine</a> program, known as DreamSpark at the time, used to provide verified students with the 32-bit variant of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, but the version has since then been removed. However, they still provide the R2 release. </p><p>The Server Core feature is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions. </p><p>Windows Server 2008 Foundation Released on May 21, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_requirements">System requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: System requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Criteria </th> <th colspan="2">2008 </th> <th colspan="2">2008 R2 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Minimum<sup id="cite_ref-msdn2.microsoft.com_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn2.microsoft.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Recommended<sup id="cite_ref-msdn2.microsoft.com_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn2.microsoft.com-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Minimum<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Recommended<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>CPU </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">1 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">GHz</a> (IA-32)</li><li style="text-align:center">1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium)</li></ul></div></td> <td>2 GHz or faster</td> <td>1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium)</td> <td>2 GHz or faster </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> </td> <td>512 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a></td> <td>2 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> or greater</td> <td>512 MB</td> <td>2 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> or greater </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">HDD</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Other editions, 32-bit: 20 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Other editions, 64-bit: 32 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Foundation: 10 GB<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td> <td>40 GB or greater </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Foundation: 10 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Other editions: 32 GB</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Foundation: 10 GB or greater</li><li style="text-align:center">Other editions: 32 GB or greater</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Devices </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/DVD_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD drive">DVD drive</a>, 800 × 600 or higher <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">display</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mouse</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scalability">Scalability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Scalability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 supports the following maximum hardware specifications:<sup id="cite_ref-winsupersite.com_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winsupersite.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-processormax_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processormax-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msdn-max-mem_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-max-mem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Specification </th> <th>Windows Server 2008 SP2</th> <th>Windows Server 2008 R2 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">Physical processors</a><br />("sockets")<sup id="cite_ref-processormax_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processormax-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Standard: 4</li><li style="text-align:center">Enterprise: 8</li><li style="text-align:center">Datacenter: 32</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Standard: 4</li><li style="text-align:center">Enterprise: 8</li><li style="text-align:center">Datacenter: 64</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Logical_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical processor">Logical processors</a><br />when <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> is disabled<sup id="cite_ref-processormax_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processormax-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>: 32</li><li style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/X64" class="mw-redirect" title="X64">x64</a>: 64</li></ul></div> </td> <td>256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Logical processors<br />when Hyper-V is enabled<sup id="cite_ref-processormax_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-processormax-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>: N/A</li><li style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/X64" class="mw-redirect" title="X64">x64</a>: 24</li></ul></div> </td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">Memory</a><br />on <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a><sup id="cite_ref-msdn-max-mem_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-max-mem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Standard, Web: 4 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Enterprise, Datacenter: 64 GB</li></ul></div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">Memory</a><br />on <a href="/wiki/X64" class="mw-redirect" title="X64">x64</a><sup id="cite_ref-msdn-max-mem_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-max-mem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Standard, Web: 32 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">HPC: 128 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Enterprise, Datacenter: 1 TB</li></ul></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-align:center">Foundation: 8 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Standard, Web: 32 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">HPC: 128 GB</li><li style="text-align:center">Enterprise, Datacenter: 2 TB</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">Memory</a><br />on <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a><sup id="cite_ref-msdn-max-mem_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msdn-max-mem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2">2 TB </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Updates">Updates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Updates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista#Updates" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista § Updates</a></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 shares most of its updates with <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>, given that the operating systems share a codebase. A workaround using the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Update_Catalog" title="Microsoft Update Catalog">Microsoft Update Catalog</a> allowed the installation of updates for Windows Server 2008 on Windows Vista,<sup id="cite_ref-vistaupdates_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vistaupdates-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding nearly 3 years of security updates to that operating system (Support for Windows Vista ended on April 11, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsVistaSupportPolicy_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsVistaSupportPolicy-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while support for Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_Pack_2">Service Pack 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Service Pack 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista#Service_Pack_2" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista § Service Pack 2</a></div> <p>The RTM release of Windows Server 2008 already includes the updates and fixes of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> Service Pack 1. </p><p>Service Pack 2 was initially announced on October 24, 2008<sup id="cite_ref-nash2008sp2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nash2008sp2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and released on May 26, 2009. Service Pack 2 added new features, such as Windows Search 4.0, support for Bluetooth 2.1, the ability to write to <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> discs, and simpler Wi-Fi configuration. Windows Server 2008 specifically received the final release of <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> 1.0, improved backwards compatibility with Terminal Server license keys and an approximate 10% reduction in power usage with this service pack.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share the same service pack update binary.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Platform_Update">Platform Update</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Platform Update"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 27, 2009, Microsoft released the Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. It <a href="/wiki/Backports" class="mw-redirect" title="Backports">backports</a> several APIs and libraries introduced in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, including the <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_(computing)" title="Ribbon (computing)">Ribbon</a> API, <a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a> 11, the XPS library, the Windows Automation API and the Portable Device Platform.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A supplemental update was released in 2011 to provide improvements and bug fixes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_Explorer_9">Internet Explorer 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Internet Explorer 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_9" title="Internet Explorer 9">Internet Explorer 9</a></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 shipped with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a>, the same version that shipped with Windows Vista. The last supported version of Internet Explorer for Windows Server 2008 was Internet Explorer 9, released in 2011. Internet Explorer 9 was continually updated with cumulative monthly update rollups until support for Internet Explorer 9 on Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IE9 continued to receive updates as long as the operating system was with Extended Security Updates until January 10, 2023 for non-Azure customers and January 9, 2024 for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a> customers respectively and January 2026 for Premium Assurance customers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=".NET_Framework">.NET Framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: .NET Framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The latest supported version of the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> officially is version 4.6, released on October 15, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TLS_1.1_and_1.2_support">TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2017, Microsoft released an update to add <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a> 1.1 and 1.2 support to Windows Server 2008, however it is disabled by default after installing the update.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SHA-2_signing_support">SHA-2 signing support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: SHA-2 signing support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in March 2019, Microsoft began transitioning to exclusively <a href="/wiki/Code_signing" title="Code signing">signing</a> Windows updates with the <a href="/wiki/SHA-2" title="SHA-2">SHA-2</a> algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows Server 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monthly_update_rollups">Monthly update rollups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Monthly update rollups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2018, Microsoft announced that they would be moving Windows Server 2008 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September 2018<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the <a href="/wiki/Patch_Tuesday" title="Patch Tuesday">second Tuesday of every month</a> until Windows Server 2008 reached its end of life – one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month's security and quality update rollup. </p><p>Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows Server 2008 on March 19, 2019, or any later released rollup package, will update the operating system kernel's build number from version 6.0.6002 to 6.0.6003. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding "version-related issues".<sup id="cite_ref-v6003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v6003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last free security update rollup packages were released on January 14, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Windows_Server_2008_R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2008 R2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a></div> <p>A second release of Windows Server 2008 based on Windows 7, <b>Windows Server 2008 R2</b>, was <a href="/wiki/Released_to_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Released to manufacturing">released to manufacturing</a> on July 22, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became <a href="/wiki/General_availability" class="mw-redirect" title="General availability">generally available</a> on October 22, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New features added in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, Internet Information Services 7.5 and support for up to 256 logical processors. It is the first server operating system by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors, while consumer-oriented versions of Windows maintained 32-bit support until <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> in 2021. It is also the final version of Windows Server that supports <a href="/wiki/IA-64" title="IA-64">IA-64</a>-based processors. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Service_pack" title="Service pack">service pack</a> for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, formally designed <b>Service Pack 1</b>, was released in February 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_lifecycle">Support lifecycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Support lifecycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 ended on July 12, 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-sup1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sup1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and users can no longer receive further security updates for the operating system. As a component of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 continued to be supported with security updates, lasting until January 14, 2020, the same respective end-of-life dates of its successor, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>. </p><p>Microsoft planned to end support for Windows Server 2008 on January 12, 2016. However, in order to give customers more time to migrate to newer Windows versions, particularly in developing or emerging markets, Microsoft decided to extend support to January 14, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paid_extended_updates">Paid extended updates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Paid extended updates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows Server 2008 was eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program. The program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system for three additional years, until January 10, 2023. The program was also included with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> purchases, and Azure customers received an extra year of support, until January 9, 2024. The licenses are paid for on a per-machine basis. If a user purchases an Extended Security Updates license in a later year of the program, they must pay for any previous years of Extended Security Updates as well.<sup id="cite_ref-tfosmark-1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tfosmark-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESU_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESU-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the ESU program becoming available, Windows Server 2008 was eligible for the now discontinued, paid Premium Assurance program (an add-on to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Software_Assurance" title="Microsoft Software Assurance">Microsoft Software Assurance</a>) available to volume license customers. Microsoft will, however, honor the program for customers who purchased it between March 2017 and July 2018 (while it was available). The program provides an extra six years of security update support, until January 13, 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-PA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PA2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PA3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSCat1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSCat1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This will mark the final end of all security updates for the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_6.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows NT 6.0">Windows NT 6.0</a> product line after 19 years, 2 months, and 5 days. </p><p>Paid extended updates are not available for <a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a> customers.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSCat1_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSCat1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep (security vulnerability)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions" title="Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions">Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_version_history" title="Microsoft Windows version history">Microsoft Windows version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operating_systems" title="List of operating systems">List of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Microsoft Servers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RTM-presspass-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RTM-presspass_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RTM-presspass_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.microsoft.com/2008/02/04/as-windows-server-2008-rtms-customers-and-partners-adopting-with-help-of-new-tools-training/">"As Windows Server 2008 RTMs, Customers and Partners Adopting with Help of New Tools, Training"</a>. <i>News Center</i>. <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_WA" class="mw-redirect" title="Redmond, WA">Redmond, WA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 4 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Center&rft.atitle=As+Windows+Server+2008+RTMs%2C+Customers+and+Partners+Adopting+with+Help+of+New+Tools%2C+Training&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.microsoft.com%2F2008%2F02%2F04%2Fas-windows-server-2008-rtms-customers-and-partners-adopting-with-help-of-new-tools-training%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v6003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v6003_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v6003_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/build-number-changing-to-6003-in-windows-server-2008-1335e4d4-c155-52eb-4a45-b85bd1909ca8">"Build number changing to 6003 in Windows Server 2008"</a>. <i>support.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Build+number+changing+to+6003+in+Windows+Server+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Ftopic%2Fbuild-number-changing-to-6003-in-windows-server-2008-1335e4d4-c155-52eb-4a45-b85bd1909ca8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2290070">"Windows Server 2008 SP2 Security Monthly Quality Rollup x64-based"</a>. Microsoft. October 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Server+2008+SP2+Security+Monthly+Quality+Rollup+x64-based&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2024-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.microsoft.com%2Ffwlink%2F%3Flinkid%3D2290070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sup1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sup1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sup1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sup1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sup1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2008">"Microsoft Product Lifecycle"</a>. <i>Support</i>. 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Microsoft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Experience+Blog&rft.atitle=Announcing+Availability+of+Windows+7+and+Windows+Server+2008+R2+SP1&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.windows.com%2Fwindowsexperience%2F2011%2F02%2F09%2Fannouncing-availability-of-windows-7-and-windows-server-2008-r2-sp1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESU-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESU_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2008">"Windows Server 2008 Product Lifecycle"</a>. Microsoft. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2022</span>. <q>18:55</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Server+2008+Product+Lifecycle&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2020-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flifecycle%2Fproducts%2Fwindows-server-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSCat1-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSCat1_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSCat1_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=2024-04%20windows%20server%202008">"Microsoft Update Catalog 2024-04"</a>. <i>catalog.update.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNet&rft.atitle=Changes+in+Functionality+from+Windows+Server+2003+with+SP1+to+Windows+Server+2008&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2F0e0d96cd-935b-48d0-b5ba-c70a979fadbc.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/kb/948680">"Description of the Microsoft server applications that are supported on Windows Server 2008"</a>. <i>Support</i>. Microsoft. 23 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Support&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+Microsoft+server+applications+that+are+supported+on+Windows+Server+2008&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F948680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb414778">"Windows Server 2008 System Requirements"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNet&rft.atitle=Windows+Server+2008+System+Requirements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindowsserver%2Fbb414778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendersonDvorak2008" class="citation web cs1">Henderson, Tom; Dvorak, Rand (21 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2008/022108-windows-2008-server-test.html">"Windows Server 2008: Faster, more manageable and secure, but still missing the virtual link"</a>. <i>Network World</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">IDG</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=Windows+Server+2008%3A+Faster%2C+more+manageable+and+secure%2C+but+still+missing+the+virtual+link&rft.date=2008-02-21&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Dvorak%2C+Rand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkworld.com%2Freviews%2F2008%2F022108-windows-2008-server-test.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadzikowski2010" class="citation web cs1">Radzikowski, Przemek (21 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508093652/http://capitalhead.com/articles/how-to-find-build-and-revision-number-of-windows-vista-or-windows-server-2008-installed.aspx">"How to Find Build and Revision Number of Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 Installed"</a>. <i>Capitalhead</i>. Capitalhead Pty. Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capitalhead.com/articles/how-to-find-build-and-revision-number-of-windows-vista-or-windows-server-2008-installed.aspx">the original</a> on 8 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capitalhead&rft.atitle=How+to+Find+Build+and+Revision+Number+of+Windows+Vista+or+Windows+Server+2008+Installed&rft.date=2010-02-21&rft.aulast=Radzikowski&rft.aufirst=Przemek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapitalhead.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-to-find-build-and-revision-number-of-windows-vista-or-windows-server-2008-installed.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanek2008" class="citation book cs1">Stanek, William (2008). <i>Windows Server 2008 Inside Out</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7356-2438-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7356-2438-2"><bdi>978-0-7356-2438-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Windows+Server+2008+Inside+Out&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7356-2438-2&rft.aulast=Stanek&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Server+2008" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Server_2008&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Windows 3.0">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">3.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Base <br /> releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.1" title="Windows NT 3.1">NT 3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.5" title="Windows NT 3.5">NT 3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.51" title="Windows NT 3.51">NT 3.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">NT 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">XP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition" title="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition">Pro x64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Media_Center_Edition" title="Windows XP Media Center Edition">Media Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">8</a> / <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows <br /> Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Server 2003</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Home_Server" title="Windows Home Server">Home Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Server 2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Essential_Business_Server_2008" title="Windows Essential Business Server 2008">EBS 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_HPC_Server_2008" title="Windows HPC Server 2008">HPC Server 2008</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Server 2008 R2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Home_Server_2011" title="Windows Home Server 2011">Home Server 2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Server 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Server 2012 R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Server 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Server 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">Server 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2025" title="Windows Server 2025">Server 2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br /> releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fundamentals_for_Legacy_PCs" title="Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs">Fundamentals for Legacy PCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">RT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">Preinstallation Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_MultiPoint_Server" title="Windows MultiPoint Server">MultiPoint Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_IoT" title="Windows IoT">Windows <br /> Embedded / <br /> Windows IoT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact" title="Windows Embedded Compact">Embedded <br /> Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CE_5.0" title="Windows CE 5.0">CE 5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_CE_6.0" title="Windows Embedded CE 6.0">Embedded CE 6.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact_7" title="Windows Embedded Compact 7">Embedded Compact 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Automotive" title="Windows Embedded Automotive">Embedded Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Industry" title="Windows Embedded Industry">Embedded Industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC_2000" title="Pocket PC 2000">Pocket PC 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC_2002" title="Pocket PC 2002">Pocket PC 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_2003" title="Windows Mobile 2003">Mobile 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_5.0" title="Windows Mobile 5.0">Mobile 5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.0" title="Windows Mobile 6.0">Mobile 6.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.1" title="Windows Mobile 6.1">Mobile 6.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.5" title="Windows Mobile 6.5">Mobile 6.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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href="/wiki/Windows_Odyssey" title="Windows Odyssey">Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Polaris">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10X" title="Windows 10X">10X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_95" title="Development of Windows 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_XP" title="Development of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista" title="Development of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li></ul></li> <li>Editions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_editions" title="Windows XP editions">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_editions" title="Windows Vista editions">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_7_editions" title="Windows 7 editions">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8_editions" title="Windows 8 editions">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11_editions" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 11 editions">11</a></li></ul></li> <li>New features <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_XP" title="Features new to Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_7" title="Features new to Windows 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_8" title="Features new to Windows 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_10" title="Features new to Windows 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_11" title="Features new to Windows 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li>Removed features <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_XP" title="List of features 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