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class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hyper-V" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hyper-V" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hyper-V_Server" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyper-V_Server"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hyper-V Server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyper-V_Server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>System requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supported_guests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supported_guests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Supported guests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supported_guests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Supported guests subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Supported_guests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2008_R2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2008_R2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Windows Server 2008 R2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2008_R2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Linux support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Windows Server 2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_R2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2012_R2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Windows Server 2012 R2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_R2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backward_compatibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backward_compatibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Backward compatibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backward_compatibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Limitations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Limitations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Limitations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Limitations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Audio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optical_drives_pass-through" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optical_drives_pass-through"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Optical drives pass-through</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optical_drives_pass-through-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VT-x/AMD-V_handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VT-x/AMD-V_handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>VT-x/AMD-V handling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VT-x/AMD-V_handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Client_operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Client_operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Client operating systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Client_operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feature_changes_per_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feature_changes_per_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Feature changes per version</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Feature_changes_per_version-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Feature changes per version subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Feature_changes_per_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2012_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Windows Server 2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_R2_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2012_R2_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Windows Server 2012 R2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2012_R2_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Windows Server 2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Windows Server 2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Windows Server 2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_Server_2025" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_Server_2025"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Windows Server 2025</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_Server_2025-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyper-V</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A" title="هايبر-في – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هايبر-في" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC-V" title="하이퍼-V – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이퍼-V" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Hyper-V" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11278#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Native hypervisor by Microsoft</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Hyper-V</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyper-V_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hyper-V_icon.png/120px-Hyper-V_icon.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hyper-V_icon.png/180px-Hyper-V_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hyper-V_icon.png/240px-Hyper-V_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png/220px-Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e9/Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png/330px-Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e9/Hyper-V_Windows_10_guest.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="237" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> Hyper-V guest virtual machine running inside a Windows 10 host</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">June 28, 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">June 28, 2008</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows Server</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> (x64; Pro, Enterprise and Education)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Virtual_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Virtual PC">Windows Virtual PC</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Native_hypervisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Native hypervisor">Native hypervisor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/">learn<wbr />.microsoft<wbr />.com<wbr />/en-us<wbr />/virtualization<wbr />/hyper-v-on-windows<wbr />/about<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hyper-V</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Native_hypervisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Native hypervisor">native hypervisor</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>; it can create <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a> on <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> systems running <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, Hyper-V superseded <a href="/wiki/Windows_Virtual_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Virtual PC">Windows Virtual PC</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">hardware virtualization</a> component of the client editions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Server_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Server computer">server computer</a> running Hyper-V can be configured to expose individual virtual machines to one or more networks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Codenamed <b>Viridian</b><sup id="cite_ref-mary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and briefly known before its release as <b>Windows Server Virtualization</b>, a beta version was shipped with certain x86-64 editions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>. The finalized version was released on June 26, 2008 and was delivered through <a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyper-V has since been released with every version of Windows Server starting with version <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">2012</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-standaloneofficialpage_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standaloneofficialpage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lessawfuldownloadpage_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lessawfuldownloadpage-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012officialpage_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012officialpage-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyper-V_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hyper-V_Logo.png/200px-Hyper-V_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hyper-V_Logo.png/300px-Hyper-V_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hyper-V_Logo.png/400px-Hyper-V_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="173" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Former Hyper-V logo</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_(2012-2016).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png/200px-Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png/300px-Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png/400px-Microsoft_Hyper-V_Server_wordmark_%282012-2016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Former Hyper-V Server wordmark</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Microsoft provides Hyper-V through two channels: </p> <ol><li>Part of Windows: Hyper-V is an optional component of Windows Server 2008 and later. It is also available in x64 <a href="/wiki/Stock_keeping_unit" title="Stock keeping unit">SKUs</a> of Pro and Enterprise editions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a>.</li> <li>Hyper-V Server: It is a <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> edition of Windows Server with limited functionality and Hyper-V component.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyper-V_Server">Hyper-V Server</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hyper-V Server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V Server 2008 was released on October 1, 2008. It consists of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008#Server_Core" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008 Server Core</a> and Hyper-V role; other Windows Server 2008 roles are disabled, and there are limited <a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Windows services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyper-V Server 2008 is limited to a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> used to configure the host OS, physical hardware, and software. A menu driven CLI interface and some freely downloadable script files simplify configuration. In addition, Hyper-V Server supports remote access via <a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a>. However, administration and configuration of the host OS and the guest virtual machines is generally done over the network, using either <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Microsoft Management Consoles</a> on another Windows computer or <a href="/wiki/System_Center_Virtual_Machine_Manager" title="System Center Virtual Machine Manager">System Center Virtual Machine Manager</a>. This allows much easier "point and click" configuration, and monitoring of the Hyper-V Server. </p><p>Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 (an edition of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a>) was made available in September 2009 and includes <a href="/wiki/Windows_PowerShell" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a> v2 for greater CLI control. Remote access to Hyper-V Server requires CLI configuration of network interfaces and Windows Firewall. Also using a Windows Vista PC to administer Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 is not fully supported. </p><p>Microsoft ended mainstream support of the free version of Hyper-V Server 2019 on January 9, 2024 and extended support will end on January 9, 2029.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyper-V Server 2019 will be the last version of the free, standalone product. Hyper-V is still available as a role in Windows Server 2022 and will be supported as long as that operating system is, currently scheduled for end of extended support on October 14, 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyper-V.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A block diagram of Hyper-V, showing a stack of four layers from hardware to user mode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hyper-V.png/450px-Hyper-V.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hyper-V.png/675px-Hyper-V.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hyper-V.png/900px-Hyper-V.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Hyper-V architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>Hyper-V implements isolation of virtual machines in terms of a <i>partition</i>. A partition is a logical unit of isolation, supported by the hypervisor, in which each guest <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> executes. There must be at least one <i>parent partition</i> in a hypervisor instance, running a supported version of <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>. The parent partition creates <i>child partitions</i> which host the guest OSs. The Virtualization Service Provider and Virtual Machine Management Service runs in the parent partition and provide support for child partition. A parent partition creates child partitions using the <i>hypercall</i> API, which is the <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> exposed by Hyper-V.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A child partition does not have access to the physical <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processor</a>, nor does it handle its real <a href="/wiki/Interrupt" title="Interrupt">interrupts</a>. Instead, it has a virtual view of the processor and runs in <i>Guest Virtual Address</i>, which, depending on the configuration of the hypervisor, might not necessarily be the entire <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual address space</a>. Depending on VM configuration, Hyper-V may expose only a subset of the processors to each partition. The hypervisor handles the interrupts to the processor, and redirects them to the respective partition using a logical <i>Synthetic Interrupt Controller</i> (SynIC). Hyper-V can hardware accelerate the address translation of Guest Virtual Address-spaces by using second level address translation provided by the CPU, referred to as <a href="/wiki/Extended_Page_Table" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended Page Table">EPT</a> on Intel and <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Virtualization_Indexing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Virtualization Indexing">RVI</a> (formerly NPT) on AMD. </p><p>Child partitions do not have direct access to hardware resources, but instead have a virtual view of the resources, in terms of <i>virtual devices</i>. Any request to the virtual devices is redirected via the <i>VMBus</i> to the devices in the parent partition, which will manage the requests. The VMBus is a logical channel which enables inter-partition communication. The response is also redirected via the VMBus. If the devices in the parent partition are also virtual devices, it will be redirected further until it reaches the parent partition, where it will gain access to the physical devices. Parent partitions run a <i>Virtualization Service Provider</i> (VSP), which connects to the VMBus and handles device access requests from child partitions. Child partition virtual devices internally run a <i>Virtualization Service Client</i> (VSC), which redirect the request to VSPs in the parent partition via the VMBus. This entire process is transparent to the guest OS. </p><p>Virtual devices can also take advantage of a Windows Server Virtualization feature, named <i>Enlightened I/O</i>, for storage, networking and graphics subsystems, among others. Enlightened I/O is a specialized virtualization-aware implementation of high level communication protocols, like <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a>, that allows bypassing any device emulation layer and takes advantage of VMBus directly. This makes the communication more efficient, but requires the guest OS to support Enlightened I/O. </p><p>Currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> only the following operating systems support Enlightened I/O, allowing them therefore to run faster as guest operating systems under Hyper-V than other operating systems that need to use slower emulated hardware: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> with a 3.4 or later kernel<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_requirements">System requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: System requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hyper-V role is only available in the <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> variants of Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and later, as well as the Pro, Enterprise and Education editions of <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and later. On Windows Server, it can be installed regardless of whether the installation is a full or core installation. In addition, Hyper-V can be made available as part of the Hyper-V Server operating system, which is a <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> edition of Windows Server.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either way, the host computer needs the following.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>CPU with the following technologies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NX_bit" title="NX bit">NX bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware-assisted virtualization">Hardware-assisted virtualization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intel_VT-x" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel VT-x">Intel VT-x</a> or <a href="/wiki/AMD-V" class="mw-redirect" title="AMD-V">AMD-V</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Level_Address_Translation" title="Second Level Address Translation">Second Level Address Translation</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> and later)<sup id="cite_ref-win8slat_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win8slat-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>At least 2 GB memory, in addition to what is assigned to each guest machine</li></ul> <p>The amount of memory assigned to virtual machines depends on the operating system: </p> <ul><li>Windows Server 2008 Standard supports up to 31 GB of memory for running VMs, plus 1 GB for the host OS.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard supports up to 32 GB, but the Enterprise and Datacenter editions support up to 2 TB.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 supports up to 1 TB.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2012 supports up to 4 TB.</li></ul> <p>The number of CPUs assigned to each virtual machine also depends on the OS: </p> <ul><li>Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 support 1, 2, or 4 CPUs per VM; the same applies to Hyper-V Server 2008 R2<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2012 supports up to 64 CPUs per VM</li></ul> <p>There is also a maximum for the number of concurrently active virtual machines. </p> <ul><li>Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 support 384 per server;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyper-V Server 2008 supports the same<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2012 supports 1024 per server; the same applies to Hyper-V Server 2012<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows Server 2016 supports 8000 per cluster and per node<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_guests">Supported guests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Supported guests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2008_R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2008 R2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table lists supported guest operating systems on <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> SP1.<sup id="cite_ref-Guests_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guests-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Guest operating system </th> <th colspan="2">Virtual CPUs </th></tr> <tr> <th>OS</th> <th>Editions</th> <th>Number</th> <th>Architecture </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a><sup id="cite_ref-W2K12_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W2K12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Hyper-V, Standard, Datacenter</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Home_Server_2011" title="Windows Home Server 2011">Windows Home Server 2011</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> SP1</td> <td>Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> SP2</td> <td>Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_R2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 R2">Windows Server 2003 R2</a> SP2</td> <td>Web,<sup id="cite_ref-web-ed_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-ed-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter</td> <td>1 or 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> SP4</td> <td>Professional, Server, Advanced Server</td> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a></td> <td>Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a></td> <td>Business, Enterprise, Ultimate</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> SP3</td> <td>Professional</td> <td>1 or 2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> SP2</td> <td>Professional, Professional x64 Edition</td> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> 10 SP4 or 11 SP1–SP3</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> 5.5–7.0</td> <td>Red Hat Compatible Kernel</td> <td>1–4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> 5.5–7.5</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> 12.04–20.04</td> <td>Debian Compatible Kernel</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> 7.0</td> <td>Debian Compatible Kernel</td> <td>1–4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a> 6.4</td> <td>Red Hat Compatible Kernel</td> <td>1–4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-W2K12-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W2K12_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windows Server 2012 is supported and runs only on a host system <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> RTM or SP1, with a hotfix applied.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web-ed-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-web-ed_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Web edition does not have an x64 version.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a> 8 or 9 are unsupported; however, they have been reported to run.<sup id="cite_ref-Guests_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guests-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Third-party support for <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 8.2 and later guests is provided by a partnership between <a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes both emulated and paravirtualized modes of operation, as well as several HyperV integration services.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop virtualization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Desktop_virtualization#VDI" title="Desktop virtualization">VDI</a>) products from third-party companies (such as <a href="/wiki/Quest_Software" title="Quest Software">Quest Software</a> vWorkspace, <a href="/wiki/Citrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrix">Citrix</a> XenDesktop, <a href="/wiki/Systancia" title="Systancia">Systancia</a> AppliDis Fusion<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ericom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ericom">Ericom</a> PowerTerm WebConnect) provide the ability to host and centrally manage desktop virtual machines in the data center while giving end users a full PC desktop experience. </p><p>Guest operating systems with <i>Enlightened I/O</i> and a <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a>-aware kernel such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and later server versions, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> SP1 and later clients and offerings from Citrix XenServer and Novell will be able to use the host resources better since VSC drivers in these guests communicate with the VSPs directly over VMBus.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-"enlightened" operating systems will run with emulated I/O;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, <i>integration components</i> (which include the VSC drivers) are available for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and Linux to achieve better performance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux_support">Linux support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Linux support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 20, 2009, Microsoft submitted Hyper-V drivers for inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft was required to submit the code when it was discovered that they had incorporated a Hyper-V network driver with GPL-licensed components statically linked to closed-source binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kernels beginning with 2.6.32 may include inbuilt Hyper-V paravirtualization support which improves the performance of virtual <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> guest systems in a Windows host environment. Hyper-V provides basic virtualization support for Linux guests out of the box. <a href="/wiki/Paravirtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravirtualization">Paravirtualization</a> support requires installing the Linux Integration Components or Satori InputVSC drivers. <a href="/wiki/Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a>-enabled Linux guest distributions may also be paravirtualized in Hyper-V. As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Microsoft officially supported only <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE Linux</a> Enterprise Server 10 SP1/SP2 (x86 and x64) in this manner,<sup id="cite_ref-InfoWeek_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoWeek-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though any Xen-enabled Linux should be able to run. In February 2008, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> and Microsoft signed a virtualization pact for hypervisor interoperability with their respective server operating systems, to enable <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> 5 to be officially supported on Hyper-V.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2012">Windows Server 2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</a> changes the support list above as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-hyperv2012technetoverview_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyperv2012technetoverview-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 adds support for <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> (up to 32 CPUs) and Windows Server 2012 R2 (64 CPUs); Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2 adds support for <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> (32 CPUs) and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Windows Server 2016</a> (64 CPUs).</li> <li>Minimum supported version of CentOS is 6.0.</li> <li>Minimum supported version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is 5.7.</li> <li>Maximum number of supported CPUs for Windows Server and Linux operating systems is increased from four to 64.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2012_R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2012 R2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V on Windows Server 2012 R2 added the Generation 2 VM.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backward_compatibility">Backward compatibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Backward compatibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V, like <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Virtual_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Virtual PC">Windows Virtual PC</a>, saves each guest OS to a single virtual hard disk file. It supports the older <a href="/wiki/VHD_(file_format)" title="VHD (file format)">.vhd</a> format, as well as the newer <a href="/wiki/VHD_(file_format)#Virtual_Hard_Disk_(VHDX)" title="VHD (file format)">.vhdx</a>. Older .vhd files from Virtual Server 2005, Virtual PC 2004 and Virtual PC 2007 can be copied and used in Hyper-V, but any old virtual machine integration software (equivalents of Hyper-V Integration Services) must be removed from the virtual machine. After the migrated guest OS is configured and started using Hyper-V, the guest OS will detect changes to the (virtual) hardware. Installing "Hyper-V Integration Services" installs five services to improve performance, at the same time adding the new guest video and network card drivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V does not virtualize audio hardware. Before <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</a>, it was possible to work around this issue by connecting to the virtual machine with Remote Desktop Connection over a network connection and use its audio redirection feature.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 add the enhanced session mode which provides redirection without a network connection.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical_drives_pass-through">Optical drives pass-through</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Optical drives pass-through"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Optical drives virtualized in the guest VM are read-only.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officially Hyper-V does not support the host/root operating system's optical drives to pass-through in guest VMs. As a result, burning to discs, audio CDs, video CD/DVD-Video playback are not supported; however, a workaround exists using the <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a> protocol. Setting up an iSCSI target on the host machine with the optical drive can then be talked to by the standard Microsoft iSCSI initiator. Microsoft produces their own iSCSI Target software or alternative third party products can be used.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VT-x/AMD-V_handling"><span id="VT-x.2FAMD-V_handling"></span>VT-x/AMD-V handling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: VT-x/AMD-V handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V uses the VT-x on Intel or AMD-V on AMD <a href="/wiki/X86_virtualization" title="X86 virtualization">x86 virtualization</a>. Since Hyper-V is a <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor#Classification" title="Hypervisor">native hypervisor</a>, as long as it is installed, third-party software cannot use VT-x or AMD-V. For instance, the Intel HAXM Android device emulator (used by <a href="/wiki/Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a>) cannot run while Hyper-V is installed.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Client_operating_systems">Client operating systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Client operating systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V is also available in x64 SKUs of Windows 8, 8.1, 10 Pro, Enterprise, Education. The following features are not available on client versions of Windows:<sup id="cite_ref-client-vs-server_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-client-vs-server-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Live migration of virtual machines from one host to another</li> <li>Hyper-V Replica</li> <li>Virtual Fiber Channel</li> <li>SR-IOV networking</li> <li>Shared .VHDX</li></ul> <p>The following features are not available on server versions of Windows:<sup id="cite_ref-client-vs-server_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-client-vs-server-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Quick Create and the VM Gallery</li> <li>Default network (NAT switch)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feature_changes_per_version">Feature changes per version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Feature changes per version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2012_2">Windows Server 2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a> introduced many new features in Hyper-V.<sup id="cite_ref-2012officialpage_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012officialpage-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hyper-V Extensible Virtual Switch<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Network virtualization<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Multi-tenancy</li> <li>Storage Resource Pools</li> <li>.vhdx disk format supporting virtual hard disks as large as 64 TB<sup id="cite_ref-vhdxtechnet_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vhdxtechnet-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with power failure resiliency</li> <li>Virtual <a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li> <li>Offloaded data transfer</li> <li>Hyper-V replica<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cross-premises connectivity</li> <li>Cloud backup</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2012_R2_2">Windows Server 2012 R2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2012 R2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Windows Server 2012 R2 Microsoft introduced another set of new features.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Shared virtual hard disk<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Storage quality of service<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Generation 2 Virtual Machine<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enhanced session mode<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Automatic virtual machine activation<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2016">Windows Server 2016</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Windows Server 2016</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> 1607 adds<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nested_virtualization#NESTED" class="mw-redirect" title="Nested virtualization">Nested virtualization</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Intel processors only, both the host and guest instances of Hyper-V must be Windows Server 2016 or Windows 10 or later)</li> <li>Discrete Device Assignment (DDA), allowing direct pass-through of compatible <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> devices to guest Virtual Machines<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Windows containers (to achieve isolation at the app level rather than the OS level)</li> <li>Shielded VMs using <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-software-guard-extensions-remote-attestation-end-to-end-example#circle-of-trust">remote attestation servers</a></li> <li>Monitoring of host CPU resource utilization by guests and protection (limiting CPU usage by guests)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2019">Windows Server 2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Windows Server 2019</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> 1809 adds<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Shielded Virtual Machines improvements including Linux compatibility</li> <li>Virtual Machine Encrypted Networks</li> <li>vSwitch Receive Segment Coalescing</li> <li>Dynamic Virtual Machine Multi-Queue (d. VMMQ)</li> <li>Persistent Memory support</li> <li>Significant feature and performance improvements to Storage Spaces Direct and Failover Clustering</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2022">Windows Server 2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">Windows Server 2022</a> added:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>nested virtualization for AMD processors</li> <li>updated Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC) for virtual switches</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Server_2025">Windows Server 2025</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Windows Server 2025"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hyper-V in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">Windows Server 2022</a> changes:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Generation 2 is now the default option in the New Virtual Machine Wizard in Hyper-V Manager</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_8#Virtualization" title="Features new to Windows 8">Features new to Windows 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_disk_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual disk image">Virtual disk image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Remote_Web_Workplace" title="Microsoft Remote Web Workplace">Microsoft Remote Web Workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_server" title="Virtual private server">Virtual private server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Thurrott" class="citation web cs1">Paul Thurrott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011034732/http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/viridian_preview.asp">"Windows Server Virtualization Preview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/viridian_preview.asp">the original</a> on 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Server+Virtualization+Preview&rft.au=Paul+Thurrott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winsupersite.com%2Fshowcase%2Fviridian_preview.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mary_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100924135715/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/microsoft-to-ship-windows-server-2008-over-time-in-eight-flavors/935">"Microsoft to ship Windows Server 2008, over time, in eight flavors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/microsoft-to-ship-windows-server-2008-over-time-in-eight-flavors/935">the original</a> on 2010-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Microsoft+to+ship+Windows+Server+2008%2C+over+time%2C+in+eight+flavors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fmicrosoft%2Fmicrosoft-to-ship-windows-server-2008-over-time-in-eight-flavors%2F935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629055418/http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/archive/2008/06/26/hyper-v-rtm-announcement-available-today-from-the-microsoft-download-centre.aspx">"Announcement available from the Microsoft download centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.technet.com/jhoward/archive/2008/06/26/hyper-v-rtm-announcement-available-today-from-the-microsoft-download-centre.aspx">the original</a> on 2008-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcement+available+from+the+Microsoft+download+centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.com%2Fjhoward%2Farchive%2F2008%2F06%2F26%2Fhyper-v-rtm-announcement-available-today-from-the-microsoft-download-centre.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-standaloneofficialpage-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-standaloneofficialpage_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/hyper-v-server/default.aspx">"Microsoft Hyper-V Server"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Hyper-V+Server&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fserver-cloud%2Fhyper-v-server%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lessawfuldownloadpage-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lessawfuldownloadpage_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=20196">"Download: Microsoft® Hyper-V™ Server 2008 R2 SP1 - Microsoft Download Center - Download Details"</a>. <i>Microsoft.com</i>. 2011-12-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419062551/http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=20196">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+Center&rft.atitle=Try+Hyper-V+Server+2012+R2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fevalcenter%2Fevaluate-hyper-v-server-2012-r2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2008/oct08/10-01HyperVRTM08PR.mspx">"Microsoft Helps Customers Overcome Barriers to Virtualization and Get Virtual Now"</a>. <i>PressPass</i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Helps+Customers+Overcome+Barriers+to+Virtualization+and+Get+Virtual+Now&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fpresspass%2Fpress%2F2008%2Foct08%2F10-01HyperVRTM08PR.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/hyperv-server-2019">"Microsoft Lifecycle"</a>. <i>Hyper-V Server 2019 - Microsoft Lifecycle</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FreeBSD+and+Microsoft+Windows+Server+Hyper-V+support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freebsd.org%2FHyperV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814081020/https://www.microsoft.com/hyper-v-server/en/us/faq.aspx">"Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2: Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Microsoft.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/hyper-v-server/en/us/system-requirements.aspx">the original</a> on 14 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Hyper-V+Server%3A+System+Requirements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fhyper-v-server%2Fen%2Fus%2Fsystem-requirements.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-win8slat-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-win8slat_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurott,_Paul" class="citation web cs1">Thurott, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809224210/http://windowsitpro.com/windows-server-2012/q-will-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-require-processor-support-slat">"Q: Will Windows Server 2012 require the processor to support SLAT?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://windowsitpro.com/windows-server-2012/q-will-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-require-processor-support-slat">the original</a> on August 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%3A+Will+Windows+Server+2012+require+the+processor+to+support+SLAT%3F&rft.au=Thurott%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwindowsitpro.com%2Fwindows-server-2012%2Fq-will-windows-server-2012-hyper-v-require-processor-support-slat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366778.aspx#physical_memory_limits_windows_server_2008">"Memory Limits for Windows Releases (Windows)"</a>. <i>Msdn.microsoft.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620072222/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa366778.aspx#physical_memory_limits_windows_server_2008">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Msdn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Memory+Limits+for+Windows+Releases+%28Windows%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Faa366778.aspx%23physical_memory_limits_windows_server_2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/system-requirements.aspx">"Microsoft Windows Server 2008 System Requirements"</a>. <i>Microsoft.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612194218/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/system-requirements.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Windows+Server+2008+System+Requirements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fwindowsserver2008%2Fen%2Fus%2Fsystem-requirements.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/servers/hyper-v-server/overview.mspx">"Microsoft Hyper-V Server: Overview"</a>. <i>Microsoft.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322234758/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/hyper-v-server/overview.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Hyper-V+Server%3A+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fservers%2Fhyper-v-server%2Foverview.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/7/8/578E035F-A1A8-4774-B404-317A7ABCF751/Competitive-Advantages-of-Hyper-V-Server-2012-over-VMware-vSphere-Hypervisor.pdf">"Hyper-V Server whitepaper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107032411/http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/7/8/578E035F-A1A8-4774-B404-317A7ABCF751/Competitive-Advantages-of-Hyper-V-Server-2012-over-VMware-vSphere-Hypervisor.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Microsoft. 16 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506021102/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc794868(WS.10).aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNet&rft.atitle=About+Virtual+Machines+and+Guest+Operating+Systems&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fcc794868%28WS.10%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/virtual_pc_guy/archive/2007/12/31/installing-fedora-core-8-on-hyper-v.aspx">"Installing Fedora Core 8 on Hyper-V - Ben Armstrong - Site Home - MSDN Blogs"</a>. <i>Blogs.msdn.com</i>. 2008-01-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210192504/http://blogs.msdn.com/virtual_pc_guy/archive/2007/12/31/installing-fedora-core-8-on-hyper-v.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blogs.msdn.com&rft.atitle=Installing+Fedora+Core+8+on+Hyper-V+-+Ben+Armstrong+-+Site+Home+-+MSDN+Blogs&rft.date=2008-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fvirtual_pc_guy%2Farchive%2F2007%2F12%2F31%2Finstalling-fedora-core-8-on-hyper-v.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheinberg2008" class="citation web cs1">Sheinberg, Brian (2008-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723103516/http://www.crn.com/software/206106715">"First Look: Fedora 9 Alpha, Running in Hyper-V Beta"</a>. <i>Crn.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freebsd.org&rft.atitle=HyperV+-+FreeBSD+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freebsd.org%2FHyperV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/News.aspx?productid=8851481F-71C3-4B2C-8CE8-4F8882343B42">"Systancia offers application and desktop virtualization in a single product"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNet&rft.atitle=Hyper-V+Virtual+Hard+Disk+Format+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fhh831446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReseller" class="citation web cs1">Reseller, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hyperv.veeam.com/hyper-v-replica-depth-5357/">"Hyper-V Replica in depth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Veeam_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Veeam Software">Veeam Software</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011928/http://hyperv.veeam.com/hyper-v-replica-depth-5357/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learn.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+Windows+Server+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows-server%2Fget-started%2Fwhats-new-windows-server-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ol><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs">"Hypervisor Top Level Functional Specification"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405165910/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hypervisor+Top+Level+Functional+Specification&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fvirtualization%2Fhyper-v-on-windows%2Freference%2Ftlfs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoens2013" class="citation web cs1">Koens, Dimitri (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dimensionit.tv/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Hyper-V-Quick-Reference-v2-00.pdf">"Hyper-V Quick Reference"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dimension IT TV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326212125/http://www.dimensionit.tv/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Hyper-V-Quick-Reference-v2-00.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hyper-V+Quick+Reference&rft.pub=Dimension+IT+TV&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Koens&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dimensionit.tv%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F11%2FHyper-V-Quick-Reference-v2-00.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2006" class="citation web cs1">Howard, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220113053/http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/archive/2006/06/14/winhec-2006-slides.aspx">"WinHEC 2006 Presentation slides"</a>. <i>Virtualization Blog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtualization+Blog&rft.atitle=WinHEC+2006+Presentation+slides&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.com%2Fb%2Fvirtualization%2Farchive%2F2006%2F06%2F14%2Fwinhec-2006-slides.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadzikowski2009" class="citation web cs1">Radzikowski, Przemek (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423073042/http://capitalhead.com/articles/benchmarking-hyper-v-on-windows-server-2008-r2-x64.aspx">"Benchmarking Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capitalhead.com/articles/benchmarking-hyper-v-on-windows-server-2008-r2-x64.aspx">the original</a> on 2017-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benchmarking+Hyper-V+on+Windows+Server+2008+R2+x64&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Radzikowski&rft.aufirst=Przemek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcapitalhead.com%2Farticles%2Fbenchmarking-hyper-v-on-windows-server-2008-r2-x64.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoseyZergerHenley2013" class="citation book cs1">Posey, Brien; Zerger, Pete; Henley, Chris (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413193323/http://hyperv.veeam.com/guide-posey-henley-zerger-understanding-hyper-v-in-windows-server-2012/"><i>The Hands-on Guide: Understanding Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Veeam_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Veeam Software">Veeam Software</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hyperv.veeam.com/guide-posey-henley-zerger-understanding-hyper-v-in-windows-server-2012/">the original</a> on 2014-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hands-on+Guide%3A+Understanding+Hyper-V+in+Windows+Server+2012&rft.pub=Veeam+Software&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Posey&rft.aufirst=Brien&rft.au=Zerger%2C+Pete&rft.au=Henley%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperv.veeam.com%2Fguide-posey-henley-zerger-understanding-hyper-v-in-windows-server-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyper-V" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyper-V&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Hyper-V" class="extiw" title="v:Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/hyper-v">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn800994.aspx">Virtualization Fabric Design Considerations Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/dd448604">Hyper-V</a> on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">Microsoft TechNet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capitalhead.com/articles/benchmarking-hyper-v-on-windows-server-2008-r2-x64.aspx">Benchmarking Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423073042/http://capitalhead.com/articles/benchmarking-hyper-v-on-windows-server-2008-r2-x64.aspx">Archived</a> 2017-04-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serhatakinci.com/?p=1559">Hyper-V Architecture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/windows-admin-center">Windows Admin Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hv-manager.org/">Hv Manager</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virtualization_software" title="Template:Virtualization software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virtualization_software" title="Template talk:Virtualization software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virtualization_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virtualization software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virtualization_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisors</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Domain_Environment_for_Operating_Systems" title="Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems">Adeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/CMS" title="CP/CMS">CP/CMS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OVirt" title="OVirt">oVirt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KubeVirt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KubeVirt (page does not exist)">KubeVirt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_VM_Server_for_SPARC" title="Oracle VM Server for SPARC">LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_partition" title="Logical partition">Logical partition</a> (LPAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LynxSecure" title="LynxSecure">LynxSecure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxmox_Virtual_Environment" title="Proxmox Virtual Environment">Proxmox VE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMMON" title="SIMMON">SIMMON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_ESXi" title="VMware ESXi">VMware ESXi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VMware_vSphere" title="VMware vSphere">VMware vSphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_Infrastructure" title="VMware Infrastructure">VMware Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="XenServer">XenServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCP-ng" title="XCP-ng">XCP-ng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XtratuM" title="XtratuM">XtratuM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_II" title="Basilisk II">Basilisk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochs" title="Bochs">Bochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">Cooperative Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOSEMU" title="DOSEMU">DOSEMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCem" class="mw-redirect" title="PCem">PCem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86Box" title="86Box">86Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheepShaver" title="SheepShaver">SheepShaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMH" title="SIMH">SIMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Win4Lin" title="Win4Lin">Win4Lin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhyve" title="Bhyve">bhyve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallels_Workstation" title="Parallels Workstation">Parallels Workstation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parallels_Workstation_Extreme" title="Parallels Workstation Extreme">Extreme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallels_Desktop_for_Mac" title="Parallels Desktop for Mac">Parallels Desktop for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallels_Server_for_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallels Server for Mac">Parallels Server for Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PearPC" title="PearPC">PearPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QEMU" title="QEMU">QEMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Iron" title="Virtual Iron">Virtual Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_PC" title="Virtual PC">Virtual PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_Fusion" title="VMware Fusion">VMware Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_Server" title="VMware Server">VMware Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_Workstation" title="VMware Workstation">VMware Workstation</a> (<a href="/wiki/VMware_Workstation_Player" title="VMware Workstation Player">Player</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Center_Virtual_Machine_Manager" title="System Center Virtual Machine Manager">System Center Virtual Machine Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virt-manager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">Operating<br />system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">FreeBSD jail</a></li> <li>iCore Virtual Accounts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXC" title="LXC">Linux Containers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_Containers" title="Solaris Containers">Solaris Containers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuozzo_(company)#Software" title="Virtuozzo (company)">Virtuozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workload_Partitions" title="Workload Partitions">Workload Partitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podman" title="Podman">Podman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lmctfy" title="Lmctfy">lmctfy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux#Overview" title="Container Linux">rkt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual kernel architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related kernel features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_Containers#Branded_zones" title="Solaris Containers">BrandZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_namespaces" title="Linux namespaces">namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBPF" title="EBPF">eBPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon ECS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Virtual_Desktops" title="Citrix Virtual Desktops">Citrix Virtual Desktops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_Horizon" title="VMware Horizon">VMware Horizon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceedo" title="Ceedo">Ceedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InstallFree" title="InstallFree">InstallFree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_App-V" title="Microsoft App-V">Microsoft App-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symantec_Workspace_Virtualization" title="Symantec Workspace Virtualization">Symantec Workspace Virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_(software)" title="Turbo (software)">Turbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware_ThinApp" title="VMware ThinApp">VMware ThinApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroVM" title="ZeroVM">ZeroVM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_virtualization" title="Network virtualization">Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Overlay_Virtual_Ethernet" title="Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet">Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet</a> (DOVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_VPN" title="Ethernet VPN">Ethernet VPN</a> (EVPN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulation" title="Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation">NVGRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch">Open vSwitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_security_switch" title="Virtual security switch">Virtual security switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Extensible_LAN" title="Virtual Extensible LAN">Virtual Extensible LAN</a> (VXLAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Network_Virtualization_Encapsulation" title="Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation">Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation</a> (GENEVE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueStacks" title="BlueStacks">BlueStacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_emulators" title="List of emulators">List of emulators</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators" title="List of computer system emulators">List of computer system emulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_Windows_components" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template talk:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_Windows_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">Microsoft Windows components</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">APIs</a></li> <li>Architecture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x" title="Architecture of Windows 9x">9x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT" title="Architecture of Windows NT">NT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br />tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Sports" title="MSN">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Services_for_UNIX" title="Print Services for UNIX">Print Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Dial-up" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN Dial-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br /><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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