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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="توم فولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توم فولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="توم فولی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توم فولی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_S._Foley" title="Thomas S. Foley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas S. Foley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B0_%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="톰 폴리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톰 폴리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="טום פולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טום פולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Foley" title="Thomas Foley – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Foley" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stephen_Foley" title="Thomas Stephen Foley – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Stephen Foley" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="توم فولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توم فولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="トーマス・フォーリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トーマス・フォーリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Фоли, Томас Стивен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фоли, Томас Стивен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tom Foley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Том Фолі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Том Фолі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q577751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1929–2013)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Connecticut gubernatorial candidate, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Foley" title="Thomas C. Foley">Thomas C. Foley</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Foley_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Thomas Foley (disambiguation)">Thomas Foley (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Tom Foley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_foley_(cropped)(b).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg/220px-Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg/330px-Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg/440px-Tom_foley_%28cropped%29%28b%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">49th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">25th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Japan">United States Ambassador to Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 19, 1997 – April 1, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Bill Clinton<br /><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Intelligence_Advisory_Board" title="President's Intelligence Advisory Board">President's Intelligence Advisory Board</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 16, 1996 – November 19, 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Bill Clinton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Rudman" title="Warren Rudman">Warren Rudman</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Warren Rudman</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_Leader" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Democratic Caucus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1987 – June 6, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Speaker</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jim Wright</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Whip</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">John Brademas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Tony Coelho</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">House Agriculture Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Poage" class="mw-redirect" title="William Poage">William Poage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kika_de_la_Garza" title="Kika de la Garza">Kika de la Garza</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Washington05 !"><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">5th</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Horan" title="Walt Horan">Walt Horan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Nethercutt" title="George Nethercutt">George Nethercutt</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thomas Stephen Foley</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-03-06</span>)</span>March 6, 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 18, 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-10-18)</span> (aged 84)<br />Washington, D.C., U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Heather Strachan</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Speaker_Tom_Foley_on_the_Death_of_Former_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.ogg" title="File:Speaker Tom Foley on the Death of Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.ogg">Tom Foley's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="92" data-mwtitle="Speaker_Tom_Foley_on_the_Death_of_Former_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Speaker_Tom_Foley_on_the_Death_of_Former_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Speaker_Tom_Foley_on_the_Death_of_Former_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.ogg/Speaker_Tom_Foley_on_the_Death_of_Former_First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Foley on the death of former First Lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a><br />Recorded May 23, 1994</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Stephen Foley</b> (March 6, 1929 – October 18, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">49th</a> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> from 1989 to 1995. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, Foley represented Washington's <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">fifth district</a> for thirty years <span class="nowrap">(1965–1995).</span> He was the first Speaker of the House in over a century since <a href="/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Galusha Grow</a> in <a href="/wiki/1862_and_1863_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1862 and 1863 United States House of Representatives elections">1862</a> to be defeated in a re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>, Foley attended <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a> and pursued a legal career, after graduating from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Law" title="University of Washington School of Law">University of Washington School of Law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. He joined the staff of Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a>, after working as a prosecutor and an assistant attorney general. With Jackson's support, Foley won election to the House of Representatives, defeating incumbent <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> Congressman <a href="/wiki/Walt_Horan" title="Walt Horan">Walt Horan</a>. He served as Majority Whip from 1981 to 1987, and as Majority Leader from 1987 to 1989. After the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a>, Foley became Speaker of the House. </p><p>Foley's district had become increasingly conservative during his tenure, but he won re-election throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1994">1994</a> election, Foley faced attorney <a href="/wiki/George_Nethercutt" title="George Nethercutt">George Nethercutt</a>. Nethercutt mobilized popular anger over Foley's opposition to <a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_the_United_States" title="Term limits in the United States">term limits</a>, which coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a>, leaving Foley as one of the highest-profile casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving the House, Foley served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Japan">United States Ambassador to Japan</a> from 1997 to 2001 under President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education,_and_legal_career"><span id="Early_life.2C_education.2C_and_legal_career"></span>Early life, education, and legal career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education, and legal career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>, Foley was the son of Helen Marie (née Higgins), a school teacher,<sup id="cite_ref-schsmad_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schsmad-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ralph E. Foley <span class="nowrap">(1900–1985),</span> a Superior Court judge for 34 years.<sup id="cite_ref-rfobt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfobt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a> descent on both sides of his family;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his grandfather Cornelius Foley was a maintenance foreman for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">Great Northern</a> railroad in <span class="nowrap">Spokane.<sup id="cite_ref-rfobt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfobt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p><p>Foley graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a>-run <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_Preparatory_School" title="Gonzaga Preparatory School">Gonzaga Preparatory School</a> in Spokane in 1946 and attended <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for three years; he completed his bachelor's degree at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> in Seattle, then attended its <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Law" title="University of Washington School of Law">School of Law</a> and was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree in 1957. </p><p>Following law school, Foley entered private practice. In 1958, he began working in the <a href="/wiki/Spokane_County,_Washington" title="Spokane County, Washington">Spokane County</a> prosecutor's office as a deputy <a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">prosecuting attorney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tf_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later taught at Gonzaga's <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University_School_of_Law" title="Gonzaga University School of Law">School of Law</a> (in Spokane) from 1958 to 1959. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Attorney General">state attorney general</a>'s office in 1961 as an assistant attorney general.<sup id="cite_ref-tf_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, Foley moved to Washington, D.C., and joined the staff of Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tf_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left Jackson's office in 1964 to run for Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-tf_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congressional_service">Congressional service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Congressional service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpeakerFoley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SpeakerFoley.jpg/220px-SpeakerFoley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SpeakerFoley.jpg/330px-SpeakerFoley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SpeakerFoley.jpg/440px-SpeakerFoley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Official congressional portrait of Foley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg/220px-Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg/330px-Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg/440px-Thomas_Stephen_Foley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait as chairman of the Agriculture Committee</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1964, Foley was unopposed for the Democratic nomination for Washington's <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">5th congressional seat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hfeatv_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hfeatv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included Spokane. He faced 11-term <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Walt_Horan" title="Walt Horan">Walt Horan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1964 United States House of Representatives elections">general election</a> and won by seven points, one of many swept into office in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_elections" title="1964 United States elections">1964 Democratic landslide</a>. He was re-elected without significant difficulty until 1978, when in a 3-person race, he won only 48% of the vote. Two years later, he narrowly defeated Republican candidate John Sonneland (52% to 48%). Though the fifth district became increasingly conservative, Foley didn't face serious opposition again until his defeat in <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1994 United States House of Representatives elections">1994</a>. Foley voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Passage_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day">bill</a> establishing <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holiday</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Restoration_Act_of_1987" title="Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987">Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987</a> (as well as to override <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">President Reagan</a>'s veto).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first term in the House, Foley was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Interior_and_Insular_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs">Interior and Insular Affairs Committee</a>. He served on the latter committee through 1975, when he became chairman of the Agriculture Committee. In 1981, when Foley was appointed <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority Whip</a>, he left the Agriculture Committee to serve on the House Administration Committee. Six years later, January 1987, he was elected House Majority Leader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_of_the_House">Speaker of the House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Speaker of the House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1989, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> resigned as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> (only the fourth speaker ever to resign) and from Congress amid a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States House Committee on Ethics">House Ethics Committee</a> investigation into his personal business dealings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the June 6 election to succeed Wright, Foley was the victor, receiving 251 votes; his Republican opponent, Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a>, received 164 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JenkinsStewart2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st Congress</a>, Foley presided over the House as it passed a landmark update to the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a>, measures protecting persons with disabilities, the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Individuals_with_Disabilities_Education_Act" title="Individuals with Disabilities Education Act">Individuals with Disabilities Education Act</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Budget_Enforcement_Act_of_1990" title="Budget Enforcement Act of 1990">Budget Enforcement Act of 1990</a>. The budget act, a part of the massive <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Budget_Reconciliation_Act_of_1990" title="Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990">Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990</a>, established the "<a href="/wiki/PAYGO" title="PAYGO">pay-as-you-go</a>" process for discretionary spending and taxes, and was signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> on November 5, 1990, contrary to his <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a> <a href="/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">campaign promise not to raise taxes</a>. This became a significant issue during the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 presidential campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAPO10182013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, the <a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd Congress</a> passed an <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Budget_Reconciliation_Act_of_1993" title="Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993">omnibus budget bill</a> through which the government was able to raise additional revenue and balance the federal budget. Signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> on August 10, 1993, the measure stirred controversy because of the tax increases it imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAPO10182013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Foley's leadership Congress also passed the <a href="/wiki/Family_and_Medical_Leave_Act_of_1993" title="Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993">Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAPO10182013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act">Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act</a> plus legislation that laid the groundwork for the "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a>" military service policy in 1993 which was then instituted by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton Administration</a> in 1994. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Term_limits">Term limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Term limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his time in the House, Foley repeatedly opposed efforts to impose <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limits</a> on Washington state's elected officials, winning the support of the state's voters to reject term limits in a 1991 referendum; however, in 1992, a term limit ballot initiative was approved by the state's voters.<sup id="cite_ref-tf_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foley brought suit, challenging the constitutionality of a state law setting eligibility requirements on federal offices. Foley won his suit, with a <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court">United States District Court</a> declaring that states did not have the authority under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> to limit the terms of federal officeholders.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in Foley's bid for a 16th term in the House, his <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> opponent, <a href="/wiki/George_Nethercutt" title="George Nethercutt">George Nethercutt</a>, used the issue against him, citing the caption of the federal case brought by Foley, "Foley against the People of the State of Washington". Nethercutt vowed that if elected, he would not serve more than three terms in the House, though he ultimately served for five. Foley lost in a narrow race. While Foley had usually relied on large margins in Spokane to carry him to victory, in 1994 he won Spokane by only 9,000 votes, while Nethercutt did well enough in the rest of the district to win overall by just under 4,000 votes. Since Foley left office, no Democrat has garnered more than 45 percent of the district's vote. </p><p>Foley became the first incumbent Speaker of the House to lose his bid for re-election since <a href="/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Galusha A. Grow</a> in 1862. He is sometimes viewed as a political casualty of the term limits controversy of the early 1990s. President Clinton attributed Foley's defeat to his support for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a> of 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1995 to 1998, Foley was head of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_City_Council" title="Federal City Council">Federal City Council</a>, a group of business, civic, education, and other leaders interested in economic development in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Foley was appointed as the 25th <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Japan">U.S. Ambassador to Japan</a> by President Bill Clinton,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was part of the US government response to the <a href="/wiki/Ehime_Maru_and_USS_Greeneville_collision" title="Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision">deaths of Japanese schoolchildren</a> caused by a US submarine. He served as ambassador until 2001. </p><p>Foley was a <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> delegate to the 2004 and 2012 Democratic National Conventions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On July 9, 2003, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Washington">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Locke" title="Gary Locke">Gary Locke</a> awarded the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Medal_of_Merit" title="Washington Medal of Merit">Washington Medal of Merit</a>, the state's highest honor, to Foley.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was North American Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Commission" title="Trilateral Commission">Trilateral Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trilateral_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trilateral-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foley died at his home in Washington, D.C. on October 18, 2013, following months of <a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">hospice</a> care after suffering a series of strokes and a bout with <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was 84 and was survived by his wife, Heather. Services were held at St. Aloysius Church at <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_University" title="Gonzaga University">Gonzaga University</a>, as well as in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaker <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, who had also served as Speaker, issued statements honoring Foley.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a White House statement, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> called Foley a "legend of the United States Congress" who "represented the people of Washington's 5th district with skill, dedication, and a deep commitment to improving the lives of those he was elected to serve.", going on to praise Foley for his bipartisanship and subsequent ambassadorial service under former President Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> also released an official statement, saying "Tom was a good friend and a dedicated public servant.", citing his work in Congress with Foley in the 1980s on budgetary issues.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> also released a statement, acknowledging Foley's efforts to reach consensus and emphasize mutual common ground, and his work in the legal system and in Congress. Former President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> stated that Foley "represented the very best in public service--and our political system" and "never got personal or burned bridges."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (UK).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Cross_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Cross of Merit">Order of Merit</a> (Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-trilateral_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trilateral-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> (France).<sup id="cite_ref-trilateral_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trilateral-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon</a> (Japan), 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-trilateral_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trilateral-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thomas S. Foley Institute for Public Policy and Public Service at <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a>. Established in 1995.</li> <li>Thomas S. Foley Memorial Highway (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_395_in_Washington" title="U.S. Route 395 in Washington">U.S. Route 395</a>), dedicated in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_elections">Congressional elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Congressional elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>November 3, 1964:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1964 United States House of Representatives elections">1964</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>84,830 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>53.45 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Horan" title="Walt Horan">Walt Horan</a>* </td> <td style="text-align:right">73,884 </td> <td style="text-align:right">46.55 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 8, 1966:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1966 United States House of Representatives elections">1966</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>74,571 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>56.54 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Dorothy R. Powers </td> <td style="text-align:right">57,310 </td> <td style="text-align:right">43.46 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 5, 1968:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">1968</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>88,446 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>56.79 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Bond">Richard Bond</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">67,304 </td> <td style="text-align:right">43.21 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 3, 1970:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1970 United States House of Representatives elections">1970</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>88,189 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>67.03 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">George Gamble </td> <td style="text-align:right">43,376 </td> <td style="text-align:right">32.97 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 7, 1972:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1972 United States House of Representatives elections">1972</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>150,580 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>81.25 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Clarice Privette </td> <td style="text-align:right">34,742 </td> <td style="text-align:right">18.75 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 5, 1974:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1974 United States House of Representatives elections">1974</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>87.959 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>64.35 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Gary Gage </td> <td style="text-align:right">48,739 </td> <td style="text-align:right">35.66 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 2, 1976:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections">1976</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>120,415 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>58.01 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Duane Alton </td> <td style="text-align:right">84,262 </td> <td style="text-align:right">40.59 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#FED105;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td class="fn">D. E. Bear Sandahl </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,959 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.94 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#800000;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor</a> </td> <td class="fn">Ira Liebowitz </td> <td style="text-align:right">935 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.45 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 7, 1978:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>77,201 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>48.00 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Duane Alton </td> <td style="text-align:right">68,761 </td> <td style="text-align:right">42.75 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#DCDCDC;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Mel Tonasket </td> <td style="text-align:right">14,887 </td> <td style="text-align:right">9.26 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 4, 1980:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">1980</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>120,530 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>51.90 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">John Sonneland </td> <td style="text-align:right">111,705 </td> <td style="text-align:right">48.10 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 2, 1982:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1982 United States House of Representatives elections">1982</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>109,549 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>64.30 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">John Sonneland </td> <td style="text-align:right">60,816 </td> <td style="text-align:right">35.70 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 6, 1984:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1984 United States House of Representatives elections">1984</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>154,988 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>69.68 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Jack Hebner </td> <td style="text-align:right">67,438 </td> <td style="text-align:right">30.32 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 4, 1986:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1986 United States House of Representatives elections">1986</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>121,732 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>74.72 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Floyd Wakefield </td> <td style="text-align:right">41,179 </td> <td style="text-align:right">25.28 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 8, 1988:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1988 United States House of Representatives elections">1988</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>160,654 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>73.39 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Marlyn Derby </td> <td style="text-align:right">49,657 </td> <td style="text-align:right">23.61 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 6, 1990:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1990 United States House of Representatives elections">1990</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>110,234 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>68.81 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Marlyn Derby </td> <td style="text-align:right">49,965 </td> <td style="text-align:right">31.19 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 3, 1992:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">1992</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Tom Foley* </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>135,965 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>55.18 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">John Sonneland </td> <td style="text-align:right">110,443 </td> <td style="text-align:right">44.82 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>November 8, 1994:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> election, <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1994 United States House of Representatives elections">1994</a><br />* denotes incumbent     Source:<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/George_Nethercutt" title="George Nethercutt">George Nethercutt</a> </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>110,057 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>50.92 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td class="fn">Tom Foley* </td> <td style="text-align:right">106,074 </td> <td style="text-align:right">49.08 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_elections">Speaker elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Speaker elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June 6, 1989:</li></ul> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background:#f5f5f5">1989 intra-term <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> election – <a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JenkinsStewart2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #3333FF"> </td> <td style="width: 7em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 18em;"><b>Tom Foley (<a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>)</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>251</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>60.19%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E81B23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">164 </td> <td style="text-align:right">39.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Answered "<a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">present</a>"</i> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right">Total votes: </th> <th style="text-align:right">417 </th> <th style="text-align:right">100% </th></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <ul><li>January 3, 1991:</li></ul> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background:#f5f5f5">1991 <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> election – <a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JenkinsStewart2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRS-RL30857_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-RL30857-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #3333FF"> </td> <td style="width: 7em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 18em;"><b>Tom Foley (<a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>)</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>262</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>61.07%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E81B23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">165 </td> <td style="text-align:right">38.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Answered "<a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">present</a>"</i> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right">Total votes: </th> <th style="text-align:right">429 </th> <th style="text-align:right">100% </th></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <ul><li>January 5, 1993:</li></ul> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background:#f5f5f5">1993 <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> election – <a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JenkinsStewart2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRS-RL30857_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-RL30857-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #3333FF"> </td> <td style="width: 7em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 18em;"><b>Tom Foley (<a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>)</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>255</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>59.16%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #E81B23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right">174 </td> <td style="text-align:right">40.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Answered "<a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">present</a>"</i> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right">Total votes: </th> <th style="text-align:right">431 </th> <th style="text-align:right">100% </th></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLanger2013" class="citation news cs1">Langer, Emily (October 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/thomas-s-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84/2013/10/18/7d2c7df4-380d-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html">"Thomas S. Foley, former House speaker, dies at 84"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Thomas+S.+Foley%2C+former+House+speaker%2C+dies+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fthomas-s-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2F7d2c7df4-380d-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPost2013" class="citation web cs1">Post, The Washington Post | The Washington (October 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2013/10/18/thomas-foley-reluctant-but-powerful-leader-dies-at-84/">"Thomas Foley, reluctant but powerful leader, dies at 84"</a>. <i>The Denver Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Thomas+Foley%2C+reluctant+but+powerful+leader%2C+dies+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=The+Washington+Post+%7C+The+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fthomas-foley-reluctant-but-powerful-leader-dies-at-84%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2013/10/18/thomas-foley-reluctant-but-powerful-leader-dies-at-84/">"Thomas Foley, reluctant but powerful leader, dies at 84"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. October 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Thomas+Foley%2C+reluctant+but+powerful+leader%2C+dies+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fthomas-foley-reluctant-but-powerful-leader-dies-at-84%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schsmad-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schsmad_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0lhYAAAAIBAJ&pg=6927%2C697058">"House speaker's mother dies at 88"</a>. <i>Spokane Chronicle</i>. (Washington). January 5, 1990. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokane+Chronicle&rft.atitle=House+speaker%27s+mother+dies+at+88&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1990-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D0lhYAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6927%252C697058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfobt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfobt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfobt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-VhWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5326%2C995372">"Retired Judge Ralph Foley dead at 84"</a>. <i>Spokesman-Review</i>. Spokane, Washington. (obituary). April 17, 1985. p. A10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Retired+Judge+Ralph+Foley+dead+at+84&rft.pages=A10&rft.date=1985-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D-VhWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5326%252C995372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8703">"Foley, Thomas S. (1929-2013)"</a>. HistoryLink.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Foley&rft.place=Spokane%2C+Washington&rft.pub=The+Gonzaga+Bulletin&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gonzagabulletin.com%2Fimage_e19557a4-a81c-11e4-93ad-ef7020015e12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tf-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tf_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tf_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tf_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tf_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tf_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSong2013" class="citation news cs1">Song, Kyung M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+August+3%2C+1965&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=19201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt14%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-5-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf">"House – August 16, 1967"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i>. <b>113</b> (17). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 22778<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+August+16%2C+1967&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=22778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt17%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf">"House – April 10, 1968"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i>. <b>114</b> (8). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 9621<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+April+10%2C+1968&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=9621&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1968-pt8%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/h289">"TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS H.R. 3706, A BILL AMENDING TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE TO MAKE THE BIRTHDAY OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., A LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAY. (MOTION PASSED;2/3 REQUIRED)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+SUSPEND+THE+RULES+AND+PASS+H.R.+3706%2C+A+BILL+AMENDING+TITLE+5%2C+UNITED+STATES+CODE+TO+MAKE+THE+BIRTHDAY+OF+MARTIN+LUTHER+KING%2C+JR.%2C+A+LEGAL+PUBLIC+HOLIDAY.+%28MOTION+PASSED%3B2%2F3+REQUIRED%29.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F98-1983%2Fh289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/h506">"TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY- FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+S+557%2C+CIVIL+RIGHTS+RESTORATION+ACT%2C+A+BILL+TO+RESTORE+THE+BROAD+COVERAGE+AND+CLARIFY+FOUR+CIVIL+RIGHTS+LAWS+BY+PROVIDING+THAT+IF+ONE+PART+OF+AN+INSTITUTION+IS+FEDERALLY-+FUNDED%2C+THEN+THE+ENTIRE+INSTITUTION+MUST+NOT+DISCRIMINATE.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F100-1988%2Fh506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/h527">"TO PASS, OVER PRESIDENT REAGAN'S VETO, S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE BROAD COVERAGE OF FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY DECLARING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE. VETO OVERRIDDEN; TWO-THIRDS OF THOSE PRESENT VOTING IN FAVOR"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS%2C+OVER+PRESIDENT+REAGAN%27S+VETO%2C+S+557%2C+CIVIL+RIGHTS+RESTORATION+ACT%2C+A+BILL+TO+RESTORE+BROAD+COVERAGE+OF+FOUR+CIVIL+RIGHTS+LAWS+BY+DECLARING+THAT+IF+ONE+PART+OF+AN+INSTITUTION+RECEIVES+FEDERAL+FUNDS%2C+THEN+THE+ENTIRE+INSTITUTION+MUST+NOT+DISCRIMINATE.+VETO+OVERRIDDEN%3B+TWO-THIRDS+OF+THOSE+PRESENT+VOTING+IN+FAVOR.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F100-1988%2Fh527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Timothy R. (May 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jim-wright-texas-democrat-who-was-speaker-of-the-house-dies-at-92/2015/05/06/2b5d116c-f406-11e4-bcc4-e8141e5eb0c9_story.html">"Jim Wright, House speaker who resigned amid an ethics investigation, dies at 92"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jim+Wright%2C+House+speaker+who+resigned+amid+an+ethics+investigation%2C+dies+at+92&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Timothy+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjim-wright-texas-democrat-who-was-speaker-of-the-house-dies-at-92%2F2015%2F05%2F06%2F2b5d116c-f406-11e4-bcc4-e8141e5eb0c9_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JenkinsStewart2012-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JenkinsStewart2012_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsStewart2013" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Stewart, Charles (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YHlZCBqGvZIC"><i>Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11812-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11812-3"><bdi>978-0-691-11812-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+for+the+Speakership%3A+The+House+and+the+Rise+of+Party+Government&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11812-3&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Jeffery+A.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYHlZCBqGvZIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WAPO10182013-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WAPO10182013_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2013" class="citation news cs1">Langer, Emily (October 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/thomas-s-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84/2013/10/18/7d2c7df4-380d-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html">"Thomas S. Foley, former House speaker, dies at 84"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Thomas+S.+Foley%2C+former+House+speaker%2C+dies+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fthomas-s-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2F7d2c7df4-380d-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan1994" class="citation web cs1">Egan, Timonty (February 11, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/11/us/federal-judge-strikes-down-law-limiting-the-terms-of-lawmakers.html">"Federal Judge Strikes Down Law Limiting the Terms of Lawmakers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Federal+Judge+Strikes+Down+Law+Limiting+the+Terms+of+Lawmakers&rft.date=1994-02-11&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Timonty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F02%2F11%2Fus%2Ffederal-judge-strikes-down-law-limiting-the-terms-of-lawmakers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731021921/http://www.gunshopfinder.com/legislativenews/clinton8_1_04.html">"My Life"</a>. Vintage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gunshopfinder.com/legislativenews/clinton8_1_04.html">the original</a> on July 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+Life&rft.pub=Vintage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunshopfinder.com%2Flegislativenews%2Fclinton8_1_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2007" class="citation news cs1">King, Colbert I. (September 8, 2007). "Fred, Did We Really Know You?". <i>The Washington Post</i>. p. A15</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fred%2C+Did+We+Really+Know+You%3F&rft.pages=A15&rft.date=2007-09-08&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Colbert+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1997/06/30/tidbits.html">"Order in the House — and the Garage"</a>. <i>Washington Business Journal</i>. June 30, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Order+in+the+House+%E2%80%94+and+the+Garage&rft.date=1997-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fwashington%2Fstories%2F1997%2F06%2F30%2Ftidbits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130119032955/http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1997/b3526076.arc.htm">Commentary: "Is Tom Foley the Wrong Man to Send to Tokyo?"</a> <i>BusinessWeek.</i> May 12, 1997; Wudunn, Sheryl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02EFDA1F3AF93BA35757C0A96E958260&scp=1&sq=order+of+paulownia+flowers&st=nyt">"New U.S. Diplomat Tries to Speak Japan's Language,"</a> <i>New York Times.</i> April 8, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFram2013" class="citation web cs1">Fram, Alan (October 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keprtv.com/news/local/former-speaker-of-the-house-tom-foley-dies-at-84-11-14-2015-223129949">"Former Speaker of the House Tom Foley dies at 84"</a>. <i>keprtv.com</i>. The Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keprtv.com&rft.atitle=Former+Speaker+of+the+House+Tom+Foley+dies+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.aulast=Fram&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeprtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fformer-speaker-of-the-house-tom-foley-dies-at-84-11-14-2015-223129949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trilateral-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trilateral_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trilateral_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trilateral_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trilateral_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Commission" title="Trilateral Commission">Trilateral Commission</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trilateral.org/membship/bios/tf.htm">Foley, bio notes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224115622/http://www.trilateral.org/">Archived</a> February 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer2013" class="citation news cs1">Clymer, Adam (October 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/19/us/politics/thomas-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84.html">"Thomas Foley, House Speaker, Dies at 84; Democrat Urged Parties to Collaborate"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thomas+Foley%2C+House+Speaker%2C+Dies+at+84%3B+Democrat+Urged+Parties+to+Collaborate&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F19%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fthomas-foley-former-house-speaker-dies-at-84.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061905/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/tom-foley-former-speaker-of-the-us-house-dies-at-age-84/2013/10/18/5f928f76-380e-11e3-89db-8002ba99b894_story.html">"Tom Foley, former speaker of the US House, dies at age 84"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/tom-foley-former-speaker-of-the-us-house-dies-at-age-84/2013/10/18/5f928f76-380e-11e3-89db-8002ba99b894_story.html">the original</a> on October 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tom+Foley%2C+former+speaker+of+the+US+House%2C+dies+at+age+84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Ftom-foley-former-speaker-of-the-us-house-dies-at-age-84%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2F5f928f76-380e-11e3-89db-8002ba99b894_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/oct/18/tom-foley-former-speaker-dies/">"Former Speaker of the House Tom Foley dies at 84 - Spokesman.com - Oct. 18, 2013"</a>. Spokesman.com. October 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Speaker+of+the+House+Tom+Foley+dies+at+84+-+Spokesman.com+-+Oct.+18%2C+2013&rft.pub=Spokesman.com&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F2013%2Foct%2F18%2Ftom-foley-former-speaker-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Kludt2013" class="citation web cs1">Tom Kludt (October 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/boehner-pelosi-pay-tribute-to-former-speaker-foley">"Boehner, Pelosi Pay Tribute To Former Speaker Foley"</a>. Talkingpointsmemo.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boehner%2C+Pelosi+Pay+Tribute+To+Former+Speaker+Foley&rft.pub=Talkingpointsmemo.com&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.au=Tom+Kludt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftalkingpointsmemo.com%2Flivewire%2Fboehner-pelosi-pay-tribute-to-former-speaker-foley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/10/18/statement-president-passing-tom-foley">"Statement by the President on the Passing of Tom Foley"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. October 18, 2013 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+President+on+the+Passing+of+Tom+Foley&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fstatement-president-passing-tom-foley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/10/18/statement-vice-president-passing-tom-foley">"Statement by the Vice President on the Passing of Tom Foley"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. October 18, 2013 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+Vice+President+on+the+Passing+of+Tom+Foley&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fstatement-vice-president-passing-tom-foley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160208/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/10/18/former-house-speaker-tom-foley-dies-at-84/?hpt=hp_t2">"Former House Speaker Tom Foley dead at 84"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. October 18, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/10/18/former-house-speaker-tom-foley-dies-at-84/?hpt=hp_t2">the original</a> on October 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Former+House+Speaker+Tom+Foley+dead+at+84&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalticker.blogs.cnn.com%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2Fformer-house-speaker-tom-foley-dies-at-84%2F%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000239">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: FOLEY, Thomas Stephen, (1929 - 2013)</a>; Retrieved October 19, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XLmtL54gmCkC&q=tom+foley&pg=PA116">Tom Hayden, <i>Irish on the Inside: In Search of the Soul of Irish America</i>, p. 116</a>; Retrieved October 19, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeshais2018" class="citation news cs1">Deshais, Nicholas (August 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/aug/27/getting-there-say-hello-to-the-new-foley-highway/">"Say Hello to the new Foley Highway"</a>. <i>The Spokesman-Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Say+Hello+to+the+new+Foley+Highway&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.aulast=Deshais&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F2018%2Faug%2F27%2Fgetting-there-say-hello-to-the-new-foley-highway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=68426">"WA District 5 (1964)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281964%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D68426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=68425">"WA District 5 (1966)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281966%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D68425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=68424">"WA District 5 (1968)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281968%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D68424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55087">"WA District 5 (1970)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281970%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D55087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=55097">"WA District 5 (1972)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281972%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D55097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=33131">"WA District 5 (1974)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281974%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D33131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=31731">"WA District 5 (1976)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281976%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D31731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=53733">"WA District 5 (1978)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281978%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D53733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=50518">"WA District 5 (1980)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281980%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D50518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37446">"WA District 5 (1982)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281982%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D37446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=50526">"WA District 5 (1984)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281984%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D50526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=53794">"WA District 5 (1986)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281986%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D53794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37999">"WA District 5 (1988)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281988%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D37999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=34674">"WA District 5 (1990)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft.atitle=WA+District+5+%281990%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D34674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28454">"WA District 5 (1992)"</a>. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r101:./temp/~r101mp5yin">the original</a> on March 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record+%E2%80%93+101st+Congress%2C+1st+Session&rft.atitle=Election+of+the+Speaker+%28House+of+Representatives+%E2%80%93+June+06%2C+1989%29&rft.pages=H2282-2283&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2FC%3Fr101%3A.%2Ftemp%2F~r101mp5yin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRS-RL30857-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRS-RL30857_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRS-RL30857_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitshusenBeth2019" class="citation web cs1">Heitshusen, Valerie; Beth, Richard S. (January 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30857.pdf">"Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913–2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CRS Report for Congress</i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRS+Report+for+Congress&rft.atitle=Speakers+of+the+House%3A+Elections%2C+1913%E2%80%932019&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Heitshusen&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.au=Beth%2C+Richard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FRL30857.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/congressional-record/20160321163507/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r102:./temp/~r102qDlxoC">"Election of the Speaker (House of Representatives – January 03, 1991)"</a>. <i>Congressional Record – 102nd Congress, 1st Session</i>. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. H2–3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r102:./temp/~r102qDlxoC">the original</a> on March 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record+%E2%80%93+102nd+Congress%2C+1st+Session&rft.atitle=Election+of+the+Speaker+%28House+of+Representatives+%E2%80%93+January+03%2C+1991%29&rft.pages=H2-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2FC%3Fr102%3A.%2Ftemp%2F~r102qDlxoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/congressional-record/20160315200829/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r103:./temp/~r103JjYPds">"Election of the Speaker (House of Representatives – January 05, 1993)"</a>. <i>Congressional Record – 103rd Congress, 1st Session</i>. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. H2–3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/C?r103:./temp/~r103JjYPds">the original</a> on March 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record+%E2%80%93+103rd+Congress%2C+1st+Session&rft.atitle=Election+of+the+Speaker+%28House+of+Representatives+%E2%80%93+January+05%2C+1993%29&rft.pages=H2-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2FC%3Fr103%3A.%2Ftemp%2F~r103JjYPds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Foley&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressF000239" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000239">"Tom Foley (id: F000239)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Tom+Foley+%28id%3A+F000239%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DF000239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?3852">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Horan" title="Walt Horan">Walt Horan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Washington">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Washington's 5th congressional district">Washington's 5th congressional district</a> </b><br />1965–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Nethercutt" title="George Nethercutt">George Nethercutt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_R._Poage" title="William R. Poage">William Poage</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">House Agriculture Committee</a> </b><br />1975–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kika_de_la_Garza" title="Kika de la Garza">Kika de la Garza</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">John Brademas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Whip</a> </b><br />1981–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Tony Coelho</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a> </b><br />1987–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1990_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1990 State of the Union Address">1990</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George Mitchell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George Mitchell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1992_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1992 State of the Union Address">1992</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Bob Michel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> </b><br />1989–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Rudman" title="Warren Rudman">Warren Rudman</a><br />(Acting)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Intelligence_Advisory_Board" title="President's Intelligence Advisory Board">President's Intelligence Advisory Board</a> </b><br />1996–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Rudman" title="Warren Rudman">Warren Rudman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Japan">United States Ambassador to Japan</a> </b><br />1997–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National<br />conventions</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<i>None</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and<br />territorial<br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_speakers" title="Template:US House speakers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_speakers" title="Template talk:US House speakers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_speakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House speakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a> (1789–1791)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull_Jr." title="Jonathan Trumbull Jr.">Trumbull</a> (1791–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a> (1793–1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dayton" title="Jonathan Dayton">Dayton</a> (1795–1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1799–1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1801–1807)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1807–1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1811–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Cheves</a> (1814–1815)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1815–1820)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a> (1820–1821)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a> (1821–1823)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> (1823–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(politician)" title="John W. Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a> (1825–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1839–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_White_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John White (Kentucky politician)">White</a> (1841–1843)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a> (1847–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><span style="color:#D99FE8;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Pennington" title="William Pennington">Pennington</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow" title="Galusha A. Grow">Grow</a> (1861–1863)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a> (1863–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a> (1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a> (1869–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/J._Warren_Keifer" title="J. Warren Keifer">Keifer</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a> (1895–1899)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_B._Henderson" title="David B. Henderson">Henderson</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a> (1903–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1911–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a> (1925–1931)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1931–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1955–1961)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a> (1995–1999)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Hastert</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2007–2011)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a> (2011–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2019–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a> (2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></i> (2023, <i>pro tempore</i>)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Speaker_of_the_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="501" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#D99FE8;">▌</span> Know Nothing</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Category:Speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template talk:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wheeler_Mondell" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wheeler Mondell">Mondell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._Tilson" title="John Q. Tilson">Tilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Byrns_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph W. Byrns Sr.">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Armey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cantor" title="Eric Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template talk:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Democratic Party leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Majority_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_majority_whips" title="Template:US House majority whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_majority_whips" title="Template talk:US House majority whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_majority_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House majority whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Majority_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority whips of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Albertus_Tawney" class="mw-redirect" title="James Albertus Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbur_Dwight" title="John Wilbur Dwight">Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Montgomery Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">Knutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_Vestal" title="Albert Henry Vestal">Vestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDuffie" title="John McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Boland" title="Patrick J. Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ramspeck" title="Robert Ramspeck">Ramspeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">Arends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Priest" title="Percy Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">Arends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McFall" title="John J. McFall">McFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">Brademas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_III" title="William H. Gray III">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Emmer" title="Tom Emmer">Emmer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Template:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Template talk:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Democratic_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Democratic whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_whips_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_whips_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Party whips of the United States House of Representatives">Democratic Party whips of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tilghman_Lloyd" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tilghman Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Montgomery_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Montgomery Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Allan_Oldfield" class="mw-redirect" title="William Allan Oldfield">Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDuffie" title="John McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Boland" title="Patrick J. Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ramspeck" title="Robert Ramspeck">Ramspeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Priest" title="Percy Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McFall" title="John J. McFall">McFall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">Brademas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coelho" title="Tony Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_III" title="William H. Gray III">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">Bonior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template:US House Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Agriculture_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Agriculture_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Agriculture chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Agriculture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Forrest_(politician)" title="Thomas Forrest (politician)">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Butler" title="Josiah Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Van_Rensselaer" title="Stephen Van Rensselaer">Van Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Spencer" title="Ambrose Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Root" title="Erastus Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bockee" title="Abraham Bockee">Bockee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Deberry" title="Edmund Deberry">Deberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Anderson" title="Joseph H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_White_(New_York_politician)" title="Hugh White (New York politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Littlefield" title="Nathaniel Littlefield">Littlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Floyd" title="John G. Floyd">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Littleton_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Littleton Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Holloway" title="David P. Holloway">Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Whiteley" title="William G. Whiteley">Whiteley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Butterfield" title="Martin Butterfield">Butterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Lovejoy" title="Owen Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_J._Clay" title="Brutus J. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bidwell" title="John Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_E._Trowbridge" title="Rowland E. Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Wilson" title="John Thomas Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hays" title="Charles Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Caldwell" title="John Henry Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_W._Cutler" title="Augustus W. Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Covert" title="James W. Covert">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_K._Valentine" title="Edward K. Valentine">Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hatch" title="William H. Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Funston" title="Edward H. Funston">Funston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hatch" title="William H. Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth" title="James W. Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Scott" title="Charles Frederick Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lamb_(congressman)" title="John Lamb (congressman)">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Francis_Lever" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbury Francis Lever">Lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_N._Haugen" title="Gilbert N. Haugen">Haugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marvin_Jones" title="John Marvin Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">Fulmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Flannagan_Jr." title="John W. Flannagan Jr.">Flannagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_R._Hope" title="Clifford R. Hope">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_D._Cooley" title="Harold D. Cooley">Cooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_R._Hope" title="Clifford R. Hope">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_D._Cooley" title="Harold D. Cooley">Cooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Poage" title="William R. Poage">Poage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kika_de_la_Garza" title="Kika de la Garza">de la Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Roberts" title="Pat Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(Oregon_politician)" title="Bob Smith (Oregon politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Combest" title="Larry Combest">Combest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Goodlatte" title="Bob Goodlatte">Goodlatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collin_Peterson" title="Collin Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)" title="Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Conaway" title="Mike Conaway">Conaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collin_Peterson" title="Collin Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)" title="David Scott (Georgia politician)">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Thompson_(politician)" title="Glenn Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Japan" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Japan">United States ambassadors to Japan</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resident Minister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Pruyn" title="Robert H. Pruyn">Pruyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Van_Valkenburgh" title="Robert B. Van Valkenburgh">Van Valkenburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._DeLong" title="Charles E. DeLong">DeLong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary <br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._DeLong" title="Charles E. DeLong">DeLong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bingham" title="John Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Hubbard" title="Richard B. Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Swift" title="John Franklin Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Coombs_(politician)" title="Frank Coombs (politician)">Coombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Dun" title="Edwin Dun">Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Eliab_Buck" title="Alfred Eliab Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Carpenter_Griscom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd Carpenter Griscom">Griscom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Edward_Wright" title="Luke Edward Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Brien_(Michigan_politician)" title="Thomas J. O'Brien (Michigan politician)">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Page_Bryan" title="Charles Page Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larz_Anderson" title="Larz Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Guthrie" title="George W. Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_S._Morris" title="Roland S. Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Warren" title="Charles B. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Woods" title="Cyrus Woods">Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bancroft" title="Edgar Bancroft">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_MacVeagh" title="Charles MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richards_Castle_Jr." title="William Richards Castle Jr.">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Forbes" title="William Cameron Forbes">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grew" title="Joseph Grew">Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Daniel_Murphy" title="Robert Daniel Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_Allison" class="mw-redirect" title="John Moore Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur_II" title="Douglas MacArthur II">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_O._Reischauer" title="Edwin O. Reischauer">Reischauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._Alexis_Johnson" title="U. Alexis Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_H._Meyer" title="Armin H. Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Ingersoll" title="Robert S. Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Day_Hodgson" title="James Day Hodgson">Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Armacost" title="Michael Armacost">Armacost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Schieffer" title="Tom Schieffer">Schieffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roos" title="John Roos">Roos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Hagerty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Emanuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000067574173">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/91462022">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/237771/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmxV4hpvQxjBm3Y6Dfpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1259972399">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87870554">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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