Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a | Teme

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="hr"> <head> <title>Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a | Teme | Europski parlament</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a | Teme | Europski parlament"/> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a | Teme | Europski parlament"/> <meta itemprop="name" content="Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a | Teme | Europski parlament"/> <meta name="description" content="Saznajte više o uzrocima krčenja i propadanja šuma te kako novo zakonodavstvo EU-a ograničava uvoz robe proizvedene na takvom zemljištu."/> <meta property="og:description" content="Saznajte više o uzrocima krčenja i propadanja šuma te kako novo zakonodavstvo EU-a ograničava uvoz robe proizvedene na takvom zemljištu."/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Saznajte više o uzrocima krčenja i propadanja šuma te kako novo zakonodavstvo EU-a ograničava uvoz robe proizvedene na takvom zemljištu."/> <meta itemprop="description" 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<span class="sr-only">Povratak na stranicu</span> <span class="">Klimatske promjene</span> </a> </span> <span aria-current="page"> <span class="text-16px text-black-greydark font-bold"> <span class="sr-only">Current page :</span> <span class="">Uzroci krčenja šuma i reakcija EU-a</span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="block md:hidden pt-6 pb-8"> <span class="block relative"> <a class="block pl-4 text-16px text-blue-default font-bold" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/hr/topic/climate-change"> <span class="sr-only">Go back to page: </span> <span class="ep_name">Klimatske promjene</span> </a> <span class="before:block before:absolute before:top-1/2 before:translate-y-[-50%] before:left-0 before:rotate-[135deg] before:border-r-2 before:border-b-2 before:border-black-greydefault before:w-[6px] before:h-[6px]"></span> </span> </div> </nav> </div> <main role="main" id="website-body" class="pb-4"> <input type="hidden" id="webanalytic-id_chapters" value="topics"/> <input 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propadanja šuma te kako novo zakonodavstvo EU-a ograničava uvoz robe proizvedene na takvom zemljištu.</p> <div class="relative text-center"> <small class="infos flex flex-col justify-center items-center space-y-1 text-sm text-black-greydark"> <time datetime="26-10-2022">Objavljeno: 26-10-2022</time> <time class="" datetime="2024-11-19T10:55:00">Posljednji put ažurirano: 19-11-2024 - 10:55</time> <time datetime="PT6M" class="" >Vrijeme čitanja: 6 min</time> </small> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003_original.jpg"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cl.jpg" class="block mb-2" alt="pola slike prašuma pola agrikultura" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cs.jpg 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cm.jpg 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20221025PHT46003/20221025PHT46003-cl.jpg 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark">U nekim zemljama prašume se uništavaju kako bi se zemlja koristila za palmino ulje</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Stopa gubitka šuma diljem svijeta je, u najmanju ruku, zabrinjavajuća. Prema UN-ovoj Organizaciji za hranu i poljoprivredu (FAO), zbog <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca9825en/ca9825en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">krčenja između 1990. i 2020. nestalo je 420 milijuna hektara šuma</a>, što je područje veličine Europske unije.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Krčenje je uništavanje šuma kako bi se zemljište moglo koristiti za druge svrhe, dok se propadanje šuma odnosi na postupni proces uništavanja povezan s neodrživom sječom pri čemu šume gube svoja osnovna svojstva, kao što su veliki broj drveća i bioraznolikost.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Ovi procesi se odvijaju na području tri najveće prašume: Amazone (Južna Amerika), Konga (Središnja Afrika) i jugoistočne Azije. S druge strane, u Europskoj uniji se <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Forests,_forestry_and_logging#Economic_indicators_and_employment" target="_blank" rel="noopener">između 2000. i 2021. površina šuma povećala za 5,3 posto</a>.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Šume pokrivaju <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca8642en/CA8642EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">31 posto ukupne površine kopna</a> i područja su najveće biološke raznolikosti Zemlje. One također djeluju kao <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/headlines/society/20170711STO79506/klimatske-promjene-zdravim-sumama-protiv-emisija-staklenickih-plinova" target="_blank" rel="noopener">prirodni ponori ugljika</a>, apsorbiraju emisije CO2 iz atmosfere i osiguravaju neophodan izvor prihoda za <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0352&from=EN" target="_blank" rel="noopener">oko 25 posto svjetske populacije</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="uzroci-krenja-i-propadanja-uma-10">Uzroci krčenja i propadanja šuma</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Krčenje i propadanje šuma uglavnom su posljedice ljudskih aktivnosti i utječu na živote ljudi u cijelom svijetu. <br /><br /></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Industrijska poljoprivreda</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Poljoprivreda je glavni pokretač procesa krčenja šuma u svim regijama osim u Europi.<br /><br />Prema podacima Organizacije za hranu i poljoprivredu, glavni uzrok nestanka šuma je njihovo pretvaranje u zemljišta za usjeve, što je uzrokovalo najmanje <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/cb7449en/cb7449en.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">50 posto krčenja šuma na svjetskoj razini</a>, uglavnom za proizvodnju palminog ulja i soje, dok je ispaša životinja odgovorna za gotovo 40 posto.<br /><br />Krčenje šuma u Europi potaknuto je u 15 posto slučajeva pretvaranjem tla u poljoprivredno zemljište, a u 20 posto slučajeva za ispašu životinja. <br /><br /></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Urbanizacija</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Razvoj infrastrukture, uključujući gradnju i širenje cesta, predstavlja treći najveći uzrok krčenja šuma u svijetu (nešto više od 6 posto), dok je to glavni uzrok krčenja šuma u Europi.<br /><br /></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Iskorištavanje drvnih resursa</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Druge štetne aktivnosti povezane s ljudskim djelovanjem se odnose na eksploataciju drvnih resursa, što uključuje drvno gorivo te nezakonitu sječu.<br /><br /></p> <h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Klimatske promjene</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Klimatske promjene i ekstremni vremenski uvjeti poput požara, suša i poplava istovremeno su i uzrok i posljedica krčenja te propadanja šuma. Šume osiguravaju čist zrak, apsorbiraju CO2, reguliraju kruženje vode u prirodi, sprječavaju gubitak bioraznolikosti te sprječavaju eroziju tla.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Europska potrošnja robe proizvedene na iskrčenim područjima</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Veliki dio tropskih šuma prenamijenjenih za poljoprivredne svrhe koristi se za proizvodnju robe kojom se trguje na globalnoj razini.<br /><br /><strong>Potrošnja Europske unije odgovorna je za oko 10 posto svjetskog krčenja šuma</strong>, što se uglavnom odnosi na palmino ulje ili soju (više od dvije trećine).<br /><br />Prema <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/698925/EPRS_BRI(2022)698925_EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">procjeni Europske komisije</a>, glavni proizvodi koje EU uvozi iz iskrčenih šuma su:</p> <ul> <li>Palmino ulje: 34 posto</li> <li>Soja: 32,8 posto</li> <li>Drvo: 8,6 posto</li> <li>Kakao: 7,5 posto</li> <li>Kava: 7 posto</li> <li>Guma: 3,4 posto</li> <li>Kukuruz: 1,6 posto</li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2" id="nova-uredba-eua-o-zabrani-proizvoda-iz-iskrenih-podruja-8">Nova uredba EU-a o zabrani proizvoda iz iskrčenih područja</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><strong><br /></strong>Krčenje i propadanje šuma utječu na klimatske ciljeve EU-a, kao što su <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/headlines/society/20200618STO81513/zeleni-plan-kljuc-klimatski-neutralnog-i-odrzivog-eu-a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">borba protiv klimatskih promjena</a> i <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/headlines/society/20200109STO69929/gubitak-bioraznolikosti-zasto-se-trebamo-brinuti-i-koji-su-uzroci" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gubitak bioraznolikosti</a>, ali i na ljudska prava, mir i sigurnost. Zbog toga se EU nastoji boriti protiv gubitka šuma na svjetskoj razini.<br /><br />U srpnju 2021., Komisija je predstavila Novu strategiju EU-a za šume do 2030., čiji je cilj povećati količinu i kvalitetu šuma u Europskoj uniji te promaknuti njihovu ulogu u apsorpciji ugljika.<br /><br /></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">U travnju 2023. <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/press-room/20230414IPR80129/parlament-donio-novu-uredbu-za-suzbijanje-globalnog-krcenja-suma" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parlament je odobrio nova pravila</a> koja obvezuju tvrtke da provjere jesu li proizvodi koji se prodaju na europskom tržištu pridonijeli krčenju ili propadanju šuma u svijetu.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Pravila su se trebala primjenjivati od 30. prosinca 2024., ali u studenome 2024. <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/press-room/20241111IPR25340/zakonodavstvo-eu-a-o-krcenju-suma-parlament-zeli-godinu-dana-za-uskladivanje" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parlament je izglasao odgodu primjene za godinu dana.</a> Velika poduzeća trebaju se uskladiti s pravilima do 30. prosinca 2025., a mikropoduzeća i mala poduzeća do 30. lipnja 2026.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Što je obuhvaćeno novom uredbom?</h3> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Nova uredba odnosi se na sljedeće proizvode: palmino ulju, soju, kakao, kavu, stoku i drvo, kao i na derivate poput govedine, kože i proizvoda od tiskanog papira, namještaja, kozmetike i čokolade.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Tvrtke će također morati provjeriti jesu li ti proizvodi proizvedeni u skladu sa standardima ljudskih prava i osigurati poštovanje prava autohtonih naroda.</p> <br /> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Parlament je proširio definiciju krčenja šuma kako bi u nju uključio pretvaranje primarnih šuma ili šuma koje se prirodno obnavljaju u plantažne šume ili drugo šumovito zemljište.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h3 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-3">Sankcije</h3> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Zakonodavstvom EU-a o krčenju šuma zemlje se klasificiraju kao zemlje niskog, standardnog i visokog rizika. Za zemlje niskog rizika, tvrtke mogu provoditi pojednostavljene kontrole proizvoda kako bi se utvrdilo njihovo porijeklo.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"></p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Parlament je u studenome 2024. predložio uvođenje nove kategorije za zemlje bez rizika, a ona se odnosi na zemlje sa stabilnim ili rastućim šumskim površinama. Zahtjevi za proizvode koji dolaze iz tih zemalja bit će blaži.<br /><br />Ako tvrtke ne provedu kontrole, mogle bi biti kažnjene u iznosima do 4 posto svog ukupnog godišnjeg prometa u EU-u.</p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Izmjene pravila moraju potvrditi i Vijeće i Parlament.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Saznajte više o tome što Parlament radi po pitanju šuma:</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/headlines/eu-affairs/20201015STO89416/odrzivo-sumarstvo-zastupnici-zele-smanjiti-krcenje-suma" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Održivo šumarstvo: rad Parlamenta u borbi protiv krčenja šuma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/press-room/20220603IPR32133/fit-for-55-parliament-agrees-to-higher-eu-carbon-sink-ambitions-by-2030" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Klimatske promjene: bolja upotreba šuma za apsorpciju ugljika</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hr/headlines/society/20200519STO79422/kako-ocuvati-bioraznolikost-politika-eu-a-video" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kako očuvati biološku raznolikost: politika EU-a (video)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2020/659335/EPRS_ATA(2020)659335_EN.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Društveni i ekološki utjecaj palminog ulja</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 xxl:px-2"> <div data-component="sharing-options" class="mb-1 flex flex-col lg:flex-row lg:justify-between lg:items-center"> <div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row items-center"> <h2 class="text-16px font-bold text-center xm:text-left">Podijeli ovaj članak na:</h2> <ul class="flex py-4"> <li> <a target="_blank" 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