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.comment-content p, .comment-content table, .comment-content ul, .entry-content address, .entry-content blockquote, .entry-content datalist, .entry-content dl, .entry-content ol, .entry-content p, .entry-content table, .entry-content ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; } /*Buttons font and style*/ .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit], .blue-button { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2 em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1; text-transform: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit]:hover, .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit]:focus, .blue-button:hover, .blue-button:focus, .entry-content p a.blue-button:hover { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } .nav-links.archive-navigation .page-numbers { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; } .nav-links.archive-navigation a.page-numbers:hover, .nav-links.archive-navigation a.page-numbers:focus, .nav-links.archive-navigation .page-numbers.current { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2 em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1; text-transform: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit:hover, .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit:focus { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } /*Headers fonts and style*/ .header-widgetised-area .widget_text, #main-menu > ul > li > a, .entry-full-content .entry-author-data .author-name, .nav-links.post-navigation a .post-title, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author, .comments-area .comment-list .reply a, .comments-area .comment-form-comment label, .comments-area .comment-form-author label, 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class="cq-homeslider-contentcontainer "><div class="cq-homeslider-content"><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory</h4> The Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory’s research portfolio encompasses ocean, coastal, and atmospheric studies to ready the Nation for changes driven by weather, climate, and pressures on marine ecosystems.<br> <p></p></div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Improving Hurricane Forecasts</h4>We fly into storms to directly observe the processes that drive intensity change, employ new technology such as ocean gliders and unmanned aircraft to observe where humans cannot safely go, and get these observations into our evolving and improving hurricane models like the Hurricane Weather Research Forecast (HWRF) model to help NOAA provide the best forecasts possible. <p></p></div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Identifying Solutions for Coastal Ecosystems</h4>AOML takes an ecosystem-based approach to describing how the physical, chemical, and human environment is connected to and influences marine species. We consider impacts and relationships to coastal systems such as coral reefs, and economically important fish stocks managed by our NOAA and state partners, so that they can best manage resources. <p></p></div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Understanding the Global Carbon Cycle</h4>AOML works with our partners to describe the ocean’s role in the global carbon cycle. Using ships of opportunity, we monitor carbon as it moves between the ocean and the atmosphere. We also look at the impact of increasing amounts of carbon in the ocean, which causes ocean acidification.</div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Understanding the Ocean's Role in Climate & Weather</h4> AOML leverages data from its ocean observing systems to examine patterns of change in ocean features and how these patterns of change can explain, and even predict, severe weather events such as hurricanes. We also study how the ocean can influence seasonal patterns such as extreme temperatures and drought.</div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Maintaining Ocean Observing Systems</h4>AOML designs, optimizes, and maintains key ocean observing systems with global partners to monitor ocean currents and other properties. We study how ocean changes affect climate and marine ecosystems and build on the current state of knowledge by maintaining valuable, long-term datasets of ocean changes over time to improve earth system predictions.</div><div class="cq-homeslider-contentitem"><h4 class="cq-homeslider-title">Advancing Environmental Modeling</h4>Computer simulations of the natural world help inform decision making and save lives. We work closely with federal, university, and international communities to advance the state of hurricane modeling, inform sound economic investment in observing systems, and understand the impact of resource management decisions. <p></p></div></div><div class="cq-homeslider-navigation btn-medium"><div class="homeslider-navigation-prev"><i class="cq-homeslider-icon entypo-icon entypo-icon-left-open-big"></i></div><div class="homeslider-navigation-next"><i class="cq-homeslider-icon entypo-icon entypo-icon-right-open-big"></i></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_column-gap-10"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_column-gap-10"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md vc_hidden-sm"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Recent News</h1> </div> </div> <div class="vc_grid-container-wrapper vc_clearfix vc_grid-animation-fadeIn"> <div class="vc_grid-container vc_clearfix wpb_content_element vc_basic_grid" data-initial-loading-animation="fadeIn" data-vc-grid-settings='{"page_id":1041,"style":"all","action":"vc_get_vc_grid_data","shortcode_id":"1727808383252-0122bff2-07aa-5","tag":"vc_basic_grid"}' data-vc-request="/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" data-vc-post-id="1041" data-vc-public-nonce="0a095e4baa"> <style data-type="vc_shortcodes-custom-css">.vc_custom_1563545599262{background-image: url(/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}.vc_custom_1563541455898{background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}.vc_custom_1563541541329{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}.vc_custom_1563545653954{padding-top: 10px !important;}</style><div class="vc_grid vc_row vc_pageable-wrapper vc_hook_hover" data-vc-pageable-content="true"><div class="vc_pageable-slide-wrapper vc_clearfix" data-vc-grid-content="true"><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-12 vc_grid-item-zone-c-bottom"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/JasonDunion_ToddRichardsN42RFDavidHall-1024x576.jpg') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="Jason Dunion, Ph.D., stands over a P-3 Orion Hurricane Hunter research station in conversation with a fellow meteorologist analyzing data. Both researchers are sporting royal blue Hurricane Hunter flight suits while looking at data on computers and other intstruments." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/early-career-meteorologist-jason-dunion-is-a-recipient-of-the-pecase-award/" title="Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="Jason Dunion, Ph.D., stands over a P-3 Orion Hurricane Hunter research station in conversation with a fellow meteorologist analyzing data. Both researchers are sporting royal blue Hurricane Hunter flight suits while looking at data on computers and other intstruments." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-c"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-top"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align-"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><div style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;font-family:Roboto Condensed;font-weight:300;font-style:normal">Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award</div></div><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_date"><p style="text-align: left">February 19, 2025</p></div><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_excerpt"><div style="text-align: left"><p>Jason Dunion, Ph.D. – a Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) meteorologist affiliated with NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) – has been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the most prestigious award granted by the U.S. government to exceptional scientists and engineers in the early stages […]</p> </div></div><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d905180c:hover{color: #ffffff;background-color: ;border: none;background-position: 100% 0;}</style><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d905180c{color: #ffffff;border: none;background-color: ;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, 0%, 50%, 100%);background-image: linear-gradient(to right, 0%, 50%, 100%);-webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;transition: all .2s ease-in-out;background-size: 200% 100%;}</style><div class="vc_btn3-container hoverbutton vc_btn3-inline"><a data-vc-gradient-1="" data-vc-gradient-2="" class="vc_gitem-link vc_general vc_btn3 vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d905180c hoverbutton" a="" href="/early-career-meteorologist-jason-dunion-is-a-recipient-of-the-pecase-award/" title="Read Story">Read Story</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div 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class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align-"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h2 style="text-align: left"><a href="/early-career-meteorologist-jason-dunion-is-a-recipient-of-the-pecase-award/" class="vc_gitem-link" title="Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award">Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award</a></h2></div><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1669247380069 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_date"><p style="font-size: 10pt;color: #333333;text-align: left;font-family:Open Sans;font-weight:600;font-style:normal">February 19, 2025</p></div><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_excerpt"><div style="text-align: left"><a href="/early-career-meteorologist-jason-dunion-is-a-recipient-of-the-pecase-award/" class="vc_gitem-link" title="Early-career meteorologist, Jason Dunion, is a recipient of the prestigious PECASE award"><p>Jason Dunion, Ph.D. – a Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) meteorologist affiliated with NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) – has been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the most prestigious award granted by the U.S. government to exceptional scientists and engineers in the early stages […]</p> </a></div></div><div class="vc_btn3-container top-news-invisible vc_btn3-right vc_custom_1669400504437"><a onmouseleave="this.style.borderColor='#0085ca'; this.style.backgroundColor='transparent'; this.style.color='#0085ca'" onmouseenter="this.style.borderColor='#0085ca'; this.style.backgroundColor='#0085ca'; this.style.color='#ffffff';" style="border-color:#0085ca; color:#0085ca;" class="vc_gitem-link vc_general vc_btn3 vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-outline-custom top-news-invisible" a="" 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--smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">Innovation, insight and impact: groundbreaking research through the 2024 hurricane season</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc_custom_1582562931509 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Satellite_hurricanes2020_NOAA-1024x577.png') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="New NOAA research predicts an increase in active Atlantic hurricane seasons" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/new-noaa-research-predicts-an-increase-in-active-atlantic-hurricane-seasons/" title="New NOAA research predicts an increase in active Atlantic hurricane seasons" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="New NOAA research predicts an increase in active Atlantic hurricane seasons" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">New NOAA research predicts an increase in active Atlantic hurricane seasons</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc_custom_1582562931509 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screenshot-2024-10-29-at-2.54.07 PM-1024x765.png') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="Post doctoral researcher, Ashley Rossin, hangs off the back of a small white research boat. She is looking for coral gametes using a thick underwater flashlight. She wears a fluorescent pink skin-suit and a Yamaha engine is on her right. The Miami skyline is light up by the sunset in the background." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/aoml-take-action-photography-competition/" title="AOML Take Action Photography Competition" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="Post doctoral researcher, Ashley Rossin, hangs off the back of a small white research boat. She is looking for coral gametes using a thick underwater flashlight. She wears a fluorescent pink skin-suit and a Yamaha engine is on her right. The Miami skyline is light up by the sunset in the background." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">AOML Take Action Photography Competition</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc_custom_1582562931509 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Swarm-1-1024x576.jpg') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="Alt text: CGI image shows streamsondes falling through the atmosphere after being released from the aircraft. The sondes are depicted falling through clouds and taking measurements as they fall." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/unveiling-the-newest-hurricane-research-instrument-skyfora-streamsondes/" title="Unveiling the newest hurricane research instrument: Skyfora StreamSondes" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="Alt text: CGI image shows streamsondes falling through the atmosphere after being released from the aircraft. The sondes are depicted falling through clouds and taking measurements as they fall." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">Unveiling the newest hurricane research instrument: Skyfora StreamSondes</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc_custom_1582562931509 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Hero-Image-Intern-Story-1024x576.jpg') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="Panoramic image shows the Rosenstiel school, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory which is bisected by the Rickenbacker Causeway. The ocean and Miami skyline is in the background." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/collaborative-cruise-exposes-students-to-oceangoing-research/" title="Sailing into science: Collaborative cruise exposes students to oceangoing research" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="Panoramic image shows the Rosenstiel school, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory which is bisected by the Rickenbacker Causeway. The ocean and Miami skyline is in the background." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">Sailing into science: Collaborative cruise exposes students to oceangoing research</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div><div class="vc_grid-item vc_clearfix vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_grid-item-mini vc_clearfix "><div class="vc_gitem-animated-block vc_gitem-animate vc_gitem-animate-scaleIn" data-vc-animation="scaleIn"><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-a vc_custom_1582562931509 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto-4-3 lazyload" style="background-image:inherit;" data-bg-image="url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pacific-study-header-image-1024x577.png') !important"><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/vc/vc_gitem_image.png" alt="West-east near-surface current trend between 1993-2022. The blue colors show increased westward currents; red colors show increased eastward currents. The largest trends are observed in the central tropical Pacific Ocean (black box). Current velocity data from three equatorial moored buoys (yellow diamonds) provide a subsurface view on long-term upper-ocean current velocity trends." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"></div></div><div class="vc_gitem-zone vc_gitem-zone-b vc_custom_1563545599262 vc-gitem-zone-height-mode-auto vc_gitem-is-link"><a href="/study-reveals-acceleration-in-pacific-upper-ocean-circulation-over-past-30-years-impacting-global-weather-patterns/" title="Study reveals acceleration in Pacific upper-ocean circulation over past 30 years, impacting global weather patterns" class="vc_gitem-link vc-zone-link"></a><img decoding="async" class="vc_gitem-zone-img lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gradient.png?id=9503" alt="West-east near-surface current trend between 1993-2022. The blue colors show increased westward currents; red colors show increased eastward currents. The largest trends are observed in the central tropical Pacific Ocean (black box). Current velocity data from three equatorial moored buoys (yellow diamonds) provide a subsurface view on long-term upper-ocean current velocity trends." src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/901;"><div class="vc_gitem-zone-mini"><div class="vc_gitem_row vc_row vc_gitem-row-position-bottom"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 vc_gitem-col vc_gitem-col-align- vc_custom_1563541541329"><div class="vc_custom_heading vc_custom_1563545653954 vc_gitem-post-data vc_gitem-post-data-source-post_title"><h4 style="font-size: 18px;color: #ffffff;text-align: center">Study reveals acceleration in Pacific upper-ocean circulation over past 30 years, impacting global weather patterns</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_clearfix"></div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1612357823388 vc_column-gap-35"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Hurricane, Climate, Coastal and Ocean Research.</h1> </div> </div> <div class="cq-expandgrid cq-circular- cq-expandgrid- cq-expandgrid-avatar- cq-expandgrid-close-no cq-expandgrid-in3 " data-itemheight="" data-autoslide="no" data-itemsize="" data-transparentitem="" data-openfirst="yes" data-labelfontsize="" data-nocircular="" data-subfontsize="" data-scrollto="" data-scrolloffset="0"><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/globe-blue.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">ADVANCING</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">Environmental Modeling</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>Computer simulations of the natural world help inform decision making and save lives. We work closely with federal, academic, and international communities to advance the state of <a href="/hurricane-modeling-prediction/">hurricane modeling</a>, inform sound economic investment in <a href="/qosap-program/">observing systems</a>, and understand the impact of <a href="/ocean-chemistry-ecosystems-division/">resource management decisions</a>.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/blue-carbon.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">UNDERSTANDING</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">The Global Carbon Cycle</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>AOML works with our partners to describe the ocean’s role in the <a href="/ocean-chemistry-ecosystems-division/">global carbon cycle</a>. Using ships of opportunity, we monitor carbon as it moves between the ocean and the atmosphere. We also look at the impact of increasing amounts of carbon in the ocean, which causes <a href="/ocean-chemistry-ecosystems-division/">ocean acidification</a>.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Hurricane.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">IMPROVING</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">Hurricane Forecasts</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>We fly into storms to directly observe the processes that drive<a href="/hurricane-research-division/"> intensity change</a>, employ new technology such as <a href="/hurricane-glider-project/">ocean gliders</a> and unmanned aircraft to observe where humans cannot safely go, and get these observations into our evolving and improving hurricane models like the <a href="/hurricane-modeling-prediction/">Hurricane Weather Research Forecast (HWRF)</a> model to help NOAA provide the best forecasts possible.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cloud-blue2.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">UNDERSTANDING THE OCEAN'S ROLE</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">In Climate & Weather</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p class="p1">AOML leverages data from its ocean observing systems to examine<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>patterns of change in ocean features and how these patterns of change can explain, and even predict, severe weather events such as hurricanes. We also study how the ocean can influence seasonal patterns such as extreme temperatures and drought.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Buoy_Scaled.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">MAINTAINING</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">Ocean Observing Systems</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p class="p1">AOML designs, optimizes, and maintains key ocean observing systems with global partners to monitor ocean currents and other properties. We study how ocean changes affect climate and marine ecosystems and build on the current state of knowledge by maintaining valuable, long-term datasets of ocean changes over time to improve earth system predictions.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="image" data-avatar="/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/coralblue.svg" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#7f7f7f" data-subtitlecolor="#686868" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><div class="cq-expandgrid-avatar"></div><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">IDENTIFYING SOLUTIONS</span> <span class="cq-expandgrid-subtitle">For Coastal Ecosystems</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>AOML takes an <a href="/iea/">ecosystem-based approach</a> to describing how the physical, chemical, and human environment is connected to and influences marine species. We consider impacts and relationships to coastal systems such as <a href="/experimental-reef-lab/">coral reefs</a> and economically important<a href="/omics/"> fish stocks</a> managed by our NOAA and state partners, so that they can best manage resources.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1612358410581 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Our Research Makes an Impact</h1> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1612358417464 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="cq-skewbox square " data-autoslide="5" data-elementheight="600" data-titlesize="" data-labelsize=""><div class="cq-skewbox-item cq-skewbox-item-1 active"><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-left"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#0085ca"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Project: Monitoring the Ocean Improves Weather Forecasts</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">AOML plays a key role in collecting and maintaining sustained ocean observations that monitor the temperature and salinity of ocean features using drifters, Argo floats, XBTs, moorings, and other platforms.</p></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-right"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#28282a"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Impact: Adding Ocean Data from Directly Beneath a Storm Leads to More Accurate Hurricane Forecasts</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Unmanned Ocean Glider data improve our understanding of the current ocean state and are used to initialize hurricane models. Data from gliders passing under Hurricane Gonzalo improved the intensity forecast by one category on the Saffir Simpson Scale.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-item cq-skewbox-item-2"><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-left"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#0085ca"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Project: Monitoring Commercially Important Sportfish Populations</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:;background-color:;">AOML developed a sportfish model that the US Army Corps of Engineers adopted to evaluate the impacts of Everglades Restoration on south Florida’s economically and ecologically important sportfish populations.</p></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-right"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#28282a"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Impact: Empowers Managers to Evaluate Different Scenarios and Plan for the Future</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">The majority of sportfish in south Florida are dependent upon healthy estuaries with natural freshwater runoff. The model shows how sea trout would respond to different management scenarios, giving managers actionable information.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-item cq-skewbox-item-3"><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-left"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#0085ca"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Project: HWRF's High Resolution Moving Nest Module</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:;background-color:;">AOML developed a high resolution moving nest in NOAA's regional hurricane model known as HWRF, increasing resolution over the storm environment. We transition the HWRF model into operations in joint partnership with NOAA's Environmental Modeling Center.</p></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-cover cq-skewbox-cover-right"><div class="cq-skewbox-skewed"><div class="cq-skewbox-content customized" style="background-image:url()" data-bgstyle="customized" data-bgcolor="#28282a"><h3 class="cq-skewbox-title" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">Impact: Improved Forecast Accuracy Better Informs Coastal Communities</h3><p class="cq-skewbox-label" style="color:#ffffff;background-color:;">The HWRF model has improved intensity forecasts by 10- 5 kts in the critical decision making period of 48-72 hours before landfall. This allows people to make informed decisions to prepare their families, homes, and communities.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="cq-skewbox-upnav"><i class="cq-skewbox-icon entypo-icon entypo-icon-up-open-big"></i></div><div class="cq-skewbox-downnav"><i class="cq-skewbox-icon entypo-icon entypo-icon-down-open-big"></i></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1614010135876 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_hidden-lg vc_hidden-md"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="cq-expandgrid cq-circular- cq-expandgrid-320 cq-expandgrid-avatar- cq-expandgrid-close-no cq-expandgrid-in3 " data-itemheight="" data-autoslide="no" data-itemsize="320" data-transparentitem="yes" data-openfirst="yes" data-labelfontsize="1.4em" data-nocircular="" data-subfontsize="" data-scrollto="" data-scrolloffset="0"><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gliderready2.jpg" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="none" data-avatar="" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#ffffff" data-subtitlecolor="#ffffff" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">Monitoring the Ocean Improves Weather Forecasts</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>AOML plays a key role in collecting and maintaining sustained ocean observations that monitor the temperature and salinity of ocean features using drifters, Argo floats, XBTs, moorings, and other platforms.</p> <h3>Impact: Adding Ocean Data from Directly Beneath a Storm Leads to More Accurate Hurricane Forecasts</h3> <p>Unmanned Ocean Glider data improve our understanding of the current ocean state and are used to initialize hurricane models. Data from gliders passing under Hurricane Gonzalo improved the intensity forecast by one category on the Saffir Simpson Scale.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/bluefun_tuna_fisheries.jpg" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="none" data-avatar="" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#ffffff" data-subtitlecolor="#ffffff" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">Monitoring Commercially Important Sportfish Populations</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>AOML developed a sportfish model that the US Army Corps of Engineers adopted to evaluate the impacts of Everglades Restoration on south Florida’s economically and ecologically important sportfish populations.</p> <h3>Impact: Empowers Managers to Evaluate Different Scenarios and Plan for the Future</h3> <p>The majority of sportfish in south Florida are dependent upon healthy estuaries with natural freshwater runoff. The model shows how sea trout would respond to different management scenarios, giving managers actionable information.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-item cq-expandgrid-initstate cq-transparent" data-image="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/HWRF_B-Thumb.jpg" data-bgstyle="cq-transparent" data-backgroundcolor="" data-backgroundhovercolor="" data-avatartype="none" data-avatar="" data-contentcolor="" data-iconcolor="" data-iconsize="" data-labelcolor="#ffffff" data-subtitlecolor="#ffffff" title=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-face cq-expandgrid-toggle" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-facecontent"><span class="cq-expandgrid-title">HWRF's High Resolution Moving Nest</span> </div><div class="cq-expandgrid-arrow" style=""></div></div><div class="cq-expandgrid-content" style=""><div class="cq-expandgrid-text"><p>AOML developed a high resolution moving nest in NOAA’s regional hurricane model known as HWRF, increasing resolution over the storm environment. We transition the HWRF model into operations in joint partnership with NOAA’s Environmental Modeling Center.</p> <h3>Impact: Improved Forecast Accuracy Better Informs Coastal Communities</h3> <p>The HWRF model has improved intensity forecasts by 10- 5 kts in the critical decision making period of 48-72 hours before landfall. This allows people to make informed decisions to prepare their families, homes, and communities.</p> </div><i class="fa fa-close cq-expandgrid-close"></i></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 20px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" data-vc-stretch-content="true" data-vc-parallax="2" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid backgroundscroll vc_custom_1684351176984 vc_row-has-fill vc_row-o-full-height vc_row-o-columns-middle vc_row-flex vc_general vc_parallax vc_parallax-content-moving"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Sargassum Research</h1> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Have you recently come across <em>Sargassum</em> and taken a picture? Maybe while you were at the beach or out on a boat. If you answered yes, you are encouraged to fill out NOAA’s citizen science <em>Sargassum</em> reporting form below to help scientists improve <em>Sargassum</em> monitoring and research.</p> <p>Want to learn more about the large amount of Sargassum seaweed in the Atlantic Ocean? See NOAA’s frequently asked questions below.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>What is Sargassum?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p><i>Sargassum </i>is a type of floating brown algae, commonly called “seaweed.” These algae float at the sea surface, never attach to the sea floor, and they can aggregate to form large mats in the open ocean.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>What research does NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory or other parts of NOAA currently conduct on Sargassum?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>Researchers at NOAA’s AOML and NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite Data, Information Service (<a href="https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/">NESDIS</a>), and the University of South Florida developed the experimental <a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/sargassum_inundation_report/">Sargassum Inundation Report</a> (SIR) to provide an overview of the extent of <i>Sargassum </i>in the ocean and the risk of <i>Sargassum </i>washing into coastal waters, beaches, and shorelines in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and southeast Florida regions.</p> <p>Research conducted at AOML in partnership with the University of Miami, the University of South Florida, and LGL Ecological Research (TX) is also aiding to identify how <i>Sargassum </i>extends across the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and tropical Atlantic, by assessing the role of ocean currents, winds, and waves in their motion.  This work includes field experiments conducted to monitor the actual path of Sargassum using satellite tracking devices and surface drifters and satellite imagery, and physical representation of Sargassum in theoretical and numerical simulations. Please refer to the end of this document for a list of scientific manuscripts derived from this research.</p> <p>Additionally, a collaboration between researchers with AOML and <a href="https://www.fearlessfund.org/">Fearless Fund</a> studies how seaweed, including <i>Sargassum</i>, naturally removes carbon dioxide from ocean waters and sequesters it in the seaweed. This project seeks to provide a management solution to wide-scale inundation of beaches, while also repurposing the <i>Sargassum</i>.</p> <div> <p>As part of NOAA’s RESTORE Science Program, NOAA Fisheries, University of Southern Mississippi, and University of South Florida are <a href="https://restoreactscienceprogram.noaa.gov/projects/sargassum">evaluating <i>Sargassum</i>‘s role as fish nursery habitat in the northern Gulf of Mexico</a>. This project seeks to understand the relationship with <i>Sargassum </i>distribution and abundance and its capacity to serve as juvenile fish nurseries for recreationally and commercially important species. Results will be used to develop a forecast that can inform fisheries managers of changes in <i>Sargassum</i> and fish recruitment.</p> <p>Scientists from the University of Rhode Island and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute are <a href="https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/assessing-societal-impacts-of-harmful-macroalgae-blooms-in-the-caribbean/">examining the societal impacts of <i>Sargassum</i> blooms in the Caribbean</a> as part of a study funded by NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. The three-year long project assesses economic impacts, human well-being, and individual behaviors and perceptions associated with bloom events, as well as extensive engagement with community members and relevant stakeholders. Results from this study will aid local and regional coastal managers in managing <i>Sargassum</i> bloom and mitigation activities.</p> </div> <div> <p>NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (<a href="https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/">NCCOS</a>) is initiating a new study to detect and analyze chemical contaminants in Sargassum mats from Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and Florida. Scientists will be looking for concentrations of trace metals, organic, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) – many of which are highly persistent – in the samples. This research will provide managers with essential information to safely manage, dispose, repurpose or recycle Sargassum at local jurisdictions.</p> </div> <p>Further reading:</p> <p><a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/tracking-sargassum/">Tracking Sargassum Inundation Potential for Coastal Communities – NOAA/AOML</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/chasing-sargassum/">Chasing Sargassum: New Insights on Coastal Sargassum Invasions – NOAA/AOML</a></p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>When might we see significant Sargassum inundation in Florida from the large mat in the Atlantic Ocean (March 2023)?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>The motion, extent, and density of <i>Sargassum</i> is very complex – it grows, sinks, and moves according to ocean currents, winds, and waves. Therefore, sometimes it may not be possible to describe trajectories in advance, but rather a general description of how the average extension and density have changed.  Projecting an accurate path of <i>Sargassum</i> is challenging and a current area of intense research.  At this moment, the timing of Sargassum beaching cannot be predicted.</p> <p>There are two main sources of Sargassum located in the Gulf of Mexico, one is local and peaks in April-May, and the second one is the Caribbean Sea which peaks during the summer months. Large amounts of <i>Sargassum</i> are currently located in the Caribbean Sea, moving towards the Yucatan Peninsula, and spreading through the Gulf of Mexico by the Loop Current.</p> <p>The Loop Current flows through the Florida Straits and off the east Florida coast, where it is known as the Florida Current, and into the Gulf Stream as it heads north up the eastern coast of the US.  The very strong Loop Current is now transporting moderate amounts of <i>Sargassum</i> that were previously located in the Caribbean Sea, with larger amounts potentially on the way. Some of the Sargassum in the Gulf of Mexico also originated locally. Whether the Sargassum will beach on the coast of Florida, including the Florida Keys, will largely depend on the local wind, wave, and tide conditions. Given the complexity of its motion, growth, and decay, it is not possible to forecast the timing of beaching.  However, given the size and number of the current <i>Sargassum</i> patches, there is a strong chance that <i>Sargassum</i> carried by the Florida Current may reach the Florida coast despite wind and wave conditions. As of mid March 2023, satellite observations indicate that some of this Sargassum has already reached the northern coast of Cuba.</p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-51830 size-full" src="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Gulf-of-Mexico.png" alt="SIR Gulf of Mexico (March 7-13, 2023)" width="512" height="260" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Gulf-of-Mexico.png 512w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Gulf-of-Mexico-300x152.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-51831 size-full lazyload" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Caribbean.png" alt="SIR Caribbean Sea (March 7-13, 2023)" width="512" height="195" data-srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Caribbean.png 512w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SIR-Caribbean-300x114.png 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 512px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 512/195;"></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Maps showing Sargassum patches as derived from satellite images and reported weekly through the AOML experimental Sargassum Inundation Reports (</span><a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/sargassum_inundation_report/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">link</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></em></p> </div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90623ab:hover{color: #ffffff;background-color: ;border: none;background-position: 100% 0;}</style><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90623ab{color: #ffffff;border: none;background-color: ;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, 0%, 50%, 100%);background-image: linear-gradient(to right, 0%, 50%, 100%);-webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;transition: all .2s ease-in-out;background-size: 200% 100%;}</style><div class="vc_btn3-container hoverbutton vc_btn3-inline vc_do_btn"><a data-vc-gradient-1="" data-vc-gradient-2="" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90623ab" href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/obs-for-blue-economy/#sargassum" title="Sargassum FAQ">Visit the Sargassum FAQ</a></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90624fa:hover{color: #ffffff;background-color: ;border: none;background-position: 100% 0;}</style><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90624fa{color: #ffffff;border: none;background-color: ;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, 0%, 50%, 100%);background-image: linear-gradient(to right, 0%, 50%, 100%);-webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;transition: all .2s ease-in-out;background-size: 200% 100%;}</style><div class="vc_btn3-container hoverbutton vc_btn3-inline vc_do_btn"><a data-vc-gradient-1="" data-vc-gradient-2="" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d90624fa" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdky2DrhiLogfFtbjD7ibZVp3fQcDxb6nYooirq7St-X2VGdg/viewform" title="Sargassum Reporting Form">Reporting Form</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="1200" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full lazyload" alt="Sargassum patch. GO- SHIP cruise 2023" title="sargassum_ellenpark" data-srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark.jpg 1600w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-300x225.jpg 300w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-1024x768.jpg 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-768x576.jpg 768w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-848x636.jpg 848w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-1140x855.jpg 1140w, /wp-content/uploads/2023/03/sargassum_ellenpark-1170x878.jpg 1170w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/1200;"></div> </figure> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" data-vc-stretch-content="true" data-vc-parallax="2" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid backgroundscroll vc_custom_1684351151735 vc_row-has-fill vc_row-o-full-height vc_row-o-columns-middle vc_row-flex vc_general vc_parallax vc_parallax-content-moving"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1727462070618 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_video_widget wpb_content_element vc_clearfix vc_video-aspect-ratio-169 vc_video-el-width-100 vc_video-align-left"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_video_wrapper"><iframe title="NOAA AOML Virtual Tour" width="500" height="281" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ef2f0fGTXy0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2><span style="color: #ffffff;">Explore the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)</span></h2> <h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #ffffff;">Through Our Virtual Tour</span></h1> <h4><span style="color: #ffffff;">Our Mission</span></h4> <p><span style="color: #ffffff;">To conduct and transition world-class Earth system research, with a focus on the Atlantic Ocean region, to inform: the accurate forecasting of extreme weather and ocean phenomena, the management of marine resources, and an understanding of climate change and associated impacts, thereby improving ocean and weather services for the region, the nation, and the world.</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1604345739248 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h2>AOML & GFDL’s Grassroots Collaboration</h2> <h1 style="text-align: left;">New Opportunities in a Virtual Environment</h1> <p>“This is a great starting point; it gave people a list of more than 10 topics with researchers at both labs working on similar problems. We now know who is a  person we can contact, and that they are interested in collaborating because they gave a talk at the workshop.”</p> <p>-Renellys Perez, Organizer and Participant</p> </div> </div> <style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d9063953:hover{color: #ffffff;background-color: ;border: none;background-position: 100% 0;}</style><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d9063953{color: #ffffff;border: none;background-color: ;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, 0%, 50%, 100%);background-image: linear-gradient(to right, 0%, 50%, 100%);-webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;transition: all .2s ease-in-out;background-size: 200% 100%;}</style><div class="vc_btn3-container hoverbutton vc_btn3-inline vc_do_btn"><a data-vc-gradient-1="" data-vc-gradient-2="" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d9063953" href="/news/aoml-gfdl-collaboration/" title="AOML and GFDL Collaboration">Read the Full Story</a></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_left wpb_content_element vc_custom_1614008403875"> <figure class="wpb_wrapper vc_figure"> <a href="/news/aoml-gfdl-collaboration/" target="_self" class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="599" height="315" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/AOML-GFDL-workshop-sm.jpg" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full lazyload" alt="" title="AOML-GFDL-workshop-sm" data-srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/AOML-GFDL-workshop-sm.jpg 599w, /wp-content/uploads/2020/11/AOML-GFDL-workshop-sm-300x158.jpg 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 599px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 599/315;"></a> </figure> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_custom_1604345750689 vc_row-has-fill"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div data-vc-full-width="true" data-vc-full-width-init="false" data-vc-stretch-content="true" class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid backgroundscroll vc_custom_1604344756177 vc_row-has-fill vc_row-no-padding"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row-full-width vc_clearfix"></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 30px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Frequently Asked Questions about Hurricanes</h1> </div> </div> <div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>Why Don't Nuclear Weapons Destroy Hurricanes?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>The amount of energy that a storm produces far outweighs the energy produced by one nuclear weapon. Additionally, the downside of radioactive fallout from such an operation would far outweigh the benefits and may not even alter the storm.</p> <p>For more info <a href="/hrd-faq/#Stop">click here</a>.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>How Much Energy is Released from a Hurricane?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>The energy released from a hurricane can be explained in two ways: the total amount of energy released by the condensation of water droplets (latent heat), or the amount of kinetic energy generated to maintain the strong, swirling winds of a hurricane. The vast majority of the latent heat released is used to drive the convection of a storm, but the total energy released from condensation is 200 times the world-wide electrical generating capacity, or 6.0 x 10<sup>14</sup> watts per day. If you measure the total kinetic energy instead, it comes out to about 1.5 x 10<sup>12</sup> watts per day, or ½ of the world-wide electrical generating capacity. It would seem that although wind energy seems the most obvious energetic process, it is actually the latent release of heat that feeds a hurricane’s momentum.</p> <p>For more info <a href="/hrd-faq/#hurricane-energy-production">click here</a>.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>What Causes Tropical Cyclones?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>The tropical atmosphere is often unstable.  The amount of energy accumulated in the lower layers though the evaporation of water eventually overcomes any stable cap.  This allows clusters of thunderstorms to form.  These clusters move along with the prevailing winds as tropical disturbances.  Occasionally, cyclonic circulations will develop within these disturbances.  These circulations can be amplified and the disturbance will form a tropical cyclone.  Only about 10% of disturbances become tropical cyclones, so large-scale influences impinging on such disturbances play a big role in cyclone formation.</p> <p>For more info <a href="/hrd-faq/#tc-formation">click here</a>.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>Why are Tropical Cyclone Winds Usually Stronger on One Side?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>A hurricane is usually a symmetrical spiral.  But if it is moving forward, then this motion makes the wind field asymmetrical.  The side of the spiral with winds blowing in the direction of movement will add the forward speed to the wind speed. The side of the spiral with the wind blowing in the opposite direction will be subtract the forward speed from the wind speed.</p> <p>For example, a hurricane with 90mph winds moving forward at 10mph would have a 100mph wind speed on the forward-moving side and 80 mph on the side with winds blowing backward to the motion.</p> <p>For more info <a href="/hrd-faq/#tc-rightside-winds">click here</a>.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_do_toggle vc_toggle vc_toggle_simple vc_toggle_color_default vc_toggle_size_md"><div class="vc_toggle_title"><h4>How are Hurricanes Named?</h4><i class="vc_toggle_icon"></i></div><div class="vc_toggle_content"><p>Names are assigned to organized tropical cyclones once their winds exceed 39 mph (17.5 m/s, 34 knots).  The names are drawn from a list that is created prior to the season by the United Nations’ World Meteorological Organization.  Each tropical cyclone basin has its own name list, which is maintained by a WMO Regional Committee. If a particularly damaging storm occurs, the name of that storm can be retired.  If a storm happens to move across basins, it keeps the original name. The only time it is renamed if it dissipates to a tropical disturbance and then reforms.</p> <p>For more info <a href="/hrd-faq/#naming-hurricanes">click here</a>.</p> </div></div><div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 20px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d9064cb5:hover{color: #ffffff;background-color: ;border: none;background-position: 100% 0;}</style><style>.vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom.vc_btn-gradient-btn-67b63d9064cb5{color: #ffffff;border: none;background-color: ;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, 0%, 50%, 100%);background-image: linear-gradient(to right, 0%, 50%, 100%);-webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out;transition: all .2s ease-in-out;background-size: 200% 100%;}</style><div class="vc_btn3-container hoverbutton vc_btn3-inline vc_do_btn"><a data-vc-gradient-1="" data-vc-gradient-2="" class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-gradient-custom 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