CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1"> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy - NOAA/AOML</title> <meta name="description" content="Behind the research at AOML are a suite of instruments. Get to know 12 of them in a new social media series: 12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy!"> <link rel="canonical" href="/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy"> <meta property="og:description" content="Behind the research at AOML are a suite of instruments. Get to know 12 of them in a new social media series: 12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy!"> <meta property="og:url" content="/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-12-20T18:30:31+00:00"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-12-20T18:30:32+00:00"> <meta property="og:image" content="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1906"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1072"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"> <meta name="author" content="AOML Communications"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NOAA_AOML"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NOAA_AOML"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="AOML Communications"> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time"> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="7 minutes"> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"},"author":{"name":"AOML Communications","@id":"/#/schema/person/fad7ceb2cbe4ff4547b7d2ac0680b243"},"headline":"12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy","datePublished":"2024-12-20T18:30:31+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-20T18:30:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"},"wordCount":1482,"publisher":{"@id":"/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg","keywords":["coral reefs","education and outreach","hurricane forecasting","hurricane research","ocean gliders","omics","Physical Oceanography","water quality"],"articleSection":["Corals","Hurricane Research","Observations","Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems","Physical Oceanography"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/","url":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/","name":"12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy - NOAA/AOML","isPartOf":{"@id":"/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg","datePublished":"2024-12-20T18:30:31+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-20T18:30:32+00:00","description":"Behind the research at AOML are a suite of instruments. Get to know 12 of them in a new social media series: 12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy!","breadcrumb":{"@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#primaryimage","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg","contentUrl":"/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg","width":1906,"height":1072,"caption":"12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"/12-days-of-teknowledgey/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"/#website","url":"/","name":"NOAA: Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory","description":"Preparing the nation for change by studying the ocean, earth & atmosphere","publisher":{"@id":"/#organization"},"alternateName":"NOAA/AOML","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"/#organization","name":"NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory","alternateName":"NOAA/OAR/AOML","url":"/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/400x100-100.jpg","contentUrl":"/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/400x100-100.jpg","width":401,"height":101,"caption":"NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory"},"image":{"@id":"/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://x.com/NOAA_AOML","http://instagram.com/noaa_aoml","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pHprdRFZMZNegDaZKFB9g"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"/#/schema/person/fad7ceb2cbe4ff4547b7d2ac0680b243","name":"AOML Communications","url":"/author/editing-team/"}]}</script>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://use.fontawesome.com"> <link href="http://use.fontawesome.com" crossorigin="" rel="preconnect"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory » Feed" href="/feed/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory » Comments Feed" href="/comments/feed/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory » 12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy Comments Feed" href="/12-days-of-teknowledgey/feed/"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="stylesheet" id="vc_extensions_cqbundle_adminicon-css" href="/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/59281982cb0f671679b43fd461952628.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css" type="text/css"> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id="global-styles-inline-css" type="text/css"> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wphb-1-css" href="/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/cc0424668bea1ba34bfc38f9f8e28766.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="wphb-1-inline-css" type="text/css"> .country-selector{ margin-bottom:20px } .country-selector>ul{ margin-bottom:0px !important } .country-selector>ul a::hover { text-decoration-color: #28282a; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wphb-2-css" href="/wp-content/uploads/hummingbird-assets/81df12fbee19a4fd070e92462fd47628.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="wphb-2-inline-css" type="text/css"> /*Body fonts and style*/ body, #main-menu ul li ul li, .comment-content cite, .entry-content cite, .visualcomposerstarter legend { font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; } body, .sidebar-widget-area a:hover, .sidebar-widget-area a:focus, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_recent_entries ul li:hover, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_archive ul li:hover, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_categories ul li:hover, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_meta ul li:hover, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_recent_entries ul li:focus, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_archive ul li:focus, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_categories ul li:focus, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_meta ul li:focus { color: #28282a; } .comment-content table, .entry-content table { border-color: #28282a; } .entry-full-content .entry-author-data .author-biography, .entry-full-content .entry-meta, .nav-links.post-navigation a .meta-nav, .search-results-header h4, .entry-preview .entry-meta li, .entry-preview .entry-meta li a, .entry-content .gallery-caption, .comment-content blockquote, .entry-content blockquote, .wp-caption .wp-caption-text, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-metadata a { color: #969696; } .comments-area .comment-list .comment-metadata a:hover, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-metadata a:focus { border-bottom-color: #969696; } a, .comments-area .comment-list .reply a, .comments-area span.required, .comments-area .comment-subscription-form label:before, .entry-preview .entry-meta li a:hover:before, .entry-preview .entry-meta li a:focus:before, .entry-preview .entry-meta li.entry-meta-category:hover:before, .entry-content p a:hover, .entry-content ol a:hover, .entry-content ul a:hover, .entry-content table a:hover, .entry-content datalist a:hover, .entry-content blockquote a:hover, .entry-content dl a:hover, .entry-content address a:hover, .entry-content p a:focus, .entry-content ol a:focus, .entry-content ul a:focus, .entry-content table a:focus, .entry-content datalist a:focus, .entry-content blockquote a:focus, .entry-content dl a:focus, .entry-content address a:focus, .entry-content ul > li:before, .comment-content p a:hover, .comment-content ol a:hover, .comment-content ul a:hover, .comment-content table a:hover, .comment-content datalist a:hover, .comment-content blockquote a:hover, .comment-content dl a:hover, .comment-content address a:hover, .comment-content p a:focus, .comment-content ol a:focus, .comment-content ul a:focus, .comment-content table a:focus, .comment-content datalist a:focus, .comment-content blockquote a:focus, .comment-content dl a:focus, .comment-content address a:focus, .comment-content ul > li:before, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_recent_entries ul li, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_archive ul li, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_categories ul li, .sidebar-widget-area .widget_meta ul li { color: #0085ca; } .comments-area .comment-list .reply a:hover, .comments-area .comment-list .reply a:focus, .comment-content p a, .comment-content ol a, .comment-content ul a, .comment-content table a, .comment-content datalist a, .comment-content blockquote a, .comment-content dl a, .comment-content address a, .entry-content p a, .entry-content ol a, .entry-content ul a, .entry-content table a, .entry-content datalist a, .entry-content blockquote a, .entry-content dl a, .entry-content address a { border-bottom-color: #0085ca; } .entry-content blockquote, .comment-content { border-left-color: #0085ca; } html, #main-menu ul li ul li { font-size: 1em } body, #footer, .footer-widget-area .widget-title { line-height: 1.5em; } body { letter-spacing: 1.1; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; text-transform: none; } .comment-content address, .comment-content blockquote, .comment-content datalist, .comment-content dl, .comment-content ol, .comment-content p, .comment-content table, .comment-content ul, .entry-content address, .entry-content blockquote, .entry-content datalist, .entry-content dl, .entry-content ol, .entry-content p, .entry-content table, .entry-content ul { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; } /*Buttons font and style*/ .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit], .blue-button { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2 em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1; text-transform: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit]:hover, .comments-area .form-submit input[type=submit]:focus, .blue-button:hover, .blue-button:focus, .entry-content p a.blue-button:hover { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } .nav-links.archive-navigation .page-numbers { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; } .nav-links.archive-navigation a.page-numbers:hover, .nav-links.archive-navigation a.page-numbers:focus, .nav-links.archive-navigation .page-numbers.current { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit { background-color: #003087; color: #ffffff; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2 em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1; text-transform: none; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit:hover, .visualcomposerstarter #review_form #respond .form-submit .submit:focus { background-color: #07326d; color: #ffffff; } /*Headers fonts and style*/ .header-widgetised-area .widget_text, #main-menu > ul > li > a, .entry-full-content .entry-author-data .author-name, .nav-links.post-navigation a .post-title, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author, .comments-area .comment-list .reply a, .comments-area .comment-form-comment label, .comments-area .comment-form-author label, .comments-area .comment-form-email label, .comments-area .comment-form-url label, .comment-content blockquote, .entry-content blockquote { font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; } .entry-full-content .entry-author-data .author-name, .entry-full-content .entry-meta a, .nav-links.post-navigation a .post-title, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author a, .search-results-header h4 strong, .entry-preview .entry-meta li a:hover, .entry-preview .entry-meta li a:focus { color: #28282a; } .entry-full-content .entry-meta a, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author a:hover, .comments-area .comment-list .comment-author a:focus, .nav-links.post-navigation a .post-title { border-bottom-color: #28282a; } h1 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 2em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1; line-height: 1em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 2.125rem; text-transform: none; } h1 a {color: #0085ca;} h1 a:hover, h1 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} h2 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1.1em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; text-transform: none; } h2 a {color: #0085ca;} h2 a:hover, h2 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} h3 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0.01rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; text-transform: none; } h3 a {color: #0085ca;} h3 a:hover, h3 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} h4 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.3; line-height: 1.4em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: ; text-transform: none; } h4 a {color: #0085ca;} h4 a:hover, h4 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} h5 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8125em; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 1.1; line-height: 1em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; text-transform: none; } h5 a {color: #0085ca;} h5 a:hover, h5 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} h6 { color: #28282a; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif; font-size: 0.625em; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: .02rem; line-height: 1; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; text-transform: none; } h6 a {color: #0085ca;} h6 a:hover, h6 a:focus {color: #0085ca;} /*Header and menu area background color*/ #header .navbar .navbar-wrapper, body.navbar-no-background #header .navbar.fixed.scroll, body.header-full-width-boxed #header .navbar, body.header-full-width #header .navbar { background-color: #ffffff; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li ul { background-color: #ffffff; } } body.navbar-no-background #header .navbar {background-color: transparent;} /*Header and menu area text color*/ #header { color: #28282a } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li, body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li a, body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li ul li a { color: #28282a } } /*Header and menu area active text color*/ #header a:hover { color: #0085ca; border-bottom-color: #0085ca; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li a:hover, body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li.current-menu-item > a, body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li ul li a:focus, body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li ul li a:hover, body:not(.menu-sandwich) .sandwich-color-light #main-menu>ul>li.current_page_item>a, body:not(.menu-sandwich) .sandwich-color-light #main-menu>ul ul li.current_page_item>a { color: #0085ca; border-bottom-color: #0085ca; } } /* Header padding */ .navbar-wrapper { padding: 2vh 15px; } /*Header and menu area menu hover background color*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body:not(.menu-sandwich) #main-menu ul li ul li:hover > a { background-color: #ffffff; } } /*Tag background*/ .entry-tags a { background-color: #ffffff; } /*Tag hover background*/ .entry-tags a:hover { background-color: #0085ca; } /*Tag color*/ .entry-tags a { color: #003087; } /*Footer area background color*/ #footer { background-color: #28282a; } .footer-widget-area { background-color: #2c2c2e; } /*Footer area text color*/ #footer, #footer .footer-socials ul li a span {color: #ffffff; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="font-awesome-official-css" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.2.1/css/all.css" type="text/css" media="all" integrity="sha384-twcuYPV86B3vvpwNhWJuaLdUSLF9+ttgM2A6M870UYXrOsxKfER2MKox5cirApyA" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="font-awesome-official-v4shim-css" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.2.1/css/v4-shims.css" type="text/css" media="all" integrity="sha384-RreHPODFsMyzCpG+dKnwxOSjmjkuPWWdYP8sLpBRoSd8qPNJwaxKGUdxhQOKwUc7" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/wp-content/plugins/weglot/dist/front-js.js" id="wp-weglot-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="/wp-json/"><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/95503"><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="/xmlrpc.php?rsd"> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2"> <link rel="shortlink" href="/?p=95503">  <script async="" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-43827026-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-43827026-1',{'contentGroup4':'New Pages'}); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P3F4WX3');</script>    <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/8eb0bcdc61.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="alternate" href="/12-days-of-teknowledgey/" hreflang="en"> <link rel="alternate" href="/es/12-days-of-teknowledgey/" hreflang="es"> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <style> .no-js img.lazyload { display: none; } figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading { min-width: 150px; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 400ms; transition-delay: 0ms; } </style> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress.">  <script async="" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-748JT7G8EG"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-748JT7G8EG'); </script><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOAA_logo_512x512-150x150.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOAA_logo_512x512-300x300.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOAA_logo_512x512-300x300.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOAA_logo_512x512-300x300.png"> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> html, body{ width:100%; overflow-x:hidden; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { body:not(.menu-sandwich) #menu-main-menu { /* max-width:80%; */ margin: auto; } } #main-menu.open { background-color:#28282a; } .navbar-toggle { padding-top:25px; } div.content-wrapper { padding-top:0px !important; } nav.navbar.fixed { box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 6px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10) } @media (hover: hover) { div#main-menu { margin-left:30%; line-height:95px; margin-top:20px; } } #main-menu>ul>li { font-size: 14px !important; letter-spacing: .05em; } #main-menu ul li ul li { font-size:13px; } .button-close { padding-bottom:30px } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { { min-height: 95px; min-width: 400px; line-height: 95px; } } .navbar-brand { min-height: 95px; min-width: 300px; line-height: 95px; } .vc_grid-item { float:left !important; } .vc_col-sm-2 { float:left !important; } .textwidget { text-align:center; padding: 10px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .homesliderrow { height:500px; } } #slick-slide-control10 { display:none; } .cq-homeslider-navigation .homeslider-navigation-next { margin-bottom:20px !important; } #small-header { height:200px; } .mobilefeaturedexerpt { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 5; /* number of lines to show */ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; } .cq-skewbox-icon { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 48px; text-align: center; font-size: 18px; color: #ffffff; } .hoverbutton { max-width: 200px; min-width: 200px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #0a4595; color:#ffffff; /* Old background-color: #0099d8;*/ } .hoverbuttonlight { max-width: 200px; min-width: 200px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #0085ca; } .hoverbutton:hover { background-color: #002464; /* Old background-color: #006e9b;*/ transition: background-color .5s; } .hoverbuttonlight:hover { background-color: #0073AE; transition: background-color .5s; } .hoverbuttonlightlong { min-width: 200px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #0085ca; } .hoverbuttonlightlong:hover { background-color: #0073AE; transition: background-color .5s; } .top-social-icons { float:right } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .backgroundscroll { background-repeat:no-repeat; background-attachment:fixed; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { .backgroundscroll { display:none } } .vc_column-inner { padding-top: 0 !important; } #filters a.button { color:#0099d8 !important; background-color:#FFF } #filters a.button.is-checked { Color:#0085CA; background-color:#FFFFFF } .anchor { display: block; position: relative; top: -200px; visibility: hidden; } .morecaptionbg { background-color: #003087; } .nametitle { color:#ffffff; } .arrowdown { text-align: center; display:block; margin: auto; color: #FFFFFF } div.pp_default .pp_expand { display: none!important; } .cq-skewbox-downnav { z-index:10 !important; } .cq-skewbox-upnav { z-index: 10 !important; } #sharetext { font-family: Roboto-light; color:#0085ca; position: relative; font-size:18px; } .social-button-span { position: relative; font-size:30px; text-decoration:none; } /* .slick-dots { margin-bottom:60px !important; } */ .entry-content.archive h1 { padding-top:50px } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { div.col-md-10 { position:inherit; margin: auto; /* width: 80%; */ } .col-md-2 { display:none } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .entry-title { margin-bottom:15px } } .entry-full-content .entry-meta { color:#28282a; font-size: 18px; line-height:1; padding-top:60px; padding-bottom:10px; font-style:italic; color:#5F5F5F; } .entry-full-content div.entry-meta a { border: none; color:#5F5F5F; } .entry-author-data { box-sizing:inherit; padding-top:30px; } p.author-name { overflow-wrap:normal; text-align: inline; } .header-image img { position:relative; /* height:500px; */ width: 100%; object-fit: cover; } /* #footer ul { list-style-type:none; padding-left:0; line-height: 2em; font-size: 10pt; } */ .footer-widget-area .widget-title { font-size: 14pt; font-weight:300; } .footer-widget-area .widget-title:after { content: ""; display: block; width: 15%; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: 2px solid #0085ca; } } .country-selector a { border-bottom: 1px transparent solid !important; } .wpb-js-composer .vc_tta-color-grey.vc_tta-style-classic .vc_tta-tab>a { background-color:#FFFFFF !important; border-color:#ffffff !important; } .vc_tta-title-text:focus { border-bottom: solid 2px #0085ca !important; } .vc_tta-title-text:hover { border-bottom: solid 2px #0085ca !important; } .wpb-js-composer .vc_tta.vc_general .vc_tta-tab.vc_active .vc_tta-title-text { border-bottom: solid 2px #0085ca !important; } .cq-timeline ul>li:before, .cq-timeline-text ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cq-accordion ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cq-compareslider ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cq-morecaption-container .cq-morecaption-content { margin-top:50px; } .cq-timelinecard ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cqlist ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cq-tabs ul>li:before { content: ''; } .cq-tabmenu.style1 a { font-size:normal; } h2.entry-title { top:-10px; } .nav-links.archive-navigation .page-numbers.dots { background-color: #003087; } .entry-content ul>li:before { content: ''; } .comment-content ul>li, .entry-content ul>li { padding-left:0; } .usagov-search-autocomplete { min-height:50px; width: 60%; } #search_form > input[type=submit]:nth-child(5) { max-width: 200px; min-height:50px; min-width: 200px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #003087; color:#ffffff; /* Old background-color: #0099d8;*/ } #search_form > input[type=submit]:nth-child(5):hover { background-color: #002464; /* Old background-color: #006e9b;*/ transition: background-color .5s; } :root { --shadow-color: 204deg 7% 64%; --shadow-elevation-low: 0.3px 0.5px 0.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.54), 0.3px 0.7px 0.6px -2.3px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.38), 0.9px 1.9px 1.7px -4.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.22); --shadow-elevation-medium: 0.3px 0.5px 0.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.46), 0.4px 0.8px 0.7px -1.1px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.37), 0.9px 1.8px 1.6px -2.3px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.29), 2.2px 4.3px 3.9px -3.4px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.21), 4.7px 9.4px 8.6px -4.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.13); --shadow-elevation-high: 0.3px 0.5px 0.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.42), 0.4px 0.8px 0.7px -0.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.38), 0.7px 1.5px 1.4px -1px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.35), 1.4px 2.7px 2.5px -1.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.31), 2.5px 5px 4.6px -2px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.27), 4.3px 8.6px 7.9px -2.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.23), 6.9px 13.9px 12.7px -3px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.19), 10.6px 21.2px 19.4px -3.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.16), 15.5px 31px 28.3px -4px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.12), 21.8px 43.5px 39.8px -4.5px hsl(var(--shadow-color) / 0.08); } .min-shadow-blueBack { box-shadow: var(--shadow-elevation-low); } .med-shadow-blueBack, .vc_custom_1671550346366 { box-shadow: var(--shadow-elevation-medium); } .big-shadow-blueBack { box-shadow: var(--shadow-elevation-high); } .big-text-shadow-blueBack { text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #333333; }; } .vc_general.vc_btn3.vc_btn3-size-md.vc_btn3-shape-rounded.vc_btn3-style-outline-custom, .vc_general.vc_btn3.vc_btn3-size-lg.vc_btn3-shape-rounded.vc_btn3-style-outline-custom { border-style: none; } .cq-expandgrid-item.cq-expandgrid-initstate.cq-transparent:hover .cq-expandgrid-avatar { filter: brightness(0) saturate(100%) invert(36%) sepia(61%) saturate(1359%) hue-rotate(170deg) brightness(97%) contrast(104%); } .cq-expandgrid-item.cq-transparent.cq-expandgrid-openstate .cq-expandgrid-avatar { filter: brightness(0) saturate(100%) invert(13%) sepia(61%) saturate(4127%) hue-rotate(214deg) brightness(89%) contrast(103%); } .project-card-image { border-radius: 50%; } .projects-template-default.single.single-projects .header-image img { display:none; } .your-theme-name-post-info-author { display: none; } .unlinked-item > a { pointer-events: none; } .wp-block-image figcaption { text-align: left; } .post > ul > li, .wpb_wrapper > ul > li { list-style: disc; } @media (hover: hover) { .backgroundscroll { background-repeat:no-repeat; background-attachment:fixed; min-height:400px; } } .icon-flex-align .cq-expandgrid-item .cq-expandgrid-face { display: flex; } .icon-flex-align .cq-expandgrid-item .cq-expandgrid-face .cq-expandgrid-facecontent { position:relative; } </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-95503 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo visualcomposerstarter fixed-header header-full-width wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-8.0 vc_responsive">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P3F4WX3" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header id="header"> <nav class="navbar fixed" style="padding:0px;"> <div style="background-color:#F5F5F5;font-size:11px;margin:0px;padding:3px;width:100%;"> <section id="banneridless"> <img src="/images/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag" height="13px" style="float:left;margin:3px;" /> An official website of the United States government <span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0099d8;cursor:pointer;" onclick="document.getElementById('banneridless').style.display='none';document.getElementById('banneridmore').style.display=''">Here鈥檚 how you know <img src="/images/expand_more.svg" height="13px" /></span> </section> <section id="banneridmore" style="display:none;"> <img src="/images/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag" height="13px" style="float:left;margin:3px;" /> An official website of the United States government <span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0099d8;cursor:pointer;" onclick="document.getElementById('banneridmore').style.display='none';document.getElementById('banneridless').style.display=''">Here鈥檚 how you know <img src="/images/expand_less.svg" height="13px" /></span> <br><br> <table style="width:100%"><tr><td style="width:50%;"> <img src="/images/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="U.S. flag" height="40px" style="float:left;padding:0px 10px;" /> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br /> A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </td><td style="width:50%;"> <img src="/images/icon-https.svg" alt="U.S. flag" height="40px" style="float:left;padding:0px 10px;" /> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS </strong> <br /> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="15" viewBox="0 0 52 64" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title-default banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">A locked padlock</desc> <path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" /></svg></span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you鈥檝e safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </td></tr></table> </section> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="navbar-brand"> <a href="/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="401" height="101" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/400x100.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory" decoding="async" data-srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/400x100.png 401w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/01/400x100-300x76.png 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 401px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 401/101;"></a> </div> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="main-menu"> <div class="button-close"><span class="vct-icon-close"></span></div> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-1256" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1256"><a href="/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1583" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1583"><a href="/research/">Research</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-45927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45927"><a href="/projects/">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1586" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1586"><a href="/hurricane-research-division/">Hurricane Research Division</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1584" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1584"><a href="/ocean-chemistry-ecosystems-division/">Ocean Chemistry & Ecosystems Division</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1585" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1585"><a href="/physical-oceanography-division/">Physical Oceanography Division</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-53467" class="unlinked-item menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-53467"><a>Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-15290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15290"><a href="/data-products/">Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65448" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65448"><a href="/media-resources/">Media Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1588" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1588"><a href="/outreach-education/">Outreach & Education</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4659" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4659"><a href="/about-aoml/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4658" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4658"><a href="/about-aoml/#orgchart">Our Organization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16024" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16024"><a href="/partnerships/">Our Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7463" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7463"><a href="/history/">Our History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23106"><a href="/about-aoml/#awards">Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14054"><a href="/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31769"><a href="/research-seminars/">Research Seminars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1587" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1587"><a href="/contact-us/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15315" class="sitesearch menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15315"><a href="https://search.noaa.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=aoml"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="header-widgetised-area"> <section id="block-4" class="widget widget_block"></section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="header-image"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="fade-in-img"> <div class="fade-in-img-inner-wrap"> <img width="1906" height="1072" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg" class="attachment-visualcomposerstarter-featured-single-image-full size-visualcomposerstarter-featured-single-image-full wp-post-image" alt='Photograph film reels appear as diagonal strips from left to right across the image. Each photo within the reel features an instrument used for oceanography or hurricane research including CTDs, buoys, dropsondes, ocean gliders, drifters, saildrones, Argo flots, XBTs, and more. Snow clusters are fall overtop the images. An opaque white box with a black shadow is central with "12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy" written in cursive in the center.' data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg 1906w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-300x169.jpg 300w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1024x576.jpg 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-768x432.jpg 768w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1536x864.jpg 1536w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-848x477.jpg 848w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1140x641.jpg 1140w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1170x658.jpg 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 1906px) 100vw, 1906px"> <noscript> <img width="1906" height="1072" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt='Photograph film reels appear as diagonal strips from left to right across the image. Each photo within the reel features an instrument used for oceanography or hurricane research including CTDs, buoys, dropsondes, ocean gliders, drifters, saildrones, Argo flots, XBTs, and more. Snow clusters are fall overtop the images. An opaque white box with a black shadow is central with "12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy" written in cursive in the center.' decoding="async" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation.jpg 1906w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-300x169.jpg 300w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1024x576.jpg 1024w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-768x432.jpg 768w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1536x864.jpg 1536w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-848x477.jpg 848w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1140x641.jpg 1140w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/12/12-Days-of-TeKNOWLEDGEy-PIRATA-buoys-Presentation-1170x658.jpg 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 1906px) 100vw, 1906px"> </noscript> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="main-content"> <article class="entry-full-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="col-md-2"> <div class="entry-author-data"> <div class="author-avatar"> <div class="fade-in-img"> <img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24fea8ce5ef4b1fdb74f279b5f2f7b06?s=100&d=blank&r=g" data-src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24fea8ce5ef4b1fdb74f279b5f2f7b06?s=100&d=blank&r=g" alt="AOML Communications"> <noscript> <img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/24fea8ce5ef4b1fdb74f279b5f2f7b06?s=100&d=blank&r=g" alt="AOML Communications"> </noscript> </div> </div> <p class="author-name"><span class="author vcard">AOML Communications</span></p> <p class="author-biography"></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-10"> <div class="entry-meta"> On <span class="date"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on</span> <a href="/12-days-of-teknowledgey/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-20T13:30:31-05:00">December 20, 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-12-20T13:30:32-05:00">December 20, 2024</time></a></span> by <a href="/author/editing-team/"><span class="author vcard">AOML Communications</span></a> to <a href="/category/corals/" rel="category tag">Corals</a>, <a href="/category/hrd/" rel="category tag">Hurricane Research</a>, <a href="/category/observations/" rel="category tag">Observations</a>, <a href="/category/oced/" rel="category tag">Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems</a>, <a href="/category/phod/" rel="category tag">Physical Oceanography</a>, <a href="/category/uncategorized/" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a> </div> <h1 class="entry-title">12 days of teKNOWLEDGEy</h1> <div class="entry-content"> <article id="post-95503" class="post-95503 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-corals category-hrd category-observations category-oced category-phod category-uncategorized tag-coral-reefs tag-education-and-outreach tag-hurricane-forecasting tag-hurricane-research tag-ocean-gliders tag-omics tag-physical-oceanography tag-water-quality division-hrd division-oced division-ootd division-phod"> <p>Behind every research project at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) are a suite of instruments. Whether descending to depths or weathering storms, these technologies are paramount to oceanic and atmospheric observations. </p> <p>Get to know 12 of these instruments with a new social media series: 12 Days of teKNOWLEDGEy!</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"> <p>On the 1st day of TeKNOWLEDGEy AOML sent to me: a SASe!</p> <p>SASe, which stands for Subsurface Automated Sampler for Environmental DNA (eDNA), is an important device for understanding the biodiversity of certain ecosystems. The SASe collects water samples which pick up on eDNA, DNA that has been shed by an animal into its environment. Understanding what species are present in marine ecosystems can be very important for the management of endangered species, invasive species, and overall ecosystem health.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: SASe" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NhkS6OnGk3o?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 2nd day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a PIRATA buoy!<br><br>The<a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/pirata-northeast-extension/"> Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA)</a> is an multinational network of ocean buoys that serves as the backbone of the tropical Atlantic observing system. PIRATA buoys measure subsurface ocean temperature, salinity, velocity and sea surface variables like wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall. Buoys in the PIRATA array provide critical real-time data for models of the Atlantic climate system, which are used globally for ocean and weather prediction.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: PIRATA buoys" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PJCDivcnuLc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 3rd day of TeKNOWLEDGEy AOML sent to me: a GPS dropsonde!</p> <p><br>Scientists release sensors tethered to parachutes, known as GPS dropsondes, which gather profiles of atmospheric data, recording wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. Dropsondes are deployed from <a href="https://www.omao.noaa.gov/learn/aircraft-operations/about/hurricane-hunters">NOAA’s Hurricane Hunter</a> aircraft over data-sparse oceanic areas at specific altitudes and measure storm conditions as they fall to the ocean’s surface. Dropsonde measurements provide a detailed look at a tropical storm’s structure and  intensity, enabling forecasters to map the steering currents that influence its movement. Wind observations from dropsondes also help properly characterize a storm’s wind field structure.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: GPS dropsondes" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iowvcRGevs8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 4th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: an Ocean Glider!</p> <p><br>A <a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hurricane-glider-project/">glider</a> is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that uses small changes in buoyancy to propel itself by converting vertical motion into horizontal motion as it travels through the ocean. The gliders are battery-powered and deployed during hurricane season. Gliders are commanded remotely via satellite and data transmissions of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll concentration, and Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter are performed in near real-time. At the end of hurricane season, the gliders are recovered so they can be reused the following season.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: Gliders" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/avXysAQ9iqc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 5th day of teKNOWLEDGEY, AOML sent to me: a BGC Argo Float!</p> <p><br><a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/argo/#bgc-argo">Biogeochemical Argo Floats</a>, or BGC Argos, are an incredible instrument used to collect a wide array of data from the water column. These untethered floats can move between the surface and 2,000 meters in depth, taking measurements using 6 or more delicate sensors. They simultaneously measure oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll-a, irradiance, particles, temperature, and salinity. Forecasts generated by these near real-time floats have the potential to serve marine resource managers of fisheries, protected species, and coral reef ecosystems, as well as researchers, by providing environmental data to understand links with dynamics like distribution, recruitment, catch, and disease.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: BGC Argo" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ls256XeyYfU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 6th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a Saildrone!</p> <p><a href="https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/saildrone-hurricane/">Saildrones</a> are uncrewed surface vehicles powered by wind and solar energy and are remotely piloted. They concurrently collect measurements including wind speed, wave height, temperature, pressure, and salinity. They are equipped with a special “hurricane wing” that looks like a hard sail to withstand the extreme wind conditions encountered in storms. The data are used to improve our understanding and prediction of tropical cyclone intensity changes and advance our knowledge of the ocean-atmosphere interactions that fuel them.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: Saildrones" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GPiRnzQk6Z4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 7th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a CTD!</p> <p>CTD stands for conductivity, temperature, and depth, and refers to a package of electronic instruments that measure these properties. A CTD’s primary function is to detect how the conductivity and temperature of the water column changes relative to depth. These devices also have the ability to take water samples at varying depths which is important for studying the physical and chemical properties of seawater. Biological processes are also uncovered with this data and can give scientists a look into the distribution of species and changing environmental conditions.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: CTD" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cpGhrYjSDVA?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 8th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a small uncrewed aircraft system! </p> <p>Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (sUAS) are deployed from NOAA’s P-3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft into tropical cyclone environments. The autonomous nature of these small drones, such as the Blackswift S0, provides a unique observation platform that is capable of accurately measuring atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, winds & sea surface temperature at altitudes that manned aircraft are unable to fly. Using sUAS technology allows scientists to collect measurements at low altitudes within storms and can provide insight into processes that influence hurricane intensity. Advances in technology like these are improving hurricane forecasts.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: sUAS" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3Cf9nYSmNPg?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 9th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a Tail Doppler Radar (TDR)!</p> <p>The Tail Doppler Radar (TDR) system is located at the back end of both NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft. As the plane flies through a storm, the TDR continuously measures cross-sections of precipitation and winds. By piecing together these cross-sections, scientists can create a three-dimensional image of the storm. This three-dimensional “CAT scan” can show where the strongest winds are, how far the strong winds extend out from the storm center and where the most intense rainfall occurs.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: Tail Doppler Radar" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6TDO8a3UAko?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 10th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a Drifter!</p> <p><br>Drifters drift with the ocean currents and send their location back to scientists via satellites. Drifters used for the<a href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/global-drifter-program/"> Global Drifter Program</a> at AOML measure sea surface temperature using a thermistor at the base of the float, but most are also equipped to measure other variables. As the drifter moves around, guided by ocean currents, measurements of atmospheric pressure, winds, wave height, and salinity can be taken. A drifter’s drogue, also known as a sea anchor, extends 20 meters (or 65 feet) deep and is designed to move with the near-surface ocean currents. The drogue and surface float move together, connected by a long tether. Without a drogue, the drifter will be transported by wind and waves, much as a beach ball is pushed across the surface of a pool.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: Drifters" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q0yQ4xkL0J0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 11th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: a Water Quality Sensor!</p> <p>Located near the navigation channel in Port Everglades, this water quality sensor uses acoustic modems to transmit data collected at the seafloor to a surface buoy. Data is then sent to a computer server via cell communications in near real-time! The water quality instrument at the seafloor is surrounded by corals and sponges that form vital benthic habitats for many fish and invertebrate species. Placing this sensor here allows for measurements of turbidity, temperature, salinity, the amount of solar radiation that reaches the seafloor, current velocity/direction, wave action, and changes in sediment accumulation on the seabed. By collecting these different kinds of data, scientists at AOML are able to determine whether corals near the port’s navigation channel are being negatively impacted by ongoing dredging activity at the port.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: Water Quality Sensor" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4DZdj8ddLWc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <p>On the 12th day of teKNOWLEDGEy, AOML sent to me: an eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT)! </p> <p>An eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) is a probe that is deployed from a ship along fixed routes that are referred to as “transects”. It measures the temperature as it falls through the water and transmits the data via a very thin wire to the ship where it is recorded for later analysis. XBTs do not measure depth directly. Instead, fall-rate equations are used to derive the depth of the XBT as a function of time after deployment. Data collected from XBTs are transmitted in real-time to data distribution centers (e.g. The Global Telecommunication System). These XBT measurements are used to monitor changes of key surface and subsurface currents, to study meridional heat transport in all ocean basins, and assess the variability of the upper ocean heat content.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="12 Days of TeKNOWLEDGEy: XBT" width="848" height="477" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FYxcyekBQXQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" data-load-mode="1"></iframe> </div></figure> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"> <p>Don’t forget to follow us on social media to see our posts live!</p> <p>You can find us on Instagram: @noaa_aoml </p> <p>You can find us on Twitter: @NOAA_AOML</p> <p>You can find us on Youtube: @NOAAAOML</p> <p></p> </article> <div class="entry-tags"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags</span><a href="/tag/coral-reefs/" rel="tag">coral reefs</a><a href="/tag/education-and-outreach/" rel="tag">education and outreach</a><a href="/tag/hurricane-forecasting/" rel="tag">hurricane forecasting</a><a href="/tag/hurricane-research/" rel="tag">hurricane research</a><a href="/tag/ocean-gliders/" rel="tag">ocean gliders</a><a href="/tag/omics/" rel="tag">omics</a><a href="/tag/physical-oceanography/" rel="tag">Physical Oceanography</a><a href="/tag/water-quality/" rel="tag">water quality</a></div></div> <div class="nav-links post-navigation"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="nav-previous"> <a href="/argo-the-crown-jewel-of-ocean-observing-systems-turns-25/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">Previous</span><span class="screen-reader-text">Previous post:</span><span class="post-title">Argo, the ‘crown jewel’ of ocean observing systems, turns 25</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-2"> <div class="nav-next"> <a href="/ships-of-opportunity-arctic/" rel="next"><span class="meta-nav">Next</span><span class="screen-reader-text">Next post:</span><span class="post-title">Ships of Opportunity: Crossing the Arctic to investigate the ocean’s uptake of carbon and increasing Ocean Acidification</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="footer-widget-area"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div id="nav_menu-4" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Quicklinks</h3><div class="menu-quicklinks-container"><ul id="menu-quicklinks" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-1596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1596"><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1597" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-1597"><a href="/">Homepage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14056" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14056"><a href="/hrd-faq/">Hurricane FAQ</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25609" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25609"><a href="/publication-search/">Publication Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25608"><a href="/people-search/">People Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14055"><a href="/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2742" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2742"><a href="mailto:aoml.communications@noaa.gov">Webmaster</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div id="nav_menu-11" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Agency Links</h3><div class="menu-agency-links-container"><ul id="menu-agency-links" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-5871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5871"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.commerce.gov/">Department of Commerce</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5872"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5873"><a target="_blank" href="https://oar.noaa.gov/">NOAA Research</a></li> </ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-9" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">About the Lab</h3><div class="menu-about-the-lab-container"><ul id="menu-about-the-lab" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-8823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8823"><a href="/aoml-laboratory-review/">Laboratory Reviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-96655" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-96655"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/FY24-Accomplishments-Report-508-COMPLIANT_edited_smol.pdf">2024 Accomplishments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-96653" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-96653"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AOML-FY22-26-Strategic-Plan_Edited.pdf">Strategic Plan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8822" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8822"><a target="_blank" href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Charter-AOML.pdf">Our Charter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-26939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26939"><a href="/history/">Our History</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div id="nav_menu-10" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">For Employees</h3><div class="menu-for-employees-container"><ul id="menu-for-employees" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-30836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-30836"><a href="https://sites.google.com/noaa.gov/aoml/home?authuser=1">Internal AOML Google Site</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-15797"><a href="/communications-services/">Communications Services</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10928"><a href="/facilities-management/">Facilities Management</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4983" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4983"><a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox">Check Email</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4985"><a href="http://intranet.aoml.noaa.gov/emergencyplandsandinformation.html">Emergency Plans (VPN Required)</a></li> </ul></div></div><div id="weglot-translate-2" class="widget widget_weglot-translate"><h3 class="widget-title">Translate</h3><aside data-wg-notranslate="" class="country-selector weglot-inline weglot-widget wg-" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Language selected: English"><input id="wg67b89234090941.359292161740149300436" class="weglot_choice" type="checkbox" name="menu"><label data-l="en" tabindex="-1" for="wg67b89234090941.359292161740149300436" class="wgcurrent wg-li weglot-lang weglot-language weglot-flags flag-3 en" data-code-language="en" data-name-language=""><span class="wglanguage-name"></span></label><ul role="none"><li data-l="es" class="wg-li weglot-lang weglot-language weglot-flags flag-3 es" data-code-language="es" role="option"><a title="Language switcher : Spanish" class="weglot-language-es" role="option" data-wg-notranslate="" href="/es/12-days-of-teknowledgey/"></a></li></ul></aside></div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div id="nav_menu-12" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Legal</h3><div class="menu-legal-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-legal-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-1344" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1344"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/protecting-your-privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1247" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1247"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1248" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1248"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/foia-freedom-of-information-act">NOAA Freedom of Information Act</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25604"><a href="https://www.noaa.gov/office-of-chief-information-officer/it-policy-oversight/information-quality">Information Quality</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25605" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25605"><a href="https://www.noaa.gov/organization/inclusion-and-civil-rights/no-fear-act">No-Fear Act</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25606" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25606"><a href="https://www.commerce.gov/about/policies/plain-language">DOC Plain Language Information</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25607" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25607"><a href="https://www.osec.doc.gov/opog/og/">DOC Open Government</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-right-block"> <div class="footer-socials"> <ul> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="http://www.twitter.com/@NOAA_AOML"><span class="vct-icon-twitter-with-circle"></span></a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="http://instagram.com/noaa_aoml"><span class="vct-icon-instagram-with-circle"></span></a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pHprdRFZMZNegDaZKFB9g"><span class="vct-icon-youtube-with-circle"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-left-block"> <p class="copyright"> <span> Copyright © 2025 NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. All Rights Reserved.</span> <span> Proudly powered by <a href="https://visualcomposer.com/?utm_campaign=vc-theme&utm_source=vc-theme-front&utm_medium=vc-theme-footer" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Visual Composer</a> and <a href="https://wordpress.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">WordPress</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script async="" src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6294131.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="visualcomposerstarter-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var visualcomposerstarter = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"9d9089f386","woo_coupon_form":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="/wp-content/themes/visual-composer-starter/js/functions.min.js" id="visualcomposerstarter-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/wp-content/plugins/wp-smushit/app/assets/js/smush-lazy-load.min.js" id="smush-lazy-load-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ document.querySelectorAll("ul.nav-menu").forEach( ulist => { if (ulist.querySelectorAll("li").length == 0) { ulist.style.display = "none"; } } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/pressextra.js"></script> </body> </html>