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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leg prosthesis</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Peg_leg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Peg leg (disambiguation)">Peg leg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wooden leg" redirects here. For the Cheyenne warrior, see <a href="/wiki/Wooden_Leg" title="Wooden Leg">Wooden Leg</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MWP_Sowinski.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MWP_Sowinski.JPG/250px-MWP_Sowinski.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MWP_Sowinski.JPG/330px-MWP_Sowinski.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MWP_Sowinski.JPG/500px-MWP_Sowinski.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Peg leg of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Sowi%C5%84ski" title="Józef Sowiński">Józef Sowiński</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>peg leg</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prosthesis</a>, or artificial limb, fitted to the remaining stump of a human leg, especially a wooden one fitted at the knee.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use dates to antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 19th century, prosthetics vendors would offer peg legs as cheaper alternatives to more intricate, lifelike artificial legs.<sup id="cite_ref-marks_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even as vendors touted advantages of more complicated prostheses over simple peg legs,<sup id="cite_ref-marks_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to a contemporary surgeon, many patients found a peg leg more comfortable for walking.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to medical reports, some amputees were able to adjust to the use of a peg leg so well that they could walk 10, or even 30, miles in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, wooden peg legs have been replaced by more modern materials, though some sports prostheses do have the same form.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_peg_leg_wearers">Notable peg leg wearers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable peg leg wearers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Le_Clerc" title="François Le Clerc">François Le Clerc</a> (died 1563), <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Jol" title="Cornelis Jol">Cornelis Jol</a>, (1597–1641), privateer and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> (1612–1672), Dutch <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_New_Netherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Director-General of New Netherland">Director-General</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo" title="Blas de Lezo">Blas de Lezo</a> (1687–1741), Spanish admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a> (1752–1816), American politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Watson" title="Brook Watson">Brook Watson</a> (1735–1807), Lord Mayor of London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daumesnil" title="Pierre Daumesnil">Pierre Daumesnil</a> (1776–1832), French general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Sowi%C5%84ski" title="Józef Sowiński">Józef Sowiński</a> (1777–1831), Polish General</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Waters_(busker)" title="Billy Waters (busker)">Billy Waters</a> (1778–1823), aka Black Billy, former African American slave, then sailor in the British Navy until he became an amputee. Also a busker of prolific merit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuk_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Vuk Karadžić">Vuk Karadžić</a> (1787–1864), Serbian linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Smith" title="Thomas L. Smith">Thomas L. Smith</a> (1801–1866), American mountain man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Chmielowski" title="Albert Chmielowski">Albert Chmielowski</a> (1845–1916), Polish artist, founder of the Albertine Brothers and Sisters, saint of the Catholic Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McAlpin_Williamson" title="Robert McAlpin Williamson">Robert McAlpin Williamson</a> (1804?–1859), nicknamed "Three-legged Willie", <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> Supreme Court Justice, state lawmaker, and <a href="/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division" title="Texas Ranger Division">Texas Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushibiki_Yumindo" title="Kushibiki Yumindo">Kushibiki Yumindo</a> (1859?–1924), Japanese impresario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg_Leg_Bates" title="Peg Leg Bates">Peg Leg Bates</a> (1907–1998), dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg_Leg_Sam" title="Peg Leg Sam">Peg Leg Sam</a> (Arthur Jackson) (1911–1977), American blues musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Bill Veeck</a> (1914–1986), American baseball executive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_%22Pegleg%22_Morgan" title="Joe "Pegleg" Morgan">Joe "Pegleg" Morgan</a> (1929–1993), first non-Hispanic member of the Mexican Mafia, an American criminal organization</li> <li>Sita Subedi (1985- ), Nepalese classic dancer and Ms Nepal International 2023</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/peg-leg">"Peg leg"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Peg+leg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fpeg-leg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cantos, Mae (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/Others/HOM/Proceedings%202005.pdf#page=28">"Pirates & Peg Legs: a Historical Look at Amputation and Prosthetics"</a> <i>In:</i> Whitelaw, William A. (2005) (editor) <i>Proceedings of the 14h Annual History of Medicine Days</i> Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 16–20, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225558769">225558769</a>, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marks-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marks_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marks_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks1888" class="citation cs2">Marks, George Edwin (1888), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nh0x_03RfgwC&pg=PA47"><i>A Treatise on Marks' patent artificial limbs with rubber hands and feet</i></a>, A. A. Marks, p. 47</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+Marks%27+patent+artificial+limbs+with+rubber+hands+and+feet&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=A.+A.+Marks&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=George+Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnh0x_03RfgwC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTillmanns1895" class="citation cs2">Tillmanns, Hermann (1895), Stimson, Lewis Atterbury (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BP41AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA128"><i>Title The principles of surgery and surgical pathology: general rules governing operations and the application of dressings</i></a>, D. Appleton and company, p. 128</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Title+The+principles+of+surgery+and+surgical+pathology%3A+general+rules+governing+operations+and+the+application+of+dressings&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+company&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Tillmanns&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBP41AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTeale1858" class="citation cs2">Teale, Thomas Pridgin (1858), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fB4DAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA31"><i>On amputation by a long and a short rectangular flap</i></a>, pp. 29, 31</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+amputation+by+a+long+and+a+short+rectangular+flap&rft.pages=29%2C+31&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Teale&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Pridgin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfB4DAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Carl D. (1965) <i>Prosthetics</i> Standard Arts Press, Butler, Maryland, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5083790">5083790</a>, page 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110312050908/http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/B/stuyvesant/stuyvesant.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"...he lost his leg at Saint Martin.."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/B/stuyvesant/stuyvesant.htm">the original</a> on 2011-03-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22...he+lost+his+leg+at+Saint+Martin..%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.let.rug.nl%2Fusa%2FB%2Fstuyvesant%2Fstuyvesant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Murdoch, George and Wilson, A. Bennett (1998) <i>A primer on amputations and artificial limbs</i> C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-398-06800-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-398-06800-3">0-398-06800-3</a></li> <li>Pitkin, Mark R. (2009) <i>Biomechanics of Lower Limb Prosthetics</i> Springer verlag, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-03015-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-03015-4">978-3-642-03015-4</a></li> <li>Seymour, Ron (2002) <i>Prosthetics and orthotics: lower limb and spinal</i> Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7817-2854-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7817-2854-1">0-7817-2854-1</a></li> <li>Warren, D. W. (2001) <i>James Gillingham: surgical mechanist & manufacturer of artificial limbs</i> Somerset Industrial Archaeology Society, Taunton, England, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9533539-5-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9533539-5-8">0-9533539-5-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peg_leg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBliquez1996" class="citation book cs1">Bliquez, Lawrence J. (1996). "Prosthetics in Classical Antiquity: Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Prosthetics". In Haase, Wolfgang (ed.). <i>Philosophie, Wissenschaften, Technik. Wissenschaften (Medizin und Biologie [Forts.])</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110809008-009">10.1515/9783110809008-009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110809008" title="Special:BookSources/9783110809008"><bdi>9783110809008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prosthetics+in+Classical+Antiquity%3A+Greek%2C+Etruscan%2C+and+Roman+Prosthetics&rft.btitle=Philosophie%2C+Wissenschaften%2C+Technik.+Wissenschaften+%28Medizin+und+Biologie+%26%2391%3BForts.%26%2393%3B%29&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110809008-009&rft.isbn=9783110809008&rft.aulast=Bliquez&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cantos, Mae (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/Others/HOM/Proceedings%202005.pdf#page=28">"Pirates & Peg Legs: a Historical Look at Amputation and Prosthetics"</a> <i>In:</i> Whitelaw, William A. (2005) (editor) <i>Proceedings of the 14h Annual History of Medicine Days</i> Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 16–20, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225558769">225558769</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinch2011" class="citation journal cs1">Finch, Jacqueline (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960190-6">"The ancient origins of prosthetic medicine"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>377</b> (9765): <span class="nowrap">548–</span>549. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960190-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60190-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21341402">21341402</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42637892">42637892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=The+ancient+origins+of+prosthetic+medicine&rft.volume=377&rft.issue=9765&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E548-%3C%2Fspan%3E549&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42637892%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21341402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2811%2960190-6&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252811%252960190-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPadulaFriedmann1987" class="citation journal cs1">Padula, Patricia A.; Friedmann, Lawrence W. (1987). "Acquired Amputation and Prostheses Before the Sixteenth Century". <i>Angiology</i>. <b>38</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">133–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000331978703800207">10.1177/000331978703800207</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3548491">3548491</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37784673">37784673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angiology&rft.atitle=Acquired+Amputation+and+Prostheses+Before+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37784673%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3548491&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000331978703800207&rft.aulast=Padula&rft.aufirst=Patricia+A.&rft.au=Friedmann%2C+Lawrence+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Reeves, Nicholas (1999) "New lights on ancient Egyptian prosthetic medicine" In: Davies, W. V. (editor) (1999) Studies in Egyptian Antiquities. A Tribute to T.G.H. James British Museum Press, London, pp. 73–77, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86159-123-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-86159-123-2">0-86159-123-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThurston2007" class="citation journal cs1">Thurston, Alan J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1445-2197.2007.04330.x">"Paré and Prosthetics: The Early History of Artificial Limbs"</a>. <i>ANZ Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>77</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1114–</span>1119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1445-2197.2007.04330.x">10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04330.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17973673">17973673</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10255728">10255728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANZ+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Par%C3%A9+and+Prosthetics%3A+The+Early+History+of+Artificial+Limbs&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1114-%3C%2Fspan%3E1119&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10255728%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17973673&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1445-2197.2007.04330.x&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1445-2197.2007.04330.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeg+leg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wilson, Philip D. 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