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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Leyla-Tepe culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gil_qab,_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG/220px-Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG/330px-Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG/440px-Gil_qab%2C_Leylat%C9%99p%C9%99_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2918" data-file-height="3805" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ceramic vessel from the site of Leyla-Tepe, near <a href="/wiki/Quzanl%C4%B1" title="Quzanlı">Quzanlı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a> of modern day Azerbaijan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>circa</i> 4350 BCE — <i>circa</i> 4000 BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leyla-Tepe (page does not exist)">Leyla-Tepe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Leyla-Tepe culture</b> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">Leylatəpə mədəniyyəti</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> era. It got its name from the site in the <a href="/wiki/Agdam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Agdam District">Agdam District</a> of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. Its settlements were distributed on the southern slopes of Central Caucasus, from 3800 until 3200 B.C. </p><p>Monuments of the Leyla-Tepe were first located in the 1980s by I. G. Narimanov, a Soviet archaeologist. In the <a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a>, attention to the monuments was inspired by the risk of their damage due to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Ceyhan_pipeline" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline">Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="South Caucasus pipeline">South Caucasus pipeline</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leyla-Tepe_site">Leyla-Tepe site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Leyla-Tepe site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The settlement of Leyla-Tepe is located on the Karabakh plain at the northwestern outskirts of the small village of <a href="/wiki/Eyvazl%C4%B1,_Agdam" title="Eyvazlı, Agdam">Eyvazlı, Agdam</a>, close to the town of <a href="/wiki/Quzanl%C4%B1" title="Quzanlı">Quzanlı</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a> of Azerbaijan. It was discovered in 1984 by I. Narimanov. It is at an altitude of 100 m above sea level. The semi-dry bed of the Khachinchay River is located 8-10 km to the north. The settlement was originally found as a round hill, 50-60 m in diameter and 2 m in height. Its surface was damaged by modern agriculture, but fragments of ancient ceramics were found on the surface. The thickness of the cultural deposits on the site is about 2 m. Research was carried out at the site, but it was suspended because of the military operations in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monument is a single period site without visible cultural changes. Four construction horizons had been identified, of which the upper one was almost completely destroyed by plowing; the lower level was not yet excavated. Few ash pits or refuse accumulations have been found. </p><p>All buildings examined at the Leilatepe settlement are rectangular in plan. They were erected without a foundation, on the levelled ground surface. The walls were made of rectangular mud bricks laid evenly in horizontal rows with the use of mortar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same area of the <a href="/wiki/Aghdam_District" title="Aghdam District">Aghdam District</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Karabakh" title="Karabakh">Karabakh</a> valley, there are also some other sites belonging to Leyla-Tepe culture. They are Chinar-Tepe, Shomulu-Tepe (near <a href="/wiki/Mir%C9%99%C5%9Felli" title="Mirəşelli">Mirəşelli</a> village), and Abdal-Aziz-Tepe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aghdam District had been disputed in recent <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> wars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_and_influences">Characteristics and influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics and influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Leyla-Tepe culture is also attested at <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_K%C9%99sik" title="Böyük Kəsik">Böyük Kəsik</a> in the lower layers of this settlement. The inhabitants apparently buried their dead in ceramic vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-АА_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-АА-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar amphora burials in the South Caucasus are found in the Western Georgian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jar-burial_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jar-burial culture (page does not exist)">Jar-burial culture</a>, that is mostly of a much later date. <a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burials</a> are attested in many parts of the world as early as 4500 BC. </p><p>The ancient <a href="/wiki/Poylu_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylu II">Poylu II</a> settlement was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Aghstafa_District" title="Aghstafa District">Aghstafa District</a> of modern day Azerbaijan during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Ceyhan_pipeline" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline">Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline</a>. The lowermost layer dates to the early fourth millennium BC, attesting a multilayer settlement of Leyla-Tepe culture.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the sites associated with this culture, the <a href="/wiki/Soyugbulag" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyugbulag">Soyugbulag</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">kurgans</a> or barrows are of special importance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The excavation of these kurgans, located in <a href="/wiki/Kaspi_Municipality" title="Kaspi Municipality">Kaspi Municipality</a>, in central Georgia, demonstrated an unexpectedly early date of such structures on the territory of Azerbaijan. They were dated to the beginning of the 4th millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The culture has also been linked to the north <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a> monuments,<sup id="cite_ref-Гуп_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Гуп-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in particular, with the settlements in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">Eastern Anatolia Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arslantepe" title="Arslantepe">Arslantepe</a>, Coruchu-tepe, Tepechik, etc.). </p><p>The settlement is of a typical Western-Asian variety, with the dwellings packed closely together and made of mud bricks with smoke outlets. </p><p>It has been suggested that the Leyla-Tepe were the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Maykop_culture" title="Maykop culture">Maykop culture</a>. According to Catherine Marro (2022), Maykop/Majkop culture "is certainly connected with the Leyla Tepe complex".<sup id="cite_ref-Marro_2022_pp._111–130_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marro_2022_pp._111–130-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An expedition to Syria by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> revealed the similarity of the Maykop and Leyla-Tepe artifacts with those found in 1988–2000 while excavating the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Tell_Khaznah" title="Tell Khaznah">Tel Khazneh</a> I, dating from the 4th millennium BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leyla-Tepe pottery is very similar to the 'Chaff-Faced Ware' of the northern Syria and Mesopotamia. It is especially well attested at <a href="/wiki/Amuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuq">Amuq</a> F phase.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar pottery is also found at <a href="/wiki/Kultepe,_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kultepe, Azerbaijan">Kultepe, Azerbaijan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galayeri">Galayeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Galayeri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Galayeri" title="Galayeri">Galayeri</a></div> <p>In 2012, the important site of <a href="/wiki/Galayeri" title="Galayeri">Galayeri</a>, belonging to the Leyla-Tepe archaeological culture, was investigated by Najaf Museibli. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Qabala_District" title="Qabala District">Qabala District</a> of modern day Azerbaijan. The location is in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Qabala_International_Airport" title="Qabala International Airport">Qabala International Airport</a>, about 20km south from the city of <a href="/wiki/Qabala" title="Qabala">Qabala</a> (Gabala).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Structures consisting of clay layers are typical; no mud-brick walls have been detected at Galayeri. Almost all findings have Eastern Anatolian Chalcolithic characteristics. The closest analogues of the Galayeri clay constructions are found at Arslantepe/<a href="/wiki/Melid" class="mw-redirect" title="Melid">Melid</a> VII in Temple C.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site was further investigated in 2018. </p><p>The archaeological material of the Galayeri settlement is very similar to the finds at the settlements of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_K%C9%99sik_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Böyük Kəsik I">Böyük Kəsik I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poylu_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylu II">Poylu II</a>, as well as the Leyla Tepe site. Especially the ceramics are similar at all these sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small metal tools finds indicate the production of metal here 6 thousand years ago. Also the remains of a very early potter's wheel have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radiocarbon dating indicates that Galayeri settlement goes back to the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, which is also supported by the archaeological artifacts found at the settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metalwork">Metalwork</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metalwork"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Leyla-Tepe culture in the Caucasus marked the early appearance of extractive copper metallurgy. According to research published in 2017, this development that occurred in the second half of the 5th millennium BC preceded the appearance of metallurgy in Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-Marro_2022_pp._111–130_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marro_2022_pp._111–130-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent past, the development of copper metallurgy in the Caucasus was attributed to migrants from <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> arriving around 4500 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-akhundov_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akhundov-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or perhaps rather to the pre-Uruk traditions, such as the late <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a>, and Ubaid-Uruk phases.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter's_Marks_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter's_Marks-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leyla-Tepe metalwork tradition was seen as very sophisticated right from the beginning, and it featured many bronze items. Later, the quality of metallurgy declined somewhat with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a>. Only during the latter stages of Kura–Araxes culture, there was again an improvement in quality.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Category:History of Azerbaijan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">History of <span class="fn org label">Azerbaijan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/200px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/300px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg/400px-Ancient_Azerbaijan_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Prehistory" title="History of Azerbaijan">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze Age</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan#Late_Bronze_–_Iron_Age" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Iron Age</a> </span> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>6000–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalcolithic_culture_of_Nakhchivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalcolithic culture of Nakhchivan (page does not exist)">Chalcolithic culture of Nakhchivan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4945–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3800 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4350–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>4000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3400–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>2000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_culture" title="Nakhchivan culture">Nakhchivan culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>3000–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>2000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Talish%E2%80%93Mughan_culture" title="Talish–Mughan culture">Talish–Mughan culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1400–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay culture</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1300–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_antiquity" title="Azerbaijan in antiquity">Antiquity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/I%C5%A1kuza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iškuza">Kingdom of Iškuza</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>700 BC–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>590s BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">550 BC–330 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)#Under_the_Achaemenids" title="Media (region)">Satrapy of Media</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>550 BC – 323 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">312 BC – 63 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">247 BC – AD 224</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>200 BC – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>AD 800</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_influence_in_Caucasian_Albania" title="Roman influence in Caucasian Albania">Roman Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 27 BC – AD 395</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Middle Ages in Azerbaijan">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 224–651</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania_(Sasanian_province)" title="Caucasian Albania (Sasanian province)"> Satrapy of Albania</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>252–636</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">632–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      •  <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Islamic conquest</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">633–654</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania#Islamic_era" title="Caucasian Albania">Arran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–705</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania#Islamic_era" title="Caucasian Albania">Arran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>650–705</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Arminiya#Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Arminiya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 705–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">      • <a href="/wiki/Arminiya#Abbasid_period_until_884" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Arminiya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">705–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshahs" title="Shirvanshahs">Shirvanshahs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">861–1538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sajid_dynasty" title="Sajid dynasty">Sajids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">889–929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">951–1199</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">919–1062</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Middle Ages in Azerbaijan">High Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1037–1194</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1077–1231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1135–1225</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan">Mongol Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1206–1368</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1256–1335</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanids</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1335–1357</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1370–1507</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1374–1468</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1378–1503</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Early_Modern_History" title="History of Azerbaijan">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Shirvan" title="Safavid Shirvan">Safavid Shirvan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Karabakh" title="Safavid Karabakh">Safavid Karabakh</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Province_(Safavid_Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan Province (Safavid Iran)">Chokhur-e Sa'd</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1502–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1299–1922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirvan_Eyalet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirvan Eyalet (page does not exist)">Shirvan Eyalet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirvan_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Şirvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1578–1607</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja-Qarabagh_Eyalet_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (I) (page does not exist)">Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nc%C9%99-Qaraba%C4%9F_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Gəncə-Qarabağ əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1588–1606</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revan_Eyalet_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revan Eyalet (I) (page does not exist)">Revan Eyalet (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0r%C9%99van_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:İrəvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1583–1604</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhchivan_Sanjak_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhchivan Sanjak (I) (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan Sanjak (I)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Naxçıvan sancağı">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1583–1604</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja-Qarabagh_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nc%C9%99-Qaraba%C4%9F_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Gəncə-Qarabağ əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1725–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revan_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revan Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Revan Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0r%C9%99van_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:İrəvan əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1724–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhchivan_Sanjak_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhchivan Sanjak (II) (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan Sanjak (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nax%C3%A7%C4%B1van_sanca%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Naxçıvan sancağı">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1724–1736</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiflis_Eyalet_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiflis Eyalet (II) (page does not exist)">Tiflis Eyalet (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiflis_%C9%99yal%C9%99ti" class="extiw" title="az:Tiflis əyaləti">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1723–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazak_Sanjak_(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazak Sanjak (II) (page does not exist)">Kazak Sanjak (II)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax_livas%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="az:Qazax livası">az</a>]</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1723–1735</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1736–1796</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_Afsharid_Empire" title="Division of the Afsharid Empire">Division of Afsharid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1604–1844</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Elisu_Sultanate" title="Elisu Sultanate">Elisu Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1604–1844</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_sultanate" title="Kazakh sultanate">Kazakh sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1605–1801</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Djaro-Belokani" class="mw-redirect" title="Djaro-Belokani">Djaro-Belokani</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1600s–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1800s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shaki_Khanate" title="Shaki Khanate">Shaki Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1743–1819</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Ganja_Khanate" title="Ganja Khanate">Ganja Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1805</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Talysh_Khanate" title="Talysh Khanate">Talysh Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Qutqashen_Sultanate" title="Qutqashen Sultanate">Qutqashen Sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1841</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Baku_Khanate" title="Baku Khanate">Baku Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1806</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shamshadil" title="Shamshadil"> Shamshadil sultanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1801</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Quba_Khanate" title="Quba Khanate">Quba Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1747–1806</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Karabakh_Khanate" title="Karabakh Khanate">Karabakh Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1748–1822</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kurakchay" title="Treaty of Kurakchay">Treaty of Kurakchay</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1805</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Shirvan_Khanate" title="Shirvan Khanate">Shirvan Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1748–1820</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1751–1794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1789–1925</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Fourth Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Fifth Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1721–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Second Russo-Persian War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1722–1723</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Viceroyalty_(1801%E2%80%931917)" title="Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)"> Caucasus Viceroyalty</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1801–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Baku_Governorate" title="Baku Governorate">Baku Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1846–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1849–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">          • <a href="/wiki/Zakatal_okrug" title="Zakatal okrug">Zakatal okrug</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1859–1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Elizavetpol_Governorate" title="Elizavetpol Governorate">Elizavetpol Governorate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1867–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Special_Transcaucasian_Committee" title="Special Transcaucasian Committee">Special Transcaucasian Committee</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Modern_history" title="History of Azerbaijan">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Commissariat" title="Transcaucasian Commissariat">Transcaucasian Commissariat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/26_Baku_Commissars" title="26 Baku Commissars">Baku Commune</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Centrocaspian_Dictatorship" title="Centrocaspian Dictatorship">Centrocaspian Dictatorship</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Aras" title="Republic of Aras">Republic of Aras</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1919</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mughan_Soviet_Republic" title="Mughan Soviet Republic">Mughan Soviet Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1919</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918 - 1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baku" title="Battle of Baku">Battle of Baku</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       •  <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1920</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1920–1922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasian SFSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1922–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1936–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">World War II</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           •  <a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Republic of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Contemporary_History" title="History of Azerbaijan">Contemporary history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1991–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">I Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1988–1994</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol" title="Bishkek Protocol">Bishkek Protocol</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1994</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">       • <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">II Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">           • <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">Ceasefire Agreement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(toponym)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan (toponym)">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of heads of state of Azerbaijan">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Azerbaijanis" title="Origin of the Azerbaijanis">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Economic history of Azerbaijan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Military history of Azerbaijan">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Azerbaijan" title="List of wars involving Azerbaijan">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakasene" title="Sakasene">Sakasene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utik" title="Utik">Utik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambysene" title="Cambysene">Cambysene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardman" title="Gardman">Gardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskut" title="Maskut">Maskut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_plain" title="Mughan plain">Mughan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasagan" title="Balasagan">Balasagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspiane" title="Caspiane">Caspiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paytakaran" title="Paytakaran">Paytakaran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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talk:History of Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Azerbaijan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Azerbaijan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarim_Tepe" title="Yarim Tepe">Yarim Tepe</a>, Iraq</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Т. И. Ахундов, В. А. Махмудова, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saunje.ge/index.php?id=1820&lang=en">Южный Кавказ в кавказско-переднеазиатских этнокультурных процессах в IV тыс. до н.э.</a> Баку, 2008 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Т. И. Ахундов, В. А. Махмудова, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saunje.ge/index.php?id=1820&lang=en">Южный Кавказ в кавказско-переднеазиатских этнокультурных процессах в IV тыс. до н.э.</a> Баку, 2008 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Т. И. Ахундов, В. А. Махмудова, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saunje.ge/index.php?id=1820&lang=en">Южный Кавказ в кавказско-переднеазиатских этнокультурных процессах в IV тыс. до н.э.</a> Баку, 2008. (ЧИНАРТЕПЕ, ШОМУЛУТЕПЕ, АБДАЛ АЗИЗТЕПЕ)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-АА-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-АА_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxeoloq.az/?p=283">Археология Азербаиджана</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Najaf Museyibli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agt.si.edu/_images/uncover_more/site_reports/_site_report_pdf/azerbaijan/KP%20408.8%20Poylu%20II%20Report%202008_English.pdf">Poylu II Report On Excavations of Poylu II Settlement At Kilometre Point 408.8 of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002180457/http://agt.si.edu/_images/uncover_more/site_reports/_site_report_pdf/azerbaijan/KP%20408.8%20Poylu%20II%20Report%202008_English.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Baku–Azerbaijan, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Najaf Museyibly, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agt.si.edu/_images/uncover_more/workshop/ENG_PDF/MUSEYIBLY_Archaeological-Excavations-Along-the-Route-of-the-Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan-Crude-Oil-Pipeline-and-the-South-Caucasus-Gas-Pipeline.pdf">Archeological Excavations Along the Route of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan Crude Oil Pipeline and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline, 2002–2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRomano2010" class="citation book cs1">Romano, Licia (2010). <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East: Excavations, surveys and restorations : reports on recent field archaeology in the Near East</i>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447062169" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447062169"><bdi>978-3447062169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+6th+International+Congress+of+the+Archaeology+of+the+Ancient+Near+East%3A+Excavations%2C+surveys+and+restorations+%3A+reports+on+recent+field+archaeology+in+the+Near+East&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3447062169&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Licia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeyla-Tepe+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Гуп-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Гуп_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426050656/http://www.nasledie.org/v3/ru/?action=view&id=249227">Гуп «Наследие» В. Л. Ростунов</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marro_2022_pp._111–130-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marro_2022_pp._111–130_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marro_2022_pp._111–130_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarro2022" class="citation journal cs1">Marro, Catherine (2022-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.science/hal-03919274/file/PAL48-1_marro-1.pdf">"The View from the North"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Paléorient</i> (<span class="nowrap">48–</span>1). OpenEdition: <span class="nowrap">111–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fpaleorient.1675">10.4000/paleorient.1675</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0153-9345">0153-9345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pal%C3%A9orient&rft.atitle=The+View+from+the+North&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2022-07-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fpaleorient.1675&rft.issn=0153-9345&rft.aulast=Marro&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.science%2Fhal-03919274%2Ffile%2FPAL48-1_marro-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeyla-Tepe+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Р. М. Мунчаев, Н. Я. Мерперт, Ш. Н. Амиров <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleog.ru/hazna.html">ТЕЛЛЬ-ХАЗНА I. Культово-административный центр IV–III тыс. до н. э. в Северо-восточной Сирии.</a> Издательство «Палеограф». Москва 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89526-012-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-89526-012-8">5-89526-012-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Sagona, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ueg7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA136">The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age.</a> Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, 2017 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1107016592" title="Special:BookSources/1107016592">1107016592</a> p136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10.08.2018 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.gov.az/en/news/open/8526">Archaeological excavations held in the ancient settlement of Gabala region.</a> Azerbaijan National Academy of Science - science.gov.az</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frangipane, M. (2009) Non-urban hierarchical patterns of territorial and political organisation in northern regions of Greater Mesopotamia: Tepe Gawra and Arslantepe. <i>Subartu</i>, XXIII, 133–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museibli_2019_pp._64–76_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseibli2019" class="citation journal cs1">Museibli, Najaf (2019-12-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1726373">"THE GALAYERI SETTLEMENT: LATE CHALCOLITHIC TRADITIONS OF EASTERN ANATOLIA AND THE CAUCASUS"</a>. <i>Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi</i>. <b>25</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">64–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22520%2Ftubaar.2019.25.004">10.22520/tubaar.2019.25.004</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%BCrkiye+Bilimler+Akademisi+Arkeoloji+Dergisi&rft.atitle=THE+GALAYERI+SETTLEMENT%3A+LATE+CHALCOLITHIC+TRADITIONS+OF+EASTERN+ANATOLIA+AND+THE+CAUCASUS&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2019-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22520%2Ftubaar.2019.25.004&rft.aulast=Museibli&rft.aufirst=Najaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Ftr%2Fdownload%2Farticle-file%2F1726373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeyla-Tepe+culture" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10.08.2018 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.gov.az/en/news/open/8526">Archaeological excavations held in the ancient settlement of Gabala region.</a> Azerbaijan National Academy of Science - science.gov.az</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gailhard N., Bode M., Bakhshaliyev V., Hauptmann A. and Marro C. 2017 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/42317501/">Archeometallurgical investigations in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan: What does the Evidence from Ovçular Tepesi tell us about the beginning of extractive metallurgy?</a> Journal of Field Archaeology 42,6: 530-550.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-akhundov-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-akhundov_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tufan Isaakoglu Akhundov, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9535165/">At the Beginning of Caucasian Metallurgy</a>. Problems of Early Metal Age Archaeology of Caucasus and Anatolia. Proceedings of International Conference. Tbilisi, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potter's_Marks-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Potter's_Marks_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Najaf Museyibli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maajournal.com/Issues/2016/Vol16-1/Full24.pdf">Potter's Marks on Leilatepe Culture Pottery: Eastern Anatolian Chalcolithic Traditions in the Caucasus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409215705/http://maajournal.com/Issues/2016/Vol16-1/Full24.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry</i>, Vol. 16, No 1, (2016), pp. 283–294 doi 10.5281/zenodo.44772</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tufan Isaakoglu Akhundov, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9535165/">At the Beginning of Caucasian Metallurgy</a>. Problems of Early Metal Age Archaeology of Caucasus and Anatolia. Proceedings of International Conference. Tbilisi, 2014 (pages 13, 15)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Р. М. Мунчаев, Н. Я. Мерперт, Ш. Н. Амиров ТЕЛЛЬ-ХАЗНА I. Культово-административный центр IV–III тыс. до н. э. в Северо-восточной Сирии. Издательство «Палеограф». Москва 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89526-012-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-89526-012-8">5-89526-012-8</a></li> <li>Najaf Museyibly, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agt.si.edu/_images/uncover_more/workshop/ENG_PDF/MUSEYIBLY_Archaeological-Excavations-Along-the-Route-of-the-Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan-Crude-Oil-Pipeline-and-the-South-Caucasus-Gas-Pipeline.pdf">Archeological Excavations Along the Route of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan Crude Oil Pipeline and the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline, 2002–2005</a></li> <li>Veli Bakhshaliyev 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/12717?lang=en">Archaeological investigations at Nakhchivan Tepe.</a> in Catherine Marro and Thomas Stöllner, eds. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarroStöllner2021" class="citation book cs1">Marro, Catherine; Stöllner, Thomas, eds. (2021). <i>On salt, copper and gold: The origins of early mining and metallurgy in the Caucasus</i>. MOM Éditions. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.momeditions.12257">10.4000/books.momeditions.12257</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35668-074-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35668-074-7"><bdi>978-2-35668-074-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+salt%2C+copper+and+gold%3A+The+origins+of+early+mining+and+metallurgy+in+the+Caucasus&rft.pub=MOM+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.momeditions.12257&rft.isbn=978-2-35668-074-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeyla-Tepe+culture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyla-Tepe_culture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Museibli, Nadžaf (2020). "Die Leilatepe-Kultur im Südkaukasus an der Kreuzung der Traditionen Vorderasiens und Südosteuropas / Лейлатепинская культура Южного Кавказа на перекрестке традиций Передней Азии и Юго-Восточной Европы" [The Leilatepe culture in the South Caucasus at the crossroads of the traditions of the Near East and Southeast Europe]. In: Kašuba, Maya T.; Reinhold, Sabine; Piotrovskij, Jurij Ju. (eds). <i>Der Kaukasus zwischen Osteuropa und Vorderem Orient in der Bronze- und Eisenzeit: Dialog der Kulturen, Kultur des Dialoges. Кавказ между Восточной Европой и Передним Востоком в бронзовом и железном веке: диалог культур, культура диалога.</i> Berlin: Reimer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01642-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01642-7">978-3-496-01642-7</a>, pp. 55–81 (in German and Russian).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bronze_Age157" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bronze_Age_footer" title="Template:Bronze Age footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bronze_Age_footer" title="Template talk:Bronze Age footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bronze_Age_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bronze Age footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bronze_Age157" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>↑ <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abashevo_culture" title="Abashevo culture">Abashevo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Aegean civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorican_Tumulus_culture" title="Armorican Tumulus culture">Armorican Tumulus culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex" title="Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex">BMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Britain" title="Bronze Age Britain">Bronze Age Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Bronze Age Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bronze_Age_sites_in_China" title="List of Bronze Age sites in China">Chinese Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_stones_culture" title="Deer stones culture">Deer stones culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deverel%E2%80%93Rimbury_culture" title="Deverel–Rimbury culture">Deverel–Rimbury culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elp_culture" title="Elp culture">Elp culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewart_Park_Phase" title="Ewart Park Phase">Ewart Park Phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezero_culture" title="Ezero culture">Ezero culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazkov_culture" title="Glazkov culture">Glazkov culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Argar_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="El Argar culture">Argaric culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helladic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic period">Helladic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Late Jomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasuk_culture" title="Karasuk culture">Karasuk culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun pottery period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okunev_culture" title="Okunev culture">Okunev culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penard_Period" title="Penard Period">Penard Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samus_culture" title="Samus culture">Samus culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-Western_Iberian_Bronze" title="South-Western Iberian Bronze">South-Western Iberian Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srubnaya_culture" title="Srubnaya culture">Srubnaya culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagar_culture" title="Tagar culture">Tagar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_mummies" title="Tarim mummies">Tarim Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trzciniec_culture" title="Trzciniec culture">Trzciniec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus_culture" title="Tumulus culture">Tumulus culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9An%C4%9Btice_culture" title="Únětice culture">Únětice culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urnfield_culture" title="Urnfield culture">Urnfield culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wessex_culture" title="Wessex culture">Wessex culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilburton-Wallington_Phase" title="Wilburton-Wallington Phase">Wilburton-Wallington Phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(North Caucasus<br />and Transcaucasia)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurgan culture">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban_culture" title="Koban culture">Koban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri-Shomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti_culture" title="Trialeti culture">Trialeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop_culture" title="Maykop culture">Maykop culture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar-Burial_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jar-Burial Culture">Jar-Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>↓ <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Azerbaijan_articles779" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Template:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Template talk:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Azerbaijan_articles779" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Azerbaijan-related_articles" title="Index of Azerbaijan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Stone Age in Azerbaijan">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_Iron_Age_in_Azerbaijan" title="Bronze and Iron Age in Azerbaijan">Bronze and Iron age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_culture" title="Nakhchivan culture">Nakhchivan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly%E2%80%93Gadabay_culture" title="Khojaly–Gadabay culture">Khojaly–Gadabay culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughan culture">Mughan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar-Burial_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jar-Burial Culture">Jar-Burial Culture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leyla-Tepe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran (Caucasus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_dynasty" title="Sajid dynasty">Sajid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallarid_dynasty" title="Sallarid dynasty">Sallarid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshahs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%9313)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–13)">Russo-Persian War (1804–13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%931907" title="Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907">Armenian–Tatar massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Soviet Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan#Independent_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Independent Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_name_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the name Azerbaijan">History of the name Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_of_Fire" title="The Land of Fire">The Land of Fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Azerbaijan" title="Coat of arms of Azerbaijan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodies_of_water_of_Azerbaijan" title="Bodies of water of Azerbaijan">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Azerbaijan" title="Climate change in Azerbaijan">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of earthquakes in Azerbaijan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Azerbaijan" title="Environment of Azerbaijan">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Azerbaijan" title="Extreme points of Azerbaijan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Azerbaijan" title="Fauna of Azerbaijan">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flora of Azerbaijan">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geology of Azerbaijan">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves of Azerbaijan">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_of_Azerbaijan" title="Mountains of Azerbaijan">Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of lakes of Azerbaijan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Azerbaijan" title="National parks of Azerbaijan">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Orography of Azerbaijan">Orography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Azerbaijan" title="List of protected areas of Azerbaijan">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_reserves_of_Azerbaijan" title="State reserves of Azerbaijan">State reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Azerbaijan" title="Wildlife of Azerbaijan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Azerbaijan" title="Borders of Azerbaijan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of cities in Azerbaijan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cabinet of Azerbaijan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Azerbaijan" title="Constitution of Azerbaijan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Azerbaijan" title="Foreign relations of Azerbaijan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Azerbaijan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Children's rights in Azerbaijan">Children's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of political parties in Azerbaijan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Politics of Azerbaijan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_policy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Migration policy of Azerbaijan">Migration</a></li></ul> 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