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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medieval_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Medieval origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14th–16th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14th–16th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>14th–16th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14th–16th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th–18th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th–18th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>17th–18th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th–18th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th–21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th–21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>19th–21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th–21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brussels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brussels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brussels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brussels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liège" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liège"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Liège</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liège-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flemish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flemish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Flemish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flemish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>American</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Belgian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bergische" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bergische"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Bergische</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bergische-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pandan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pandan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Pandan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pandan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croffle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croffle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Croffle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croffle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kue_gapit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kue_gapit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Kue gapit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kue_gapit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandinavian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Scandinavian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gofri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gofri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Gofri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gofri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stroopwafel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stroopwafel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Stroopwafel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stroopwafel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galettes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galettes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Galettes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galettes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hotdog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hotdog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>Hotdog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hotdog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Waffle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="وافل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وافل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafli" title="Vafli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vafli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kak-pi%C3%A1%E2%81%BF" title="Kak-piáⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kak-piáⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Вафля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вафля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Вафля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вафля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гофрета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гофрета" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galfrez" title="Galfrez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galfrez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofra" title="Gofra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gofra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вафли – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вафли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafle" title="Vafle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vafle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffl" title="Waffl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Waffl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaffel" title="Vaffel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vaffel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffel" title="Waffel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Waffel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Βάφλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βάφλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofre" title="Gofre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gofre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaflo" title="Vaflo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaflo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofre" title="Gofre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gofre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="وافل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وافل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaufre_(cuisine)" title="Gaufre (cuisine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaufre (cuisine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%ED%94%8C" title="와플 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와플" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Վաֆլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վաֆլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafel_proizvod" title="Vafel proizvod – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vafel proizvod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaflo" title="Vaflo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vaflo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafel" title="Wafel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wafel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaffla" title="Vaffla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vaffla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaufre" title="Gaufre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gaufre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C_(%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="ופל (מאפה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ופל (מאפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafel" title="Wafel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wafel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಾಫ಼ಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಫ಼ಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვაფლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვაფლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вафли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вафли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaflum" title="Vaflum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vaflum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisekuch" title="Eisekuch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eisekuch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffel" title="Waffel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Waffel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Вафла – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вафла" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" title="وافل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وافل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafel" title="Wafel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wafel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafel" title="Wafel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wafel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB" title="ワッフル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワッフル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafler" title="Vafler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vafler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaffel" title="Vaffel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vaffel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofr" title="Gofr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gofr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Waffle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofr%C4%83" title="Gofră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gofră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Вафля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вафля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Waffle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaf%C4%BEa" title="Vafľa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vafľa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vafelj" title="Vafelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vafelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Галете – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Галете" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohveli" title="Vohveli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vohveli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5ffla" title="Våffla – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Våffla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Waffle" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Вафля – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Вафля" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB%E9%A5%BC" title="沃夫饼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沃夫饼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BB%94%E9%A4%85" title="格仔餅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格仔餅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E5%A4%AB" title="窩夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="窩夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Batter- or dough-based food</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the batter/dough-based food. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Waffle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Waffle (disambiguation)">Waffle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Waffle</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg/220px-Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg/330px-Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg/440px-Waffles_with_Strawberries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Waffles with strawberry topping</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Batter_(cooking)" title="Batter (cooking)">Batter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">dough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">Liège waffle, Brussels waffle, Flemish waffle, Bergische waffle, <a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafel</a>, and others</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Waffle_recipes" class="extiw" title="b:Category:Waffle recipes">Cookbook: Waffle</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Waffle" class="extiw" title="commons:Waffle">Media: Waffle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>waffle</b> is a dish made from leavened <a href="/wiki/Batter_(cooking)" title="Batter (cooking)">batter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">dough</a> that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. There are many variations based on the type of <a href="/wiki/Waffle_iron" title="Waffle iron">waffle iron</a> and recipe used. Waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, which has over a dozen regional varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially cooked and frozen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>waffle</i> first appears in the English language in 1725: "Waffles. Take flower, cream...."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is directly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wafel</i></span>, which itself derives from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">wafele</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Middle Dutch <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">wafele</i></span> is first attested to at the end of the 13th century, it is preceded by the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">walfre</i></span> in 1185. Both are from the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a> word <span title="Old Frankish-language text"><i lang="frk">wafla</i></span> ("honeycomb" or "cake").<sup id="cite_ref-Gaufre_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaufre-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other spellings throughout modern and medieval Europe include waffe, wafre, wafer, wâfel, waufre, iauffe, gaufre, goffre, gauffre, wafe, waffel, wåfe, wāfel, wafe, vaffel, and våffla.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_origins">Medieval origins</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient">ancient</a> times, the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> cooked flat cakes, called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">obelios</i></span>, between hot metal plates. As they spread throughout medieval <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the cakes—made from a mixture of flour, water or milk, and often eggs—became known as wafers and were also cooked over an open fire between iron plates with long handles.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Round metal plate decorated with raised pattern of flowers, vines, and leaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg/220px-Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg/330px-Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg/440px-Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a Belgian <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moule à oublie</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Waffles are preceded, in the early Middle Ages, around the period of the 9th–10th centuries, with the simultaneous emergence of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fer à hosties</i></span> / <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">hostieijzers</i></span> (communion wafer irons) and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moule à oublies</i></span> (wafer irons).<sup id="cite_ref-soubigou_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soubigou-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">communion wafer</a> irons typically depicted imagery of Jesus and his crucifixion, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moule à oublies</i></span> featured more trivial Biblical scenes or simple, emblematic designs.<sup id="cite_ref-soubigou_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soubigou-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The format of the iron itself was almost always round and considerably larger than those used for communion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oublie was, in its basic form, composed only of grain flour and water—just as the communion wafer was.<sup id="cite_ref-marks_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marks-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took until the 11th century, when the Crusades brought new culinary ingredients to Western Europe, for flavorings such as orange blossom water to be added to oublies; however, locally sourced honey and other flavorings may have already been in use before that time.<sup id="cite_ref-marks_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marks-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oublies (which formally received this name <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>) spread throughout northwestern continental Europe. Their spread eventually led to the formation of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">oublieurs</i></span> guild in 1270.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oublieurs/obloyers were responsible for producing not only oublies but also a number of other contemporaneous and subsequent <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pâtisseries légères</i></span> (light pastries), including the waffles that were soon to arise.<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14th–16th_centuries"><span id="14th.E2.80.9316th_centuries"></span>14th–16th centuries</h3></div> <p>In the late 14th century, the first known waffle recipe was penned in an anonymous manuscript, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9nagier_de_Paris" title="Le Ménagier de Paris">Le Ménagier de Paris</a></i></span>, written by a husband as a set of instructions to his young wife.<sup id="cite_ref-delahoyde_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delahoyde-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it technically contains four recipes, all are a variation of the first: <i>Beat some eggs in a bowl, season with salt and add wine. Toss in some flour, and mix. Then fill, little by little, two irons at a time with as much of the paste as a slice of cheese is large. Then close the iron and cook both sides. If the dough does not detach easily from the iron, coat it first with a piece of cloth that has been soaked in oil or grease</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other three variations explain how cheese is to be placed between two layers of batter, grated and mixed into the batter, or left out, along with the eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was a waffle / <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gaufre</i></span> in name only, as the recipe contained no leavening. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rectangular metal plates hinged together along bottom edge; inside face of the iron is carved with lines and circular patterns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG/220px-Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG/330px-Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG/440px-Waffle_iron_Mus%C3%A9e_Lorrain_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moule à oublie / moule à gaufre</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Musée Lorrain</span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Though some have speculated that <a href="/wiki/Waffle_iron" title="Waffle iron">waffle irons</a> first appeared in the 13th–14th centuries, it was not until the 15th century that a true physical distinction between the oublie and the waffle began to evolve.<sup id="cite_ref-soubigou_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soubigou-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, while a recipe like the fourth in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Ménagier de Paris</i></span> was only flour, salt, and wine—indistinguishable from common oublie recipes of the time—what emerged was a new shape to many of the irons being produced. Not only were the newly fashioned ones rectangular, taking the form of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fer à hosties</i></span>, but some circular oublie irons were cut down to create rectangles.<sup id="cite_ref-soubigou_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soubigou-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also in this period that the waffle's classic grid motif appeared clearly in a French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">fer à oublie</i></span> and a Belgian <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wafelijzer</i></span>—albeit in a more shallowly engraved fashion—setting the stage for the more deeply gridded irons that were about to become commonplace throughout Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG/220px-Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG/330px-Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG/440px-Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Detail from Pieter Bruegel's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fight_Between_Carnival_and_Lent" title="The Fight Between Carnival and Lent">Het gevecht tussen Carnaval en Vasten</a></i> – among the first known images of waffles</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 16th century, paintings by <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl">Joachim de Beuckelaer, Pieter Aertsen</span></span> and <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl">Pieter Bruegel</span></span> clearly depict the modern waffle form.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruegel's work, in particular, not only shows waffles being cooked, but fine detail of individual waffles. In those instances, the waffle pattern can be counted as a large 12x7 grid, with cleanly squared sides, suggesting the use of a fairly thin batter, akin to contemporary Brussels waffles (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Brusselse wafels</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-bruegel_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruegel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest of the 16th century waffle recipes, <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Om ghode waffellen te backen</i></span>—from the Dutch <i>KANTL 15</i> manuscript (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500–1560</span>)—is only the second-known waffle recipe after the four variants described in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Ménagier de Paris</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time, partial measurements were given, sugar was used, and spices were added directly to the batter: <i>Take grated white bread. Take with that the yolk of an egg and a spoonful of pot sugar or powdered sugar. Take with that half water and half wine, and ginger and cinnamon.</i><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternately attributed to the 16th and 17th centuries, <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Groote Wafelen</i></span> from the Belgian <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Een Antwerps kookboek</i></span> was published as the first recipe to use leavening (beer yeast): <i>Take white flour, warm cream, fresh melted butter, yeast, and mix together until the flour is no longer visible. Then add ten or twelve egg yolks. Those who do not want them to be too expensive may also add the egg white and just milk. Put the resulting dough at the fireplace for four hours to let it rise better before baking it.</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until this time, no recipes contained leavening, and dough could therefore be easily cooked in the thin <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">moule à oublies</i></span>. <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Groote Wafelen</i></span>, in its use of leavening, was the genesis of contemporary waffles and validates the use of deeper irons (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wafelijzers</i></span>) depicted in the <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl">Beuckelaer</span></span> and <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl">Bruegel</span></span> paintings of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-bruegel_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruegel-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Agen)_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/220px-%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/330px-%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg/440px-%28Agen%29_Portrait_de_Charles_IX_-_Fran%C3%A7ois_Clouet_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Agen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8388" data-file-height="11810" /></a><figcaption>Charles IX, King of France, created the first legislation regulating waffle sales.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the mid-16th century, there were signs of waffles' mounting French popularity. <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">François</span></span> I, king from 1494 to 1547, who, it was said, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">les aimait beacoup</i></span> (loved them a lot), had a set of waffle irons cast in pure silver.<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel_2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His successor, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a></span></span> enacted the first waffle legislation in 1560 in response to a series of quarrels and fights that had been breaking out between oublieurs. As a result of the legislation, oublieurs were required "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">d'être au moins à la distance de deux <a href="/wiki/Toise" title="Toise">toises</a> l'un de l'autre.</i></span>" (to be no less than four yards from one to the other).<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th–18th_centuries"><span id="17th.E2.80.9318th_centuries"></span>17th–18th centuries</h3></div> <p>By the 17th century, unsweetened or honey-sweetened waffles and oublies—often made of non-wheat grains—were the type generally accessible to the average citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wheat-based and particularly the sugar-sweetened varieties, while present throughout Europe, were prohibitively expensive for all but the monarchy and bourgeoisie.<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even for the Dutch, who controlled much of the mid-century sugar trade, a kilogram of sugar was worth half an ounce of silver (the equivalent of ~$7 for a 5 lb. bag, 01/2016 spot silver prices), while, elsewhere in Europe, it fetched twice the price of opium.<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugar-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wealthier families' waffles, often known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mestiers</i></span>, were "<i>smaller, thinner and above all more delicate, being composed of egg yolks, sugar, and the finest of the finest flour, mixed in white wine</i>" and were served "<i>like dessert pastry.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-cheruel_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the dawn of the 18th century, expansion of Caribbean plantations had cut sugar prices in half.<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugar-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffle recipes abounded and became decadent in their use of sugar and other rare ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, <a href="/wiki/Menon_(cookbook_author)" title="Menon (cookbook author)">Menon</a>'s <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gaufre</i></span> from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouveau Traité de la Cuisine</i></span> included a livre of sugar for a demi-livre of flour.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germany became a leader in the development and publication of waffle recipes during the 18th century, introducing coffee waffles, the specific use of <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de">Hefeweizen</span></span> beer yeast, cardamom, nutmeg, and a number of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zuickerwaffeln</i></span> (sugar waffles).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the French introduced whipped egg whites to waffles, along with lemon zests, Spanish wine, and cloves.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Gillier even published the first chocolate waffle recipe, featuring three ounces of chocolate grated and mixed into the batter, before cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-canna_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canna-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of 18th century waffle recipes took on names to designate their country or region/city of origin—<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schwedische Waffeln</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gauffres à l'Allemande</i></span> and, most famous of all the 18th century varieties, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gauffres à la Flamande</i></span>, which were first recorded in 1740.<sup id="cite_ref-canna_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canna-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flamande_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flamande-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gauffres à la Flamande</i></span> (Flemish waffles / <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gaufres de Lille</i></span>) were the first French recipe to use beer yeast, but unlike the Dutch and German yeasted recipes that preceded them, use only egg whites and over a pound of butter in each batch.<sup id="cite_ref-flamande_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flamande-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also the oldest named recipe that survives in popular use to the present day, produced regionally and commercially by Meert.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 18th century is also when the word <i>waffle</i> first appeared in the English language, in a 1725 printing of <i>Court Cookery</i> by Robert Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recipes had begun to spread throughout England and America, though essentially all were patterned after established Dutch, Belgian, German, and French versions.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffle parties, known as "wafel frolics", were documented as early as 1744 in New Jersey, and the Dutch had earlier established waffles in New Amsterdam (New York City).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaufre_liege.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/220px-Gaufre_liege.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/330px-Gaufre_liege.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/440px-Gaufre_liege.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Liège Waffles – a legendary creation by an 18th-century chef to the prince-bishop of Liège – were not a confirmed recipe until 1921.</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Liège</span></span> waffles, the most popular contemporary Belgian waffle variety, are rumored to have been invented during the 18th century, as well, by the chef to the prince-bishop of <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Liège</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are no German, French, Dutch, or Belgian cookbooks that contain references to them in this period – by any name – nor are there any waffle recipes that mention the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Liège</span></span> waffle's distinctive ingredients, brioche-based dough and pearl sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not until 1814 that <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Beauvilliers" title="Antoine Beauvilliers">Antoine Beauvilliers</a></span></span> publishes a recipe in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">l'Art du Cuisiner</i></span> where brioche dough is introduced as the base of the waffle and <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">sucre cassé</span></span> (crushed block sugar) is used as a garnish for the waffles, though not worked into the dough.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Antonin Carême</span></span>, the famous Parisian pastry chef, is the first to incorporate <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gros sucre</i></span> into several waffle variations named in his 1822 work, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Maitre d'Hotel Français</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in 1834, Leblanc publishes a complete recipe for <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">gaufres grêlées</span></span> (hail waffles), where <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gros sucre</i></span> is mixed in.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A full <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gaufre de Liège</i></span> recipe does not appear until 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th–21st_centuries"><span id="19th.E2.80.9321st_centuries"></span>19th–21st centuries</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sitting in a city square is a yellow van decorated with images of waffles and with serving window on the side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg/220px-Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg/330px-Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg/440px-Belgian_Waffle_Van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>A food van selling waffles in Brussels</figcaption></figure> <p>Waffles remained widely popular in Europe for the first half of the 19th century, despite the 1806 British Atlantic naval blockade that greatly inflated the price of sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-beets_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beets-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This coincided with the commercial production of beet sugar in continental Europe, which, in a matter of decades, had brought the price down to historical lows.<sup id="cite_ref-hersh_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the transitional period from cane to beet sugar, Florian Dacher formalized a recipe for the Brussels Waffle, the predecessor to American "Belgian" waffles, recording the recipe in 1842/43.<sup id="cite_ref-henk_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henk-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Stroopwafels</i></span> (Dutch syrup wafels), too, rose to prominence in the Netherlands by the middle of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-henk_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henk-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by the second half of the 1800s, inexpensive beet sugar became widely available, and a wide range of pastries, candies and chocolates were now accessible to the middle class, as never before; waffles' popularity declined rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-beets_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beets-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hersh_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hersh-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 20th century, waffle recipes became rare in recipe books, and only 29 professional waffle craftsmen, the oublieurs, remained in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-henk_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henk-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffles were shifting from a predominantly street-vendor-based product to an increasingly homemade product, aided by the 1918 introduction of GE's first electric commercial waffle maker.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1930s, dry pancake/waffle mix had been marketed by a number of companies, including <a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jemima" title="Aunt Jemima">Aunt Jemima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisquick" title="Bisquick">Bisquick</a>, and a team of three brothers from San Jose, Calif. – the Dorsas. It is the Dorsas who would go on to innovate commercial production of frozen waffles, which they began selling under the name "<a href="/wiki/Eggo" title="Eggo">Eggo</a>" in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacturers are now testing the production of waffles with potato starch, which increase the stability of the waffle and protect them from sticking to the iron.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belgian-style waffles were showcased at <a href="/wiki/Expo_58" title="Expo 58">Expo 58</a> in Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Belgian introduced Belgian-style waffles to the United States at the 1962 Seattle World's Fair, but only really took hold at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>, when another Belgian entrepreneur introduced his "Bel-Gem" waffles.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, contemporary American "Belgian waffles" are actually a hybrid of pre-existing American waffle types and ingredients and some attributes of the Belgian model. </p><p>Even as most of the original recipes have faded from use, a number of the 18th and 19th century varieties can still be easily found throughout Northern Europe, where they were first developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brussels_waffle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brussels waffle"><img alt="Thick, rectangular waffle deeply browned and topped with powdered sugar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brussels_waffle.jpg/133px-Brussels_waffle.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brussels_waffle.jpg/200px-Brussels_waffle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brussels_waffle.jpg/266px-Brussels_waffle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brussels waffle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nice_waffle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plain waffle sold at a neighborhood store in Singapore."><img alt="Half-moon shaped waffle with browning on surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nice_waffle.jpg/200px-Nice_waffle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nice_waffle.jpg/300px-Nice_waffle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nice_waffle.jpg/400px-Nice_waffle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plain waffle sold at a neighborhood store in Singapore.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Essen_Waffeln_01_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rolled waffles"><img alt="Thin waffles rolled into a cylindars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/200px-Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/300px-Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/400px-Essen_Waffeln_01_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rolled waffles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waffle_cookies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waffle cookies made in Belgium and imported to the United States."><img alt="Thin, round waffles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Waffle_cookies.jpg/200px-Waffle_cookies.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Waffle_cookies.jpg/300px-Waffle_cookies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Waffle_cookies.jpg/400px-Waffle_cookies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Waffle cookies made in Belgium and imported to the United States.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galettes_campinoises.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galettes campinoises"><img alt="Round waffles with irregular edges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galettes_campinoises.jpg/200px-Galettes_campinoises.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galettes_campinoises.jpg/300px-Galettes_campinoises.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Galettes_campinoises.jpg/400px-Galettes_campinoises.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3310" data-file-height="2442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Galettes campinoises</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waffle with ice cream"><img alt="Waffle with ice cream" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg/150px-Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg/225px-Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg/300px-Waffle_with_ice_cream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Waffle with ice cream</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brussels">Brussels</h3></div> <p>Brussels waffles<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are prepared with an egg-white-leavened or yeast-leavened batter, traditionally an ale yeast;<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occasionally both types of leavening are used together. They are lighter, crisper and have larger pockets compared to other European waffle varieties, and are easy to differentiate from Liège Waffles by their rectangular sides. In Belgium, most waffles are served warm by street vendors and dusted with confectioner's sugar, though in tourist areas they might be topped with whipped cream, soft fruit or chocolate spread. </p><p>Variants of the Brussels waffles – with whipped and folded egg whites cooked in large rectangular forms – date from the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the oldest recognized reference to "Gaufres de Bruxelles" (Brussels Waffles) by name is attributed from 1842/43 to Florian Dacher, a Swiss baker in Ghent, Belgium, who had previously worked under pastry chefs in central Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe Cauderlier would later publish Dacher's recipe in the 1874 edition of his recipe book "La Pâtisserie et la Confiture". Maximilien Consael, another Ghent chef, had claimed to have invented the waffles in 1839, though there's no written record of him either naming or selling the waffles until his participation in the 1856 Brussels Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither man created the recipe; they simply popularized and formalized an existing recipe as the Brussels waffle.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liège"><span id="Li.C3.A8ge"></span>Liège</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_waffle" title="Liège waffle">Liège waffle</a></div> <p>The Liège waffle<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a richer, denser, sweeter, and chewier waffle. Native to the greater Wallonia region of Eastern Belgium – and alternately known as <i>gaufres de chasse</i> (hunting waffles) – they are an adaptation of brioche bread dough, featuring chunks of <a href="/wiki/Nib_sugar" title="Nib sugar">pearl sugar</a> which <a href="/wiki/Caramelization" title="Caramelization">caramelize</a> on the outside of the waffle when baked. It is the most common type of waffle available in Belgium and prepared in plain, vanilla and cinnamon varieties by street vendors across the nation. In the United States, they are best known for being sold at ski resorts, mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, under the Waffle Cabin brand.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flemish">Flemish</h3></div> <p>Flemish waffles, or Gaufres à la Flamande, are a specialty of northern France and portions of western Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original recipe, published in 1740 by Louis-Auguste de Bourbon in <i>Le Cuisinier Gascon</i>, is as follows: Take "deux litrons" (1.7 liters or 7 cups) of flour and mix it in a bowl with salt and one ounce of brewer's yeast barm. Moisten it completely with warm milk. Then whisk fifteen egg whites and add that to the mixture, stirring continuously. Incorporate "un livre" (490 grams or 1.1 pounds) of fresh butter, and let the batter rise. Once the batter has risen, take your heated iron, made expressly for these waffles, and wrap some butter in a cloth and rub both sides of the iron with it. When the iron is completely heated, make your waffles, but do so gently for fear of burning them. Cooked, take them out, put them on a platter, and serve them with both sugar and orange blossom water on top.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American">American</h3></div> <p>American waffles<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vary significantly. Generally denser and thinner than the Belgian waffle, they are often made from a batter leavened with <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a>, which is sometimes mixed with pecans, chocolate drops or berries and may be round, square, or rectangular in shape. Like American <a href="/wiki/Pancakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancakes">pancakes</a> they are usually served as a sweet <a href="/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">breakfast</a> food, topped with butter and <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>, bacon, and other fruit <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrups</a>, honey, or powdered sugar. They are also found in many different savory dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Chicken_and_waffles" title="Chicken and waffles">fried chicken and waffles</a> or topped with kidney stew.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may also be served as desserts, topped with ice cream and various other toppings. A large chain (over 1,900 locations) of waffle specialty <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">diners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waffle_House" title="Waffle House">Waffle House</a>, is ubiquitous in the southern United States. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Round waffle topped with strawberries and powdered sugar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg/220px-Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg/330px-Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg/440px-Waffle_with_strawberries_and_confectioner%27s_sugar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">"Belgian" waffle</a> is popular in North America.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm/220px--Waffles.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="97" data-mwtitle="Waffles.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Waffles.webmhd.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm/Waffles.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="960" data-height="540" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm/Waffles.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm/Waffles.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Waffles.webmhd.webm/Waffles.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video demonstration of making waffles.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgian">Belgian</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Belgian_waffle"></span><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">Belgian waffles</a> are based on a simplified version of the Brussels waffle.<sup id="cite_ref-Newsday_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsday-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recipes are typically baking soda leavened, though some are yeast-raised.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are distinguished from standard American waffles by their use of 1 ½" depth irons.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belgian waffles take their name from the <i>Bel-Gem brand</i>, which was promoted by waffle vendor Maurice Vermersch, who came from <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium. The thicker style was also popularized at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bergische">Bergische</h3></div> <p>Bergische waffles, or Waffles from Berg county,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a specialty of the German region of <a href="/wiki/Bergisches_Land" title="Bergisches Land">Bergisches Land</a>. The waffles are crisp and less dense than Belgian waffles, always heart shaped, and served with cherries, cream and optionally rice pudding as part of the traditional afternoon feast on Sundays in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3></div> <p>Hong Kong style waffle, in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> called a "grid cake" or "grid biscuits" (格仔餅), is a waffle usually made and sold by street <a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">hawkers</a> and eaten warm on the street.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is similar to a traditional waffle but larger, round in shape and divided into four quarters. It is usually served as a snack. Butter, peanut butter and sugar are spread on one side of the cooked waffle, and then it is folded into a <a href="/wiki/Semicircle" title="Semicircle">semicircle</a> to eat. Eggs, sugar and <a href="/wiki/Evaporated_milk" title="Evaporated milk">evaporated milk</a> are used in the waffle recipes, giving them a sweet flavor. They are generally soft and not dense. Traditional Hong Kong style waffles are full of the flavor of <a href="/wiki/Yolk" title="Yolk">yolk</a>. Sometimes different flavors, such as <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> and honey melon, are used in the recipe and create various colors. Another style of Hong Kong waffle is the <a href="/wiki/Eggette" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggette">eggette</a> or gai daan jai (鷄蛋仔), which have a ball-shaped pattern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pandan"><span class="anchor" id="Pandan_waffle"></span>Pandan</h3></div> <p>Pandan waffles originate from <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and are characterized by the use of <a href="/wiki/Pandanus_amaryllifolius" title="Pandanus amaryllifolius">pandan</a> flavoring and coconut milk in the batter.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pandan flavoring results in the batter's distinctive <a href="/wiki/Spring_green" title="Spring green">spring green color</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When cooked, the waffle browns and crisps on the outside and stays green and chewy on the inside. Unlike most waffles, pandan waffles are typically eaten plain. In Vietnam they are relatively cheap and so are popular among children.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are a popular <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> made in either <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> molds heated with <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a> or in electric <a href="/wiki/Waffle_iron" title="Waffle iron">waffle irons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croffle">Croffle</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Croffle" title="Croffle">Croffle</a> (a compound word of <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissant</a> and waffle) bakes croissant dough in a waffle pan and eaten with ice cream or maple syrup. It is a popular dessert in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Korea</a>. On the Internet, jokes about "the greatest invention of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Covid-19</a> Age" spread.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various types of croffles that utilize various toppings such as basil, corn, cheese and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also popular with people because it is easy to make and eat at home.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beginning of Croffle is the cafe "Le Petit Parisian" in Dublin, Ireland. According to the Irish newspaper Dublin Gadget (reported on July 20, 2017), Louise Lenox, a baker at the café in Camden Street, Dublin, first created a menu item called Croffle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croffle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Croffle.jpg/172px-Croffle.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Croffle.jpg/257px-Croffle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Croffle.jpg/343px-Croffle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>Croffle with ice cream</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kue_gapit,_2015-06-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small, round, light-brown waffles with irregular shaped edges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg/220px-Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg/330px-Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg/440px-Kue_gapit%2C_2015-06-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4606" data-file-height="2063" /></a><figcaption>Kue gapit is popular in Indonesia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kue_gapit">Kue gapit</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kue_gapit" title="Kue gapit">Kue gapit</a> is an Indonesian <i>kue kering</i> (dry snack) which originates from West Java. Generally made from tapioca flour, its name comes from the cooking process, in which it is grilled between iron molds like a waffle. The snack comes in a variety of shapes and flavors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavian">Scandinavian</h3></div> <p>Scandinavian style waffles, common throughout the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, are thin and made in a round waffle iron. The batter is similar to other varieties, but does not contain sugar. The most common style are heart-shaped slices with a sweet topping such as <a href="/wiki/Whipped_cream" title="Whipped cream">cream</a> or jam.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brunost" title="Brunost">brunost</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Gomme_(food)" title="Gomme (food)">gomme</a> are also popular toppings. As with crèpes, there are those who prefer a salted style with various mixes, such as blue cheese.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, savory toppings are uncommon; instead <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whipped_cream" title="Whipped cream">whipped cream</a> or vanilla <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> are usually used.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, the traditional topping is either <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a> or <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a> jam with whipped cream on top. Syrup and chocolate spread are also popular substitutes for the jam.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> tradition dates at least to the 15th century, and there is even a particular day for the purpose, <a href="/wiki/Waffle_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Waffle day">Våffeldagen</a> (waffle day), which sounds like <i>Vårfrudagen</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Lady_Day" title="Lady Day">Our Lady's Day</a>"), and is therefore used for the purpose. This is March 25 (nine months before Christmas), the Christian holiday of <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually topped with strawberry jam, bilberry jam, <a href="/wiki/Cloudberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloudberry">cloudberry</a> jam, raspberry jam, bilberry and raspberry jam, sugar and butter, vanilla ice cream and whipped cream. Other, savory, toppings include salmon roe, cold-smoked salmon and cream fraiche.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gofri">Gofri</h3></div> <p>Gofri (singular gofre) are waffles in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmontese</a> cuisine: they are light and crispy in texture, contain no egg or milk (according to the most ancient recipe)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and come both in sweet and savory versions.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italian</a> cuisine also features waffle-like cookies, which are locally known as <a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">pizzelle</a>, <i>ferratelle</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>) or <i>cancelle</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stroopwafels_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thin, dark, round waffles; one cut in half shows a thin, internal layer of filling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stroopwafels_01.jpg/220px-Stroopwafels_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stroopwafels_01.jpg/330px-Stroopwafels_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stroopwafels_01.jpg/440px-Stroopwafels_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafels</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafel</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafels</a> are thin waffles with a <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a> filling, which originated from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Gouda,_South_Holland" title="Gouda, South Holland">Gouda</a>. The stiff batter for the waffles is made from <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>. Medium-sized balls of batter are put on the <a href="/wiki/Waffle_iron" title="Waffle iron">waffle iron</a>. When the waffle is baked and while it is still warm, it is cut into two halves. The warm filling made from syrup is spread in between the waffle halves, which glues them together.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are popular in the Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and sold in pre-prepared packages in shops and markets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galettes">Galettes</h3></div> <p>Galettes <a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">campinoises</a>/<a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Kempense</a> galetten are a type of waffle popular in Belgium. They are rigid and crunchy, but are buttery, crumbly and soft in the mouth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hotdog">Hotdog</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg/220px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg/330px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg/440px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A waffle dog from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg/220px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg/330px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg/440px-05410jfFoods_Cuisine_Desserts_of_the_Philippinesfvf_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Commercial variants of waffle dogs in the Philippines with various fillings</figcaption></figure> <p>Hotdog waffles (or waffle dogs) are cylindrical waffles with a <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dog</a> cooked inside them, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">corn dog</a>. It is made with specialized waffle irons with cylindrical hotdog-bun shaped molds.<sup id="cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Kraayenburg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They originate from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> where it was first served at the KC Drive Inn in 1934, owned by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese American</a> Jiro Asato (who later legally changed his name to KC Jiro Asato). The original version has a distinctive shape, with an oblong middle section (containing the hotdog) surrounded by flattened square edges. It is served plain or with a combination of <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pickle_relish" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickle relish">pickle relish</a>. Its popularity spread to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (then an <a href="/wiki/American_colonial_period_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="American colonial period of the Philippines">American colony</a>), and throughout the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nakaishi_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakaishi-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Kraayenburg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waffle dogs remain an iconic part of Hawaiian culture, though it has waned in popularity in the rest of the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Nakaishi_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakaishi-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hawaii_News_Now_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawaii_News_Now-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also remained popular as a <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> item in the Philippines, where variants can use other savory fillings like ham, bacon, <i><a href="/wiki/Longganisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Longganisa">longganisa</a></i>, tuna, or cheese; as well as sweet fillings like <a href="/wiki/Dioscorea_alata" title="Dioscorea alata">ube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Yema_(candy)" title="Yema (candy)">yema</a> custard. The Filipino versions are also more uniformly cylindrical, with a grid pattern, and are usually served on bamboo skewers.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Filipino fast food chain Waffle Time, founded in 1998, specializes in hotdog waffles as well as other savory and sweet fillings.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern times, it has also gained popularity in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, where it is served with <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Kraayenburg-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">Wafer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krumkake" title="Krumkake">Krumkake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barquillo" title="Barquillo">Barquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quick_breads" title="List of quick breads">List of quick breads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffle" title="Moffle">Moffle</a> – a waffle prepared using mochi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">Pancake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_waffle" title="Potato waffle">Potato waffle</a> mainly found in the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, made from potato formed into a waffle iron shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_waffle" title="Egg waffle">Egg waffle</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaufresbelges.com/">"Les Gaufres Belges"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120820175702/http://gaufresbelges.com/">Archived</a> 2012-08-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gaufresbelges.com. Retrieved on 2013-04-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Smith1725" class="citation book cs1">Robert Smith (1725). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b30510211"><i>Court Cookery</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b30510211/page/176">176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+Cookery&rft.pages=176&rft.date=1725&rft.au=Robert+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb30510211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/waffle">"Waffle"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407035523/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/waffle">Archived</a> 2013-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaufre-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaufre_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/gaufre">"Gaufre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501052035/http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/gaufre">Archived</a> 2012-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IBO0QgAACAAJ"><i>Larousse Gastronomique</i></a>. Crown Publishing Group. 2001. p. 1285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-609-60971-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-609-60971-2"><bdi>978-0-609-60971-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Larousse+Gastronomique&rft.pages=1285&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-609-60971-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIBO0QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaufre_(cuisine)" class="extiw" title="fr:Gaufre (cuisine)">fr:Gaufre (cuisine)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cqHYAAAAMAAJ&q=iauffe,+wanhi&pg=PA299">"Bulletin de la Société liégeoise de littérature wallonne, Volumes 34-35"</a>. 1894. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703161931/https://books.google.com/books?id=cqHYAAAAMAAJ&q=iauffe,+wanhi&pg=PA299">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+li%C3%A9geoise+de+litt%C3%A9rature+wallonne%2C+Volumes+34-35&rft.date=1894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcqHYAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Diauffe%2C%2Bwanhi%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekitchn.com/from-wafers-to-cones-a-short-h-113627">"From Wafers to Cones: A Short History of the Waffle"</a>. <i>Kitchn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308082307/https://www.thekitchn.com/from-wafers-to-cones-a-short-h-113627">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kitchn&rft.atitle=From+Wafers+to+Cones%3A+A+Short+History+of+the+Waffle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekitchn.com%2Ffrom-wafers-to-cones-a-short-h-113627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soubigou-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soubigou_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soubigou_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soubigou_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soubigou_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/lorraine/drac/Patrimoi/crmh2/documents/oubliesPlombL.pdf">"Les Moules à Oublies"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602131947/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/lorraine/drac/Patrimoi/crmh2/documents/oubliesPlombL.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-06-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gilles Soubigou, Conservateur du Patrimoine, Monuments Historiques – Lorraine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakkerijmuseum.nl/kalwiblo/index.php?t=4&h=84&s=409">"De historie van wafels en wafelijzers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101114201/http://www.bakkerijmuseum.nl/kalwiblo/index.php?t=4&h=84&s=409">Archived</a> 2014-01-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nederlands Bakkerijmuseum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_Palissy" title="Base Palissy">Base Palissy</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/palissy/PM17000403">fer à hosties, 13e siècle</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fer_a_oublie_detail.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Fer a oublie detail.jpg">"fer à oublies "</a>, Gourmet Museum and Library, Hermalle-sous-Huy, Belgium</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marks-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marks_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marks_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGil_Marks2010" class="citation book cs1">Gil Marks (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ojc4Uker_V0C&pg=PA431"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i></a>. Wiley. p. 431. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-94354-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-94354-0"><bdi>978-0-470-94354-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.pages=431&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-94354-0&rft.au=Gil+Marks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dojc4Uker_V0C%26pg%3DPA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Liebault, <i>La maison rustique</i>, 1582, cité dans Raymond Lecoq, <i>Les Objets de la vie domestique. Ustensiles en fer de la cuisine et du foyer des origines au XIX siècle</i>, Berger-Levrault, 1979, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/oublie">"Oublie"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219073800/http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/oublie">Archived</a> 2011-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cheruel-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolphe_Chéruel1865" class="citation book cs1">Adolphe Chéruel (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairehis00chergoog"><i>Dictionnaire historique des institutions: mœurs et coutumes de la France</i></a>. L. Hachette et cie. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairehis00chergoog/page/n334">243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+historique+des+institutions%3A+m%C5%93urs+et+coutumes+de+la+France&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=L.+Hachette+et+cie&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Adolphe+Ch%C3%A9ruel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionnairehis00chergoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delahoyde-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-delahoyde_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/medieval/menagier.html">"LE MENAGIER DE PARIS"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130712042741/http://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/medieval/menagier.html">Archived</a> 2013-07-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Michael Delahoyde, Washington State University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1396&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbnid=tDwfFsH5hrXtZM:&imgrefurl=http://asso.letailloir.free.fr/listeRecettes.php%3Frecette%3D85&docid=MUT6yziYqzZZIM&imgurl=http://asso.letailloir.free.fr/images/recette/gaufres_recette.JPG&w=530&h=272&ei=gzYpUProHaem6wGGp4HgBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=454&sig=112119473882151339052&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=232&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:0,i:142&tx=148&ty=56">"Gauffres iiii manières"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922213250/https://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1396&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbnid=tDwfFsH5hrXtZM:&imgrefurl=http://asso.letailloir.free.fr/listeRecettes.php%3Frecette%3D85&docid=MUT6yziYqzZZIM&imgurl=http://asso.letailloir.free.fr/images/recette/gaufres_recette.JPG&w=530&h=272&ei=gzYpUProHaem6wGGp4HgBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=454&sig=112119473882151339052&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=232&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:0,i:142&tx=148&ty=56">Archived</a> 2021-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, circa 1392–1394, anonymous author, Paris, B.N.F. fr. 12477, fol. 171 r</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Menagier/Menagier.html#PASTRY">"Gauffres iiii manières "</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805130105/http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Menagier/Menagier.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, translation by Janet Hinson, David D. Friedman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kikirpa.be/www2/cgi-bin/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=foto2&LANGUAGE=0&COPYTEXT=&COPYRIGHT=&356665=on">"Wafelijzer, Brugge, 1430"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082616/http://www.kikirpa.be/www2/cgi-bin/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=foto2&LANGUAGE=0&COPYTEXT=&COPYRIGHT=&356665=on">Archived</a> 2015-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Gruuthusemuseum / Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibnum.enc.sorbonne.fr/gsdl/collect/tap/archives/HASHad9b/071d3d9b.dir/0000005631018.pdf">"Gaufrier de Girard le Pâtissier"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Un Fer à Gaufres du Quinzieme siècle, H. Henry, Besançon, France</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Aertsen_006.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Pieter Aertsen 006.jpg">"Gemüseverkäuferin"</a>, Pieter Aertsen, 1567, Stiftung preußischer Kulturbesitz – Staatliche Museen, Berlin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruegel-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bruegel_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bruegel_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_II-Combat_de_Carnaval_et_Careme_IMG_1464.JPG" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Pieter Bruegel II-Combat de Carnaval et Careme IMG 1464.JPG">"Het gevecht tussen Carnaval en Vasten"</a>, Pieter Bruegel (the elder), 1569</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coquinaria.nl/kooktekst/KA15Gent01.htm#Contents%20of%20KA%20Gent%2015">" Gent KANTL 15, volume 1"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120903125610/http://www.coquinaria.nl/kooktekst/KA15Gent01.htm">Archived</a> 2012-09-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Christianne Muusers (translator), Coquinaria</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coquinaria.nl/kooktekst/KAGent15.1.2.htm#1.83">"Om ghode waffellen te backen"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510070639/http://www.coquinaria.nl/kooktekst/KAGent15.1.2.htm">Archived</a> 2012-05-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Christianne Muusers (translator), Coquinaria</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndré_Delcart2007" class="citation book cs1">André Delcart (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2g2hjZRo6KIC&pg=PA3">"Groote Wafelen"</a>. <i>Winterfeesten en gebak</i>. Maklu. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8575-009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8575-009-3"><bdi>978-90-8575-009-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Groote+Wafelen&rft.btitle=Winterfeesten+en+gebak&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Maklu&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-8575-009-3&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Delcart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2g2hjZRo6KIC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cheruel_2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cheruel_2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolphe_Chéruel1865" class="citation book cs1">Adolphe Chéruel (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7SoFVJDSTgAC"><i>Dictionnaire historique des institutions, moeurs et coutumes de la France, 1</i></a>. Libr. de L. Hachette. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7SoFVJDSTgAC/page/n553">477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+historique+des+institutions%2C+moeurs+et+coutumes+de+la+France%2C+1&rft.pages=477&rft.pub=Libr.+de+L.+Hachette&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Adolphe+Ch%C3%A9ruel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_7SoFVJDSTgAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8P-DznPKCEC&pg=PA220-IA5"><i>Les Français peints par eux-mêmes: encyclopédie morale du 19e siècle</i></a>. Curmer. 1841. p. 220.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+peints+par+eux-m%C3%AAmes%3A+encyclop%C3%A9die+morale+du+19e+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Curmer&rft.date=1841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8P-DznPKCEC%26pg%3DPA220-IA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Laporte1571" class="citation book cs1">Maurice Laporte (1571). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hdo7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PT112"><i>Les épithètes</i></a>. p. 112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+%C3%A9pith%C3%A8tes&rft.pages=112&rft.date=1571&rft.au=Maurice+Laporte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhdo7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPT112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sugar-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sugar_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sugar_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2009/04/when-did-globalization-begin.html">"The Price of Sugar in the Atlantic, 1550–1787"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120815094750/http://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2009/04/when-did-globalization-begin.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Figure I, Klas Rönnbäck, Europ. Rev. Econ. Hist., 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gourmettraveller.com.au/july_rhubarb.htm">"Recipes | In Season"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120720195351/http://gourmettraveller.com.au/july_rhubarb.htm">Archived</a> 2012-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, July: Rhubarb, Gourmet Magazine, Gourmet Traveller, Adelaide Lucas</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohann_Nikolaus_Martius1719" class="citation book cs1">Johann Nikolaus Martius (1719). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zhBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA164"><i>Unterricht von der wunderbaren Magie und derselben medicinischen Gebrauch</i></a>. Nicolai. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unterricht+von+der+wunderbaren+Magie+und+derselben+medicinischen+Gebrauch&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Nicolai&rft.date=1719&rft.au=Johann+Nikolaus+Martius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zhBAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon1739" class="citation book cs1">Menon (1739). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qoU7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA334"><i>Nouveau traité de la Cuisine, Volume 1</i></a>. p. 334.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouveau+trait%C3%A9+de+la+Cuisine%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=334&rft.date=1739&rft.au=Menon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqoU7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanna_Katharina_Morgenstern-Schulze1785" class="citation book cs1">Johanna Katharina Morgenstern-Schulze (1785). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bWw7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA310"><i>Unterricht für ein junges Frauenzimmer, das Küche und Haushaltung selbst besorgen will, Volume 1</i></a>. p. 310.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unterricht+f%C3%BCr+ein+junges+Frauenzimmer%2C+das+K%C3%BCche+und+Haushaltung+selbst+besorgen+will%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=310&rft.date=1785&rft.au=Johanna+Katharina+Morgenstern-Schulze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbWw7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IU7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA371YEAR"><i>Stettinisches Kochbuch für junge Frauen, Haushälterinnen und Köchinnen: Nebst einem Anhange von Haus- und Wirtschaftsregeln</i></a>. Keffke. 1797. p. 371. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703161932/https://books.google.com/books?id=1IU7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA371year">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stettinisches+Kochbuch+f%C3%BCr+junge+Frauen%2C+Haush%C3%A4lterinnen+und+K%C3%B6chinnen%3A+Nebst+einem+Anhange+von+Haus-+und+Wirtschaftsregeln&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Keffke&rft.date=1797&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1IU7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA371YEAR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1108722/f133.image">"Gaufres"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082616/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1108722/f133.image">Archived</a> 2015-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Les Dons de Comus, T. 3, p. 131, 1758</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canna-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-canna_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-canna_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1256099/f125.image">"Gauffre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017082616/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1256099/f125.image">Archived</a> 2015-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Cannameliste français, p. 111, 1751.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flamande-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flamande_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flamande_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeatrice_Fink1995" class="citation book cs1">Beatrice Fink (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sso_PU3u-KcC&pg=PA159"><i>Les Liaisons savoureuses: réflexions et pratiques culinaires au XVIIIe siècle</i></a>. Université de Saint-Etienne. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86272-070-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86272-070-8"><bdi>978-2-86272-070-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Liaisons+savoureuses%3A+r%C3%A9flexions+et+pratiques+culinaires+au+XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+de+Saint-Etienne&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-2-86272-070-8&rft.au=Beatrice+Fink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSso_PU3u-KcC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meert.fr/">"Meert, Depuis 1761"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110819115815/http://www.meert.fr">Archived</a> 2011-08-19 at Wikiwix. Meert.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Smith_(cook.)1725" class="citation book cs1">Robert Smith (cook.) (1725). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_AHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Court cookery: or, The compleat English cook</i></a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+cookery%3A+or%2C+The+compleat+English+cook&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1725&rft.au=Robert+Smith+%28cook.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_AHAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Smith_(cook.)1725" class="citation book cs1">Robert Smith (cook.) (1725). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_AHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA176"><i>Court cookery: or, The compleat English cook</i></a>. p. 176<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+cookery%3A+or%2C+The+compleat+English+cook&rft.pages=176&rft.date=1725&rft.au=Robert+Smith+%28cook.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_AHAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Austin_StevensBenjamin_Franklin_DeCostaHenry_Phelps_Johnston,_Volume_2,_Issue_2Martha_Joanna_Lamb1878" class="citation book cs1">John Austin Stevens; Benjamin Franklin DeCosta; Henry Phelps Johnston, Volume 2, Issue 2; Martha Joanna Lamb; Nathan Gilbert Pond (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xz9IAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA442"><i>The Magazine of American history with notes and queries</i></a>. A. S. Barnes. p. 442.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magazine+of+American+history+with+notes+and+queries&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=A.+S.+Barnes.&rft.date=1878&rft.au=John+Austin+Stevens&rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin+DeCosta&rft.au=Henry+Phelps+Johnston%2C+Volume+2%2C+Issue+2&rft.au=Martha+Joanna+Lamb&rft.au=Nathan+Gilbert+Pond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxz9IAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.J. Stephey (23 November 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1942956,00.html">"Waffles"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120823073650/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1942956,00.html">Archived</a> 2012-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, TIME Magazine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bart Biesemans (16 July 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=GG3CK2U8">"Luikse wafel verdringt Brusselse wafel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703161933/https://www.standaard.be/cnt/gg3ck2u8">Archived</a> 2023-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, De Standaard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitbelgium.com/?page=waffles">"Waffles"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202640/http://www.visitbelgium.com/?page=waffles">Archived</a> 2013-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, visitBelgium.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gofre.eu/en/history/history-of-the-gaufre-de-liege">"The history of the "Gaufre de Liège""</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120830084311/http://www.gofre.eu/en/history/history-of-the-gaufre-de-liege">Archived</a> 2012-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, gofre.eu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntoine_B._Beauvilliers1814" class="citation book cs1">Antoine B. Beauvilliers (1814). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jvopAAAAYAAJ"><i>L'art du cuisinier ...</i></a> Pilet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27art+du+cuisinier+...&rft.pub=Pilet&rft.date=1814&rft.au=Antoine+B.+Beauvilliers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjvopAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie_Antonin_Carême1822" class="citation book cs1">Marie Antonin Carême (1822). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pdo6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA33"><i>Le Maitre d'hotell français: ou parallèle de la cuisine ancienne et moderne ...</i></a> Didot. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Maitre+d%27hotell+fran%C3%A7ais%3A+ou+parall%C3%A8le+de+la+cuisine+ancienne+et+moderne+...&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Didot&rft.date=1822&rft.au=Marie+Antonin+Car%C3%AAme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpdo6AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeblanc_(pastry_cook.)1834" class="citation book cs1">Leblanc (pastry cook.) (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoYPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA200"><i>Manuel du pâtissier: ou, Traité complet et simplifié de la pâtisserie de ménage, de boutique et d'hôtel ...</i></a> Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. p. 200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuel+du+p%C3%A2tissier%3A+ou%2C+Trait%C3%A9+complet+et+simplifi%C3%A9+de+la+p%C3%A2tisserie+de+m%C3%A9nage%2C+de+boutique+et+d%27h%C3%B4tel+...&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Librairie+encyclop%C3%A9dique+de+Roret&rft.date=1834&rft.au=Leblanc+%28pastry+cook.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoYPAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndré_Delcart2007" class="citation book cs1">André Delcart (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2g2hjZRo6KIC&pg=PA49"><i>Winterfeesten en gebak</i></a>. Maklu. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8575-009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8575-009-3"><bdi>978-90-8575-009-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winterfeesten+en+gebak&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Maklu&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-8575-009-3&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Delcart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2g2hjZRo6KIC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beets-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beets_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beets_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/7497/4/gunhis11corr.pdf">"From extreme luxury to everyday commodity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220616/https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/7497/4/gunhis11corr.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sugar in Sweden, 17th to 20th centuries, pp. 8–9, Klas Rönnbäck, Göteborg Papers in Economic History, No. 11. November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hersh-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hersh_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/seminars/VothFeb10.pdf">"Sweet Diversity: Overseas Trade and Gains from Variety after 1492"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726115939/http://www.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/seminars/VothFeb10.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jonathan Hersh, Hans-Joachim Voth, Real Sugar Prices and Sugar Consumption Per Capita in England, 1600–1850, p.42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-henk-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-henk_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-henk_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-henk_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.hccnet.nl/h.werk/Wafels.htm">"Wafels"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806103848/http://home.hccnet.nl/h.werk/Wafels.htm">Archived</a> 2012-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Henk Werk,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asg.be/publicaties/bestellen">"Jaargang 25 inclusief het boek "Brusselse Wafels""</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408232331/http://www.asg.be/publicaties/bestellen">Archived</a> 2014-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academie voor de Streekgebonden Gastronomie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogimages.seniorennet.be/etenaanzee_asg/1042977-7181bb324c419e6ad15806548aaa9be2.jpg">"Brusselse Wafels"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120817014153/http://blogimages.seniorennet.be/etenaanzee_asg/1042977-7181bb324c419e6ad15806548aaa9be2.jpg">Archived</a> 2012-08-17 at Wikiwix, Philippe Cauderlier, 1874</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogie.com/v2/genealogie-en-ligne/ancien-metier.asp?id_metier=96">"OUBLIEUR"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218233945/http://www.genealogie.com/v2/genealogie-en-ligne/ancien-metier.asp?id_metier=96">Archived</a> 2013-12-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Les métiers d'autrefois, genealogie.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_George2003" class="citation book cs1">William George (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T74prJD4GRUC&pg=PA74"><i>Antique Electric Waffle Irons 1900–1960: A History of the Appliance Industry in 20th Century America</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55395-632-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55395-632-7"><bdi>978-1-55395-632-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antique+Electric+Waffle+Irons+1900%E2%80%931960%3A+A+History+of+the+Appliance+Industry+in+20th+Century+America&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55395-632-7&rft.au=William+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT74prJD4GRUC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherri_Liberman2011" class="citation book cs1">Sherri Liberman (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sLSDQRV3XUMC&pg=PA134"><i>American Food by the Decades</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37698-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37698-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37698-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Food+by+the+Decades&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37698-6&rft.au=Sherri+Liberman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsLSDQRV3XUMC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuberSchoenlechner2017" class="citation journal cs1">Huber, Regina; Schoenlechner, Regine (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5448360">"Waffle production: influence of batter ingredients on sticking of fresh egg waffles at baking plates-Part I: effect of starch and sugar components"</a>. <i>Food Science & Nutrition</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 504–512. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ffsn3.424">10.1002/fsn3.424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5448360">5448360</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28572935">28572935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Science+%26+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Waffle+production%3A+influence+of+batter+ingredients+on+sticking+of+fresh+egg+waffles+at+baking+plates-Part+I%3A+effect+of+starch+and+sugar+components&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=504-512&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5448360%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28572935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ffsn3.424&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft.au=Schoenlechner%2C+Regine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5448360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=RD1OQ87B">"Marollenwijk smult van Brusselse wafels"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703161933/https://www.standaard.be/cnt/rd1oq87b">Archived</a> 2023-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Leen Dewitte, De Standaard, standard.be, maandag 03 maart 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldsfairphotos.com/nywf64/images/waffles-1.jpg">"Bel-Gem Waffles"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120720071144/http://www.worldsfairphotos.com/nywf64/images/waffles-1.jpg">Archived</a> 2012-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bill Cotter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waffle-recipes.com/brussels-waffle-recipe/">"Brussels Waffle Recipe"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207232603/http://www.waffle-recipes.com/brussels-waffle-recipe/">Archived</a> 2016-02-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Adam Wayda, 2016-01-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/faronet/docs/faro_2008_1">"Een nieuwe, royale oud-Belgische hoofdstedelijke wafel?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301083424/http://issuu.com/faronet/docs/faro_2008_1">Archived</a> 2012-03-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>faro | tijdschrift over cultureel erfgoed</i>, Belgium (in Dutch), pp 14–21, 03/03/2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brussel.be/dwnld/66454416/brusseleir47-06-2009.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"le de brusselier", "Petite histoire de la cuisine"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22le+de+brusselier%22%2C+%22Petite+histoire+de+la+cuisine%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brussel.be%2Fdwnld%2F66454416%2Fbrusseleir47-06-2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deswaene.be/Brusselse%20wafels.pdf">"Om te backen, dicke wafelen"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407071042/http://www.deswaene.be/Brusselse%20wafels.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. deswaene.be. Retrieved on 2013-04-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henk Werk (22 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.hccnet.nl/h.werk/Wafels.htm">Wafels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806103848/http://home.hccnet.nl/h.werk/Wafels.htm">Archived</a> 2012-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Home.hccnet.nl. Retrieved on 2013-04-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lonely Planet Encounter Guide <i>Brussels, Bruges, Antwerp & Ghent</i> 1st edition, 2008, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">waffle-recipes.com (1 June 2015). <i>Brusselse Wafels: Dacher's and Consael's Recipes</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waffle-recipes.com/2015/06/02/brusselse-wafels-dachers-and-consaels-recipes/">"Brusselse Wafels: Dacher's and Consael's Recipes"</a>. 2015-06-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602045517/http://www.waffle-recipes.com/2015/06/02/brusselse-wafels-dachers-and-consaels-recipes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brusselse+Wafels%3A+Dacher%27s+and+Consael%27s+Recipes&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waffle-recipes.com%2F2015%2F06%2F02%2Fbrusselse-wafels-dachers-and-consaels-recipes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waffle-recipes.com/liege-waffle-recipe-gaufres-de-liege/">"Liège Waffle Recipe / Gaufres de Liège"</a>. 2014-03-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314073242/http://www.waffle-recipes.com/liege-waffle-recipe-gaufres-de-liege/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandan+Waffles+Banh+Kep+La+Dua&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theravenouscouple.com%2F2011%2F01%2Fpandan-waffles-banh-kep-la-dua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHong_&_Kim2011" class="citation web cs1">Hong & Kim (15 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theravenouscouple.com/2011/01/pandan-waffles-banh-kep-la-dua.html">"Pandan Waffles Banh Kep La Dua"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103064858/http://www.theravenouscouple.com/2011/01/pandan-waffles-banh-kep-la-dua.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pandan+Waffles+Banh+Kep+La+Dua&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.au=Hong+%26+Kim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theravenouscouple.com%2F2011%2F01%2Fpandan-waffles-banh-kep-la-dua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/2007/08/vietnamese-coco.html">"Vietnamese Coconut Waffles Recipe"</a>. 30 August 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103183951/http://www.vietworldkitchen.com/blog/2007/08/vietnamese-coco.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnamese+Coconut+Waffles+Recipe&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietworldkitchen.com%2Fblog%2F2007%2F08%2Fvietnamese-coco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF이2020" class="citation news cs1">이, 혜운 (September 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/food-taste/2020/09/08/JAELFQZYTBDAPOTAEUP3LA3QO4/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"집콕이 만든 위대한 발명품" 크로플? 그냥 누르면 돼요"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chosun" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosun">Chosun</a></i>. South Korea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424060007/https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/food-taste/2020/09/08/JAELFQZYTBDAPOTAEUP3LA3QO4/">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chosun&rft.atitle=%22%EC%A7%91%EC%BD%95%EC%9D%B4+%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A0+%EC%9C%84%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C+%EB%B0%9C%EB%AA%85%ED%92%88%22+%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%8C%3F+%EA%B7%B8%EB%83%A5+%EB%88%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%B4+%EB%8F%BC%EC%9A%94&rft.date=2020-09-08&rft.aulast=%EC%9D%B4&rft.aufirst=%ED%98%9C%EC%9A%B4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Fculture-life%2Ffood-taste%2F2020%2F09%2F08%2FJAELFQZYTBDAPOTAEUP3LA3QO4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김, 태혁 (2021-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todaykorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=285588">"커피베이, 맛과 비주얼 다잡은 인기 디저트 '크로플 5종' 새롭게 출시"</a>. <i>투데이코리아</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415081828/http://www.todaykorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=285588">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%88%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84&rft.atitle=%EC%BB%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%2C+%EB%A7%9B%EA%B3%BC+%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%BC+%EB%8B%A4%EC%9E%A1%EC%9D%80+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B8%B0+%EB%94%94%EC%A0%80%ED%8A%B8+%27%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%8C+5%EC%A2%85%27+%EC%83%88%EB%A1%AD%EA%B2%8C+%EC%B6%9C%EC%8B%9C&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft.aulast=%EA%B9%80&rft.aufirst=%ED%83%9C%ED%98%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todaykorea.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D285588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF윤경희2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">윤경희 (2020-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.joins.com/article/23951754">"집에서 만들기 쉬운 코로나19 시대 디저트…'크로플' 열풍"</a>. <i>중앙일보</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415081827/https://news.joins.com/article/23951754">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.atitle=%EC%A7%91%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0+%EC%89%AC%EC%9A%B4+%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819+%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80+%EB%94%94%EC%A0%80%ED%8A%B8%E2%80%A6%27%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%8C%27+%EC%97%B4%ED%92%8D&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.au=%EC%9C%A4%EA%B2%BD%ED%9D%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F23951754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlom2016" class="citation news cs1">Blom, Edward (17 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizstories.se/foretagen/tbt-vafflan-och-vaffeldagens-historia/">"#tbt: Våfflan och våffeldagens historia"</a>. <i>Bizstories</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213074308/https://www.bizstories.se/foretagen/tbt-vafflan-och-vaffeldagens-historia/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bizstories&rft.atitle=%23tbt%3A+V%C3%A5fflan+och+v%C3%A5ffeldagens+historia&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft.aulast=Blom&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizstories.se%2Fforetagen%2Ftbt-vafflan-och-vaffeldagens-historia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitsweden.com/what-to-do/culture-history-and-art/swedish-traditions/more-traditions/waffles-day/">"Waffles Day - Våffeldagen"</a>. <i>visitsweden.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806014045/https://visitsweden.com/what-to-do/culture-history-and-art/swedish-traditions/more-traditions/waffles-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitsweden.com&rft.atitle=Waffles+Day+-+V%C3%A5ffeldagen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitsweden.com%2Fwhat-to-do%2Fculture-history-and-art%2Fswedish-traditions%2Fmore-traditions%2Fwaffles-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gofriemiassepiemontesi.it/">"I gofri"</a> (in Italian). Turin, Italy: Gofreria Piemonteisa - Torino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222151421/http://www.gofriemiassepiemontesi.it/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+gofri&rft.place=Turin%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Gofreria+Piemonteisa+-+Torino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gofriemiassepiemontesi.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cucinapiemontese.blogspot.it/2011/02/i-gofri.html">"I GOFRI"</a>. <i>cucinapiemontese.blogspot.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630201442/http://cucinapiemontese.blogspot.it/2011/02/i-gofri.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cucinapiemontese.blogspot.it&rft.atitle=I+GOFRI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcucinapiemontese.blogspot.it%2F2011%2F02%2Fi-gofri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120720052737/http://uk.babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_url?lp=nl_en&trurl=http://www.gouda-online.nl/informatieid-11.html&doit=done&tt=url&intl=1">Stroopwafels. Traditional delicacys.</a> Retrieved on 2008-01-02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_Kraayenburg-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-van_Kraayenburg_93-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Kraayenburg2014" class="citation book cs1">van Kraayenburg, Russell (2014). <i>Haute Dogs: Recipes for Delicious Hot Dogs, Buns, and Condiments</i>. Quirk Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781594746802" title="Special:BookSources/9781594746802"><bdi>9781594746802</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haute+Dogs%3A+Recipes+for+Delicious+Hot+Dogs%2C+Buns%2C+and+Condiments&rft.pub=Quirk+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781594746802&rft.aulast=van+Kraayenburg&rft.aufirst=Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nakaishi-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nakaishi_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nakaishi_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakaishi2016" class="citation news cs1">Nakaishi, Summer (7 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/10768186/the-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on/">"Rediscovering the Real Hot Dog Heritage of Honolulu: KC Waffle Dogs"</a>. <i>Thrillist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209112757/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/10768186/the-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thrillist&rft.atitle=Rediscovering+the+Real+Hot+Dog+Heritage+of+Honolulu%3A+KC+Waffle+Dogs&rft.date=2016-05-07&rft.aulast=Nakaishi&rft.aufirst=Summer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiinewsnow.com%2Fstory%2F10768186%2Fthe-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawaii_News_Now-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawaii_News_Now_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/10768186/the-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on/">"The KC Waffle Dog lives on!"</a>. <i>Hawaii News Now</i>. 23 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209112757/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/10768186/the-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawaii+News+Now&rft.atitle=The+KC+Waffle+Dog+lives+on%21&rft.date=2009-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiinewsnow.com%2Fstory%2F10768186%2Fthe-kc-waffle-dog-lives-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booking.com/articles/the-best-hot-dogs-outside-the-us.html">"The Best Hot Dogs Outside the U.S."</a> <i>Booking.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105716/https://www.booking.com/articles/the-best-hot-dogs-outside-the-us.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Booking.com&rft.atitle=The+Best+Hot+Dogs+Outside+the+U.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booking.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-best-hot-dogs-outside-the-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusilo2016" class="citation news cs1">Susilo, Darren (24 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blogto.com/restaurants/pinoy-waffles-toronto/">"Pinoy Waffles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tonight_(newspaper)" title="Tonight (newspaper)">blogTO</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105719/https://www.blogto.com/restaurants/pinoy-waffles-toronto/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=blogTO&rft.atitle=Pinoy+Waffles&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Susilo&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blogto.com%2Frestaurants%2Fpinoy-waffles-toronto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casabaluartefilipinorecipes.com/2016/02/waffle-hotdog.html">"Waffle Hot Dog"</a>. <i>Casa Baluarte Filipino Recipes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105719/https://www.casabaluartefilipinorecipes.com/2016/02/waffle-hotdog.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Casa+Baluarte+Filipino+Recipes&rft.atitle=Waffle+Hot+Dog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.casabaluartefilipinorecipes.com%2F2016%2F02%2Fwaffle-hotdog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutongbahayrecipe.com/snacks/hotdog-waffle/">"Hotdog Waffle"</a>. <i>Lutong Bahay Recipe</i>. 20 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105721/https://www.lutongbahayrecipe.com/snacks/hotdog-waffle/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lutong+Bahay+Recipe&rft.atitle=Hotdog+Waffle&rft.date=2019-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lutongbahayrecipe.com%2Fsnacks%2Fhotdog-waffle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2004/10/06/life-and-times/universal-waffles/685269">"Universal waffles"</a>. <i>The Manila Times</i>. 6 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105728/https://www.manilatimes.net/2004/10/06/life-and-times/universal-waffles/685269">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Universal+waffles&rft.date=2004-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2004%2F10%2F06%2Flife-and-times%2Funiversal-waffles%2F685269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2006/05/20/business/waffle-time/823662">"Waffle Time"</a>. <i>The Manila Times</i>. 20 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209105725/https://www.manilatimes.net/2006/05/20/business/waffle-time/823662">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&rft.atitle=Waffle+Time&rft.date=2006-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2006%2F05%2F20%2Fbusiness%2Fwaffle-time%2F823662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWaffle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110235323/http://luckypeach.com/recipes/waffle-hot-dog/">"Waffle Hot Dog - Lucky Peach"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Hash_House_a_go_go" title="Hash House a go go">Hash House a go go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krumkake" title="Krumkake">Krumkake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquemant_waffles" title="Lacquemant waffles">Lacquemant waffles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffle" title="Moffle">Moffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_waffle" title="Potato waffle">Potato waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroopwafel" title="Stroopwafel">Stroopwafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_CG" title="Sunbeam CG">Sunbeam CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_Crisp" title="Waffle Crisp">Waffle Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_Day" title="Waffle Day">Waffle Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_house" title="Pancake house">Waffle House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_iron" title="Waffle iron">Waffle iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonut" title="Wonut">Wonut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Dorsa" title="Frank Dorsa">Frank Dorsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Waffle" title="Polly Waffle">Polly Waffle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Waffles" title="Category:Waffles">Category:Waffles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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