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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Fruit butter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_butter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit_curd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_curd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Fruit curd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_curd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit_spread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_spread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Fruit spread</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_spread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Jam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jelly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jelly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Jelly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jelly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marmalade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marmalade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Marmalade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marmalade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legal definitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_definitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal definitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadian_regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Canadian regulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union_directives_on_jam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union_directives_on_jam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>European Union directives on jam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union_directives_on_jam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_FDA_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_FDA_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>US FDA definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_FDA_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A9" title="الفاكهة المحفوظة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفاكهة المحفوظة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfitfr%C3%BCchte" title="Konfitfrüchte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konfitfrüchte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuviljakonservid" title="Puuviljakonservid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puuviljakonservid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CE%B7-%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD)" title="Μαρμελάδα (μη-εσπεριδοειδών) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρμελάδα (μη-εσπεριδοειδών)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservas_de_frutas" title="Conservas de frutas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conservas de frutas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87" title="نگهدارنده میوه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نگهدارنده میوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%A0%80%EB%B8%8C" title="프리저브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리저브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam" title="Jam – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="फल मुरब्बा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फल मुरब्बा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awetan_buah" title="Awetan buah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Awetan buah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9_woh" title="Sélé woh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sélé woh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awetan_buah" title="Awetan buah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Awetan buah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fruit preserves" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyve_konservesi" title="Meyve konservesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meyve konservesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E9%A4%9E" title="蜜餞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蜜餞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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For the George Harrison record, see <a href="/wiki/Apple_Jam" title="Apple Jam">Apple Jam</a>. For the Jason Becker album, see <a href="/wiki/The_Blackberry_Jams" title="The Blackberry Jams">The Blackberry Jams</a>. For The Western Australian tree, see <a href="/wiki/Acacia_acuminata" title="Acacia acuminata">Acacia acuminata</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Fruit preserves</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fruits_jam_variants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fruits_jam_variants.jpg/250px-Fruits_jam_variants.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fruits_jam_variants.jpg/375px-Fruits_jam_variants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fruits_jam_variants.jpg/500px-Fruits_jam_variants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Blueberry, strawberry, apricot, orange, and apple preserves</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spread_(food)" title="Spread (food)">Spread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Fruit_Preserves" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Fruit Preserves">Cookbook: Fruit preserves</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Preserved_fruit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Preserved fruit">Media: Fruit preserves</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribotroshhashana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ribotroshhashana.jpg/220px-Ribotroshhashana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ribotroshhashana.jpg/330px-Ribotroshhashana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ribotroshhashana.jpg/440px-Ribotroshhashana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>Five varieties of fruit preserves (clockwise from top): apple, <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quince</a>, plum, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, orange (in the center)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fruit preserves</b> are preparations of <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a> whose main preserving agent is <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Acid#In_food" title="Acid">acid</a>, often stored in glass jars and used as a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spread_(food)" title="Spread (food)">spread</a>. </p><p>There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and its place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "<a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable fruits</a>" such as tomato, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(vegetable)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (vegetable)">squash</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zucchini" title="Zucchini">zucchini</a>, are eaten alongside savory foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several techniques of making jam, with or without added water. One factor depends on the natural <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a> content of the ingredients. When making jam with low-pectin fruits like strawberries, high-pectin fruit like orange can be added, or additional pectin in the form of pectin powder, citric acid or citrus peels. Often the fruit will be heated gently in a pan to release its juices (and pectin), sometimes with a little added water, before the sugar is added. Another method is to <a href="/wiki/Maceration_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maceration (food)">macerate</a> the fruits in sugar overnight and cook this down to a syrup.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_terminology">Regional terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colmar_(6710880299).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg/220px-Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg/330px-Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg/440px-Colmar_%286710880299%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4229" data-file-height="2809" /></a><figcaption>Jars of <i>confiture</i> and <i>gelée</i> for sale in <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>preserves</i> is usually interchangeable with <i>jams</i> even though <i>preserves</i> contain chunks or pieces of the fruit whereas <i>jams</i> in some regions do not. Closely related names include: <i>chutney</i>, <i>confit</i>, <i>conserve</i>, <i>fruit butter</i>, <i>fruit curd</i>, <i>fruit spread</i>, <i>jelly</i>, <i>cheese</i>, <i>leather</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some cookbooks define preserves as cooked and gelled whole fruit (or vegetable), which includes a significant portion of the fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-joc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the English-speaking world, the two terms are more strictly differentiated and, when this is not the case, the more usual generic term is 'jam'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The singular <i>preserve</i> or <i>conserve</i> is used as a collective noun for high fruit content jam, often for marketing purposes. Additionally, the name of the type of fruit preserves will also vary depending on the regional variant of English being used. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheong">Cheong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cheong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong (food)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yujacha_(yuja_tea).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg/220px-Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg/330px-Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg/440px-Yujacha_%28yuja_tea%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Yuja-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuja-cheong">Yuja-cheong</a></i> (preserved <a href="/wiki/Citrus_junos" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus junos">yuja</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Cheong</b></i> is a name for various sweetened foods in the form of syrups, marmalades, and fruit preserves in Korean cuisine. It is used as a tea base, as a honey-or-sugar substitute in cooking, and as a condiment. </p><p>There are liquid varieties such as <i><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">maesil-cheong</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Prunus_mume" title="Prunus mume">plum</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a>-like varieties such as <i><a href="/wiki/Yuja-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuja-cheong">yuja-cheong</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Citrus_junos" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus junos">yuja</a> <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Conserve_(condiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conserve (condiment)">conserve</a>-like varieties such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mogwa-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogwa-cheong">mogwa-cheong</a></i> (preserved <a href="/wiki/Pseudocydonia_sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocydonia sinensis">quince</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chutney">Chutney</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chutney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a></div> <p>A <b> chutney</b> is a relish of Indian origin made of fruit, spices and herbs. Although originally intended to be eaten soon after preparation, modern chutneys are often made to be sold, so they require preservatives – often sugar and vinegar – to ensure they have a suitable shelf life. Mango chutney, for example, is mangoes <a href="/wiki/Reduction_(cooking)" title="Reduction (cooking)">reduced</a> with sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confit">Confit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Confit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></div> <p><b>Confit</b>, the past participle of the French verb <i>confire</i>, "to preserve", is applied both to preservation of meats,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to fruits or vegetables seasoned and cooked with honey or sugar till jam-like.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savory confits, such as those made with garlic or fennel, may call for an oil, such as virgin olive oil, as the preserving agent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Konfyt</b> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>: "jam" or "fruit preserve"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a type of jam eaten in Southern Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Is this South Africa, or the southern part of Africa? (July 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is made by boiling selected fruit or fruits (such as strawberries, apricots, oranges, lemons, watermelons, berries, peaches, prickly pears, or others) and sugar, and optionally adding a little ginger to enhance the flavor. The origin of the term is obscure, but it is theorized that it came from the French. The word is also based on the French term <i>confiture</i> via the Dutch <i>confident</i> (meaning candied fruit).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conserve">Conserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fruit_preserves" title="Special:EditPage/Fruit preserves">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Az-Strawberry_jam,_making_by_e-citizen_(moonsun1981).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG/220px-Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG/330px-Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG/440px-Az-Strawberry_jam%2C_making_by_e-citizen_%28moonsun1981%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Strawberry <a href="/wiki/Varenye" title="Varenye">varenye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Murabba" title="Murabba">murabba</a>) </figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>conserve</b>, or <b>whole fruit jam</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grange-RW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grange-RW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a preserve made of fruit stewed in sugar. </p><p>The making of conserves can be trickier than making a standard jam; it requires cooking or sometimes steeping the fruit in the hot sugar mixture for just long enough to allow the flavor to be extracted from the fruit,<sup id="cite_ref-Patten-Basics_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patten-Basics-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sugar to penetrate it, but not so long that the fruit breaks down and liquefies. This process can also be achieved by spreading the dry sugar over raw fruit in layers, and leaving for several hours to penetrate into the fruit and soak the water out, then heating the resulting mixture to bring it just to the set point.<sup id="cite_ref-Grange-RW_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grange-RW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WI-Jam_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WI-Jam-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this minimal cooking, some fruits are not particularly suitable for making into conserves, because they require cooking for longer periods to avoid faults such as tough skins and spoiling.<sup id="cite_ref-Patten-Basics_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patten-Basics-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">Currants and gooseberries</a>, and a number of <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a> are among these fruits. </p><p>Because of this shorter cooking period, not as much pectin will be released from the fruit, and consequently conserves, particularly if home-cooked, will sometimes be slightly softer set than some jams.<sup id="cite_ref-WI-Jam_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WI-Jam-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an alternative definition of a conserve: a preserve made from a mixture of fruits or vegetables. Conserves in this sense may also include dried fruit or nuts.<sup id="cite_ref-unm_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unm-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_butter">Fruit butter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fruit butter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fruit_butter" title="Fruit butter">Fruit butter</a></div> <p><b>Fruit butter</b>, in this context, refers to a process where the whole fruit is forced through a sieve or blended after the heating process. </p> <blockquote><p>Fruit butter are generally made from larger fruits, such as apples, plums, peaches, or grapes. Cook until softened and run through a sieve to give a smooth consistency. After sieving, cook the pulp ... add sugar and cook as rapidly as possible with constant stirring.… The finished product should mound up when dropped from a spoon, but should not cut like jelly. Nor should there be any free liquid. </p><dl><dd>—Berolzheimer, R. (ed,) et al. (1959)<sup id="cite_ref-ruth_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_curd">Fruit curd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fruit curd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fruit_curd" title="Fruit curd">Fruit curd</a></div> <p><b>Fruit curd</b> is a dessert topping and spread usually made with lemon, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">lime</a>, orange, or <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-definitional_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definitional-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic ingredients are beaten egg yolks, sugar, fruit juice and <a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">zest</a> which are gently cooked together until thick and then allowed to cool, forming a soft, smooth, flavorful spread. Some recipes also include <a href="/wiki/Egg_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg whites">egg whites</a> or butter.<sup id="cite_ref-recipe_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recipe-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_spread">Fruit spread</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fruit spread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> has <i>Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FDA-regs_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA-regs-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "fruit spread" is not defined. </p><p>The term is sometimes used for a jam or preserve with no added sugar,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there are many foodstuffs described as "fruit spreads" by leading manufacturers that do contain added sugar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jam">Jam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jam" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jam (disambiguation)">Jam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Strawberry jam" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Jam" title="Strawberry Jam">Strawberry Jam</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LingonberryJam.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LingonberryJam.jpeg/220px-LingonberryJam.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LingonberryJam.jpeg/330px-LingonberryJam.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/LingonberryJam.jpeg/440px-LingonberryJam.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lingonberry_jam" title="Lingonberry jam">Lingonberry jam</a> on <a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">toast</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jam</b> refers to a product made of whole fruit cut into pieces or crushed, then heated with water and sugar until it reaches "jelling" or "setting" point, which is achieved through the action of natural or added <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>. It is then sealed in containers. </p><p>Jam making became "a great new industry" in 19th century England, at which point English jam makers had access to a global market, thriving after the repeal of sugar duties in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">Pectin</a> is mainly D-galacturonic acid connected by α (1–4) glycosidic linkages. The side chains of pectin may contain small amounts of other sugars such as L-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose. In jams, pectin thickens the final product via cross-linking of the large polymer chains.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recipes without added pectin use the natural pectin in the fruit to set. Tart <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, sour <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, currants, <a href="/wiki/Gooseberry" title="Gooseberry">gooseberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concord_grape" title="Concord grape">Concord grapes</a>, soft <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, and quinces work well in recipes without added pectin.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other fruits, such as apricots, blueberries, cherries, peaches, pineapple, raspberries, rhubarb, and strawberries are low in pectin. In order to set, or gel, they must be combined with one of the higher pectin fruits or used with commercially produced or homemade pectin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of added pectin decreases cooking time. </p><p><i>Freezer jam</i> is uncooked (or cooked less than 5 minutes), then stored frozen. It is popular in parts of North America for its very fresh taste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jelly">Jelly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jelly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pektin1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pektin1.svg/335px-Pektin1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="335" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pektin1.svg/503px-Pektin1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pektin1.svg/670px-Pektin1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>This drawing depicts a pectin molecule. These molecules combine to form the network responsible for making jelly.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jelly_(dessert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelly (dessert)">Jelly (dessert)</a>.</div> <p>The category of fruit preserve referred to as a <b>jelly</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>gelée</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a clear or translucent fruit spread made by a process similar to that used for making jam, with the additional step of filtering out the fruit pulp after the initial cooking. </p> <blockquote><p>Good jelly is clear and sparkling and has a fresh flavor of the fruit from which it is made. It is tender enough to quiver when moved but holds angles when cut.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The characteristic clarity and jellied consistency of a jelly are qualities it shares with the <a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert" title="Gelatin dessert">gelatin-based dessert</a> also called jelly in some places.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High pectin fruits such as quinces, apples, or <a href="/wiki/Redcurrant" title="Redcurrant">redcurrants</a> are used for making jelly.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, jellies made from strawberries or <a href="/wiki/Concord_grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Concord grapes">concord grapes</a> are most popular and are used for making <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">peanut butter and jelly sandwiches</a>. Fruit jellies may be used in a meal or dish in a similar way to jam. Some jellies, such as <a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Redcurrant jelly">redcurrant</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mint_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint jelly">mint</a>, are classic accompaniments to roasted meats such as turkey, game, and lamb. </p><p>Pectin is essential to the formation of jelly because it acts as a <a href="/wiki/Thickening_agent" title="Thickening agent">gelling agent</a>, meaning when the pectin chains combine, they create a network that results in a gel. The strength and effectiveness of the side chains and the bonds they form depend on the pH of the pectin; the optimal pH is between 2.8 and 3.2.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marmalade">Marmalade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marmalade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">Marmalade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homemade_marmalade,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg/220px-Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg/330px-Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg/440px-Homemade_marmalade%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Homemade English <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">Marmalade</a> is a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus fruits</a> boiled with <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and water. It can be produced from lemons, limes, grapefruits, mandarins, sweet oranges, <a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">bergamots</a> and other citrus fruits, or any combination thereof. Marmalade is distinguished from <a href="#Jam">jam</a> by the inclusion of citrus peel, and the use of more water, in which respect it resembles a jelly. It is distinguished from a jelly by containing pieces of fruit peel. </p><p>The benchmark citrus fruit for marmalade production in Britain is the bitter Spanish <a href="/wiki/Bitter_orange" title="Bitter orange">Seville orange</a>, <i>Citrus aurantium</i> var. <i>aurantium</i>, prized for its high <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a> content, which gives a good set. The peel has a distinctive bitter taste which it imparts to the preserve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fruit preserves are used in many food preparations and recipes; some examples include:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Spread on <a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">toast</a></li> <li>Part of a <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">peanut butter and jelly sandwich</a></li> <li>The key ingredient for a <a href="/wiki/Jam_sandwich_(food)" title="Jam sandwich (food)">jam sandwich</a></li> <li>Used to fill sandwich <a href="/wiki/Biscuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Biscuits">biscuits</a></li> <li>Used to sandwich two or more layers of a <a href="/wiki/Cake" title="Cake">cake</a> together, notably <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Sponge" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Sponge">Victoria Sponge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bubbling_Jam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bubbling_Jam.jpg/220px-Bubbling_Jam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bubbling_Jam.jpg/330px-Bubbling_Jam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bubbling_Jam.jpg/440px-Bubbling_Jam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Jam being made in a pot</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pan,_preserving_(AM_1969.85-2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg/220px-Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg/330px-Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg/440px-Pan%2C_preserving_%28AM_1969.85-2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>A copper preserving pan</figcaption></figure> <p>In general, jam is produced by taking mashed or chopped fruit or vegetable pulp and boiling it with sugar and water. The proportion of sugar and fruit varies according to the type of fruit and its ripeness, but a rough starting point is equal weights of each. When the mixture reaches a temperature of 104 °C (219 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a> in the fruit react with the sugar, and the jam will set on cooling. Most home cooks work by <a href="/wiki/Trial_and_error" title="Trial and error">trial and error</a> rather than temperature measurement, bringing the mixture to a "fast rolling <a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">boil</a>", watching to see if the seething mass changes <a href="/wiki/Texture_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Texture (food)">texture</a>, and dropping small samples on a plate to see if they run or set.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercially produced jams are usually produced using one of two methods. The first is the open pan method, which is essentially a larger scale version of the method a home jam maker would use. This gives a traditional flavor, with some caramelization of the sugars. The second commercial process involves the use of a vacuum vessel, where the jam is placed under a vacuum, which has the effect of reducing its boiling temperature to anywhere between 65 and 80 °C depending on the recipe and the end result desired. The lower boiling temperature enables the water to be driven off as it would be when using the traditional open pan method, but with the added benefit of retaining more of the volatile flavor compounds from the fruit, preventing caramelization of the sugars, and of course reducing the overall energy required to make the product. However, once the desired amount of water has been driven off, the jam still needs to be heated briefly to 95 to 100 °C (203 to 212 °F) for safety, to kill pathogens that would otherwise proliferate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During commercial filling it is common to use a flame to <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)" title="Sterilization (microbiology)">sterilize</a> the rim and <a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">lid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">jars</a> to destroy any yeasts and molds, which could cause spoilage during storage. Steam is commonly injected immediately before lidding; when the steam condenses after lidding it creates a vacuum which both helps prevent spoilage and pulls down a <a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology#Product_packaging" title="Tamper-evident technology">tamper-evident</a> "safety button" when used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packaging">Packaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The high sugar content makes jam keep for exceedingly long times before unsealing the packaging, and for a long time at room temperature after opening, as fruit preserves are typically of low <a href="/wiki/Water_activity" title="Water activity">water activity</a>. Glass or plastic <a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">jars</a> are often used to store jam that is not all to be used at once, as a replaceable tightly-fitting lid can be used. Other methods of packaging jam, especially for industrially produced products, include cans and plastic packets, especially used in the food service industry for individual servings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_definitions">Legal definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legal definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_regulations">Canadian regulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Canadian regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the Processed Products Regulations (C.R.C., c. 291), jams, jellies, citrus marmalade, and preserves are defined. Each must contain a minimum percentage of the named fruit and a minimum percentage of water-soluble solids. Jams "shall be the product made by boiling fruit, fruit pulp or canned fruit to a suitable consistency with water and a sweetening ingredient", jellies "shall be the product made by boiling fruit juice or concentrated fruit juice that is free from seeds and pulp with water and a sweetening ingredient until it acquires a gelatinous consistency".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, fruit jam is categorized into two types: fruit jam and fruit jam with <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>. Both types contain fruit, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit pulp">fruit pulp</a> or canned fruit and are boiled with water and a <a href="/wiki/Sweetening" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetening">sweetening</a> ingredient. Both must have 66% water-soluble solids. Fruit jam and fruit jam with pectin may contain a class II <a href="/wiki/Preservative" title="Preservative">preservative</a>, a pH adjusting agent or an <a href="/wiki/Antifoaming_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifoaming agent">antifoaming agent</a>. Both types cannot contain apple or <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a> fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Branch_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Branch-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though both types of jam are very similar, there are some differences in fruit percent, added pectin, and added <a href="/wiki/Acidity_or_alkalinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidity or alkalinity">acidity</a>. Fruit jam must have at least 45% fruit and may contain added pectin to compensate for the natural pectin level found in the fruit. Fruit jam with pectin need only contain 27% fruit and is allowed to contain added acidity to compensate for the natural acidity of the fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-Branch_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Branch-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the Food and Drug Regulations of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drugs_Act" title="Food and Drugs Act">Food and Drugs Act</a> of Canada categorizes jelly into two types: jelly, and jelly with <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jelly may be made from the fruit, the fruit juice, or a fruit juice concentrate, and must contain at least 62% water-soluble solids.<sup id="cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jelly may contain an acid ingredient that makes up for any lack in the natural acidity of the fruit, a chemical to adjust the pH, and/or an <a href="/wiki/Defoamer" title="Defoamer">antifoaming agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jelly with pectin must be made with a minimum of 62% water-soluble solids and a minimum of 32% juice of the named fruit, and may contain an acid ingredient that compensates for the lack in the natural acidity of the fruit; the additional juice of another fruit; a gelling agent; food color; a Class II preservative (such as <a href="/wiki/Benzoates" title="Benzoates">benzoates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbate">sorbates</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a>); a chemical to adjust the pH; and/or an <a href="/wiki/Defoamer" title="Defoamer">antifoaming agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union_directives_on_jam">European Union directives on jam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: European Union directives on jam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the jam <a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">directive</a> (Council Directive 79/693/EEC, 24 July 1979)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> set minimum standards for the amount of "fruit" in jam, but the definition of fruit was expanded to take account of several unusual kinds of jam made in the EU. For this purpose, "fruit" is considered to include fruits that are not usually treated in a culinary sense as fruits, such as tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a>, and pumpkins; fruits that are not normally made into jams; and vegetables that are sometimes made into jams, such as <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a> (the edible part of the stalks), carrots, and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>. This definition continues to apply in the new directive, Council Directive 2001/113/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut purée intended for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-eu2001_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu2001-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Extra jam</b> is subject to somewhat stricter rules that set higher standards for the minimum fruit content (45% instead of 35% as a general rule, but lower for some fruits such as redcurrants and blackcurrants), specifying the use of unconcentrated fruit pulp, and forbidding the mixture of certain fruits and vegetables with others.<sup id="cite_ref-eu2001_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu2001-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Extra jelly</b> similarly specifies that the proportion of fruit juice or aqueous extracts in the finished product must not be less than that laid down for the manufacture of extra jam.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_FDA_definitions">US FDA definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: US FDA definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) published standards of identity in 21 CFR 150, and treats jam and preserves as synonymous, but distinguishes jelly from jams and preserves. All of these are cooked and pectin-gelled fruit products, but jellies are made from fruit juice, without seeds and pulp, while jams and preserves are gelled fruit that may include the seeds and pulp. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> offers grading service based on these standards.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_jam" title="Beer jam">Beer jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiture" title="Confiture">Confiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lekvar">Lekvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingonberry_jam" title="Lingonberry jam">Lingonberry jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spreads" title="List of spreads">List of spreads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strawberry_dishes" title="List of strawberry dishes">List of strawberry dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">Pepper jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_cheese" title="Quince cheese">Quince cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_sweets" title="Spoon sweets">Spoon sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark2012" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Melissa (14 September 2012). "Make Room In the Fridge For Jam". <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Make+Room+In+the+Fridge+For+Jam&rft.date=2012-09-14&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelly2013" class="citation news cs1">Connelly, Andy (3 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/oct/03/science-magic-jam-making">"The science and magic of jam-making"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+science+and+magic+of+jam-making&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fblog%2F2013%2Foct%2F03%2Fscience-magic-jam-making&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-joc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Cooking" class="mw-redirect" title="The Joy of Cooking"><i>The Joy of Cooking</i></a>. 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Joy+of+Cooking&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howard L & Patten M (eds), 1960, The Australian Women's Weekly — Cookery in colour, Paul Hamlin LTD, London UK, sections956-971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonem2017" class="citation web cs1">Bonem, Max (12 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodandwine.com/condiments/jams/differences-between-7-types-fruit-preserves">"The Differences Between 7 Kinds of Fruit Preserves"</a>. <i>Food & Wine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+%26+Wine&rft.atitle=The+Differences+Between+7+Kinds+of+Fruit+Preserves&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.aulast=Bonem&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodandwine.com%2Fcondiments%2Fjams%2Fdifferences-between-7-types-fruit-preserves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon2024" class="citation web cs1">McMahon, Mary (16 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wise-geek.com/what-are-some-types-of-fruit-preserves.htm">"What are Some Types of Fruit Preserves? (with pictures)"</a>. <i>DelightedCooking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DelightedCooking&rft.atitle=What+are+Some+Types+of+Fruit+Preserves%3F+%28with+pictures%29&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wise-geek.com%2Fwhat-are-some-types-of-fruit-preserves.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jam-making.com/jam_preserve_types.html">"Types of Jam and Preserve"</a>. <i>www.jam-making.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jam-making.com&rft.atitle=Types+of+Jam+and+Preserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jam-making.com%2Fjam_preserve_types.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/sep/29/features11.g22">"On the menu: confit"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. UK. 29 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509095227/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/sep/29/features11.g22">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2008</span>. <q>Usually duck, pork or goose, although you can use other meats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=On+the+menu%3A+confit&rft.date=2008-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2000%2Fsep%2F29%2Ffeatures11.g22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/confit">"Definition: Confit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080922105723/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/confit">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2008</span>. <q>A condiment made by cooking seasoned fruit or vegetables!, usually to a jamlike consistency</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition%3A+Confit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fconfit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/TOMATO-CONFIT-AND-MARINATED-TOMATOES-SERVED-ON-A-CRISPY-TART-108547">"Tomato Confit recipe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bon_App%C3%A9tit" title="Bon Appétit">Bon Appétit</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Epicurious" title="Epicurious">Epicurious</a>. September 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003035838/http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/TOMATO-CONFIT-AND-MARINATED-TOMATOES-SERVED-ON-A-CRISPY-TART-108547">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bon+App%C3%A9tit&rft.atitle=Tomato+Confit+recipe&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicurious.com%2Frecipes%2Ffood%2Fviews%2FTOMATO-CONFIT-AND-MARINATED-TOMATOES-SERVED-ON-A-CRISPY-TART-108547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/GARLIC-CONFIT-241125">"Garlic Confit recipe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bon_App%C3%A9tit" title="Bon Appétit">Bon Appétit</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Epicurious" title="Epicurious">Epicurious</a>. January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906015453/http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/GARLIC-CONFIT-241125">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bon+App%C3%A9tit&rft.atitle=Garlic+Confit+recipe&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicurious.com%2Frecipes%2Ffood%2Fviews%2FGARLIC-CONFIT-241125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelahunty2008" class="citation book cs1">Delahunty, Andrew, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nvu17oLIQNgC&pg=PA186"><i>From bonbon to cha-cha : Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases</i></a> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199543694" title="Special:BookSources/9780199543694"><bdi>9780199543694</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+bonbon+to+cha-cha+%3A+Oxford+dictionary+of+foreign+words+and+phrases.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=186&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780199543694&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNvu17oLIQNgC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsseo-Asare2005" class="citation book cs1">Osseo-Asare, Fran (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1s-a7EMM6BgC&pg=PA73"><i>Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313324888" title="Special:BookSources/9780313324888"><bdi>9780313324888</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Culture+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780313324888&rft.aulast=Osseo-Asare&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1s-a7EMM6BgC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grange-RW-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grange-RW_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grange-RW_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrange1992" class="citation book cs1">Grange, Cyril (1992). <i>The Right Way To Make Jams</i> (2nd ed.). Right Way Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7160-2126-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7160-2126-9"><bdi>0-7160-2126-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Right+Way+To+Make+Jams&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Right+Way+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7160-2126-9&rft.aulast=Grange&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patten-Basics-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patten-Basics_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patten-Basics_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatten2001" class="citation book cs1">Patten, Marguerite (February 2001). <i>Basic Basics: Jams, Preserves and Chutneys Handbook</i> (2004 reprint ed.). Grub Street Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902304-72-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-902304-72-1"><bdi>1-902304-72-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Basics%3A+Jams%2C+Preserves+and+Chutneys+Handbook&rft.edition=2004+reprint&rft.pub=Grub+Street+Books&rft.date=2001-02&rft.isbn=1-902304-72-1&rft.aulast=Patten&rft.aufirst=Marguerite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WI-Jam-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WI-Jam_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WI-Jam_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2002" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Midge (2 September 2002). <i>Best kept secrets of the Women's Institute: Jams, pickles & chutneys</i> (1st ed.). Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2113-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2113-3"><bdi>0-7432-2113-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Best+kept+secrets+of+the+Women%27s+Institute%3A+Jams%2C+pickles+%26+chutneys&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2002-09-02&rft.isbn=0-7432-2113-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Midge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unm-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unm_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsabel_D._WolfWilliam_Schafer1990" class="citation web cs1">Isabel D. Wolf; William Schafer (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913121616/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/nutrition/DJ1088.html">"Making Jams, Marmalades, Preserves, and Conserves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Minnesota Extension">University of Minnesota Extension</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/nutrition/DJ1088.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+Jams%2C+Marmalades%2C+Preserves%2C+and+Conserves&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Extension&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Isabel+D.+Wolf&rft.au=William+Schafer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extension.umn.edu%2Fdistribution%2Fnutrition%2FDJ1088.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ruth-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ruth_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Berolzheimer1969" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Berolzheimer, ed. (1969). <i>Culinary arts institute encyclopedic cookbook (revised)</i>. Chicago USA.: Culinary arts institute. p. 830. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000N4WC5Y">B000N4WC5Y</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culinary+arts+institute+encyclopedic+cookbook+%28revised%29&rft.place=Chicago+USA.&rft.pages=830&rft.pub=Culinary+arts+institute&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000N4WC5Y%23id-name%3DASIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definitional-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-definitional_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20050629/caketerms29/cake-talk-what-the-terms-mean">"Cake Talk: What the terms mean"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Cooking" class="mw-redirect" title="The Joy of Cooking">The Joy of Cooking</a></i>. The Seattle Times. 29 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603133149/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20050629&slug=caketerms29">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Joy+of+Cooking&rft.atitle=Cake+Talk%3A+What+the+terms+mean&rft.date=2005-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F20050629%2Fcaketerms29%2Fcake-talk-what-the-terms-mean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recipe-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-recipe_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Ramsay2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay" title="Gordon Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a> (20 June 2007). "Lemon and Poppy Seed Scones with Homemade Lemon Curd". <i>The Times</i>. UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Lemon+and+Poppy+Seed+Scones+with+Homemade+Lemon+Curd&rft.date=2007-06-20&rft.au=Gordon+Ramsay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA-regs-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDA-regs_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=3cad51335d9ff6b300b9b940c80621d4&mc=true&n=pt21.2.150&r=PART&ty=HTML">"Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter B, Part 150"</a>. <i>Electronic Code of Federal Regulations</i>. Government Publishing Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Code+of+Federal+Regulations&rft.atitle=Title+21%2C+Chapter+I%2C+Subchapter+B%2C+Part+150&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2FretrieveECFR%3Fgp%3D%26SID%3D3cad51335d9ff6b300b9b940c80621d4%26mc%3Dtrue%26n%3Dpt21.2.150%26r%3DPART%26ty%3DHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolek" class="citation web cs1">Rolek, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/fruit-butters-conserves-jams-and-preserves-1136515">"What is fruit butter? Marmalade? Jam?"</a>. <i>the spruce</i>. (Updated 03/20/17)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+spruce&rft.atitle=What+is+fruit+butter%3F+Marmalade%3F+Jam%3F&rft.aulast=Rolek&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruce.com%2Ffruit-butters-conserves-jams-and-preserves-1136515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Dédé. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bakepedia.com/tipsandtricks/fruit-spreads/">"Fruit Spreads"</a>. <i>Bakepedia, The Baker’s Resource</i>. Bakepedia LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bakepedia%2C+The+Baker%E2%80%99s+Resource&rft.atitle=Fruit+Spreads&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A9d%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakepedia.com%2Ftipsandtricks%2Ffruit-spreads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtter2020" class="citation book cs1">Otter, Chris (2020). <i>Diet for a large planet</i>. USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9"><bdi>978-0-226-69710-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diet+for+a+large+planet&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-226-69710-9&rft.aulast=Otter&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter1991" class="citation book cs1">Walter, Reginald (1991). <i>The Chemistry and Technology of Pectin</i>. Academic Press Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780127338705" title="Special:BookSources/9780127338705"><bdi>9780127338705</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+and+Technology+of+Pectin&rft.pub=Academic+Press+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780127338705&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/FN-SSB.110.pdf">"<i>The Science of Jam and Jelly Making</i> UK Cooperative Extension Service (University of Kentucky College of Agriculture)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906005927/http://www2.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/factshts/FN-SSB.110.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Jam+and+Jelly+Making+UK+Cooperative+Extension+Service+%28University+of+Kentucky+College+of+Agriculture%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ca.uky.edu%2Fhes%2Ffcs%2Ffactshts%2FFN-SSB.110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pickyourown.org/makeyourownpectin.htm">"How to Make Your Own Natural Pectin for Use in Making Homemade Jam and Jelly"</a>. <i>pickyourown.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831031638/http://www.pickyourown.org/makeyourownpectin.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pickyourown.org&rft.atitle=How+to+Make+Your+Own+Natural+Pectin+for+Use+in+Making+Homemade+Jam+and+Jelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pickyourown.org%2Fmakeyourownpectin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allotment-garden.org/food/pectin-jam.php"><i>Pectin for Jam, Jelly & Marmalade Making</i> allotment garden.org (British site)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001080405/http://www.allotment-garden.org/food/pectin-jam.php">Archived</a> 1 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedgwood1855" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hensleigh_Wedgwood" title="Hensleigh Wedgwood">Wedgwood, Hensleigh</a> (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3924121;view=1up;seq=76">"On False Etymologies"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Philological Society</i> (6): 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Philological+Society&rft.atitle=On+False+Etymologies&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=66&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Wedgwood&rft.aufirst=Hensleigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3924121%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berolzheimer R (ed) et al. (1959)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berolzheimer, pp. 826–829</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Sinclair2009" class="citation book cs1">Charles Sinclair (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdwm7jI9J10C&pg=PT534"><i>Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 534–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-0218-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-0218-3"><bdi>978-1-4081-0218-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203175625/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdwm7jI9J10C&pg=PT534">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Food%3A+International+Food+and+Cooking+Terms+from+A+to+Z&rft.pages=534-&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-0218-3&rft.au=Charles+Sinclair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdwm7jI9J10C%26pg%3DPT534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/10762/quince-jelly">"Quince Jelly"</a>. <i>bbcgoodfood.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183256/http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/10762/quince-jelly">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbcgoodfood.com&rft.atitle=Quince+Jelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Frecipes%2F10762%2Fquince-jelly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/redcurrant_and_mint_64246">"Redcurrant and mint jelly"</a>. <i>bbc.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914003236/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/redcurrant_and_mint_64246">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Redcurrant+and+mint+jelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffood%2Frecipes%2Fredcurrant_and_mint_64246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924110055/http://www.herbstreith-fox.de/fileadmin/tmpl/pdf/broschueren/Konfituere_englisch.pdf"><i>Jams, Jellies and Marmalades</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Neuenbürg/Württ: Herbstreith & Fox. pp. 7, <span class="nowrap">11–</span>13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.herbstreith-fox.de/fileadmin/tmpl/pdf/broschueren/Konfituere_englisch.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2016</span> – via PDF.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jams%2C+Jellies+and+Marmalades&rft.place=Neuenb%C3%BCrg%2FW%C3%BCrtt&rft.pages=7%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.pub=Herbstreith+%26+Fox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herbstreith-fox.de%2Ffileadmin%2Ftmpl%2Fpdf%2Fbroschueren%2FKonfituere_englisch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisebread.com/30-ways-to-use-up-a-jar-of-preserves">"30 Ways to Use Up a Jar of Preserves"</a>. <i>Wise Bread</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wise+Bread&rft.atitle=30+Ways+to+Use+Up+a+Jar+of+Preserves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisebread.com%2F30-ways-to-use-up-a-jar-of-preserves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MookyChick Central. (3 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mookychick.co.uk/how-to/how-to-guides/how-to-make-jam.php">"How To Make Jam"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612050423/http://www.mookychick.co.uk/how-to/how-to-guides/how-to-make-jam.php">Archived</a> 12 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>MookyChick</i>. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ball Blue Book of Preserving, Alltrista Consumer Products, June 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9727537-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9727537-0-2">0-9727537-0-2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9727537-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9727537-0-8">978-0-9727537-0-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414043225/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._291/page-21.html?term=jams+jam#sched2">"Processed Products Regulations"</a>. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._291/page-21.html?term=jams+jam#sched2">the original</a> on 14 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Processed+Products+Regulations&rft.pub=Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._291%2Fpage-21.html%3Fterm%3Djams%2Bjam%23sched2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Branch-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Branch_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Branch_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-61.html#h-87">"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"</a>. <i>laws.justice.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713042216/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-61.html#h-87">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laws.justice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+canada%2C+Food+and+Drug+Regulations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._870%2Fpage-61.html%23h-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-62.html#h-572428">"Food and Drug regulations"</a>. <i>Government of Canada</i>. 3 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+regulations&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._870%2Fpage-62.html%23h-572428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laws-lois.justice.gc.ca_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-63.html#h-572471">"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"</a>. <i>laws-lois.justice.gc.ca</i>. 3 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+canada%2C+Food+and+Drug+Regulations&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._870%2Fpage-63.html%23h-572471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0693:EN:NOT">Council Directive 79/693/EEC of 24 July 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and chestnut purée.</a> Not in force, replaced by Directive 2001/113/EC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu2001-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu2001_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu2001_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0113:EN:NOT">"Council Directive 2001/113/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut purée intended for human consumption"</a>. 20 December 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+Directive+2001%2F113%2FEC+of+20+December+2001+relating+to+fruit+jams%2C+jellies+and+marmalades+and+sweetened+chestnut+pur%C3%A9e+intended+for+human+consumption&rft.date=2001-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A32001L0113%3AEN%3ANOT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113923/https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/agri-foodindustry/foodlabelling/Labelling%20of%20Jams,%20Jellies%20and%20Marmalades.pdf">"Labelling of Jams, Jellies and Marmalades. The Department of Agriculture and Food AN ROIN TALMHA IOCHTA AGUS BIA Food Safety Authority of Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/agri-foodindustry/foodlabelling/Labelling%20of%20Jams,%20Jellies%20and%20Marmalades.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labelling+of+Jams%2C+Jellies+and+Marmalades.+The+Department+of+Agriculture+and+Food+AN+ROIN+TALMHA+IOCHTA+AGUS+BIA+Food+Safety+Authority+of+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.gov.ie%2Fmedia%2Fmigration%2Fagri-foodindustry%2Ffoodlabelling%2FLabelling%2520of%2520Jams%2C%2520Jellies%2520and%2520Marmalades.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usda-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usda_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/ppbweb/manuals/jelly.pdf">"Grading Manual for Fruit Jelly Fruit Preserves"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709211406/http://www.ams.usda.gov/fv/ppbweb/manuals/jelly.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grading+Manual+for+Fruit+Jelly+Fruit+Preserves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.usda.gov%2Ffv%2Fppbweb%2Fmanuals%2Fjelly.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFruit+preserves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_preserves&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jam" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:jam">jam</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jelly" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:jelly">jelly</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marmalade" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:marmalade">marmalade</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jams_and_Jellies" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jams and Jellies">Jams and Jellies</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000108926787">The principles of jelly-making</a>, by <a href="/wiki/N.E._Goldthwaite" class="mw-redirect" title="N.E. Goldthwaite">N.E. Goldthwaite</a> ... Goldthwaite, N. E. (Nellie Esther), ca. 1868–1946.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025211441/http://www.uga.edu/nchfp/how/can7_jam_jelly.html">Making Jams and Jellies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913121616/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/nutrition/DJ1088.html">Making Jams, Marmalades, Preserves, and Conserves</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-jam-jelly-and-preserves">Jam, jelly and fruit preserves</a> – <i>Encyclopædia Britannia</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agre_dulce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agre dulce">Agre dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrodolce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrodolce">Agrodolce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aioli" title="Aioli">Aioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">Barbecue sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigarade_sauce" title="Bigarade sauce">Bigarade sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sauce" title="Brown sauce">Brown sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo sauce">Buffalo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_sauce" title="Cheese sauce">Cheese sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfredo sauce">Alfredo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruso_sauce" title="Caruso sauce">Caruso sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_sauce" title="Cheddar sauce">Cheddar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheez_Whiz" title="Cheez Whiz">Cheez Whiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">Fondue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornay_sauce" title="Mornay sauce">Mornay sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacho_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacho cheese">Nacho cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_sauce_and_paste" title="Chili sauce and paste">Chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichurri" title="Chimichurri">Chimichurri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_sauce" title="Cocktail sauce">Cocktail sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colo-colo_(condiment)" title="Colo-colo (condiment)">Colo-colo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crema_(dairy_product)" title="Crema (dairy product)">Crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruru_(food)" title="Caruru (food)">Caruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabu-dabu" title="Dabu-dabu">Dabu-dabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritessaus" title="Fritessaus">Fritessaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_sauce" title="Fry sauce">Fry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garum" title="Garum">Garum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrique" title="Gastrique">Gastrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_sauce" title="Hot sauce">Hot sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">Latik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrenovina_sauce" title="Khrenovina sauce">Khrenovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon sauce">Lechon sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Rose_sauce" title="Marie Rose sauce">Marie Rose sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kewpie_(mayonnaise)" title="Kewpie (mayonnaise)">Kewpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielecki_Mayonnaise" title="Kielecki Mayonnaise">Kielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Whip" title="Miracle Whip">Miracle Whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignonette_sauce" title="Mignonette sauce">Mignonette sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_sauce" title="Mild sauce">Mild sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbo_sauce" title="Mumbo sauce">Mumbo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">Oyster sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Peanut sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear%C3%A0" title="Pearà">Pearà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistou" title="Pistou">Pistou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoulade" title="Remoulade">Remoulade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_golf" title="Salsa golf">Salsa golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_verde" title="Salsa verde">Salsa verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsivi" title="Satsivi">Satsivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sauce" title="Steak sauce">Steak sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">Tartar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiparos" title="Tiparos">Tiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">Vincotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sauce" title="XO sauce">XO sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_zingara" title="À la zingara">Zingara sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Condiments"><img alt="Condiments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/128px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/192px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/256px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dipping_sauce" title="Dipping sauce">Dips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Ajika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_con_queso" title="Chile con queso">Chile con queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_sauce" title="Duck sauce">Duck sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_chive_flower_sauce" title="Garlic chive flower sauce">Garlic chive flower sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogao" title="Hogao">Hogao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_dill" title="Honey dill">Honey dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_chim" title="Nam chim">Nam chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_phrik" title="Nam phrik">Nam phrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ch%E1%BA%A5m" title="Nước chấm">Nước chấm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyronnes" title="Skyronnes">Skyronnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_chili_sauce" title="Sweet chili sauce">Sweet chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toum" title="Toum">Toum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhug">Zhug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pickles and <br />preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchara" title="Atchara">Atchara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_mango_chutney" title="Green mango chutney">Green mango chutney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">Curtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encurtido" title="Encurtido">Encurtido</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fruit preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljutenica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljutenica">Ljutenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">Pepper jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_fruit" title="Pickled fruit">Pickled fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">Relish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_relish" title="Chicago-style relish">Chicago-style relish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbala">Sumbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_talangka" title="Taba ng talangka">Taba ng talangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_rind_preserves" title="Watermelon rind preserves">Watermelon rind preserves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spreads and pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajvar" title="Ajvar">Ajvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy_paste" title="Anchovy paste">Anchovy paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">Bagoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A7a" title="Salça">Biber salçası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Beurre Maître d'Hôtel">Beurre Maître d'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili paste">Chili paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Coconut jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_spread" title="Liver spread">Liver spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyopolou" title="Kyopolou">Kyopolou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maafe">Maafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malidzano" title="Malidzano">Malidzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extract" title="Meat extract">Meat extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murri_(condiment)" title="Murri (condiment)">Murri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_butter" title="Nut butter">Nut butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(condiment)" title="Palapa (condiment)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindjur" title="Pindjur">Pindjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Sahawiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi#As_condiment" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_extract" title="Yeast extract">Yeast extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegemite" title="Vegemite">Vegemite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacusc%C4%83" title="Zacuscă">Zacuscă</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oils and liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_oil" title="Chili oil">Chili oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Leicestershire_Table_Sauce" title="Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce">Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">Patis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoriglio" title="Salmoriglio">Salmoriglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_soy_sauce" title="Soup soy sauce">Soup soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyomansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyomansi">Toyomansi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu sauce</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spices and powders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Asín tibuok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomashio" title="Gomashio">Gomashio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG">MSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_seasoning" title="Popcorn seasoning">Popcorn seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper" title="Salt and pepper">Salt and pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekka" title="Tekka">Tekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_style" title="Carolina style">Carolina style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Coleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumbari" title="Kachumbari">Kachumbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumber" title="Kachumber">Kachumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pico_de_gallo" title="Pico de gallo">Pico de gallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_criolla" title="Salsa criolla">Salsa criolla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">Dressings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese_dressing" title="Blue cheese dressing">Blue cheese dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dressing" title="French dressing">French dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_dressing" title="Ginger dressing">Ginger dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goddess_dressing" title="Green goddess dressing">Green goddess dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_dressing" title="Italian dressing">Italian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_dressing" title="Louis dressing">Louis dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_salad_dressing" title="Mayfair salad dressing">Mayfair salad dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_dressing" title="Ranch dressing">Ranch dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dressing" title="Russian dressing">Russian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini sauce">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafu_dressing" title="Wafu dressing">Wafu dressing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">Ketchups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_ketchup" title="Fruit ketchup">Fruit ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dijon_mustard" title="Dijon mustard">Dijon mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey mustard">Honey mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasundi" title="Kasundi">Kasundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">Mostarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Spicy_brown/deli-style_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Spicy brown mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_mustard" title="Creole mustard">Creole mustard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Sweet_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Sweet mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecuci" title="Tecuci">Tecuci mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury_mustard" title="Tewkesbury mustard">Tewkesbury mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turun_sinappi" title="Turun sinappi">Turun sinappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#American/yellow_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Yellow mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">Vinegars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar_of_Modena" title="Balsamic vinegar of Modena">Balsamic vinegar of Modena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">Kaong palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt vinegar">Malt vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">Nipa palm vinegar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accompaniments_to_french_fries" title="List of accompaniments to french fries">Accompaniments to french fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_condiments" title="List of brand name condiments">Brand name condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chutneys" title="List of chutneys">Chutneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste#Traditional_pastes" title="Fish paste">Fish pastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_sauces" title="List of fish sauces">Fish sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Indian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_condiments" title="List of Indonesian condiments">Indonesian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Japanese condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayonnaises" title="List of mayonnaises">Mayonnaises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mustard_brands" title="List of mustard brands">Mustard brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_sauces" title="List of hot sauces">Hot sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_condiments" title="List of Pakistani condiments">Pakistani condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Philippine condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pickled_foods" title="List of pickled foods">Pickled foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accoutrements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruet-stand" title="Cruet-stand">Cruet-stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet_(scented_bag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachet (scented bag)">Sachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper_shakers" title="Salt and pepper shakers">Salt and pepper shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bottle" title="Squeeze bottle">Squeeze bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Desserts277" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Desserts" title="Template:Desserts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Desserts" title="Template talk:Desserts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Desserts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Desserts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Desserts277" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Desserts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cakes" title="List of cakes">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candies" title="List of candies">Candies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cookies" title="List of cookies">Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_custard_desserts" title="List of custard desserts">Custards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doughnut_varieties" title="List of doughnut varieties">Doughnuts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fruit preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="Frozen desserts">Frozen desserts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_frozen_dessert_brands" title="List of frozen dessert brands">brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Ice cream</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_cream_flavors" title="List of ice cream flavors">flavors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_cream_brands" title="List of ice cream brands">brands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">Pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pies,_tarts_and_flans" title="List of pies, tarts and flans">Pies, tarts and flans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_puddings" title="List of sweet puddings">Puddings</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various desserts"><img alt="Various desserts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg/128px-D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg/192px-D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg/256px-D%C3%A9lices_de_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="874" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sweets" title="Australian Aboriginal sweets">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_desserts" title="List of American desserts">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Argentine sweets and desserts">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bahraini_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bahraini desserts">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Bangladeshi sweets and desserts">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Brazilian sweets and desserts">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_desserts" title="List of British desserts">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_desserts" title="List of Chinese desserts">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Czech desserts">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_desserts" title="List of French desserts">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_desserts" title="List of German desserts">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian desserts">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek desserts">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Indian sweets and desserts">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_desserts" title="List of Indonesian desserts">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries" title="List of Italian desserts and pastries">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli desserts">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_desserts_and_sweets" title="List of Japanese desserts and sweets">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jamaican_desserts_and_sweets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Jamaican desserts and sweets">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_desserts" title="List of Korean desserts">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Pakistani sweets and desserts">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Portuguese desserts">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_desserts" title="List of Philippine desserts">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexican desserts">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moroccan_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Moroccan desserts">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_desserts" title="List of Norwegian desserts">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_desserts" title="List of Polish desserts">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_desserts" title="List of Russian desserts">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovenian_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Slovenian desserts">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_desserts" title="List of Spanish desserts">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_sweets_and_desserts" title="List of Sri Lankan sweets and desserts">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_desserts" title="List of Swedish desserts">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_desserts_and_snacks" title="List of Taiwanese desserts and snacks">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_desserts_and_snacks" title="List of Thai desserts and snacks">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venezuelan_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Venezuelan desserts">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_desserts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vietnamese desserts">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dessert_sauces" title="List of dessert sauces">Dessert sauces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Desserts" title="Category:Desserts">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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