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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions_of_the_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functions of the Parliament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functions_of_the_Parliament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functions of the Parliament subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functions_of_the_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legislative process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amendments_to_the_Constitution_and_to_constitutional_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amendments_to_the_Constitution_and_to_constitutional_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Amendments to the Constitution and to constitutional laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amendments_to_the_Constitution_and_to_constitutional_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reviewing_and_guiding_the_executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviewing_and_guiding_the_executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reviewing and guiding the executive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reviewing_and_guiding_the_executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inquests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inquests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Inquests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inquests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Joint sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prerogatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prerogatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prerogatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prerogatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prerogatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prerogatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autodichia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autodichia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Autodichia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autodichia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_immunity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_immunity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Parliamentary immunity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_immunity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constituencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Constituencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constituencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Election of the Senate of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Election of the Chamber of Deputies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_constituencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_constituencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Overseas constituencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_constituencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphical_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphical_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Graphical summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphical_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senate_of_the_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_of_the_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Senate of the Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_of_the_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamber_of_Deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chamber of Deputies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Parliament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="برلمان إيطاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentu_d%27Italia" title="Parllamentu d'Italia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentu d'Italia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0taliya_parlamenti" title="İtaliya parlamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İtaliya parlamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Парламент Італіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламент Італіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_itali%C3%A0" title="Parlament italià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parlament italià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiens_parlament" title="Italiens parlament – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Italiens parlament" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienisches_Parlament" title="Italienisches Parlament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italienisches Parlament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalia_parlament" title="Itaalia parlament – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Itaalia parlament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κοινοβούλιο της Ιταλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινοβούλιο της Ιταλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana" title="Parlamento de la República Italiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento de la República Italiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itala_Parlamento" title="Itala Parlamento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itala Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مجلس ایتالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_italienne" title="Parlement de la République italienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement de la République italienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_talian" title="Parlament talian – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Parlament talian" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="이탈리아 의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아 의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իտալիայի խորհրդարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտալիայի խորհրդարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen_Italia" title="Parlemen Italia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dtalska_%C3%BEingi%C3%B0" title="Ítalska þingið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ítalska þingið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_italiano" title="Parlamento italiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento italiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99" title="הפרלמנט האיטלקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרלמנט האיטלקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentum_Reipublicae_Italicae" title="Parlamentum Reipublicae Italicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Parlamentum Reipublicae Italicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_italian" title="Parlament italian – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Parlament italian" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olasz_parlament" title="Olasz parlament – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olasz parlament" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_tar-Repubblika_Taljana" title="Parlament tar-Repubblika Taljana – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Parlament tar-Repubblika Taljana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Parlement van Italië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlement van Italië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="イタリア議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリア議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italias_parlament" title="Italias parlament – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italias parlament" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_W%C5%82och" title="Parlament Włoch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament Włoch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Parlamento da Itália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento da Itália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentul_Republicii_Italiene" title="Parlamentul Republicii Italiene – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parlamentul Republicii Italiene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Парламент Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент Италии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Italian Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament_Italijanske_republike" title="Parlament Italijanske republike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parlament Italijanske republike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Парламент Републике Италије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парламент Републике Италије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_parlamentti" title="Italian parlamentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italian parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienska_parlamentet" title="Italienska parlamentet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienska parlamentet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="รัฐสภาอิตาลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภาอิตาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0talyan_Parlamentosu" title="İtalyan Parlamentosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtalyan Parlamentosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Italian Parliament</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname" lang="it"><i>Parlamento italiano</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_XIX_of_Italy" title="Legislature XIX of Italy">19th legislature</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_(Italia).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg/120px-Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg/180px-Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg/240px-Senato_della_Repubblica_LOGO_%28Italia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png/97px-Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png/145px-Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/Camera_dei_Deputati_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="186" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblems of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">Bicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President of the Senate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_La_Russa" title="Ignazio La Russa">Ignazio La Russa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a>) <br />since 13 October 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">President of the Chamber of Deputies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Fontana" title="Lorenzo Fontana">Lorenzo Fontana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a>) <br />since 14 October 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>605</b></li><li>205<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a>)</li><li>400 (<a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg/250px-Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg/375px-Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg/500px-Senate_of_the_Republic_current.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Meloni_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Meloni Cabinet">Government</a> (118)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#03386A; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a> (63)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Action_Party" title="Sardinian Action Party">PSd'Az</a> (29)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0087DC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a> (20)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2149a7; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Civics_of_Italy" title="Civics of Italy">CdI–NM–MAIE</a> (6)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (87)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a>–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_%E2%80%93_Democratic_and_Progressive_Italy" title="Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy">IDP</a> (37)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFEB3B; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">M5S</a> (26)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D6418C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">IV</a>–<a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">RE</a> (7)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8581; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/For_the_Autonomies" title="For the Autonomies">Aut.</a> (6)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Group" title="Mixed Group">Mixed</a> (11)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg/250px-Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg/375px-Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg/500px-Chamber_of_Deputies_current_composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Meloni_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Meloni Cabinet">Government</a> (243)</b> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#03386A; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a> (117)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a> (65)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0087DC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a> (48)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2149a7; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Us_Moderates" title="Us Moderates">NM</a>–<a href="/wiki/Associative_Movement_of_Italians_Abroad" title="Associative Movement of Italians Abroad">MAIE</a> (9)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Group" title="Mixed Group">Mixed</a> (4)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (157)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_%E2%80%93_Democratic_and_Progressive_Italy" title="Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy">PD–IDP</a> (70)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFEB3B; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">M5S</a> (50)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0039AA; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">Action</a> (10)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3457; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Greens_and_Left_Alliance" title="Greens and Left Alliance">AVS</a> (10)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D6418C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">IV</a> (7)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Group" title="Mixed Group">Mixed</a> (10)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_general_election" title="2022 Italian general election">25 September 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 2022</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Montecitorio" title="Palazzo Montecitorio">Palazzo Montecitorio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlamento.it">www<wbr />.parlamento<wbr />.it</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Italian Constitution</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_laws_of_Italy" title="Constitutional laws of Italy">Constitutional laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Head of state</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Meloni_government" title="Meloni government">Current Cabinet</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undersecretary_(Italy)" title="Undersecretary (Italy)">Undersecretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Italy" title="Ministry of the Republic of Italy">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="List of legislatures of the Italian Republic">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corte_d%27Assise" title="Corte d'Assise">Court of Assizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Code_of_Criminal_Procedure" title="Italian Code of Criminal Procedure">Code of Criminal Procedure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_constitutional_importance_(Italy)" title="Institutions of constitutional importance (Italy)">Constitutional institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Economics_and_Labour" title="National Council for Economics and Labour">National Council for Economics and Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Italy)" title="Council of State (Italy)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(Italy)" title="Court of Audit (Italy)">Court of Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_the_Judiciary_(Italy)" title="High Council of the Judiciary (Italy)">High Council of the Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_Defence_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Council of Defence (Italy)">High Council of Defence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Italy">Constituent entities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:3.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Aosta_Valley" title="Politics of Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Piedmont" title="Politics of Piedmont">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lombardy" title="Politics of Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Veneto" title="Politics of Veneto">Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Politics of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Politics of Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Emilia-Romagna" title="Politics of Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liguria" title="Politics of Liguria">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tuscany" title="Politics of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Umbria" title="Politics of Umbria">Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Marche" title="Politics of Marche">Marche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Molise" title="Politics of Molise">Molise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lazio" title="Politics of Lazio">Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abruzzo" title="Politics of Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Campania" title="Politics of Campania">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Apulia" title="Politics of Apulia">Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Basilicata" title="Politics of Basilicata">Basilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Calabria" title="Politics of Calabria">Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sicily" title="Politics of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sardinia" title="Politics of Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Italian_general_elections" title="Italian general elections">general elections</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_general_election" title="2006 Italian general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Italian_general_election" title="2008 Italian general election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_general_election" title="2013 Italian general election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Italian_general_election" title="2018 Italian general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_general_election" title="2022 Italian general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li>Recent <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Italy" title="Referendums in Italy">referendums</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2005_Italian_fertility_laws_referendum" title="2005 Italian fertility laws referendum">2005 <span style="font-size:85%;">(fertility law)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2006 Italian constitutional referendum">2006 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Italian_electoral_law_referendum" title="2009 Italian electoral law referendum">2009 <span style="font-size:85%;">(electoral law)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2011_Italian_referendums" title="2011 Italian referendums">2011 <span style="font-size:85%;">(multiple issues)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_oil_drilling_referendum" title="2016 Italian oil drilling referendum">April 2016 <span style="font-size:85%;">(oil drilling)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Italian constitutional referendum">December 2016 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">2020 <span style="font-size:85%;">(Constitution)</span></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_referendum" title="2022 Italian referendum">2022 <span style="font-size:85%;">(multiple issues)</span></a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies" title="List of Italian constituencies">Constituencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Technocratic_government_(Italy)" title="Technocratic government (Italy)">Technocratic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale"><i>Gazzetta Ufficiale</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(government journal)</span></a></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Italy" title="Template:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Italian Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Parlamento italiano</i>) is the national parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a>. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia">Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (1848–1861), the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy">Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861–1943), the transitional <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Italy)" title="National Council (Italy)">National Council</a> (1945–1946) and the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a> (1946–1948). It is a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members (<i>senatori a vita</i>). The Italian Parliament is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> (with 400 members or <i>deputati</i> elected on a national basis),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> (with 200 members or <i>senatori</i> elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">senators for life</a> or <i>senatori a vita</i>, either appointed by the President of the Republic or former Presidents themselves, <i>ex officio</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two Houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of Italy</a>. By the Constitution, the two houses of the Italian Parliament possess the same powers, unlike in most parliamentary systems. Perfect bicameralism has been codified in its current form since the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Statuto_Albertino" title="Statuto Albertino">Albertine Statute</a>, and resurged after the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">fascist dictatorship</a> of the 1920s and 1930s. No distinction is made between deputies and senators, notwithstanding that a member of parliament cannot be at the same time both a senator and a deputy; regarding presidents and vice-presidents, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_order_of_precedence" title="Italian order of precedence">precedence</a> is given to the older one.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_of_the_Parliament">Composition of the Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition of the Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of deputies and senators was fixed by a constitutional amendment in 1963: in its original text, the Constitution provided for a variable number of Members of Parliament depending on the population.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1963 to 2022, the Chamber of Deputies had 630 members, while the Senate had 315 elected members. Following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Italian_constitutional_referendum" title="2020 Italian constitutional referendum">2020 Italian constitutional referendum</a>, the number of MPs in the Parliament has been reduced from 630 to 400 in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a> and from 315 to 200 in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed changes were approved, with 69.96% voting in favour. The reduction of the number of MPs came to fruition with the following <a href="/wiki/Legislature_XIX_of_Italy" title="Legislature XIX of Italy">Legislature XIX of Italy</a>. </p><p>In addition to the 200 elected members, the Senate, as per article 59 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of the Italian Republic</a>, also comprises a small number of <a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">senators for life</a>. These can be differentiated into: </p> <ol><li>former Presidents of the Republic (<i>ex officio</i>, unless renouncing), and</li> <li>Italian citizens who are appointed senators for life by the President of the Republic (no more than five) "for outstanding merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">voting age</a> mandated for both houses is the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a>: any Italian citizen who is eighteen or older can vote. But the two houses have a different <a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">age of candidacy</a>: deputies are required to be twenty-five or older,<sup id="cite_ref-Article_56_of_the_Constitution_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_56_of_the_Constitution-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while elected senators must be forty or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_58_of_the_Constitution_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_58_of_the_Constitution-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No explicit age limit is required to be appointed senator for life (but Presidents of the Republic must be 50 or older).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions_of_the_Parliament">Functions of the Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functions of the Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main prerogative of Parliament is the exercise of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>, that is the power to enact laws. For a bill to become law, it must receive the support of both houses independently in the same text. A bill is first introduced in one of the houses, amended, and then approved or rejected: if approved, it is passed to the other house, which can amend it before approving or rejecting it. If approved without amendments, the bill is then <a href="/wiki/Promulgation#Italy" title="Promulgation">promulgated</a> by the President of the Republic and becomes law. If approved with amendments, it goes back to the other house. The process continues until the bill is approved in the same text by both houses (in which case it becomes law after promulgation) or is rejected by one house. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a>, which is led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">President of the Council of Ministers</a> and is the national executive of Italy, needs to have the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence</a> of both houses in order to exercise its power fully.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It must receive a vote of confidence by both houses before being officially in power, and Parliament can cast a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> at any moment, which forces the President of the Council of Ministers and his/her Cabinet to resign. The President of the Republic can dissolve one or both houses, and new elections are held if a new Prime Minister is unable to receive the support of both houses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_process">Legislative process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process by which the Italian Parliament makes ordinary laws, the <i>iter legis ordinario</i>, is as follows: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">proposal → inspection → review → approval (article by article and final) → promulgation → publication.</div> <p>Proposals can be made by the Government, individual Members of Parliament (who must present their proposal to the Chamber that they are a member of), private citizens (who must present a proposal in the form of a draft law, approved by 50,000 voters), individual <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Italy)" title="Regional council (Italy)">Regional Councils</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Economics_and_Labour" title="National Council for Economics and Labour">National Council for Economics and Labour</a> (CNEL). </p><p>Once a proposal is introduced in one of the two Houses, it is assigned to a parliamentary committee to carry out preliminary inspection of the proposal (taking advantage of advice of other committees, especially, the so-called "filter committees"). At this point, two different procedures can be taken. </p><p>In the "normal procedure", the committee holds a referral meeting, drafts a response and names a spokesperson to report this response, then leaves the responsibility for composing and approving the bill's text to the assembly. This must be completed in no more than four months for the Chamber of Deputies and two months for the Senate. Once the bill has come before one of the chambers, a general discussion takes place, followed by the review (with a vote) article by article, and finally a vote on the whole bill, which is normally an open ballot (secret ballots are possible for matters of individual conscience). If the bill passes the vote in one chamber then it passes to the other chamber of the parliament, where it must be voted through without any further changes. If the other chamber does make any modifications to the bill then the new version of the bill must be returned to the first chamber to approve these changes. If the bill repeats this process many times it is said to be "shuttling" or "<a href="/wiki/Dribbling" title="Dribbling">dribbling</a>." This procedure is obligatory for bills which concern constitutional and electoral matters, the delegation of legislative power, the authorisation of the ratification of <a href="/wiki/International_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="International treaties">international treaties</a>, the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">budget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all other cases, the "special procedure" (also called the "decentralised legislative procedure") can be employed. In this case, the committee holds a drafting meeting (leaving only the final approval of the bill to the parliament), or a deliberative/legislative meeting (in which case the entire legislative process is carried out by the committee and the bill is not voted on by parliament at all). This procedure can be vetoed by the vote of one tenth of the members of the Chamber in which the bill was originally proposed, by a vote of one fifth of the members of the committee, or by the decision of the Government. </p><p>There are special procedures for the passage of laws granting <a href="/wiki/Emergency_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency powers">emergency powers</a>, the annual law incorporating <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> law, annual financial laws (such as the budget), and the passage of laws under urgency.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the bill has been approved in the same form by both houses of Parliament, it is sent to the President of the Republic, who must promulgate it within one month or send it back to Parliament for renewed debate with a written justification. If after the renewed debate the bill is approved by Parliament again, the President of the Republic is constitutionally required to promulgate it. Once it has been promulgated, the law is published in the official gazette by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Justice (Italy)">Ministry of Justice</a> and enters into force after the <i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">vacatio legis</a></i> (15 days unless otherwise specified). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amendments_to_the_Constitution_and_to_constitutional_laws">Amendments to the Constitution and to constitutional laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amendments to the Constitution and to constitutional laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_laws_of_Italy" title="Constitutional laws of Italy">Constitutional laws of Italy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rigid_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigid Constitution">rigidity of the Constitution</a> is ensured by the special procedure required to amend it. With the same procedure, Parliament can adopt a constitutional law, which is a law with the same strength as the Constitution. This process is referred to as <i>iter legis aggravato</i>, that is, a strengthened legislative process <i>ad hoc</i> for the passing of a constitutional law. </p><p>Article 138 of the Constitution provides for the special procedure through which the Parliament can adopt constitutional laws (including laws to amend the Constitution), which is a variation of the ordinary legislative procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordinary procedure to adopt a law in Italy requires both Houses of Parliament to approve the bill in the same text, with a simple majority (i.e., the majority of votes cast). Constitutional laws start by following the same procedure; however, after having been approved for the first time, they need to be voted for by both Houses a second time, which can happen no sooner than three months after the first. In this second reading, no new amendments to the bill may be proposed: the bill must be either approved or rejected in its entirety. </p><p>The constitutional law needs to be approved by at least a majority of all MP's in each house (absolute majority) in its second reading. Depending on the results of this second vote, the constitutional law may then follow two different paths. </p> <ul><li>If the bill is approved by a qualified majority of two-thirds of members in each house, it can be immediately promulgated by the President of the Republic and becomes law.</li> <li>If the bill is approved by a majority of members in each house, but not enough to reach the qualified majority of two-thirds, it does not immediately become law. Instead, it must first be published in the <a href="/wiki/Gazzetta_Ufficiale" title="Gazzetta Ufficiale">Official Gazette</a> (the official journal where all Italian laws are published). Within three months after its publication, a constitutional <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> may be requested by either 500,000 voters, five regional councils, or one-fifth of the members of a house of parliament. If no constitutional referendum has been requested after the three months have elapsed, the bill can be promulgated and becomes law. If a referendum is held, the constitutional law will be confirmed and promulgated only provided a simple majority of the "Yes"'s is achieved (no structural <i>quorum</i> is needed); however, should there be more "No"'s than "Yes"'s, then the law will not be confirmed, and will consequently be abolished without entering into force at all.</li></ul> <p>Article 139 of the Constitution holds the "form of Republic" above amendment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reviewing_and_guiding_the_executive">Reviewing and guiding the executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reviewing and guiding the executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to its legislative functions, Parliament also reviews the actions of Government and provides it with political direction. </p><p>Parliament exercises its review function by means of questions and inquests. Questions consist of a written question directed to the Government, asking whether a certain claim is true, whether the Government is aware of it, and whether the Government is taking any action about it. The response can be given by the relevant Government minister, by the chairperson of the relevant ministry, or by an undersecretary. It may be given in writing or delivered to the parliament orally. The member who asked the question can respond to say whether or not the answer is satisfactory. In injunctions, a fact is noted with a request for the reasons for the conduct of the Government and its future intentions. The process is done by writing. If the member who filed the injunction is not satisfied with the response, they can present a motion to hold a debate in the Parliament. </p><p>The provision of political direction embodies the relationship of trust which is meant to exist between Parliament and the Government. It takes the form of confidence votes and votes of no confidence. These can be held concerning the entire Government or an individual minister. Other means of providing political direction include motions, resolutions, and day-orders giving instruction to the Government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inquests">Inquests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inquests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Italiana#Art._82" class="extiw" title="s:Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana">Article 82 of the Constitution</a>, "each chamber can undertake inquests into matters of public interest. For this purpose, they should appoint a committee formed so that it conforms to the proportions of the various parliamentary groups." In order to fulfill its function as the ordinary organ through which <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a> is exercised, Parliament can employ the same investigative and coercive instruments as the judiciary in these inquests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_sessions">Joint sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Joint sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg/260px-Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg/390px-Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg/520px-Camera_dei_deputati_Aula_Palazzo_Montecitorio_Roma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>The Italian parliament in joint session for the inauguration of President <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a> (3 February 2022)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Parliament meets and votes in joint session (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Parlamento in seduta comune</i>) for a set of functions explicitly established by the Constitution. Article 55.2 specifies that these functions are entrenched and cannot be altered. </p><p>Joint sessions take place in the building of the Chamber of Deputies at <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Montecitorio" title="Palazzo Montecitorio">Palazzo Montecitorio</a> and are presided over by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="President of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> <i>ex officio</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, the drafters of the Constitution intended to establish an equilibrium with the power of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="President of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)">President of the Senate</a> to exercise the functions of the President of the Republic when the latter is indisposed. </p><p>Joint sessions take place for the following matters explicitly established by the Constitution:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>to elect the President of the Republic (in this case, 58 regional delegates are added to the assembly). For the first three votes, a two-thirds majority is required to elect the president. If these fail, subsequent votes only require a simple majority.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to receive the President of the Republic's <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a> on election.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to vote on the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> of the President of the Republic<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (more than an actual impeachment, it is an accusation of <i>"high treason or attack to the Constitution"</i>; this has never happened). This only requires a simple majority.</li> <li>to elect one third of the elected members of the <a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_the_Judiciary_(Italy)" title="High Council of the Judiciary (Italy)">High Council of the Judiciary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first two votes, election requires a three-fifths majority of the delegates; subsequent votes require a three-fifths majority of voting members (i.e. excluding abstentions).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to elect five of the fifteen judges of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Italy" title="Constitutional Court of Italy">Constitutional Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_135_of_the_Constitution_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_135_of_the_Constitution-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first three votes require a two-thirds majority; subsequent votes require only a three-fifths majority.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to vote on the list of 45 citizens from which sixteen lay members of the Constitutional Court are to be drawn in case of impeachment against the President of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-Article_135_of_the_Constitution_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_135_of_the_Constitution-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same voting system is used as for the election of the judges of the Constitutional Court.</li></ul> <p>There is debate among legal scholars about whether the Parliament in joint session can make its own standing orders. Most scholars think it can, by analogy with the regulation of the Senate in article 65, which explicitly foresees such action.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prerogatives">Prerogatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prerogatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chambers of the Italian Parliament enjoy special prerogatives to guarantee their autonomy with respect to other parts of Government: </p> <ul><li>Regulatory autonomy: the chambers regulate and approve the regulations which govern their internal affairs autonomously.</li> <li>Financial autonomy: the chambers decide autonomously the amount of resources they require for carrying out their functions. The <a href="/wiki/Corte_dei_Conti" class="mw-redirect" title="Corte dei Conti">Court of Audit</a> has no jurisdiction over this.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Administrative autonomy: Each chamber is in charge of the organisation of its own administrative facilities and the employment of its own officials (exclusively through a national public competition).</li> <li>Inviolability of the site: law enforcement officials can enter the parliament buildings only with the permission of the members of the respective chambers and they cannot be armed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autodichia">Autodichia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Autodichia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some matters (e.g. employment disputes) the Italian Parliament acts as its own judicial <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> (without using external courts), which is referred to as "<i>autodichia</i>" (self-judging).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order no. 137 of 2015 of the Italian Constitutional Court,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which agreed to rehear the appeal in the Lorenzoni case,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been dismissed the year before, it was stated that <i>autodichia</i> might be found in violation of the independence of the judiciary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_immunity">Parliamentary immunity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parliamentary immunity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The constitution defines "Parliamentary status" in articles <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Italiana#Art._66" class="extiw" title="s:Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana">66</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Italiana#Art._67" class="extiw" title="s:Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana">67</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Italiana#Art._68" class="extiw" title="s:Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana">68</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Costituzione_della_Repubblica_Italiana#Art._69" class="extiw" title="s:Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana">69</a>. </p><p>Article 67 ("Prohibition on <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mandate" title="Imperative mandate">imperative mandate</a>) states that "every member of parliament represents the nation and performs their functions without limitation by a mandate." The members are considered to receive a general mandate from the whole electorate, which cannot be revoked by the initiative of the individual electoral district which elected them, nor by their political party. This general mandate is not subject to judicial review, only political review through constitutionally defined methods (mainly elections and referendums). </p><p>Article 68 lays down the principles of immunity (<i>insindacabilità</i>) and inviolability (<i>inviolabilità</i>), stating that "the members of parliament cannot be called to account for the opinions they express or the votes that they cast in the exercise of their functions" and that "without the permission of the chamber to which they belong, no member of parliament can be subjected to a body search or a search of their home, nor can they be arrested or otherwise stripped of their personal freedom, or imprisoned, except in the execution of a final court judgement or if caught in the act of a crime for which it is compulsory to arrest someone caught in the act. An analogous standard is required in order to put members of parliament under any form of surveillance." Neither immunity nor inviolability are prerogatives of individual parliamentarians; they are intended to protect the free exercise of Parliament's functions against judicial interference, which occurred in earlier regimes when the judiciary was under Government control and was not autonomous. There is controversy with respect to the principle of immunity about what statements are expressed in the member's parliamentary role and the Constitutional Court distinguishes between political activities and parliamentary activities, and even with respect to the latter, distinguishes between activities which are immune and activities which are not immune because they contradict other constitutional principles and rights. The principle of inviolability results from Constitutional Law #3 of 1993, which revoked the earlier system of "authorisation to proceed" (<i>autorizzazione a procedere</i>) for convictions in cases with defined sentences. </p><p>Finally, article 69 states that "members of parliament receive compensation set down by the law," thereby affirming that parliamentarians must receive compensation and cannot renounce that compensation. This reverses the principle laid down in the Albertine Statute, which was the opposite, and is linked to the principle of equality (article 3) and the prohibition on imperative mandate (article 67). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Italian_general_elections" title="Italian general elections">Italian general elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Electoral_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Electoral Law">Italian Electoral Law</a></div> <p>The national elections for the renewal of members of the Senate of the Republic and Chamber of Deputies are regulated by Law n. 165 of 3 November 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It introduces a mixed electoral system in the form of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">parallel voting</a> (mixed-member majoritarian), with about one-third (37%) of the seats allocated using a majoritarian system (single-member districts; <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a>), and the remaining about two-thirds (63%) of the seats allocated using a proportional system (multi-member districts; <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>), with one round of voting. This electoral law is colloquially known as the <i><b>Rosatellum bis</b></i>, or simply <i><b>Rosatellum</b></i>, after <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Rosato" title="Ettore Rosato">Ettore Rosato</a>, member of the Chamber of Deputies for <a href="/wiki/Italia_Viva" title="Italia Viva">Italia Viva</a>, first signatory of the law upon proposal of the bill to Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constituencies">Constituencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Constituencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies" title="List of Italian constituencies">List of Italian constituencies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic">Election of the Senate of the Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Election of the Senate of the Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_senators.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Italian_senators.png/220px-Italian_senators.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Italian_senators.png/330px-Italian_senators.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Italian_senators.png/440px-Italian_senators.png 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Number of senators assigned to each Region before 2020.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Senate comprises 200 members elected by universal suffrage and by citizens who are 18 or older. Out of the total number, according to the <i><b>Rosatellum bis</b></i>: </p> <ul><li>74 are directly elected in single-member districts;</li> <li>126 are elected by proportional representation on a regional basis (of whom 4 are elected in overseas constituencies).</li></ul> <p>In addition to the elected members, the Senate, as per article 59 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution of the Italian Republic</a>, also comprises senators for life as discussed above. </p><p>The Senate is elected on a single ballot. The ballot includes all candidates for a given single-member district (majoritarian component). For each candidate, the parties and party-lists that supported him/her are also listed, which is used to determine the proportional seats. These latter seats are allocated within each single regional constituency. A 3% minimum threshold for single party-lists is required for the proportional component (or 10% if within a coalition, so long at least one party within the coalition reached the required 3% threshold), and is calculated nationally. Notwithstanding this, a different threshold is needed for lists representing linguistic minorities, which is 20% and is calculated on a regional basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies">Election of the Chamber of Deputies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Election of the Chamber of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chamber comprises 400 members elected by universal suffrage and by citizens who are 18 or older. Out of the total number, according to the <i><b>Rosatellum bis</b>,</i> </p> <ul><li>147 are directly elected in single-member districts.</li> <li>253 are elected by proportional representation on a national basis (of whom 8 are elected in overseas constituencies).</li></ul> <p>As the Senate of the Republic, the Chamber of Deputies is elected on a single ballot, as indicated above for the Senate of the Republic. The only difference is that the proportional component is calculated based on the national average of the vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_constituencies"><span class="anchor" id="overseas_constituency"></span>Overseas constituencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Overseas constituencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Overseas_constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas constituencies of the Parliament of Italy">Overseas constituencies of the Parliament of Italy</a></div> <p>The Italian Parliament is one of the few legislatures in the world to reserve seats for those <a href="/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">citizens residing abroad</a>. There are 8 such seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 4 in the Senate of the Republic,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in accordance with Law n. 459 of 27 December 2001 (as amending articles 48, 56, and 57 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic), also known as Legge <a href="/wiki/Mirko_Tremaglia" title="Mirko Tremaglia">Tremaglia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphical_summary">Graphical summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Graphical summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <caption><span class="nowrap">Distribution of seats in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Italy">Senate of the Republic</a></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><b>Chamber of Deputies</b> </td> <td colspan="4" align="center"><b>Senate of the Republic</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><div><div><div class="centered diagram noprint" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:200px;height:100px;padding:13.333333333333px;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;overflow:hidden;background:#f8f9fa;text-align:center"><div style="transform:rotate(0deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#E89600"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-56.925deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">147</div><div style="transform:rotate(66.15deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#59B1AA"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-34.875deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">245</div><div style="transform:rotate(110.25deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#D64757"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-88.2deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">8</div></div></div></div><div style="width:75px;height:75px;margin:-37.5px auto;border-radius:37.5px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#f8f9fa"></div><div style="width:201px;height:75px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#f8f9fa"></div></div></div></div> </td> <td colspan="4" align="center"><div><div><div class="centered diagram noprint" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:200px;height:100px;padding:13.333333333333px;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;overflow:hidden;background:#f8f9fa;text-align:center"><div style="transform:rotate(0deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#E89600"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-56.7deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">74</div><div style="transform:rotate(66.6deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#59B1AA"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-35.1deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">122</div><div style="transform:rotate(109.8deg);width:200px;height:100px;position:relative;transform-origin:bottom center;border-top-left-radius:100px;border-top-right-radius:100px;background:#D64757"><div style="text-align:center;width:200px;height:100px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-88.2deg);transform-origin:bottom center;top:-15px;line-height:15px;padding-bottom:15px">4</div></div></div></div><div style="width:75px;height:75px;margin:-37.5px auto;border-radius:37.5px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#f8f9fa"></div><div style="width:201px;height:75px;transform:translate(0,0);background:#f8f9fa"></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="left">Method </th> <th align="left">Seats </th> <th align="left">Percentage </th> <th colspan="2" align="left">Method </th> <th align="left">Seats </th> <th align="left">Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E89600"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">First-past-the-post</a> </td> <td>147 </td> <td>37% </td> <td bgcolor="#E89600"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">First-past-the-post</a> </td> <td>74 </td> <td>37% </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#59B1AA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional representation</a> </td> <td>245 </td> <td>61% </td> <td bgcolor="#59B1AA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional representation</a> </td> <td>122 </td> <td>61% </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#D64757"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_constituencies_of_the_Italian_Parliament" title="Overseas constituencies of the Italian Parliament">Overseas constituencies</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2% </td> <td bgcolor="#D64757"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_constituencies_of_the_Italian_Parliament" title="Overseas constituencies of the Italian Parliament">Overseas constituencies</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_of_the_Republic">Senate of the Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Senate of the Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Italian_senators" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Italian senators">List of current Italian senators</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Madama_(Roma).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Madama_%28Roma%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7444" data-file-height="4896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Senate">Senate of the Republic</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The current membership of the Senate of the Republic, following <a href="/wiki/2022_Italian_general_election" title="2022 Italian general election">the latest general election</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1">Coalition </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1">Party </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Seats </th> <th style="text-align:center;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-right coalition (Italy)">Centre-right coalition</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#03386A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a> </td> <td>66 </td> <td>32.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008000"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lega_per_Salvini_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lega per Salvini Premier">League</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>15.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0087DC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">Forza Italia</a> </td> <td>17 </td> <td>9.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#2149a7"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Us_Moderates" title="Us Moderates">Us Moderates</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total seats</b> </td> <td><b>114</b> </td> <td><b>57.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#EF3E3E"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-left coalition (Italy)">Centre-left coalition</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EF1C27"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_-_Democratic_and_Progressive_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party - Democratic and Progressive Italy">Democratic Party-IDP</a> </td> <td>40 </td> <td>20.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3457"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greens_and_Left_Alliance" title="Greens and Left Alliance">Greens and Left Alliance</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total seats</b> </td> <td><b>44</b> </td> <td><b>22.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFEB3B;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a> </td> <td><b>28</b> </td> <td><b>14.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0039AA;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Action_-_Italia_Viva" class="mw-redirect" title="Action - Italia Viva">Action - Italia Viva</a> </td> <td><b>9</b> </td> <td><b>4.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#231F20;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">South Tyrolean People's Party</a> </td> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><b>1.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F2AB14"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Calls_North" class="mw-redirect" title="South Calls North">South Calls North</a> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>0.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#333B8E"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Associative_Movement_of_Italians_Abroad" title="Associative Movement of Italians Abroad">Associative Movement of Italians Abroad</a> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>0.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>200</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chamber_of_Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chamber of Deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Italian_Chamber_of_Deputies,_2018%E2%80%93" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, 2018–">List of members of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, 2018–</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Montecitorio_-_esterno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4866" data-file-height="5337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Montecitorio" title="Palazzo Montecitorio">Palazzo Montecitorio</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The current membership of the Chamber of Deputies, following <a href="/wiki/Italian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian general election, 2018">the latest general election</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1">Coalition </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1">Party </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Seats </th> <th style="text-align:center;">% </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#0A6BE1"> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-right coalition (Italy)">Centre-right coalition</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#03386A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a> </td> <td>119 </td> <td>29.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008000"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lega_per_Salvini_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lega per Salvini Premier">League</a> </td> <td>66 </td> <td>16.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0087DC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">Forza Italia</a> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>11.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#2149a7"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Us_Moderates" title="Us Moderates">Us Moderates</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total seats</b> </td> <td><b>237</b> </td> <td><b>59.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" bgcolor="#EF3E3E"> </td> <td rowspan="6" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_coalition_(Italy)" title="Centre-left coalition (Italy)">Centre-left coalition</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#EF1C27"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_-_Democratic_and_Progressive_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party - Democratic and Progressive Italy">Democratic Party-IDP</a> </td> <td>57 </td> <td>14.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3457"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greens_and_Left_Alliance" title="Greens and Left Alliance">Greens and Left Alliance</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="gold"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">More Europe</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#1E889D"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Commitment" title="Civic Commitment">Civic Commitment</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#48D1CC"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley_(political_coalition)" title="Aosta Valley (political coalition)">Aosta Valley</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total seats</b> </td> <td><b>68</b> </td> <td><b>17.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFEB3B;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a> </td> <td><b>52</b> </td> <td><b>13.0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0039AA;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Action_-_Italia_Viva" class="mw-redirect" title="Action - Italia Viva">Action - Italia Viva</a> </td> <td><b>21</b> </td> <td><b>5.2</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#231F20;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">South Tyrolean People's Party</a> </td> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><b>0.7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F2AB14"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Calls_North" class="mw-redirect" title="South Calls North">South Calls North</a> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>0.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#333B8E"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Associative_Movement_of_Italians_Abroad" title="Associative Movement of Italians Abroad">Associative Movement of Italians Abroad</a> </td> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>0.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>400</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Italian Parliament (1928–1939)">Italian Parliament (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#03386A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E5007D; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Coraggio_Italia" title="Coraggio Italia">CI</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87CEFA; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UdC</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#333B8E; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Associative_Movement_of_Italians_Abroad" title="Associative Movement of Italians Abroad">MAIE</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#231F20; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">SVP</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Senators for life</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luigi_Spagnolli" title="Luigi Spagnolli">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#96BF0D; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Campobase" title="Campobase">Campobase</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF3E3E; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Left" title="Italian Left">SI</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#54C160; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">EV</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> Ind. (<a href="/wiki/Ilaria_Cucchi" title="Ilaria Cucchi">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0039AA; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Action_(Italian_political_party)" title="Action (Italian political party)">Action</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3457; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Greens_and_Left_Alliance" title="Greens and Left Alliance">AVS</a> (4)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Senators for life</a> (3)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#03386A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a> (116)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ADD8E6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_with_Rotondi" title="Christian Democracy with Rotondi">DCR</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Rotondi" title="Gianfranco Rotondi">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0087DC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a> (46)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#043383; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Ahead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Ahead (page does not exist)">SiT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andrea_Caroppo_(politician)" title="Andrea Caroppo (politician)">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Salmon; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Italian_Socialist_Party" title="New Italian Socialist Party">NPSI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Battilocchio" title="Alessandro Battilocchio">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00519E; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cantiere_Popolare" title="Cantiere Popolare">CP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Romano" title="Francesco Saverio Romano">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E58321; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cambiamo!" title="Cambiamo!">C!</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilaria_Cavo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilaria Cavo (page does not exist)">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0045AA; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Action" title="Identity and Action">IDeA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Bicchielli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Bicchielli (page does not exist)">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#236186; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Us_with_Italy" title="Us with Italy">NcI</a> (3)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E58321; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Centre" title="Italy in the Centre">IaC</a> (2)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E5007D; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Coraggio_Italia" title="Coraggio Italia">CI</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#333B8E; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Associative_Movement_of_Italians_Abroad" title="Associative Movement of Italians Abroad">MAIE</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5CB3FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">FI</a>–<a href="/wiki/Animalist_Movement" title="Animalist Movement">MA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michela_Vittoria_Brambilla" title="Michela Vittoria Brambilla">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#03386A; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">FdI</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a> (1)</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87CEFA; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UdC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Cesa" title="Lorenzo Cesa">1</a>)</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:{{#7DF9FF|Popular Centre}}; color:;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Centre (page does not exist)">PC</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <i>N-I (1)</i></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a> (68)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E86055; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Centre_(Italy)" title="Democratic Centre (Italy)">CD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bruno_Tabacci" title="Bruno Tabacci">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#449192; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Solidary_Democracy" title="Solidary Democracy">DemoS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ciani" title="Paolo Ciani">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#54C160; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">EV</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF3E3E; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Left" title="Italian Left">SI</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE1522; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Progressives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardinian Progressives">PP</a> (1)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#231F20; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrolean_People%27s_Party" title="South Tyrolean People's Party">SVP</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5EABD1; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Valdostan_Union" title="Valdostan Union">UV</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Manes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Manes (page does not exist)">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF1C27; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luca_Pastorino" title="Luca Pastorino">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">RI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Magi" title="Riccardo Magi">1</a>)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F2AB14; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_calls_North" title="South calls North">ScN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francesco_Gallo" title="Francesco Gallo">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> (2)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#231F20; color:white;"> </span> <i>Linguistic minorities (4)</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;"> </span> <i><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">+E</a> (3)</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <i>N-I (3)</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(200 elected + 5 <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">senators for life</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 56 of the Italian Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/normativa/dpcm_20060414_precedenze.pdf">DISPOSIZIONI GENERALI IN MATERIA DI CERIMONIALE E DISCIPLINA DELLE PRECEDENZE TRA LE CARICHE PUBBLICHE.</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitutional Law n.2 of 9 February 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2020/01/27/news/referendum_sul_taglio_dei_parlamentari_si_terra_il_29_marzo-246935604/">"Il referendum sul taglio dei parlamentari si terrà il 29 marzo"</a>. <i>la Repubblica</i> (in Italian). 27 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Il+referendum+sul+taglio+dei+parlamentari+si+terr%C3%A0+il+29+marzo&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2Fpolitica%2F2020%2F01%2F27%2Fnews%2Freferendum_sul_taglio_dei_parlamentari_si_terra_il_29_marzo-246935604%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 59 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_56_of_the_Constitution-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Article_56_of_the_Constitution_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 56 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_58_of_the_Constitution-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Article_58_of_the_Constitution_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 58 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 84 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Against the mingling of confidence vote and legislative process see <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> D. Argondizzo and G. Buonomo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89210301"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Spigolature intorno all’attuale bicameralismo e proposte per quello futuro</i></span>, in Mondoperaio online, 2 aprile 2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801002834/http://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89210301">Archived</a> 1 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 72 of the Constitution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">((<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/2462641/Esame_parlamentare_dei_documenti_finanziari_in_sessione_di_bilancio">https://www.academia.edu/2462641/Esame_parlamentare_dei_documenti_finanziari_in_sessione_di_bilancio</a>))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bin, Roverto and Pitruzella, Giovanni (2008), <i>Diritto costituzionale</i>, G. Giappichelli Editore, Turin, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 63 of the Constitution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 55 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 83 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 91 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 90 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 104 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law of 24 March 1958, article 22, n. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_135_of_the_Constitution-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Article_135_of_the_Constitution_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Article_135_of_the_Constitution_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 135 of the Constitution.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitutional Law of 22 November 1967, article 3, n. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Paolo Caretti e Ugo De Siervo, Istituzioni di diritto pubblico, Torino, Giappichelli Editore, pag. 239.</i> In the same chapter, the authors stress that the convention which drafted the constitution considered giving more powers to the joint sessions, but this was rejected in the hope of maintaining the bicameral system.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judgement. no. 129/1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the European Court of Human rights, in Italy "«autodichia», c'est-à-dire l'autonomie normative du Parlement" (judgement 28 April 2009, Savino and others v. Italy).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/07/07/consulta-ammissibile-il-conflitto-di-attribuzione-tra-poteri-dello-stato/1853996/">"Consulta: "Ammissibile il conflitto di attribuzione tra poteri dello Stato" – Il Fatto Quotidiano"</a>. 7 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consulta%3A+%22Ammissibile+il+conflitto+di+attribuzione+tra+poteri+dello+Stato%22+%E2%80%93+Il+Fatto+Quotidiano&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilfattoquotidiano.it%2F2015%2F07%2F07%2Fconsulta-ammissibile-il-conflitto-di-attribuzione-tra-poteri-dello-stato%2F1853996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Giampiero Buonomo, Lo scudo di cartone, 2015, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubbettino_Editore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubbettino Editore (page does not exist)">Rubbettino Editore</a>, p. 224 (§ 5.5: La sentenza Lorenzoni), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788849844405" title="Special:BookSources/9788849844405">9788849844405</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/11/11/17G00175/sg">"Gazzetta Ufficiale"</a>. <i>gazzettaufficiale.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gazzettaufficiale.it&rft.atitle=Gazzetta+Ufficiale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzettaufficiale.it%2Feli%2Fid%2F2017%2F11%2F11%2F17G00175%2Fsg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interno.gov.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/sala_stampa/speciali/politiche_2006/scheda_21935.html">"Presentazione delle candidature per la circoscrizione estero"</a> [Submission of nominations for the constituency abroad]. Ministry of the Interior of Italy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presentazione+delle+candidature+per+la+circoscrizione+estero&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior+of+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interno.gov.it%2Fmininterno%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fit%2Fsezioni%2Fsala_stampa%2Fspeciali%2Fpolitiche_2006%2Fscheda_21935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1995" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Mark (1995). <i>The Italian Revolution: The End of Politics, Italian Style?</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Revolution%3A+The+End+of+Politics%2C+Italian+Style%3F&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoffStephen_P._Koff2000" class="citation book cs1">Koff, Sondra; Stephen P. Koff (2000). <i>Italy: From the First to the Second Republic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy%3A+From+the+First+to+the+Second+Republic&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Koff&rft.aufirst=Sondra&rft.au=Stephen+P.+Koff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasquino1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Pasquino" title="Gianfranco Pasquino">Pasquino, Gianfranco</a> (1995). "Die Reform eines Wahlrechtssystems: Der Fall Italien". <i>Politische Institutionen im Wandel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Reform+eines+Wahlrechtssystems%3A+Der+Fall+Italien&rft.btitle=Politische+Institutionen+im+Wandel&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pasquino&rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AItalian+Parliament" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy" title="Economy of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Template talk:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_bicameral_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National bicameral legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_bicameral_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" title="National Congress of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Egypt" title="Parliament of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Union" title="Congress of the Union">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nigeria)" title="National Assembly (Nigeria)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(South_Sudan)" title="National Legislature (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legislature_(Sudan)" title="National Legislature (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Algeria" title="Parliament of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bahrain)" title="National Assembly (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Barbados" title="Parliament of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bhutan" title="Parliament of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Burundi" title="Parliament of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cameroon" title="Parliament of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Parliament of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Gabon" title="Parliament of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Grenada" title="Parliament of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Parliament of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jordan" title="Parliament of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya" title="Parliament of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lesotho" title="Parliament of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Madagascar" title="Parliament of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Morocco" title="Parliament of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyidaungsu_Hluttaw" title="Pyidaungsu Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Namibia" title="Parliament of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Oman" title="Council of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_National_Congress" title="Palau National Congress">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rwanda" title="Parliament of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Parliament of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Assembly_(Tajikistan)" title="Supreme Assembly (Tajikistan)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Thailand)" title="National Assembly (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Turkmenistan" title="National Council of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Uruguay" title="General Assembly of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliy_Majlis" title="Oliy Majlis">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Zimbabwe" title="Parliament of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Venezuela" title="Congress of Venezuela">Venezuela (1811-1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Congress" title="Confederate States Congress">Confederate States (1862–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">(1969–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu#Division" title="Riigikogu">Estonia (1938–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Serbia#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Serbia">Serbia (1901–1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union (1938–1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Texas (1836–1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Yugoslavia" title="Assembly of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro">FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_unicameral_legislatures" title="Template:National unicameral legislatures">National unicameral legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_lower_houses" title="Template:National lower houses">National lower houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses">National upper houses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliaments in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_legislatures_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National legislatures in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_(Andorra)" title="General Council (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Parliament" title="Austrian Parliament">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament" title="Belgian Federal Parliament">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Cyprus)" title="House of Representatives (Cyprus)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Parliament of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Hungary)" title="National Assembly (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeima" title="Saeima">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Luxembourg)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malta" title="Parliament of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova" title="Parliament of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Russia)" title="Federal Assembly (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_and_General_Council" title="Grand and General Council">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Parliament" title="Slovenian Parliament">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Ossetia" title="Parliament of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Transnistria)" title="Supreme Council (Transnistria)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_%C3%85land" title="Parliament of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Guernsey" title="States of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117578#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417587821">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128498538">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043899">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Itálie, Parlamento"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20121025002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263377005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522691006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026389932">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&oldid=1253428118">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Parliament&oldid=1253428118</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Italian_Parliament" title="Category:Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parliaments_by_country" title="Category:Parliaments by country">Parliaments by country</a></li><li><a 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