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We describe reforms of several welfare state programs such as unemployment, disability and social assistance benefit schemes. The Dutch welfare state is still a relatively extensive one, spending 45 percent of its budget on social policies. Above all, social policies are increasingly aimed at activation. Notwithstanding the positive effects of activation measures on the reintegration of disabled employees and social assistance recipients, we express some concerns regarding the safeguarding of rights to an adequate income.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8294186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87cfddfeb0943e8266493701efc2d4a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34705325,"asset_id":8294186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34705325/download_file?st=MTczMjg0MTYzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4980339" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/anjaeleveld">anja eleveld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4980339" type="text/json">{"id":4980339,"first_name":"anja","last_name":"eleveld","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"anjaeleveld","display_name":"anja eleveld","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/anjaeleveld","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4980339/7093621/35935336/s65_anja.eleveld.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-8294186">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-8294186"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet">Olaf Van Vliet</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-8294186'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-8294186').html(); 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Moreover, labour market institutions and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14646068" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In many European and other Western countries, labour markets will continue to be reformed in order to accommodate further adjustments to economic, demographic and socio-ecological developments. Moreover, labour market institutions and other aspects of labour markets receive a lot of attention in EU policy debates because they are regarded as key factors of innovation and economic growth. Indeed, our estimates indicate that generous unemployment benefit systems and stringent employment protection legislation lead to lower innovation intensity. These results suggest that high firing costs discourages investment in innovative activities. Interestingly, our case studies reveal that in Central and Eastern European countries institutions such as employment protection legislation and unemployment benefits appeared relatively unimportant to attracting large-scale inward investors. Instead, the lower wage level than in Western Europe appears to be a key factor, alongside the availability of ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14646068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3655e5e0ffd95e326b4bbf82caee9de6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41167483,"asset_id":14646068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41167483/download_file?st=MTczMjg0MTYzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597622" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet">Olaf Van Vliet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597622" type="text/json">{"id":33597622,"first_name":"Olaf Van","last_name":"Vliet","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"OlafVanVliet","display_name":"Olaf Van Vliet","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14646068">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14646068"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeesGoudswaard">Kees Goudswaard</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14646068'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14646068').html(); 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14646069/Patterns_of_welfare_state_indicators_in_the_EU_Is_there_convergence">Patterns of welfare state indicators in the EU: Is there convergence?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Convergence of social protection objectives and policies in member states is an explicit objective of the EU. Earlier research has shown that there has indeed been a tendency of convergence of social protection levels over the last... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14646069" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Convergence of social protection objectives and policies in member states is an explicit objective of the EU. Earlier research has shown that there has indeed been a tendency of convergence of social protection levels over the last decades. However, comparative studies of welfare states frequently use indicators which may not be representative as measures of the level or generosity of</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14646069" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90c380b3f6c588d4591abe738a2a2100" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38377786,"asset_id":14646069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38377786/download_file?st=MTczMjg0MTYzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597622" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet">Olaf Van Vliet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597622" type="text/json">{"id":33597622,"first_name":"Olaf Van","last_name":"Vliet","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"OlafVanVliet","display_name":"Olaf Van Vliet","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14646069">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14646069"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/EconomieEconomie">Economie Economie</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CCaminada">C. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/20694263/Convergence_and_Europeanisation_The_Political_Economy_of_Social_and_Labour_Market_Policies">Convergence and Europeanisation: The Political Economy of Social and Labour Market Policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">... Vel, Laurens Bakker and his wife Judith Zuidgeest, Saldi Isra, Sandra Moniaga and her husband Martua Sirait, Tristam Moeliono and ... for sharing their knowledge, experience, and intellect; Jan van Olden for his remarkable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20694263" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20694279/Assessing_the_potentials_and_pitfalls_of_multi_value_QCA_1">Assessing the potentials and pitfalls of multi-value QCA 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper assesses the strengths and shortcomings of multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), a comparative technique for small to medium size datasets that has been integrated in the TOSMANA software developed by Lasse... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20694279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper assesses the strengths and shortcomings of multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), a comparative technique for small to medium size datasets that has been integrated in the TOSMANA software developed by Lasse Cronqvist. Its main difference with Charles Raginscrisp-setQCA (csQCA), which only allows for conditions with 0 or 1 values, is that the dataset can also contain causal conditions with three or more categories. MvQCA thus avoids relatively crude dichotomization and arguably better captures the richness of information of the raw data. Unlikefuzzy-setQCA (fsQCA), developed by Ragin to go beyond the classic dichotomous approach, mvQCA is still based on dichotomous outcomes and applies Boolean minimization principles in a similar way to csQCA. Its major advantage, according to its proponents, is that it deals better with the classic QCA problem of contradictory configurations where cases with the same explanatory characteristics display different outcomes a...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20694279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b76c50c61c21b077587e6c2a9c74b3f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41509591,"asset_id":20694279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41509591/download_file?st=MTczMjg0MTYzOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33597622" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet">Olaf Van Vliet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33597622" type="text/json">{"id":33597622,"first_name":"Olaf Van","last_name":"Vliet","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"OlafVanVliet","display_name":"Olaf Van Vliet","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/OlafVanVliet","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20694279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20694279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20694279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20694279", }); 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