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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Banteng" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Banteng" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Banteng" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Banteng" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taksonomi_dan_asal-usul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taksonomi_dan_asal-usul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taksonomi dan asal-usul</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taksonomi_dan_asal-usul-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Taksonomi dan asal-usul</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taksonomi_dan_asal-usul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subspesies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspesies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Subspesies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspesies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciri-ciri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciri-ciri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ciri-ciri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciri-ciri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingkungan_dan_perilaku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingkungan_dan_perilaku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lingkungan dan perilaku</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lingkungan_dan_perilaku-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Lingkungan dan perilaku</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lingkungan_dan_perilaku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Makanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduksi_dan_daur_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduksi_dan_daur_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Reproduksi dan daur hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduksi_dan_daur_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyakit_dan_parasit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyakit_dan_parasit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Penyakit dan parasit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyakit_dan_parasit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_dan_distribusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_dan_distribusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Habitat dan distribusi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_dan_distribusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaksi_dengan_manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaksi_dengan_manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interaksi dengan manusia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interaksi_dengan_manusia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Interaksi dengan manusia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interaksi_dengan_manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestikasi_dan_peternakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestikasi_dan_peternakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Domestikasi dan peternakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestikasi_dan_peternakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Persilangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persilangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Persilangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persilangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebagai_simbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebagai_simbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sebagai simbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebagai_simbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemunculan_di_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemunculan_di_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Kemunculan di Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemunculan_di_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancaman_dan_pelestarian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancaman_dan_pelestarian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Ancaman dan pelestarian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancaman_dan_pelestarian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kloning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kloning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Kloning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kloning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Banteng</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 60 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%BA" title="بانتنغ – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانتنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%BA" title="بانتنغ – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بانتنغ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolavirol_(Bos_javanicus)" title="Dolavirol (Bos javanicus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Dolavirol (Bos javanicus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantenq" title="Bantenq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bantenq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C3%A8ng" title="Bantèng – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bantèng" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" title="Bos javanicus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bos javanicus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengo" title="Bantengo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bantengo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" title="Bos javanicus – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bos javanicus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بنتنگ – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنتنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengi" title="Bantengi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bantengi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%92" title="בנטנג – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנטנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Բանտենգ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանտենգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" title="Bos javanicus – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bos javanicus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="バンテン – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンテン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banth%C3%A8ng" title="Banthèng – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Banthèng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბანტენგი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანტენგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%84" title="ទន្សោង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទន្សោង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%85%A1" title="반텡 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반텡" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengas" title="Bantengas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bantengas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5" title="Бантеҥ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Бантеҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാൻടെങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാൻടെങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="စိုင် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စိုင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengfe" title="Bantengfe – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bantengfe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1%C3%A1ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_tsintah_b%C3%A9%C3%A9gashii_a%C5%82chin%C3%AD" title="Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ tsintah béégashii ałchiní – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ tsintah béégashii ałchiní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng_azjatycki" title="Banteng azjatycki – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Banteng azjatycki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بانٹنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بانٹنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" title="Bos javanicus – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bos javanicus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C3%A9ng" title="Banténg – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Banténg" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="วัวแดง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัวแดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бантенг – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бантенг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Banteng" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2_banteng" title="Bò banteng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bò banteng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" title="Bos javanicus – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bos javanicus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="爪哇野牛 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爪哇野牛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B" title="爪哇野牛 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爪哇野牛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Banteng" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Banteng"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&action=edit" title="Halaman ini dilindungi. Anda hanya dapat melihat sumbernya. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Banteng"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&action=edit"><span>Lihat sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Banteng" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Banteng" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&oldid=26301326" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Banteng&id=26301326&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBanteng"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBanteng"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Banteng"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Banteng&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banteng&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispesies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183035" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Banteng </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Banteng_Jawa_(Bos_javanicus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg/250px-Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg/375px-Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg/500px-Banteng_Jawa_%28Bos_javanicus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Banteng jantan di <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Alas_Purwo" title="Taman Nasional Alas Purwo">Taman Nasional Alas Purwo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Status_konservasi" title="Status konservasi">Status konservasi</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/langid-220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/langid-330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/langid-440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Spesies_terancam" title="Spesies terancam">Terancam</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Klasifikasi ilmiah</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Taxonomy/Bos" title="Sunting klasifikasi ini"><img alt="Sunting klasifikasi ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kerajaan: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelas: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ordo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewan_berkuku_genap" title="Hewan berkuku genap">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Famili: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamili: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bos_(genus)" title="Bos (genus)"><i>Bos</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spesies: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="spesies"><i><b>B. javanicus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Tata_nama_biologi" title="Tata nama biologi">Nama binomial</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Bos javanicus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Joseph_d%27Alton" title="Eduard Joseph d'Alton">d'Alton</a>, <a href="/wiki/1823" title="1823">1823</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspesies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Daftar</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Banteng jawa (<i>B. j. javanicus</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;">d'Alton, 1823</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Banteng indocina (atau birma) (<i>B. j. birmanicus</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker</a>, 1898</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Banteng kalimantan (atau borneo) (<i>B. j. lowi</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;">Lydekker, 1912</span> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bos_javanicus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Bos_javanicus.png/220px-Bos_javanicus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Bos_javanicus.png 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="227" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Sebaran banteng (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Hijau: ditemukan. Merah: mungkin ada </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi)">Sinonim</a><sup id="cite_ref-msw3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hooijer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooijer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Daftar</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Bos banteng</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Wagner" title="Johann Andreas Wagner">Wagner</a>, 1844</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. bantinger</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Schlegel and Müller, 1845 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. banting</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jakob_Sundevall" title="Carl Jakob Sundevall">Sundevall</a>, 1846 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. butleri</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker</a>, 1905</span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. domesticus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Wilckens, 1905 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. leucoprymnus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Quoy and Gaimard, 1830 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. porteri</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker</a>, 1909 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. seleniceros</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Heller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Heller (halaman belum tersedia)">Heller</a>, 1890 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. seligniceros</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Meyer, 1878 </span> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>B. sondaicus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blyth" title="Edward Blyth">Blyth</a>, 1842</span> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Banteng</b> (dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" title="Bahasa Jawa">bahasa Jawa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sunda" title="Bahasa Sunda">Sunda</a>: <i>banthèng</i>; nama spesies: <i>Bos javanicus</i>) atau <b>tembadau</b> adalah spesies <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a> yang sekerabat dengan <a href="/wiki/Sapi" title="Sapi">sapi</a> dan ditemukan di berbagai wilayah <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>. Banteng jantan dan betina memiliki perbedaan yang mencolok (<a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_seksual" title="Dimorfisme seksual">dimorfisme seksual</a>): pejantan biasanya berkulit cokelat gelap atau hitam, berbadan besar dan kekar, sedangkan banteng betina lebih langsing dan memiliki kulit cokelat muda. Banteng memiliki bercak besar berwarna putih di bagian bokong. Baik pejantan maupun betina memiliki tanduk, umumnya dengan panjang 60 hingga 75 cm. Ilmuwan umumnya membaginya menjadi tiga <a href="/wiki/Subspesies" title="Subspesies">subspesies</a>: banteng jawa, banteng indocina, dan banteng kalimantan. Banteng liar biasanya lebih besar dibandingkan banteng yang telah <a href="/wiki/Domestikasi" title="Domestikasi">didomestikasi</a> oleh manusia. </p><p>Banteng aktif pada siang dan malam hari, tetapi aktivitas malam lebih umum di daerah yang banyak dikunjungi manusia. Kawanan banteng di alam liar terdiri dari 2 hingga 40 ekor banteng dengan hanya satu pejantan. Banteng adalah hewan dalam golongan herbivora dan memakan berbagai tumbuhan seperti rumput, <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">teki</a>, tunas, daun, bunga, dan buah-buahan. Banteng sering minum air, terutama dari air yang tenang, tetapi mampu bertahan beberapa hari tanpa air di <a href="/wiki/Musim_kemarau" title="Musim kemarau">musim kemarau</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a> reproduksi banteng tidak banyak diketahui, tetapi mungkin mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Sapi_eropa" title="Sapi eropa">sapi eropa</a> yang telah banyak diamati. Induk banteng <a href="/wiki/Gestasi" title="Gestasi">mengandung</a> dalam jangka 285 hari (lebih dari 9 bulan, atau seminggu lebih lama dibandingkan sapi eropa) dan kemudian melahirkan seekor anak banteng saja. Banteng ditemukan di berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> di jangkauan alamiahnya, termasuk hutan ber<a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_peluruh" title="Tumbuhan peluruh">tumbuhan peluruh</a>, setengah peluruh, bagian bawah hutan <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem_montana" title="Ekosistem montana">montana</a>, lahan pertanian yang ditinggalkan, serta daerah rerumputan. </p><p>Populasi banteng liar terbanyak berada di Kamboja, Jawa, Kalimantan (terutama <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, Malaysia) dan Thailand. Banteng ternak dapat ditemukan di Bali, pulau-pulau timur Indonesia (seperti Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Sumba), Australia, Malaysia, dan Papua Nugini. Banteng ternak di Indonesia disebut <a href="/wiki/Sapi_bali" title="Sapi bali">sapi bali</a>, dan jumlahnya mencapai hampir 25% dari seluruh populasi sapi di Indonesia. Peternakan banteng dilakukan untuk menghasilkan daging, dan kadang digunakan sebagai hewan pekerja. Banteng <a href="/wiki/Organisme_meliar" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme meliar">feral</a> ditemukan di Australia Utara (berasal dari banteng ternak yang didatangkan pada masa kolonisasi Britania dan kemudian dilepas dan menjadi liar), dan kemungkinan di <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Enggano" title="Pulau Enggano">Pulau Enggano</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Sangihe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Sangihe">Kepulauan Sangihe</a>. Banteng liar dinyatakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Spesies_genting" title="Spesies genting">spesies genting</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Daftar_merah_IUCN" title="Daftar merah IUCN">Daftar Merah</a> <a href="/wiki/Uni_Internasional_untuk_Konservasi_Alam" title="Uni Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam">IUCN</a>. Di tempat hidup alamiahnya, banteng liar terancam oleh perburuan liar (untuk makanan, olahraga, obat tradisional, dan diambil tanduknya), hilangnya habitat, <a href="/wiki/Fragmentasi_habitat" title="Fragmentasi habitat">fragmentasi habitat</a>, dan penyakit. Banteng dianggap sebagai hewan yang dilindungi di semua negara tempatnya hidup dan sebagian besar hanya ditemukan di daerah yang dilindungi (kecuali mungkin Kamboja). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taksonomi_dan_asal-usul">Taksonomi dan asal-usul</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Deskripsi_spesies" title="Deskripsi spesies">Deskripsi spesies</a> banteng pertama kali dilakukan oleh seorang naturalis Jerman <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilhelm_Eduard_d%27Alton" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Wilhelm Eduard d'Alton">Joseph Wilhelm Eduard d'Alton</a> pada tahun 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-hooijer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooijer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-d'alton_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'alton-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama <i>banteng</i> yang diserap dari bahasa Jawa <i>banthèng</i> digunakan sebagai nama umum spesies ini, termasuk dalam bahasa luar Nusantara seperti bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama-nama lokal lain yang digunakan di daerah jangkauan banteng adalah tembadau atau sapi hutan (Melayu), wau daeng (Thai), ngua pha (Laos), dan tsiane (Myanmar).<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deskripsi d'Alton berasal dari dua tengkorak yang berasal dari Pulau <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> dari seekor pejantan dan seekor betina, tetapi hanya pejantannya yang disebut sebagai banteng oleh d'Alton, sedangkan betinanya ia sebut sebagai sapi liar dari Jawa.<sup id="cite_ref-d'alton_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d'alton-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tengkorak-tengkorak ini dibawa ke <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum_van_Natuurlijke_Historie" title="Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie">Museum Nasional Sejarah Alam</a> di <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, Belanda. Berbagai nama kemudian digunakan oleh komunitas ilmiah untuk spesies banteng, termasuk <i>Bos leucoprymnus</i>, <i>Bos banteng</i>, <i>Bos bantinger</i>, dan <i>Bos sondaicus</i>. Kemudian, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Albert_Hooijer" title="Dirk Albert Hooijer">Dirk Albert Hooijer</a> yang bekerja di museum tersebut menyebut bahwa nama yang digunakan d'Alton pada 1823-lah yang merupakan nama pertama yang sah. d'Alton menggunakan nama <i>Bibos javanicus</i> untuk pejantan yang ia deskripsikan, atau bisa dianggap sebagai <i>Bos (Bibos) javanicus</i> jika <i>Bibos</i> adalah <a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">subgenus</a> dari <i>Bos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hooijer_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooijer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pennant_1800_35_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennant_1800_35-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nama <i>Bos leucoprymnus</i> diajukan pada 1830, tetapi awalnya ditolak karena dianggap mendeskripsikan persilangan antara banteng dengan seekor sapi ternak; tetapi Hooijer menulis bahwa belum tentu deskripsi tersebut merujuk kepada spesies silang, dan kalaupun benar, nama tersebut tetap sah (sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi)">sinonim</a>). Namun, nama ini muncul tujuh tahun setelah deskripsi d'Alton sehingga tidak mendapat prioritas. Demikian juga dengan nama <i>Bos banteng</i> yang tercatat pada 1836 dan <i>Bos bantinger</i> pada 1845. Dalam revisi deskripsi d'Alton yang dikeluarkan pada 1845, para penulisnya berpendapat bahwa kedua spesimen tersebut adalah sapi liar dan menyebutnya <i>Bos sundaicus</i>. Salah satu kesalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah spesimen betina dianggap sebagai pejantan muda, dan kesalahan ini banyak diikuti tulisan-tulisan selanjutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-hooijer_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooijer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspesies">Subspesies</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BantengSmit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BantengSmit.jpg/220px-BantengSmit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BantengSmit.jpg/330px-BantengSmit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/BantengSmit.jpg/440px-BantengSmit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2684" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>Perbedaan ciri wajah banteng indocina (kiri) dan banteng jawa (kanan) (<i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Zoological_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</a></i>, 1898)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dari perbedaan <a href="/wiki/Fenotipe" title="Fenotipe">fenotipe</a>, terdapat tiga <a href="/wiki/Subspesies" title="Subspesies">subspesies</a> yang diakui secara umum, walaupun tidak semua penulis menerima penggolongan ini, dengan alasan seringnya terjadi persilangan antara populasi banteng yang tinggal sedikit dengan kerabat-kerabat sapi lainnya. Ketiga subspesies ini adalah:<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-msw3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Banteng jawa (<i>B. j. javanicus</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;">d'Alton, 1823</span>: Terdapat di Jawa dan mungkin <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>.</li> <li>Banteng indocina atau banteng birma (<i>B. j. birmanicus</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Lydekker</a>, 1898</span>: Terdapat di daratan Asia Tenggara</li> <li>Banteng kalimantan atau banteng borneo (<i>B. j. lowi</i>) <span style="font-size:85%;">Lydekker, 1912</span>: Hanya ada di <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>.</li></ul> <p>Penelitian <a href="/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni">filogeni</a> yang dilakukan pada 2015 memperoleh <a href="/wiki/DNA_mitokondria" title="DNA mitokondria">genom mitokondria</a> lengkap dari banteng kalimantan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa banteng kalimantan berkerabat lebih dekat dengan <a href="/wiki/Seladang" title="Seladang">seladang</a> atau gaur (<i>Bos gaurus</i>) dibandingkan subspesies banteng yang lain dan diperkirakan mengalami <a href="/wiki/Divergensi_genetis" title="Divergensi genetis">divergensi</a> sekitar 5,03 juta tahun yang lalu. Selain itu, banteng kalimantan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Jarak_genetik" title="Jarak genetik">jarak genetik</a> yang lebih jauh dengan <a href="/wiki/Sapi_eropa" title="Sapi eropa">sapi eropa</a> (<i>Bos taurus taurus</i>) maupun <a href="/wiki/Sapi_Zebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapi Zebu">sapi zebu</a> (<i>Bos taurus indicus</i>). Hal ini mengindikasikan banteng kalimantan liar tidak banyak bersilangan dengan kedua jenis sapi tersebut sejak divergensi genetik nenek moyang mereka. Peneliti tersebut juga mengusulkan kemungkinan banteng kalimantan dianggap sebagai spesies sendiri. Hubungan filogenetik antara subspesies-subspesies banteng dengan kerabat-kerabatnya ditunjukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kladogram" title="Kladogram">kladogram</a> berikut ini:<sup id="cite_ref-2015study_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015study-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17572906">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:75%;width:600px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Boselaphini" title="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antelop_bertanduk_empat" title="Antelop bertanduk empat">antelop bertanduk empat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">nilgai</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Bovini" title="Bovini">Bovini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Banteng kalimantan (<i>Bos javanicus lowi</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Seladang" title="Seladang">Seladang</a> (<i>Bos gaurus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Alert_Bison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alert_Bison.jpg/60px-Alert_Bison.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alert_Bison.jpg/90px-Alert_Bison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alert_Bison.jpg/120px-Alert_Bison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Banteng jawa (<i>Bos javanicus javanicus</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Banteng birma (<i>Bos javanicus birmanicus</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a> (<i>Bos grunniens</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg/60px-Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg/90px-Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg/120px-Bos_grunniens_at_Letdar_on_Annapurna_Circuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bison_amerika" title="Bison amerika">Bison amerika</a> (<i>Bison bison</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/60px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/90px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/American_bison_k5680-1.jpg/120px-American_bison_k5680-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1761" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bison_eropa" title="Bison eropa">Bison eropa</a> (<i>Bison bonasus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg/60px-Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg/90px-Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg/120px-Bison_bonasus_bonasus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1686" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sapi_eropa" title="Sapi eropa">Sapi eropa</a> (<i>Bos taurus taurus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs,_Oroso-8-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg/50px-20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg/75px-20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg/100px-20100516_Vacas_Vilarromar%C3%ADs%2C_Oroso-8-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3530" data-file-height="2355" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sapi_zebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapi zebu">Sapi zebu</a> (<i>Bos taurus indicus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bos_taurus_indicus_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg/50px-Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Bos_taurus_indicus_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Saola</a> (<i>Pseudoryx nghetinhensis</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis,_b.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG/60px-Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG" decoding="async" width="60" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG/90px-Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG/120px-Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis%2C_b.PNG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="462" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Anoa" title="Anoa">Anoa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kerbau" title="Kerbau">kerbau</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ciri-ciri">Ciri-ciri</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Burgers%27_Zoo_(20190622125153).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg/220px-Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg/330px-Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg/440px-Burgers%27_Zoo_%2820190622125153%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Banteng memiliki bokong berwarna putih.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Banteng_Alas_Purwo_(face_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg/170px-Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg/255px-Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg/340px-Banteng_Alas_Purwo_%28face_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Kepala banteng jantan, beserta tanduknya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banteng memiliki panjang antara 1,9 hingga 2,25 m dari tubuh hingga kepala.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng liar biasanya lebih besar dan berat dibanding banteng yang telah diternakkan (seperti <a href="/wiki/Sapi_bali" title="Sapi bali">sapi bali</a> yang merupakan hasil <a href="/wiki/Domestikasi" title="Domestikasi">domestikasi</a> banteng), tetapi selain itu tubuhnya tampak mirip.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rata-rata tinggi pundak banteng jawa dan banteng indocina liar adalah 1,4 m untuk betina dan 1,6 m untuk pejantan, sedangkan banteng kalimantan lebih kecil dan rendah.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berat banteng liar berkisar antara 590–670 kg untuk betina dan 600–800 kg untuk pejantan.<sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng ternak betina dapat mencapai tinggi pundak 1,2 m<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dengan berat dari 211 hingga 242 kg,<sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan pejantannya memiliki tinggi 1,3–1,6 m<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dengan berat 335 hingga 363 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banteng memiliki <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_seksual" title="Dimorfisme seksual">dimorfisme seksual</a> (perbedaan sistematis antara pejantan dan betina) yang besar. Pejantan dewasa biasanya berkulit hitam atau cokelat tua, berukuran lebih besar, dan bertubuh lebih kekar, sedangkan betina biasanya berkulit cokelat muda atau merah bata. Banteng betina dan banteng muda memiliki sebuah garis berwarna gelap di sepanjang punggungnya. Sebagian banteng jantan dapat berkulit cokelat, kadang dengan titik-titik putih seperti tutul <a href="/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa">rusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pejantan muda memiliki kulit merah bata dan warna dewasanya muncul perlahan-lahan dari depan hingga belakang seiring pertumbuhan. Pejantan yang tua dapat berkulit kelabu. Bagian bawah banteng berwarna putih atau cokelat muda. Wajahnya cenderung berwarna lebih terang dibanding bagian tubuh lainnya, dengan warna putih atau kelabu di dahi dan sekitar mata, tetapi menggelap saat mendekati <a href="/wiki/Moncong" title="Moncong">moncongnya</a> yang berwarna hitam. Terdapat sebuah bercak besar berwarna putih di bokongnya, yang kemungkinan berguna agar banteng dapat tetap mengikuti kawanannya dalam keadaan gelap. Kakinya juga berwarna putih di bawah lutut.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng memiliki punggung yang tinggi akibat panjangnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertebra_torakal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertebra torakal (halaman belum tersedia)">vertebra torakalnya</a> (ruas tulang punggung) sehingga seolah-olah memiliki punuk.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanduk banteng biasanya berukuran 60 hingga 75 sentimeter dan pangkal kedua tanduk dipisahkan oleh kulit yang tebal. Banteng jantan memiliki tanduk yang panjang, berujung tajam, halus kecuali dekat pangkalnya, dan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Penampang_lintang_(geometri)" title="Penampang lintang (geometri)">penampang lintang</a> berbentuk lingkaran. Banteng betina memiliki tanduk yang lebih pendek yang ujungnya melengkung ke dalam, sementara ujung tanduk pejantan melengkung ke atas dan sedikit ke depan. Ekor banteng memiliki panjang antara 65 hingga 70 cm dengan ujung berwarna hitam.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lingkungan_dan_perilaku">Lingkungan dan perilaku</h2></div> <p>Banteng aktif pada siang dan malam hari, walaupun aktivitas malam umumnya terjadi di wilayah dengan banyak interaksi manusia. Banteng umumnya ditemukan dalam kawanan beranggotakan 2 hingga 40 ekor dengan hanya satu pejantan. Pejantan yang lebih tua membentuk kelompok kecil beranggotakan dua atau tiga ekor banteng. Banteng memiliki sifat tertutup dan sangat waspada sehingga sulit didekati manusia. Banteng mencari tempat istirahat dan berlindung dari hujan maupun gangguan manusia di hutan-hutan yang lebat.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng, terutama anak-anak dan betinanya, mampu berjalan cepat dan melewati rintangan dengan mudah di hutan yang lebat.<sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Indonesia, banteng liar memiliki reputasi buas dan berbahaya, tetapi para ilmuwan menganggap reputasi ini berlebihan; para peneliti sering berjalan tanpa perlindungan di habitat banteng tanpa masalah berarti. Banteng ternak juga kadang memiliki sifat agresif, tetapi dapat menjadi jinak jika banteng dipelihara dengan banyak kontak manusia. Anak banteng dapat menjadi agresif saat tertekan dan menyerang pagar atau tembok.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu hewan pemangsa utamanya adalah <a href="/wiki/Ajak" title="Ajak">ajak</a>, kerabat anjing liar dari Asia;<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rahman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rahman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan di <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Ujung_Kulon" title="Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon">Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon</a> tercatat <a href="/wiki/Macan_tutul_jawa" title="Macan tutul jawa">macan tutul jawa</a> sebagai pemangsa anak-anak banteng.<sup id="cite_ref-alikodra_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alikodra-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng memiliki indera penciuman yang kuat, yang berguna untuk mendeteksi predator dan sebagai sarana komunikasi dalam suatu kawanan. Banteng juga memiliki indera pendengaran yang kuat. Saat musim kawin, banteng banyak mengeluarkan suara seperti mengaum dan melenguh. Sementara itu, anak-anak banteng di bawah tujuh bulan dapat mengeluarkan suara "eng" yang lembut. Teriakan nada tinggi digunakan sebagai tanda bahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makanan">Makanan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Balinese_cow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Balinese_cow.JPG/220px-Balinese_cow.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Balinese_cow.JPG/330px-Balinese_cow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Balinese_cow.JPG/440px-Balinese_cow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Banteng merupakan <a href="/wiki/Herbivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivora">herbivora</a> yang memakan berbagai tumbuhan seperti rumput.</figcaption></figure> <p>Banteng merupakan <a href="/wiki/Herbivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivora">herbivora</a> dan memakan tumbuhan seperti rumput, <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">teki</a>, tunas, daun, bunga, dan buah. Hewan ini mencari makan pada malam hari di kawasan terbuka, diselingi istirahat selama dua atau tiga jam yang juga digunakan untuk <a href="/wiki/Memamah_biak" class="mw-redirect" title="Memamah biak">memamah biak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saat musim hujan, banteng dapat pindah ke hutan yang lebih tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian di <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a>, Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa makanan utama banteng adalah rumput <i><a href="/wiki/Axonopus_compressus" class="mw-redirect" title="Axonopus compressus">Axonopus compressus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cynodon_dactylon" title="Cynodon dactylon">Cynodon dactylon</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ischaemum_muticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ischaemum muticum (halaman belum tersedia)">Ischaemum muticum</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Rumput_kerbau" title="Rumput kerbau">Paspalum conjugatum</a></i> (rumput kerbau), serta <a href="/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu">perdu</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Psychotria_malayana" title="Psychotria malayana">Psychotria malayana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, penelitian di cagar alam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_Simpan_Deramakot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan Simpan Deramakot (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan Deramakot</a> di Sabah, Malaysia menunjukkan adanya biji <a href="/wiki/Putri_malu" title="Putri malu">putri malu</a> (<i>Mimosa pudica</i>) dan rumput kerbau, bambu (kemungkinan <i><a href="/wiki/Dinochloa" title="Dinochloa">Dinochloa</a></i>), serta getah pohon dalam sampel <a href="/wiki/Feses" class="mw-redirect" title="Feses">feses</a> banteng.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng sering minum air jika keadaan memungkinkan, terutama dari air yang tenang, tetapi juga dapat bertahan beberapa hari tanpa air di <a href="/wiki/Musim_kemarau" title="Musim kemarau">musim kemarau</a>. Banteng suka <a href="/wiki/Menjilat_mineral" title="Menjilat mineral">menjilat tanah yang mengandung garam</a> untuk memenuhi kebutuhan garamnya. Jika tidak ada tanah yang sesuai, banteng dapat minum air laut. Banteng mampu meminum air dengan kadar garam yang tinggi, dan di Australia Utara banteng diketahui memakan <a href="/wiki/Rumput_laut" class="mw-disambig" title="Rumput laut">rumput laut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduksi_dan_daur_hidup">Reproduksi dan daur hidup</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bos_javanicus,_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg/220px-Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg/330px-Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg/440px-Bos_javanicus%2C_Diergaarde_Blijdorp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Induk banteng beserta anaknya</figcaption></figure> <p>Fisiologi reproduksi banteng tidak diketahui dengan jelas, tetapi kemungkinan mirip dengan sapi eropa. Banteng ternak dapat mencapai <a href="/wiki/Kematangan_seksual" title="Kematangan seksual">kematangan seksual</a> pada umur 13 bulan dan siap kawin 3 bulan berikutnya. Banteng dapat bunting dengan mudah; tingkat pembuahan 80% hingga 90% telah tercatat di Australia Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Myanmar, perkawinan banteng terjadi sepanjang tahun di alam liar maupun di penangkaran, tetapi di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Cobourg" title="Semenanjung Cobourg">Semenanjung Cobourg</a>, Australia Utara, perkawinan hanya umum terjadi pada bulan Oktober dan November, sedangkan di Thailand puncak musim kawin terjadi pada bulan Mei dan Juni.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-choquent_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choquent-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng <a href="/wiki/Kehamilan" title="Kehamilan">mengandung</a> selama hingga 285 hari (antara sembilan dan sepuluh bulan, seminggu lebih lama dibanding sapi eropa), lalu melahirkan seekor anak. Banteng yang baru lahir memiliki berat 16–17 kg jika jantan atau 14–15 kg jika betina. Anak banteng disusui selama hingga 16 bulan, dan sebagian induk tetap menyusui anaknya hingga anak berikutnya lahir.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian terhadap banteng liar di Semenanjung Cobourg menunjukkan bahwa banteng liar jantan mencapai kematangan seksual saat berumur tiga atau empat tahun dan mencapai pertumbuhan maksimal dalam umur lima hingga enam tahun. Sementara itu, banteng liar betina tumbuh hingga umur tiga atau empat tahun. Anak banteng mengalami tingkat kematian tinggi pada enam bulan pertamanya, setelah itu tingkat kematian ini menurun drastis seiring tumbuhnya banteng.<sup id="cite_ref-choquent_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-choquent-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng dapat hidup hingga 26 tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-castello_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castello-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyakit_dan_parasit">Penyakit dan parasit</h3></div> <p>Banteng menjadi inang beberapa endoparasit seperti <a href="/wiki/Cacing_hati" title="Cacing hati">cacing hati</a> penyebab <a href="/wiki/Fasiolosis" title="Fasiolosis">fasiolosis</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cacing_usus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacing usus">cacing usus</a> (seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Strongyloides" title="Strongyloides">Strongyloides</a> papillosus,</i> penyebab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strongiloidiasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strongiloidiasis (halaman belum tersedia)">strongiloidiasis</a>), dan <i><a href="/wiki/Paramphistomum" title="Paramphistomum">Paramphistomum</a></i> (penyebab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramfistomiasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramfistomiasis (halaman belum tersedia)">paramfistomiasis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng juga dapat terkena <a href="/wiki/Demam_kataral_malignan" title="Demam kataral malignan">demam kataral malignan</a> yang diakibatkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Gamaherpesvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamaherpesvirus">gamaherpesvirus</a> domba 2 (OvHV-2),<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terutama jika mereka hidup berdampingan dengan domba sebagai <a href="/wiki/Reservoir_alami" title="Reservoir alami">reservoir penyakit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Susilawati2017_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susilawati2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Bali" title="Penyakit Bali">Penyakit Bali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <i>Balische ziekte</i>) adalah penyakit kulit yang hanya diderita oleh banteng, dengan tanda klinis yang dimulai dari <a href="/wiki/Eksem" title="Eksem">eksem</a>, kemudian memburuk menjadi <a href="/wiki/Nekrosis" title="Nekrosis">nekrosis</a> dan robeknya <a href="/wiki/Membran_mukosa" title="Membran mukosa">membran mukosa</a> di bagian yang terkena. <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Jembrana" title="Penyakit Jembrana">Penyakit Jembrana</a> menyerang banteng ternak (sapi bali) di <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten_Jembrana" title="Kabupaten Jembrana">Kabupaten Jembrana</a>, Provinsi Bali, pada tahun 1964 dan kemudian menyebar ke wilayah-wilayah lain. Penyakit ini terus muncul tetapi tidak seganas kemunculan pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awalnya penyebab penyakit ini tidak diketahui, tetapi selanjutnya ditemukan bahwa penyakit ini disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">Lentivirus</a> yang dinamakan <a href="/wiki/Virus_jembrana" class="mw-redirect" title="Virus jembrana">virus penyakit jembrana</a> (<i>Jembrana disease virus</i>, disingkat JDV).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng juga dapat menderita <a href="/wiki/Bruselosis" title="Bruselosis">bruselosis</a>, penyakit sangat menular yang menyebabkan kemandulan dan keguguran, yang juga dapat menyerang hewan ternak lainnya. Banteng di Australia Utara diketahui dapat <a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">menyebarkan penyakit ini kepada manusia</a> dan hewan ternak.<sup id="cite_ref-megafauna_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megafauna-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keberadaan bruselosis pada sapi di Indonesia sudah banyak diteliti, tetapi penelitian yang spesifik untuk banteng ternak belum banyak dilakukan. Sebuah studi yang diterbitkan pada 2013 menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Seroprevalensi" title="Seroprevalensi">seroprevalensi</a> sebesar 19,3% di <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten_Pinrang" title="Kabupaten Pinrang">Pinrang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penyakit lain pada banteng adalah <a href="/wiki/Radang_paha" title="Radang paha">radang paha</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Diare_ganas_sapi" title="Diare ganas sapi">diare ganas</a>, yang telah menyebabkan sejumlah kematian.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di antara <a href="/wiki/Ektoparasit" title="Ektoparasit">ektoparasit</a> yang tercatat pada banteng adalah <a href="/wiki/Caplak" title="Caplak">caplak</a> (sengkenit) dari spesies <i><a href="/wiki/Amblyomma_testudinarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyomma testudinarium">Amblyomma testudinarium</a></i> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Haemaphysalis" title="Haemaphysalis">Haemaphysalis</a> cornigera</i>, serta dari genus <i><a href="/wiki/Rhipicephalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhipicephalus">Rhipicephalus</a></i>. Seperti halnya <a href="/wiki/Kerbau" title="Kerbau">kerbau</a>, banteng juga memiliki imunitas tinggi terhadap caplak serta penyakit yang dibawanya.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian di Australia Utara menunjukkan adanya <a href="/wiki/Simbiosis_mutualisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbiosis mutualisme">simbiosis mutualisme</a> antara banteng dan burung <a href="/wiki/Gagak_Torres" class="mw-redirect" title="Gagak Torres">gagak torres</a> yang memakan ektoparasit (kemungkinan besar caplak) dari bagian tubuh banteng, terutama daerah di antara kedua kaki belakangnya. Hal ini merupakan penemuan berarti karena menunjukkan simbiosis pertama yang diketahui antara burung asli suatu tempat dengan mamalia liar yang bukan hewan asli tempat itu, yang terjadi hanya 150 tahun setelah dibawanya banteng oleh manusia ke Australia Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_dan_distribusi">Habitat dan distribusi</h2></div> <p>Banteng dapat ditemukan di berbagai <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, termasuk hutan ber<a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_peluruh" title="Tumbuhan peluruh">tumbuhan peluruh</a>, setengah peluruh, bagian bawah hutan <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">montana</a>, lahan pertanian yang ditinggalkan, serta daerah rerumputan.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Padang penggembalaan dominan sebagai pusat aktivitas banteng dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pakan, serta tempat berinteraksi dengan banteng lainnya, kawin, melahirkan, dan membesarkan anak. Sungai merupakan sumber air yang penting, demikian pula pantai sebagai sumber air asin untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">garam</a>. Sementara itu, hutan adalah tempat berlindung yang penting bagi banteng dari gangguan <a href="/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca">cuaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemangsa" title="Pemangsa">pemangsa</a>, dan juga dari kehadiran manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-alikodra_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alikodra-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hewan ini ditemukan di ketinggian hingga 2.100 m di atas permukaan laut.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Populasi banteng liar terbesar ditemukan di Kamboja, Jawa, serta kemungkinan Kalimantan (terutama Sabah) dan Thailand. Hewan liar ini juga ada di pulau Kalimantan bagian Indonesia serta di Myanmar. Keberadaan banteng liar di Bali, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, Tiongkok, Laos, dan Vietnam tidak diketahui dengan pasti, sedangkan di Bangladesh, Brunei, serta India dikhawatirkan banteng liar telah punah atau memang tidak pernah ada. Banteng ternak terdapat di Bali, Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Sumba, dan pulau-pulau Indonesia bagian timur lainnya, Australia, Malaysia, dan Papua Nugini. Populasi <a href="/wiki/Feral" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral">feral</a> (hewan ternak yang telah lepas dan menjadi liar kembali) ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Australia_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia Utara">Australia Utara</a>, serta kemungkinan di <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>, pulau <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Enggano" title="Pulau Enggano">Enggano</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Sangihe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Sangihe">Kepulauan Sangihe</a> di Indonesia. Belum ada penelitian genetika yang jelas untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi percampuran antara banteng feral yang kemungkinan ada di Kalimantan Timur dengan populasi banteng liar setempat.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-recon_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recon-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada masa lalu, banteng banyak ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Yunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunan">Yunan</a> (di Tiongkok) dan daratan Asia Tenggara, kemudian menyebar ke Kalimantan dan Jawa melalui <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaya" title="Semenanjung Malaya">Semenanjung Malaya</a>. Kemungkinan penyebaran banteng ini juga mencapai India timur laut serta dan Bali. Sebagian ilmuwan menganggap Bali tidak termasuk wilayah jangkauan alami banteng karena tidak adanya bukti fosil dan menganggap penyebaran banteng ke pulau tersebut terjadi akibat tindakan manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seni_batu" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni batu">Peninggalan gambar-gambar</a> di gua-gua Kalimantan Timur yang berasal dari sekitar 10.000 SM menunjukkan adanya hewan mirip sapi yang tanduknya mirip tanduk banteng, sehingga ada spekulasi bahwa banteng telah mencapai <a href="/wiki/Garis_Wallace" title="Garis Wallace">Garis Wallace</a> pada masa tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-chazine_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chazine-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturalis Belanda <a href="/wiki/Andries_Hoogerwerf" title="Andries Hoogerwerf">Andries Hoogerwerf</a> menulis bahwa banteng kemungkinan telah ada sejak zaman prasejarah di Jawa, dengan berdasarkan peninggalan yang diperkarakan berasal dari tahun 1000 SM di Gua Sampung, <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten_Ponorogo" title="Kabupaten Ponorogo">Kabupaten Ponorogo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaksi_dengan_manusia">Interaksi dengan manusia</h2></div> <p>Interaksi banteng dengan manusia dapat ditilik kembali hingga ribuan tahun yang lalu, berdasarkan peninggalan fisik hewan tersebut serta karya seni di gua-gua.<sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chazine_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chazine-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut Hooijer, riwayat dari naturalis Wales <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Thomas Pennant</a> pada tahun 1800 dengan judul <i>Outlines of the Globe</i> merupakan catatan tertulis pertama tentang hewan ini, yang dijelaskan Pennant sebagai "sapi liar, dengan warna cokelat kemerahan, dengan tanduk panjang, dan bertubuh besar" di Pulau Jawa.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennant_1800_35_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennant_1800_35-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, Hoogerwerf menyebut bahwa banteng telah ada dalam karya sastra klasik Indonesia seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Nagarakretagama" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a></i> (tahun 1365), yang dipersembahkan untuk raja Majapahit <a href="/wiki/Hayam_Wuruk" title="Hayam Wuruk">Hayam Wuruk</a>. Karya ini menyebutkan kegiatan berburu sang raja yang melibatkan berbagai hewan buruan termasuk banteng. Catatan dari abad ke-18 menunjukkan bahwa banteng telah digunakan sebagai hewan pengangkut termasuk untuk membawa kopi.<sup id="cite_ref-hoogerwerf_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoogerwerf-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestikasi_dan_peternakan">Domestikasi dan peternakan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg/220px-Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg/330px-Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg/440px-Feeding_the_Banteng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Seorang peternak memberi makan banteng ternak yang dikenal dengan nama <a href="/wiki/Sapi_bali" title="Sapi bali">sapi bali</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sapi_bali" title="Sapi bali">Sapi bali</a></div> <p>Domestikasi banteng diperkirakan telah berlangsung sejak 3500 SM di Jawa dan daratan Asia Tenggara. Saat ini, sebagian besar populasi banteng ternak dikenal sebagai sapi bali dan diternakkan di Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mohd2009_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mohd2009-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2016, hampir 25% dari populasi "sapi" Indonesia adalah sapi bali yang sebenarnya adalah banteng, termasuk 80% dari sapi di kawasan timur yang kebanyakan dimiliki peternak kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-mason_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banteng ternak bersifat jinak dan mampu bertahan di cuaca panas dan lembap. Selain itu, hewan ini mampu tumbuh dan mempertahankan bobot tubuh normal sekalipun diberi pakan kualitas rendah. Peternakan hewan ini terutama dilakukan untuk dagingnya, yang banyak diminati dan disebut empuk dan lembut.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadang banteng ini juga digunakan untuk hewan pekerja di bidang pertanian, walaupun dilaporkan tidak sekuat sapi zebu dalam menarik gerobak di jalan.<sup id="cite_ref-fao_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun banteng memiliki produksi susu yang rendah, hanya selama enam hingga sepuluh bulan pertama dan hanya 0,9 hingga 2,8 kg per hari. Hewan ini juga rentan penyakit seperti demam kataral malignan. Pada 1964, terjadi wabah di Bali yang disebut "penyakit Jembrana" yang membunuh 10% hingga 60% dari banteng ternak di berbagai tempat di Bali dan diikuti gelombang-gelombang susulan yang tidak seganas gelombang pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_13-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Persilangan">Persilangan</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Sapi_Madura_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>Sepasang <a href="/wiki/Sapi_madura" title="Sapi madura">sapi madura</a>, hasil persilangan banteng dengan <a href="/wiki/Sapi_zebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapi zebu">sapi zebu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Banteng ternak juga disilangkan dengan hewan kerabat-kerabatnya. <a href="/wiki/Sapi_Madura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapi Madura">Sapi madura</a> yang diternakkan di Jawa dan Madura adalah hasil persilangan banteng dengan sapi zebu dan bersifat fertil atau mampu menghasilkan keturunan. Sapi madura berukuran relatif kecil, dengan berat pejantan 250–300 kg dan betina sekitar 150 kg. Hewan ini digunakan dalam acara-acara tradisional, termasuk balapan sapi dan lomba sapi hias. Selain sapi madura, terdapat hasil persilangan lainnya yaitu sapi donggala, sapi galekan, dan sapi jabres (Jawa Brebes).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasil persilangan sapi zebu dengan banteng selalu bersifat fertil, sedangkan pejantan yang merupakan hasil persilangan banteng dengan sapi eropa bersifat steril atau mandul.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Juni 2011, pemerintah Jawa Timur melakukan program persilangan banteng ternak dengan banteng liar yang diambil dari <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Baluran" title="Taman Nasional Baluran">Taman Nasional Baluran</a> di <a href="/wiki/Situbondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Situbondo">Situbondo</a>, yang menghasilkan lima sapi bunting. Program ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas banteng ternak.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sebagai_simbol">Sebagai simbol</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pancasila_Perisai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pancasila_Perisai.svg/130px-Pancasila_Perisai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pancasila_Perisai.svg/195px-Pancasila_Perisai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pancasila_Perisai.svg/260px-Pancasila_Perisai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Kepala banteng tampil di kiri atas perisai Garuda Pancasila, <a href="/wiki/Lambang_negara_Indonesia" title="Lambang negara Indonesia">lambang negara Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Di Indonesia, kepala banteng digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Lambang_negara_Indonesia" title="Lambang negara Indonesia">lambang negara Indonesia</a>, "Garuda Pancasila". Simbol ini tampil di bagian kiri atas pengamat (kanan atas garuda), melambangkan sila ke-4, "Kerakyatan yang Dipimpin oleh Hikmat Kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan". Selain itu, sejumlah partai juga menggunakan kepala banteng sebagai simbolnya, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Partai_Nasional_Indonesia" title="Partai Nasional Indonesia">Partai Nasional Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partai_Demokrasi_Indonesia" title="Partai Demokrasi Indonesia">Partai Demokrasi Indonesia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Demokrasi_Indonesia_Perjuangan" title="Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan">Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kahin2015_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kahin2015-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepala banteng sempat diusulkan untuk menjadi bagian <a href="/wiki/Bendera_Indonesia" title="Bendera Indonesia">bendera Indonesia</a> sebelum akhirnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_Rakyat_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres Rakyat Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kongres Rakyat Indonesia</a> pada 1939 memilih bendera dwiwarna merah-putih.<sup id="cite_ref-Kahin2003_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kahin2003-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemunculan_di_Australia">Kemunculan di Australia</h3></div> <p>Banteng ternak awalnya dibawa oleh kolonis Britania ke Australia pada 1849, tepatnya ke sebuah permukiman dan posko militer di Semenanjung Cobourg yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Port_Essington" title="Port Essington">Port Essington</a>. Sebanyak 20 ekor banteng dibawa ke <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a> bagian barat, kini bagian dari Teritori Australia Utara, sebagai sumber makanan. Setahun kemudian, permukiman tersebut ditinggalkan akibat kondisi buruk, termasuk kegagalan panen dan menyebarnya penyakit tropis. Banteng-banteng tersebut kemudian dilepas dari padang gembalanya sehingga menjadi menjadi populasi feral (hewan ternak yang menjadi liar kembali).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Populasi feral ini terus berkembang biak dan pada tahun 1960-an para peneliti menemukan bahwa populasi banteng di hutan tropis Semenanjung Cobourg telah mencapai sekitar 1.500 ekor.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2007, populasi ini diperkirakan mencapai 8.000–10.000, terutama di <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Garig_Gunak_Barlu" title="Taman Nasional Garig Gunak Barlu">Taman Nasional Garig Gunak Barlu</a>, Semenanjung Cobourg, Australia Utara.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2007_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2007-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2006_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam sebuah survei yang hasilnya diterbitkan pada 1990, kepadatan populasi di hutan tempat banteng-banteng ini hidup mencapai 70/km<sup>2</sup>, mendekati kepadatan awal saat kedatangan awalnya di Port Essington.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman1990_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman1990-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banteng Australia dianggap spesies nonasli yang bersifat <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a> atau pengganggu karena dilaporkan merusak tumbuhan lokal dengan menginjak dan memakan terlalu banyak, serta membahayakan bahkan membunuh manusia yang mendekat. Selain itu, banteng juga dapat menularkan penyakit mematikan seperti <a href="/wiki/Bruselosis" title="Bruselosis">bruselosis</a> kepada manusia maupun sapi. Karena itu, banteng di Australia terkadang diburu untuk mengurangi jumlahnya, tetapi pegiat pelestarian marga satwa telah menyatakan kekhawatiran terhadap ancaman ini karena terus berkurangnya populasi banteng di luar Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-megafauna_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megafauna-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebuah penelitian di <a href="/wiki/Hutan_musiman_tropis" title="Hutan musiman tropis">hutan musiman tropis</a> di Taman Nasional Garig Gunak Barlu menemukan bahwa kerusakan yang ditimbulkan banteng saat memakan tumbuhan tergolong kecil, terutama jika dibandingkan dengan populasi <a href="/wiki/Babi_feral" title="Babi feral">babi feral</a> di kawasan tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman1991_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian lain juga menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi rumput oleh banteng mungkin mengurangi menumpuknya rumput-rumput kering sehingga mengurangi menyebarnya <a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebakaran liar">kebakaran</a> musiman ke kawasan hutan musiman tropis, dan berpotensi membantu <a href="/wiki/Penyebaran_biji" title="Penyebaran biji">penyebaran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perkecambahan" title="Perkecambahan">perkecambahan</a> biji rumput.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman1990_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman1990-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karena populasi banteng feral di Australia diawali oleh hanya 20 banteng ternak, terjadi "<a href="/wiki/Efek_pendiri" title="Efek pendiri">efek pendiri</a>" yang menyebabkan terjadinya <a href="/wiki/Leher_botol_genetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Leher botol genetik">leher botol genetik</a>, yaitu kurangnya keanekaragaman genetika akibat <a href="/wiki/Silang_dalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Silang dalam">silang dalam</a> atau perkawinan dengan kerabat dekat. Gen yang kurang beragam mengakibatkan <a href="/wiki/Depresi_perkawinan_sekerabat" title="Depresi perkawinan sekerabat">depresi perkawinan sekerabat</a>, yaitu berkurangnya <a href="/wiki/Kebugaran_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebugaran (biologi)">kebugaran genetika</a> akibat <a href="/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi">mutasi-mutasi</a> yang merugikan atau berkurangnya imunitas terhadap penyakit. Sebuah analisis terhadap 12 <a href="/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit">mikrosatelit</a> dalam DNA menemukan <a href="/wiki/Koefisien_silang_dalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Koefisien silang dalam">koefisien silang dalam</a> yang tinggi yaitu 0,58. Meskipun <a href="/wiki/Lungkang_gen" title="Lungkang gen">lungkang gen</a> dalam populasi ini yang tersedia cukup kecil, sekelompok penulis (Corey J.A. Bradshaw <i>et al.</i>) menyebut bahwa peristiwa ini menunjukkan bahwa tempat seperti Australia dapat menjadi tempat pelestarian spesies herbivora besar non-Australia yang terancam di daerah aslinya, walaupun mereka mengakui bahwa strategi ini kontroversial.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2006_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancaman_dan_pelestarian">Ancaman dan pelestarian</h3></div> <p>Banteng liar digolongkan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Spesies_genting" title="Spesies genting">spesies genting</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Daftar_merah_IUCN" title="Daftar merah IUCN">daftar merah</a> <a href="/wiki/Uni_Internasional_untuk_Konservasi_Alam" title="Uni Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam">Uni Internasional untuk Konservasi Alam</a> (IUCN). Populasinya telah turun lebih dari 50% dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Pada 2016, IUCN memperkirakan populasi banteng dunia berjumlah 8.000 ekor, dan sekitar 60% di antaranya berada di hutan-hutan kawasan timur Kamboja. Ancaman-ancaman utama terhadap populasi hewan ini antara lain <a href="/wiki/Perburuan_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Perburuan liar">perburuan liar</a> (untuk dimakan, olahraga, <a href="/wiki/Pengobatan_tradisional" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengobatan tradisional">obat tradisional</a> atau untuk diambil tanduknya), <a href="/wiki/Fragmentasi_habitat" title="Fragmentasi habitat">fragmentasi habitat</a>, berkurangnya habitat, dan ancaman penyakit. Kini banteng liar berstatus dilindungi di seluruh negara tempat tinggal alamiahnya, termasuk Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, dan Kamboja. Sebagian besar hanya ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_perlindungan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan perlindungan">kawasan perlindungan</a> (kecuali mungkin Kamboja).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bos_javanicus,_(wild)_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_(20536293581).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg/220px-Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg/330px-Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg/440px-Bos_javanicus%2C_%28wild%29_Banteng_-_Huai_Kha_Khaeng_%2820536293581%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5483" data-file-height="3659" /></a><figcaption>Sekawanan banteng di <a href="/wiki/Suaka_Alam_Huai_Kha_Khaeng" title="Suaka Alam Huai Kha Khaeng">Suaka Alam Huai Kha Khaeng</a> (Thailand)</figcaption></figure> <p>Survei di Kamboja Timur antara tahun 2008 hingga 2011 menunjukkan populasi banteng sejumlah 1.980–5.170 di <a href="/wiki/Suaka_Alam_Sre_Pok" title="Suaka Alam Sre Pok">Suaka Alam Sre Pok</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Suaka_Alam_Phnom_Prich" title="Suaka Alam Phnom Prich">Phnom Prich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Survei yang dilakukan pada tahun-tahun selanjutnya (hingga 2016) yang juga melibatkan kawasan sekitarnya (termasuk Hutan Perlindungan Seima) menghasilkan perkiraan 4.600 ekor banteng. Di luar Kamboja, populasi banteng berjumlah kecil, terfragmentasi, dan banyak mengalami penurunan. Di Thailand, satu-satunya populasi banteng yang berjumlah lebih dari 50 ekor berada di <a href="/wiki/Suaka_Alam_Huai_Kha_Khaeng" title="Suaka Alam Huai Kha Khaeng">Suaka Alam Huai Kha Khaeng</a> dan kemungkinan <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Kaeng_Krachan" title="Taman Nasional Kaeng Krachan">Taman Nasional Kaeng Krachan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Survei antara 2000 dan 2003 di Jawa menemukan empat atau lima populasi besar, dengan angka tertinggi di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Jawa Barat (300 hingga 800 ekor), serta Taman Nasional Baluran (206 ekor) dan <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Meru_Betiri" title="Taman Nasional Meru Betiri">Taman Nasional Meru Betiri</a> (200 ekor), keduanya terletak di Jawa Timur.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Survei di Jawa Timur antara tahun 2011 dan 2013 mencatat penurunan populasi banteng secara drastis di Taman Nasional Baluran dan populasi yang stabil di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Para peneliti menyebut perburuan liar, gangguan habitat, persaingan dengan spesies lain, perubahan <a href="/wiki/Vegetasi" title="Vegetasi">vegetasi</a>, dan hilangnya habitat sebagai ancaman utama.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Pulau Kalimantan, populasinya juga menurun akibat gangguan manusia dan perburuan liar. Antara 1970 hingga 2000 terjadi penurunan lebih dari 50% akibat <a href="/wiki/Penggundulan_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Penggundulan hutan">penggundulan hutan</a> yang digantikan oleh lahan perkebunan. Di Sabah, sejumlah kecil populasi banteng telah dilaporkan di <a href="/wiki/Suaka_Alam_Kulamba" title="Suaka Alam Kulamba">Suaka Alam Kulamba</a>, Hutan Simpan Deramakot, dan <a href="/wiki/Hutan_Simpan_Sipitang" title="Hutan Simpan Sipitang">Hutan Simpan Sipitang</a> antara 2009 dan 2015. Beberapa ekor banteng juga mungkin masih tersisa di kawasan Belantikan Hulu (<a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Tengah" title="Kalimantan Tengah">Kalimantan Tengah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Kayan_Mentarang" title="Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang">Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalimantan_Utara" title="Kalimantan Utara">Kalimantan Utara</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Kutai" title="Taman Nasional Kutai">Taman Nasional Kutai</a> (Kalimantan Timur).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kemungkinan ancaman lain terhadap "kemurnian" genetik banteng adalah <a href="/wiki/Introgresi" title="Introgresi">introgresi</a> atau masuknya gen dari spesies kerabat yang hidup di lokasi yang sama dengan tempat tinggal alamiah banteng atau akibat program persilangan buatan.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fao_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contohnya di Sabah, hal ini disebut sebagai masalah besar oleh IUCN karena adanya kerbau yang dapat kawin dengan banteng, dan kurangnya <a href="/wiki/Keanekaragaman_genetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Keanekaragaman genetika">keanekaragaman genetika</a> banteng liar akibat populasi yang terfragmentasi. Namun, baru sedikit penelitian genetika yang dilakukan untuk memastikan akibat persilangan seperti ini terhadap kelestarian banteng.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemerintah Provinsi Bali melarang jenis sapi lain dan melarang dikeluarkannya bibit sapi bali betina dari provinsi ini untuk mempertahankan "kemurnian" gen sapi bali.<sup id="cite_ref-Susilawati2017_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susilawati2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fao_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kloning">Kloning</h3></div> <p>Banteng adalah spesies terancam kedua yang berhasil diklon, dan yang pertama yang klonnya mampu bertahan hidup hingga dewasa (pengklonan pertama dilakukan terhadap seladang, tetapi mati saat berumur dua hari).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengklonan ini dilakukan oleh ilmuwan di perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Astellas_Institute_for_Regenerative_Medicine" title="Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine">Advanced Cell Technology</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a> dengan cara mengekstraksi <a href="/wiki/Asam_deoksiribonukleat" title="Asam deoksiribonukleat">DNA</a> dari sel kulit banteng jantan yang telah mati, yang telah dibekukan di fasilitas "Kebun Binatang Beku" milik <a href="/wiki/Kebun_Binatang_San_Diego" title="Kebun Binatang San Diego">Kebun Binatang San Diego</a>, Kalifornia, AS. Sel itu lalu dipindahkan ke sel-sel telur sapi betina lokal melalui proses yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Transer_inti_sel_somatik" title="Transer inti sel somatik">transer inti sel somatik</a>. Dari proses ini dihasilkan 30 <a href="/wiki/Embrio" title="Embrio">embrio</a> yang dikirim ke perusahaan bernama Trans Ova Genetics, yang kemudian ditanam ke induk sapi lokal. Dua di antaranya dikandung hingga akhir kehamilan dan dilahirkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Operasi_sesar" title="Operasi sesar">operasi sesar</a>. Banteng pertama lahir pada 1 April 2003 dan yang kedua pada 3 April. Bayi kedua dimatikan melalui <a href="/wiki/Eutanasia" title="Eutanasia">eutanasia</a> karena mengalami kelainan <a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/lewah_tumbuh" class="extiw" title="wikt:lewah tumbuh">lewah tumbuh</a>, tetapi bayi pertama hidup selama tujuh tahun di Kebun Binatang San Diego hingga meninggal pada April 2010, ketika kakinya patah dan selanjutnya dieutanasia.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGardner,_P.Hedges,_S.Pudyatmoko,_S.Gray,_T.N.E.2016" class="citation journal">Gardner, P.; Hedges, S.; Pudyatmoko, S.; Gray, T.N.E. & Timmins, R.J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2888/46362970">"<i>Bos javanicus</i> (Banteng)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 Juni</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bos+javanicus+%28Banteng%29&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Gardner%2C+P.&rft.au=Hedges%2C+S.&rft.au=Pudyatmoko%2C+S.&rft.au=Gray%2C+T.N.E.&rft.au=Timmins%2C+R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F2888%2F46362970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn2008_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTimmins,_R.J.Duckworth,_J.W.Hedges,_S.Steinmetz,_R.2008" class="citation journal">Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Hedges, S.; Steinmetz, R. & Pattanavibool, A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2888/9490684">"<i>Bos javanicus</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">29 Maret</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bos+javanicus&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Timmins%2C+R.J.&rft.au=Duckworth%2C+J.W.&rft.au=Hedges%2C+S.&rft.au=Steinmetz%2C+R.&rft.au=Pattanavibool%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F2888%2F9490684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msw3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msw3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msw3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrubb2005" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Grubb_(zoologis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Grubb (zoologis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Grubb, P.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200683">"<i>Bos javanicus</i>"</a>. Dalam Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA691"><i>Mammal Species of the World</i></a> (edisi ke-3). Percetakan Unoversitas Johns Hopkins. hlm. 691. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8018-8221-0">978-0-8018-8221-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bos+javanicus&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&rft.pages=691&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Percetakan+Unoversitas+Johns+Hopkins&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14200683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|trans_title=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lebih dari satu parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pages=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|page=</code> yang digunakan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#redundant_parameters" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hooijer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hooijer_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hooijer_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hooijer_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hooijer_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Albert_Hooijer" title="Dirk Albert Hooijer">Hooijer, D. A.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149669">"The valid name of the banteng: <i>Bibos javanicus</i> (d'Alton)"</a>. <i>Zoologische Mededelingen uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie et Leiden (Zoological Notices published by the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden)</i>. <b>34</b> (14): 223–226. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407041640/https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149669">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoologische+Mededelingen+uitgegeven+door+het+Rijksmuseum+van+Natuurlijke+Historie+et+Leiden+%28Zoological+Notices+published+by+the+National+Museum+of+Natural+History+in+Leiden%29&rft.atitle=The+valid+name+of+the+banteng%3A+Bibos+javanicus+%28d%27Alton%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=223-226&rft.aulast=Hooijer&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.naturalis.nl%2Fdocument%2F149669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d'alton-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d'alton_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d'alton_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Joseph_d%27Alton" title="Eduard Joseph d'Alton">d'Alton, E. J.</a> (1823). <i>Die Skelete der Wiederkauer, abgebildet und verglichen</i> [<i>The Skeletons of the Ruminants, shown and compared</i>] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Bonn: E. Weber. hlm. plate VIII, gambar c dan d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Skelete+der+Wiederkauer%2C+abgebildet+und+verglichen&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pages=plate+VIII%2C+gambar+c+dan+d&rft.pub=E.+Weber&rft.date=1823&rft.au=d%27Alton%2C+E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Banteng">"Banteng"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 Mei</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Banteng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FBanteng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wilkinson, R. J. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8SESAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16">"Banteng"</a>. <i>An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (Romanised)</i>. Kuala Lumpur: F. M. S. Government Press. hlm. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banteng&rft.btitle=An+Abridged+Malay-English+Dictionary+%28Romanised%29&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=F.+M.+S.+Government+Press&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8SESAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gardner, P. C.; Pudyatmoko, S.; Bhumpakphan, N.; Yindee, M.; Ambu, D. L. N; Goossens, B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/ecology-evolution-and-behaviour-of-wild-cattle/banteng-bos-javanicus-dalton-1823/54C2CFAC2C9EA1BF780E4CCB16E7F191">"Banteng Bos javanicus d'Alton, 1823"</a>. Dalam Melletti, M. dan Burton, J. <i>Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609105737/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/ecology-evolution-and-behaviour-of-wild-cattle/banteng-bos-javanicus-dalton-1823/54C2CFAC2C9EA1BF780E4CCB16E7F191">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banteng+Bos+javanicus+d%E2%80%99Alton%2C+1823&rft.btitle=Ecology%2C+Evolution+and+Behaviour+of+Wild+Cattle&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Gardner%2C+P.+C.&rft.au=Pudyatmoko%2C+S.&rft.au=Bhumpakphan%2C+N.&rft.au=Yindee%2C+M.&rft.au=Ambu%2C+D.+L.+N&rft.au=Goossens%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fecology-evolution-and-behaviour-of-wild-cattle%2Fbanteng-bos-javanicus-dalton-1823%2F54C2CFAC2C9EA1BF780E4CCB16E7F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pennant_1800_35-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pennant_1800_35_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pennant_1800_35_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Pennant, T.</a> (1800). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F3ZdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Outlines of the Globe: The View of the Malyan Isles, New Holland, and the Spicy Islands</i></a>. <b>IV</b>. London: Henry Hughes. hlm. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+of+the+Globe%3A+The+View+of+the+Malyan+Isles%2C+New+Holland%2C+and+the+Spicy+Islands&rft.place=London&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Henry+Hughes&rft.date=1800&rft.aulast=Pennant&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF3ZdAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castello-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-castello_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Castelló, J. R. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zWyYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA630">"Genus <i>Bos</i>: Banteng"</a>. <i>Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. hlm. 630–635. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-16717-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-16717-6">978-0-691-16717-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genus+Bos%3A+Banteng&rft.btitle=Bovids+of+the+World%3A+Antelopes%2C+Gazelles%2C+Cattle%2C+Goats%2C+Sheep%2C+and+Relatives&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=630-635&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16717-6&rft.aulast=Castell%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzWyYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015study-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2015study_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Matsubayashi, H.; Hanzawa, K.; Kono, T.; Ishige, T.; Gakuhari, T.; Lagan, P.; Sunjoto, I.; Sukor, J. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalia&rft.atitle=First+molecular+data+on+Bornean+banteng+Bos+javanicus+lowi+%28Cetartiodactyla%2C+Bovidae%29+from+Sabah%2C+Malaysian+Borneo&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fmammalia-2013-0052&rft.aulast=Matsubayashi&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Hanzawa%2C+K.&rft.au=Kono%2C+T.&rft.au=Ishige%2C+T.&rft.au=Gakuhari%2C+T.&rft.au=Lagan%2C+P.&rft.au=Sunjoto%2C+I.&rft.au=Sukor%2C+J.+R.+A.&rft.au=Sinun%2C+W.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F260944693_First_molecular_data_on_Bornean_banteng_Bos_javanicus_lowi_Cetartiodactyla_Bovidae_from_Sabah_Malaysian_Borneo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ishige, T.; Gakuhari, T.; Hanzawa, K.; Kono, T.; Sunjoto, I.; Sukor, J. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Life+Science&rft.atitle=Recent+status+of+banteng+%28Bos+javanicus%29+conservation+in+East+Java+and+its+perspectives+on+ecotourism+planning&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=152-157&rft.aulast=Hakim&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Guntoro%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Waluyo%2C+J.&rft.au=Sulastini%2C+D.&rft.au=Hartanto%2C+L.&rft.au=Nakagoshi%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F8d71%2F875929344d6329db8f9729868f73aeedc3f5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-biotechnology_2003-05_21_5/page/473">"In brief"</a>. <i>Nature Biotechnology</i>. <b>21</b> (5): 473–475. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnbt0503-473">10.1038/nbt0503-473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=In+brief&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=473-475&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnbt0503-473&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_nature-biotechnology_2003-05_21_5%2Fpage%2F473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/banteng-clone-leads-charge-for-endangered-animals-20030409-gdgklk.html">"Banteng clone leads charge for endangered animals"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 9 April 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610215740/https://www.smh.com.au/world/banteng-clone-leads-charge-for-endangered-animals-20030409-gdgklk.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 Mei</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Banteng+clone+leads+charge+for+endangered+animals&rft.date=2003-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fbanteng-clone-leads-charge-for-endangered-animals-20030409-gdgklk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061023235648/http://www.advancedcell.com/press-release/collaborative-effort-yields-endangered-species-clone">"Collaborative effort yields endangered species clone"</a>. <i>Advanced Cell Technology</i>. 8 April 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advancedcell.com/press-release/collaborative-effort-yields-endangered-species-clone">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 Oktober 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Cell+Technology&rft.atitle=Collaborative+effort+yields+endangered+species+clone&rft.date=2003-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.advancedcell.com%2Fpress-release%2Fcollaborative-effort-yields-endangered-species-clone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ro, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180328-the-increasingly-realistic-prospect-of-extinct-animal-zoos">"The increasingly realistic prospect of 'extinct animal' zoos"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601041239/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20180328-the-increasingly-realistic-prospect-of-extinct-animal-zoos">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 Mei</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+increasingly+realistic+prospect+of+%E2%80%98extinct+animal%E2%80%99+zoos&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20180328-the-increasingly-realistic-prospect-of-extinct-animal-zoos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABanteng" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603103846/http://bibit.ditjenpkh.pertanian.go.id/content/sapi-bali">"Sapi Bali"</a>. <i>Direktorat Perbibitan dan Produksi Ternak, <a href="/wiki/Direktorat_Jenderal_Peternakan_dan_Kesehatan_Hewan" title="Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan">Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan</a></i>. 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class="mw-redirect" title="Aepycerotinae">Aepycerotinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aepyceros" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aepyceros" title="Aepyceros">Aepyceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala (<i>A. melampus</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alcelaphinae" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alcelaphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcelaphus">Alcelaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Hartebeest (<i>A. buselaphus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hartebeest_merah" title="Hartebeest merah">Hartebeest merah (<i>A. caama</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hartebeest_lichtenstein" title="Hartebeest lichtenstein">Hartebeest lichtenstein (<i>A. lichtensteinii</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Beatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Hirola (<i>B. hunteri</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildebeest"><i>Connochaetes</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest_hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildebeest hitam">Wildebeest hitam (<i>C. gnou</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wildebeest_biru" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildebeest biru">Wildebeest biru (<i>C. taurinus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaliscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaliscus (halaman belum tersedia)">Damaliscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Topi_(hewan)" title="Topi (hewan)">Topi (<i>D. korrigum</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsessebe" title="Tsessebe">Tsessebe (<i>D. lunatus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bontebok" title="Bontebok">Bontebok (<i>D. pygargus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsessebe_bangweulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsessebe bangweulu (halaman belum tersedia)">Tsessebe bangweulu (<i>D. superstes</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammodorcas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammodorcas (halaman belum tersedia)">Ammodorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibatag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibatag (halaman belum tersedia)">Dibatag (<i>A. clarkei</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antidorcas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antidorcas (halaman belum tersedia)">Antidorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Springbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Springbok">Springbok (<i>A. marsupialis</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Antilope" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilope">Antilope</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antelop_india" class="mw-redirect" title="Antelop india">Antelop india (<i>A. cervicapr</i>a)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Dorcatragus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorcatragus">Dorcatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelop)" title="Beira (antelop)">Beira (<i>D. megalotis</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eudorcas" title="Eudorcas">Eudorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_berwajah_merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel berwajah merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel berwajah merah (<i>E. rufifrons</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gazel_thomson" title="Gazel thomson">Gazel thomson (<i>E. thomsonii</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_heuglin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel heuglin (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel heuglin (<i>E. tilonura</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_mongalla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel mongalla (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel mongalla (<i>E. albonotata</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Gazella" title="Gazella">Gazella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gazel_arabia" title="Gazel arabia">Gazel arabia (<i>G. arabica</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara (<i>G. bennettii</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gazel_cuvier" title="Gazel cuvier">Gazel cuvier (<i>G. cuvieri</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gazel_dorkas" title="Gazel dorkas">Gazel dorkas (<i>G. dorcas</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gazel_gunung" title="Gazel gunung">Gazel gunung (<i>G. gazella)</i></a> - <a href="/wiki/Gazel_rim" title="Gazel rim">Gazel rim (<i>G. leptoceros</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_speke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel speke (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel speke (<i>G. spekei</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gazel_ekor-hitam" title="Gazel ekor-hitam">Gazel ekor-hitam (<i>G. subgutturosa</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Litocranius" class="mw-redirect" title="Litocranius">Litocranius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk (<i>L. walleri</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madoqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madoqua (halaman belum tersedia)">Madoqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dik-dik_G%C3%BCnther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dik-dik Günther (halaman belum tersedia)">Dik-dik Günther (<i>M. guentheri</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dik-dik_Kirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dik-dik Kirk (halaman belum tersedia)">Dik-dik Kirk (<i>M. kirkii</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dik-dik_perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dik-dik perak (halaman belum tersedia)">Dik-dik perak (<i>M. piacentinii</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dik-dik_Salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dik-dik Salt (halaman belum tersedia)">Dik-dik Salt (<i>M. saltiana</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanger (halaman belum tersedia)">Nanger</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_dama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel dama (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel dama (<i>N. dama</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gazel_grant" title="Gazel grant">Gazel grant (<i>N. granti</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gazel_soemmerring" title="Gazel soemmerring">Gazel soemmerring (<i>N. soemmerringii</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neotragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Neotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antelop_kerdil_Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antelop kerdil Bates (halaman belum tersedia)">Antelop kerdil Bates (<i>N. batesi</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suni_(hewan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suni (hewan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Suni (<i>N. moschatus</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antelop_kerajaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antelop kerajaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Antelop kerajaan (<i>N. pygmaeus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreotragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreotragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Oreotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klipspringer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klipspringer (halaman belum tersedia)">Klipspringer (<i>O. oreotragus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ourebia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourebia">Ourebia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Oribi (<i>O. ourebi</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procapra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procapra (halaman belum tersedia)">Procapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zeren" title="Zeren">Zeren (<i>P. gutturosa</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Goa_(antelop)" title="Goa (antelop)">Goa (<i>P. picticaudata</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazel_Przewalski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazel Przewalski (halaman belum tersedia)">Gazel Przewalski (<i>P. przewalskii</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphicerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raphicerus (halaman belum tersedia)">Raphicerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steenbok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steenbok (halaman belum tersedia)">Steenbok (R. campestris)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grysbok_selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grysbok selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Grysbok selatan (<i>R. melanotis</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grysbok_Sharpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grysbok Sharpe (halaman belum tersedia)">Grysbok Sharpe (<i>R. sharpei</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Saiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiga">Saiga</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antelop_saiga" title="Antelop saiga">Antelop saiga (<i>S. tatarica</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">Bison</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bison_amerika" title="Bison amerika">Bison amerika (<i>B. bison</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bison_eropa" title="Bison eropa">Bison eropa (<i>B. bonasus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bos_(genus)" title="Bos (genus)">Bos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal (<i>B. frontalis</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seladang" title="Seladang">Seladang (<i>B. gaurus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak domestik (<i>B. grunniens</i>)</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Banteng (<i>B. javanicus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yak_liar" title="Yak liar">Yak liar (<i>B. mutus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kouprey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kouprey (halaman belum tersedia)">Kouprey (<i>B. sauveli</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sapi" title="Sapi">Sapi (<i>B. taurus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Boselaphus" title="Boselaphus">Boselaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai (<i>B. tragocamelus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerbau" title="Kerbau">Kerbau (<i>B. bubalis</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Kerbau_liar" title="Kerbau liar">Kerbau liar (<i>B. arnee</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Anoa" title="Anoa">Anoa dataran rendah (<i>B. depressicornis</i>)</a> -<a href="/wiki/Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">Tamaraw (<i>B. mindorensis</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Anoa_pegunungan" title="Anoa pegunungan">Anoa pegunungan (<i>B. quarlesi</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoryx" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoryx">Pseudoryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Saola (<i>P. nghetinhensis</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Syncerus" title="Syncerus">Syncerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerbau_afrika" title="Kerbau afrika">Kerbau afrika (<i>S. caffer</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taurotragus" title="Taurotragus">Taurotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Eland_raksasa" title="Eland raksasa">Eland raksasa (<i>T. derbianus</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eland_umum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eland umum (halaman belum tersedia)">Eland umum (<i>T. oryx</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetracerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetracerus (halaman belum tersedia)">Tetracerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antelop_bertanduk_empat" title="Antelop bertanduk empat">Antelop bertanduk empat (<i>T. quadricornis</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tragelaphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tragelaphus (halaman belum tersedia)">Tragelaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala (<i>T. angasii</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyala_pegunungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyala pegunungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Nyala pegunungan (<i>T. buxtoni</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelop)" title="Bongo (antelop)">Bongo (<i>T. eurycerus</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudu_kecil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kudu kecil (halaman belum tersedia)">Kudu kecil (<i>T. imberbis</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A9wel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kéwel (halaman belum tersedia)">Kéwel (<i>T. scriptus</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga (<i>T. spekii</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudu_raksasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kudu raksasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kudu raksasa (<i>T. strepsiceros</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammotragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammotragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Ammotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domba_barbary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domba barbary (halaman belum tersedia)">Domba barbary (<i>A. lervia</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budorcas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budorcas (halaman belum tersedia)">Budorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Takin (<i>B. taxicolor</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Capra" title="Capra">Capra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kambing_liar" title="Kambing liar">Kambing liar (<i>C. aegagrus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kambing" title="Kambing">Kambing domestik (<i>C. aegagrus hircus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tur_kaukasus_barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tur kaukasus barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Tur kaukasus barat (<i>C. caucasica</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tur_kaukasus_timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tur kaukasus timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Tur kaukasus timur (C. cylindricornis)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Markhor" title="Markhor">Markhor (<i>C. falconeri</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibex_Alpen" title="Ibex Alpen">Ibex alpin (<i>C. ibex</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibex_nubia" title="Ibex nubia">Ibex nubia (<i>C. nubiana</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibex_spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibex spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibex spanyol (<i>C. pyrenaica</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ibex_siberia" title="Ibex siberia">Ibex siberia (<i>C. sibirica</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibex_walia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibex walia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibex walia (<i>C. walie</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capricornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capricornis (halaman belum tersedia)">Capricornis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kambing-hutan_jepang" title="Kambing-hutan jepang">Kambing-hutan jepang (<i>C. crispus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambing-hutan_cina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambing-hutan cina (halaman belum tersedia)">Kambing-hutan cina (<i>C. milneedwardsii</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambing-hutan_merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambing-hutan merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kambing-hutan merah (<i>C. rubidus</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kambing-hutan_sumatra" title="Kambing-hutan sumatra">Kambing-hutan sumatra (<i>C. sumatraensis</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambing-hutan_taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambing-hutan taiwan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kambing-hutan taiwan (<i>C. swinhoei</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kambing-hutan_himalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kambing-hutan himalaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kambing-hutan himalaya (<i>C. thar</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemitragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemitragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Hemitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahr_nilgiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahr nilgiri (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahr nilgiri (<i>H. hylocrius</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tahr_arab" title="Tahr arab">Tahr arab (<i>H. jayakari</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahr_himalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahr himalaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahr himalaya (<i>H. jemlahicus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naemorhedus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naemorhedus (halaman belum tersedia)">Naemorhedus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goral_merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goral merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Goral merah (<i>N. baileyi</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goral_ekor_panjang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goral ekor panjang (halaman belum tersedia)">Goral ekor panjang (<i>N. caudatus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goral_abu-abu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goral abu-abu (halaman belum tersedia)">Goral abu-abu (<i>N. goral</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goral_cina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goral cina (halaman belum tersedia)">Goral cina (<i>N. griseus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreamnos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreamnos (halaman belum tersedia)">Oreamnos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kambing_gunung" title="Kambing gunung">Kambing gunung (<i>O. americanus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ovibos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovibos">Ovibos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox (<i>O. moschatus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Argali" title="Argali">Argali (<i>O. ammon</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domba" title="Domba">Domba (<i>O. aries</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domba_bertanduk_besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Domba bertanduk besar">Domba bertanduk besar (<i>O. canadensis</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domba_dall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domba dall (halaman belum tersedia)">Domba dall (<i>O. dalli</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domba_salju" title="Domba salju">Domba salju (<i>O. nivicola</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pantholops" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantholops">Pantholops</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antelop_tibet" title="Antelop tibet">Antelop tibet (<i>P. hodgsonii</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudois (halaman belum tersedia)">Pseudois</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bharal" title="Bharal">Bharal (<i>P. nayaur</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domba_biru_kerdil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domba biru kerdil (halaman belum tersedia)">Domba biru kerdil (<i>P. schaefer</i>i)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupicapra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupicapra (halaman belum tersedia)">Rupicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamois_pirenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamois pirenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Chamois pirenia (<i>R. pyrenaica</i>)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Chamois (<i>R. rupicapra</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cephalophus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cephalophus (halaman belum tersedia)">Cephalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Duiker_aders" title="Duiker aders">Duiker aders (<i>C. adersi</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duiker_brooke" title="Duiker brooke">Duiker brooke (<i>C. brookei</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duiker_peter" title="Duiker peter">Duiker peter (<i>C. callipygus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_teluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker teluk (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker teluk (<i>C. dorsalis</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_harvey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker harvey (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker harvey (<i>C. harveyi</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_jetink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker jetink (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker jetink (<i>C. jentinki</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_perut-putih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker perut-putih (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker perut-putih (<i>C. leucogaster</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker-hutan_merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker-hutan merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker-hutan merah (<i>C. natalensis</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duiker_hitam" title="Duiker hitam">Duiker hitam (<i>C. niger</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_dahi_hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker dahi hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker dahi hitam (<i>C. nigrifrons</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_ogilby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker ogilby (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker ogilby (<i>C. ogilbyi</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_leher-merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker leher-merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker leher-merah (<i>C. rufilatus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_punggung-kuning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker punggung-kuning (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker punggung-kuning (<i>C. silvicultor</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_abbot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker abbot (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker abbot (<i>C. spadix</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_weyns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker weyns (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker weyns (<i>C. weynsi</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_zebra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker zebra (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker zebra (<i>C. zebra</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Philantomba" title="Philantomba">Philantomba</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_maxwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker maxwell (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker maxwell (<i>P. maxwelli</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duiker_biru" title="Duiker biru">Duiker biru (<i>P. monticola</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duiker_walter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duiker walter (halaman belum tersedia)">Duiker walter (<i>P. walteri</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker_umum" title="Duiker umum">Sylvicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Duiker_umum" title="Duiker umum">Duiker umum (<i>S. grimmia</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippotraginae" title="Hippotraginae">Hippotraginae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Addax" class="mw-redirect" title="Addax">Addax</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adaks" title="Adaks">Adaks (<i>A. nasomaculatus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippotragus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippotragus (halaman belum tersedia)">Hippotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antelop_dauk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antelop dauk (halaman belum tersedia)">Antelop dauk (<i>H. equinus</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antelop_hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antelop hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Antelop hitam (<i>H. niger</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Oryx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryx">Oryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Oriks_afrika_timur" title="Oriks afrika timur">Oriks afrika timur (<i>O. beisa</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oriks_simitar" title="Oriks simitar">Oriks simitar (<i>O. dammah</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok (<i>O. gazella</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oriks_arab" title="Oriks arab">Oriks arab (<i>O. leucoryx</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reduncinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reduncinae (halaman belum tersedia)">Reduncinae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kobus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upemba_lechwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upemba lechwe (halaman belum tersedia)">Upemba lechwe (<i>K. anselli</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Waterbuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck (<i>K. ellipsiprymnus</i>)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kob (halaman belum tersedia)">Kob (<i>K. kob</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lechwe" title="Lechwe">Lechwe (<i>K. leche</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lechwe_nil" title="Lechwe nil">Lechwe nil (<i>K. megaceros</i>)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Puku" title="Puku">Puku (<i>K. vardonii</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelea (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebok_abu-abu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebok abu-abu (halaman belum tersedia)">Rebok abu-abu (<i>P. capreolus</i>)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redunca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redunca (halaman belum tersedia)">Redunca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reedbuck_selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reedbuck selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Reedbuck selatan (<i>R. arundinum</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reedbuck_pegunungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reedbuck pegunungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Reedbuck pegunungan (<i>R. fulvorufula</i>)</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reedbuck_bohor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reedbuck bohor (halaman belum tersedia)">Reedbuck bohor (<i>R. redunca</i>)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pengidentifikasi_takson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Pengidentifikasi_takson" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi_takson" title="Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi takson">Pengidentifikasi takson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183035" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q183035">Q183035</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_javanicus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bos javanicus">Bos javanicus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bos_javanicus/">Bos_javanicus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Bos_(Bibos)_javanicus">Bos_(Bibos)_javanicus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/bos-javanicus/">bos-javanicus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/439">439</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1037711">1037711</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=149698">149698</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2441027">2441027</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42403">42403</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10210657">10210657</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=552760">552760</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/2888">2888</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14200683">14200683</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9906">9906</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=2755">2755</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" 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