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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Jiddisch" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Språket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Fonologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språkets_namn_och_skrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språkets_namn_och_skrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Språkets namn och skrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språkets_namn_och_skrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_som_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_som_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Status som språk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Status_som_språk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Status som språk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Status_som_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiska_autonoma_länet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiska_autonoma_länet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Judiska autonoma länet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiska_autonoma_länet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukrainska_folkrepubliken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukrainska_folkrepubliken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Ukrainska folkrepubliken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukrainska_folkrepubliken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>USA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tryckta_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tryckta_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Tryckta källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tryckta_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jiddisch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 133 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jiddisj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddische_Sprache" title="Jiddische Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jiddische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AA%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9B" title="ዪዲሽኛ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዪዲሽኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اليديشية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اليديشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddisch" title="Yiddisch – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yiddisch" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidich%C2%B7e" title="Yidich·e – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Yidich·e" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0di%C5%9F_dili" title="İdiş dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdiş dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="য়িদ্দিশ ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="য়িদ্দিশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yiddis" title="Basa Yiddis – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Yiddis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish-g%C3%AD" title="Yiddish-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yiddish-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Ідыш – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Ідыш – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ідыш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Yidis" title="Tataramon na Yidis – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Yidis" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yideg" title="Yideg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yideg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ddix" title="Ídix – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ídix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iddew-Almaeneg" title="Iddew-Almaeneg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iddew-Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddisch" title="Yiddisch – Pennsylvaniatyska" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Yiddisch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniatyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jidišćina – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jidišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1i_keel" title="Jidiši keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jidiši keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Γίντις – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γίντις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidis" title="Yidis – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yidis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jido_(lingvo)" title="Jido (lingvo) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jido (lingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="زبان ییدیش – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ییدیش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_bhasa" title="Yiddish bhasa – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yiddish bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Jiddiskt mál – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jiddiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddysk" title="Jiddysk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jiddysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghi%C3%BAdais" title="An Ghiúdais – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghiúdais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewdish" title="Ewdish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ewdish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B9dais" title="Iùdais – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iùdais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="意第緒語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌾𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish-ng%C3%AE" title="Yiddish-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yiddish-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%94%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4" title="이디시어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이디시어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B7" title="Իդիշ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իդիշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यिद्दी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यिद्दी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jidišćina – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jidišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidisha_linguo" title="Yidisha linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yidisha linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Yidis" title="Pagsasao a Yidis – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Yidis" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddi" title="Bahasa Yiddi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yiddi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddic" title="Yiddic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Yiddic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidd%C3%ADska" title="Jiddíska – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jiddíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יידיש – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יידיש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Yiddish" title="Basa Yiddish – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="იდიში – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იდიში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yedhowek" title="Yedhowek – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yedhowek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiddish" title="Kiyiddish – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyiddish" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_y%C3%AEd%C3%AE%C5%9F" title="Zimanê yîdîş – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê yîdîş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idish" title="Idish – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Idish" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Iudaeo-Germanica" title="Lingua Iudaeo-Germanica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Iudaeo-Germanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1s" title="Jidišs – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jidišs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_yiddish" title="Lengua yiddish – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ides" title="Ides – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ides" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddis_nyelv" title="Jiddis nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jiddis nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Јидиш – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јидиш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_idisy" title="Fiteny idisy – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny idisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" title="യിദ്ദിഷ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യിദ്ദിഷ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="यिडिश भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यिडिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="იდიში – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იდიში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="ييديش – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ييديش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="ییدیش – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ییدیش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddish" title="Bahasa Yiddish – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jiddisj" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="イディッシュ語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イディッシュ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidisk" title="Jidisk – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jidisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jiddisch" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Идиш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Идиш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idish" title="Idish – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Idish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯਿੱਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਿੱਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="یدش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یدش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ييديشي ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ييديشي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddische_Spraak" title="Jiddische Spraak – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jiddische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidysz" title="Jidysz – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jidysz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_i%C3%ADdiche" title="Língua iídiche – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua iídiche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9F_tili" title="Yidiş tili – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yidiş tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_idi%C8%99" title="Limba idiș – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba idiș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yithish_simi" title="Yithish simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yithish simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Идиш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱭᱤᱫᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱤᱫᱫᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_leid" title="Yiddish leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yiddish leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidish" title="Jidish – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jidish" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yiddish" title="Lingua yiddish – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua yiddish" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidisz" title="Jidisz – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jidisz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="زمانی یدیش – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی یدیش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Јидиш (језик) – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јидиш (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jidiš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekommenderad artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddi%C5%A1" title="Jiddiš – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jiddiš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Yidis" title="Wikang Yidis – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Yidis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இத்திய மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இத்திய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayidict" title="Tayidict – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tayidict" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Идиш теле – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Идиш теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="ภาษายิดดิช – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษายิดดิช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Забони Идиш – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони Идиш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9F" title="Yidiş – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yidiş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Їдиш – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Їдиш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یدیش زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یدیش زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Yiddish" title="Tiếng Yiddish – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="意第绪语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="意第绪语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="יידיש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יידיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%87" title="依地文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="依地文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yidi%C5%9Fki" title="Yidişki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yidişki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%97d%C4%97%C5%A1_kalba" title="Jėdėš kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jėdėš kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意第緒語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Yiddish" title="Jaku Yiddish – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Yiddish" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1i" title="Jidiši – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jidiši" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Jiddisch" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Jiddisch</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;"><i>ייִדיש</i></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flaggbild" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/42px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></span><br /><span class="flaggbild" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern">Mellanöstern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> och <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">ca 800 000 (4 milj. inkl. <a href="/wiki/Andraspr%C3%A5k" title="Andraspråk">andraspråkstalare</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">Indoeuropeiska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Germanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Västgermanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">Högtyska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">Tyska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centraltyska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centraltyska [inte skriven än]">Centraltyska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Jiddisch</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></div></div></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Hebreiska_alfabetet" title="Hebreiska alfabetet">Hebreiska alfabetet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Officiell status</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkmyndighet</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO</a> <i>de facto</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐1</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=">YI</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=">YID</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style="">–</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th><td class="" style="">YID</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jiddisch</b> (ייִדיש/<i>yidish</i> eller אידיש/<i>idish</i>, bokstavligen 'judiskt'), tidigare kallat <b>judetyska</b>, är ett <a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">germanskt språk</a> som talas som modersmål av omkring 800 000<sup id="cite_ref-ne_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Judar" title="Judar">judar</a> i hela världen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Språket uppstod under 1000-talet i det område som sedermera blev <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>. Strax före <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a> talades det globalt av cirka 11 miljoner (2/3 av alla judar), men <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rintelsen" title="Förintelsen">Förintelsen</a> innebar en minskning till cirka 5 miljoner talare. Därefter har mängden talare av språket fortsatt att minska, bland annat på grund av migration till <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, där efterföljande generationer i första hand kommit att tala <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">hebreiska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ne_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Förutom de modersmålstalande bedöms ytterligare cirka tre miljoner människor kunna tala språket. Jiddisch är ett av flera judiska språk och ett av de minsta nationella minoritetsspråken i <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a>. Namnet jiddisch betyder judiska. Andra judiska språk är t.ex. hebreiska, <a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">ladino</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arameiska" title="Arameiska">arameiska</a>. </p><p>I Sverige började jiddisch att användas på 1600–talet men först i slutet av 1700–talet uppstod en mer kontinuerlig användning. Före andra världskriget hade länder som <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Rumänien">Rumänien</a> en hög andel jiddischtalande. Genom emigration har jiddisch brett ut sig till <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Språket"><span id="Spr.C3.A5ket"></span>Språket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Språket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Språket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiddisch är en förening mellan två främmande <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilj" title="Språkfamilj">språkfamiljer</a>. Språket finns i flera <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> och skrivs med det <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska_alfabetet" title="Hebreiska alfabetet">hebreiska alfabetet</a>. Idag talas jiddisch av fyra miljoner människor och i städer som <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal">Montreal</a> är jiddisch ett <a href="/wiki/Vardagsspr%C3%A5k" title="Vardagsspråk">vardagsspråk</a>. </p><p>I jiddisch ingår dels de traditionella judiska språken hebreiska och arameiska, men även <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> och judiska dialekter.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fonologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vokaler"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Främre </th> <th>Mitten </th> <th>Bakre </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sluten</b> </td> <td>ɪ </td> <td> </td> <td>ʊ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mellanöppen</b> </td> <td>ɛ </td> <td>ɜ </td> <td>ɔ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Öppen</b> </td> <td>a </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_konsonant" title="Bilabial konsonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_konsonant" title="Labiodental konsonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_konsonant" title="Alveolar konsonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_konsonant" title="Postalveolar konsonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatalisering" title="Palatalisering">Palataliserade</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" title="Velar konsonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_konsonant" title="Glottal konsonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klusil" title="Klusil">Klusil</a></b> </td> <td>p | b </td> <td> </td> <td>t | d </td> <td> </td> <td>tʲ | dʲ </td> <td>k | g </td> <td>ʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nasal_konsonant" title="Nasal konsonant">Nasal</a></b> </td> <td>m </td> <td> </td> <td>n </td> <td> </td> <td>nʲ </td> <td>ŋ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tremulant_(fonetik)" title="Tremulant (fonetik)">Tremulant</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>r~ɾ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ʀ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Frikativa" title="Frikativa">Frikativ</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td>f | v </td> <td>s | z </td> <td>ʃ | ʒ </td> <td>sʲ | zʲ </td> <td>χ | ɤ </td> <td>h </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>j </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral approximant">Lateral approximant</a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>l </td> <td> </td> <td>ʎ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Språkets_namn_och_skrift"><span id="Spr.C3.A5kets_namn_och_skrift"></span>Språkets namn och skrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Språkets namn och skrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Språkets namn och skrift"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Språkets ursprungliga namn var <i>lashon-ashkenaz</i> (לשון-אַשכּנז = "<a href="/wiki/Ashkenazer" title="Ashkenazer">ashkenaz-språk</a>"), från det dåtida judiska namnet för detta område, och benämndes även <i>taytsh</i> (טײַטש), en variant av <i>tiutsch</i>, beteckningen på språket som för övrigt talades i den regionen (nutidens <i>Deutsch</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a>). I dagligt tal kallades språket för מאַמע-לשון (<i>mame-loshn</i> = "<a href="/wiki/Modersm%C3%A5l" title="Modersmål">modersmål</a>") för att särskilja det från לשון הקודש (Loshn-hakodesh = "det heliga språket") <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">hebreiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arameiska" title="Arameiska">arameiska</a>. Benämningen jiddisch används i litterära sammanhang men kom i bruk först under 1700-talet. I likhet med andra judiska språk som saknar släktskap med <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">hebreiska</a>, som <a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">ladino</a> (judeo-spanska) och <a href="/wiki/Iranska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iranska språk">dzhidi</a> (judeo-persiska), skrivs jiddisch med en egen variant av det <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska_alfabetet" title="Hebreiska alfabetet">hebreiska alfabetet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eftersom jiddisch och högtyska har ett gemensamt ursprung liknar de båda språken varandra i grammatisk uppbyggnad. Till exempel använder jiddisch ett något förenklat fyrkasussystem och verbböjningen liknar också tyskans. Däremot avviker jiddisch syntax markant från högtyska då ordföljden tämligen strikt följer mönstret <a href="/wiki/Subjekt-objekt-verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjekt-objekt-verb">subjekt-objekt-verb</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiddisch är baserat på <a href="/wiki/Medelh%C3%B6gtyska" class="mw-redirect" title="Medelhögtyska">medelhögtyska</a>, framför allt då medel<a href="/wiki/Rhenlandet" title="Rhenlandet">rhenländska</a>, men innehöll redan från början ett tydligt inslag av ord från <a href="/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska">hebreiskan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arameiska" title="Arameiska">arameiskan</a>. Allteftersom språkområdet spreds österut absorberades även väsentliga mängder <a href="/wiki/Slaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviska språk">slaviska språkelement</a>. Detta ledde med början under 1300-talet till en <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialektal</a> delning mellan västjiddisch och östjiddisch. Den senare delades därefter vidare i nord-, central-, och sydöstjiddisch.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tidigt under 1900-talet inleddes försök till att standardisera jiddisch <a href="/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi">rättstavning</a>. Detta ledde till en modern standardjiddisch, som till största del baserades på den nordöstliga dialekten som talades i <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> — <i>Litvish</i>. Detta accepterades så småningom i pedagogiska sammanhang, men hade ingen märkbar effekt på den dialektala variationen i vare sig dagligt tal eller litterära sammanhang förutom att sätta igång en debatt som alltjämt pågår<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> om huruvida någon form av standardisering var behövlig och hur den i så fall ska utformas. Det största antalet jiddischtalare tillhör den centrala dialektgruppen, <i><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Poylish</a></i>, följt av den sydöstra <i><a href="/wiki/Vitryssland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitryssland">Ukrainish</a></i>. Västjiddisch betraktas idag som utdött.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>När flera östeuropeiska städer under 1600- och 1700-talet utvecklades till centra för judiskt liv, blev jiddisch det dominerande språket för en stor del av Östeuropas judar. Det betraktades som ett vardagsspråk, till skillnad från hebreiskan som förblev språket för religiösa studier. Därför kom den sekulära judiska kultur som uppstod att använda sig av jiddisch. Under 1800-talet började detta utvecklas till att omfatta en litteratur som i alla avseenden kunde jämföras med den som skrevs på mer allmänt erkända "kulturspråk". Till de "tre stora" klassiska jiddischförfattarna räknades <a href="/wiki/Schalom_Jakob_Abramovitj" title="Schalom Jakob Abramovitj">Schalom Jakob Abramovitj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sholem_Aleichem" title="Sholem Aleichem">Sholem Aleichem</a> och <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Leib_Peretz" title="Isaac Leib Peretz">Isaac Leib Peretz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En annan viktig författare från mellankrigstiden är <a href="/wiki/Sholem_Asch" title="Sholem Asch">Sholem Asch</a>, som fortsatte att publicera på jiddisch efter <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg/250px-Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg/375px-Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg/500px-Women_voter_outreach_1935_English_Yiddish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="2277" /></a><figcaption>Valaffischer på <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> och jiddisch <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Från sent 1800-tal spreds jiddisch till USA som ett resultat av judisk migration och i New York utvecklades en jiddischspråkig dagspress med en omfattande upplaga (som existerar ännu idag fast med den dagliga utgivningen numera reducerad till veckovis). Inom den sionistiska rörelsen debatterades livligt om jiddisch eller den nyskapade moderna hebreiskan skulle bli det officiella språket. </p><p>Antalet jiddischtalande ökade fram till <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a> och 1935 uppskattades språket talas av omkring 10,7 miljoner människor världen över, varav över 63 procent fanns i östra Europa,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> främst <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andra_polska_republiken" title="Andra polska republiken">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_SSR" title="Ukrainska SSR">Ukrainska SSR</a> och <a href="/wiki/Vitryska_SSR" title="Vitryska SSR">Vitryska SSR</a>. I Ukrainska SSR, Vitryska SSR och <a href="/wiki/Judiska_autonoma_l%C3%A4net" title="Judiska autonoma länet">Judiska autonoma länet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> var jiddisch dessutom officiellt språk. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Yiddishsign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yiddishsign.JPG/250px-Yiddishsign.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yiddishsign.JPG/375px-Yiddishsign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yiddishsign.JPG/500px-Yiddishsign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Tvåspråkig skylt i <a href="/wiki/Ramapo,_New_York" title="Ramapo, New York">Ramapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a> där det finns etablerad jiddischtalande befolkning.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eftersom den tyska ockupationen av Polen och västra Sovjetunionen omfattade de områden där jiddisch var som livskraftigast, innebar <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rintelsen" title="Förintelsen">förintelsen</a> av Östeuropas judar 1941–1944 att hela den sammanhängande jiddisch-världen också utplånades, så när som på mindre ortodoxa grupper och invandrarsamhällen utanför Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jiddisch betraktas oftast som ett språk på väg att dö ut, med hög medelålder bland primärtalarna. Det fortlever dock bland vissa ortodoxa grupper i USA och Israel (som inte använder hebreiska i vardagliga sammanhang). Även om dessa är relativt begränsade till antalet, håller de på att växa genom en hög nativitet. Ett intresse för att bevara jiddischkulturen har också gjort att allt fler lär sig jiddisch för att återuppta den egna språktraditionen, respektive som ett främmande språk. Språket fick förnyad uppmärksamhet när den jiddisch-språkige författaren <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a> tilldelades <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_litteratur" title="Nobelpriset i litteratur">Nobelpriset i litteratur</a> 1978. Den israeliska sångerskan <a href="/wiki/Chava_Alberstein" title="Chava Alberstein">Chava Alberstein</a> har spelat in ett flertal folksånger på jiddisch. Bland filmer på språket kan nämnas <i><a href="/wiki/Menashe" title="Menashe">Menashe</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_som_språk"><span id="Status_som_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Status som språk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Status som språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Status som språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Finland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Finland"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiddisch, mer specifikt dess nordöstra dialekt, var på 1880-talet modersmål för nästan alla judar i Finland. Tyskan hade stor påverkan på jiddisch som användes i Finland. Användningen av jiddisch i Finland minskade på 1900-talet, ända till år 1930 sade bara sju procent av judarna i Finland att de använde jiddisch som talspråk. Jiddisch hade fått en låg status såväl bland judarna som bland de övriga finländarna. Numera används jiddisch inte längre i Finland, även om 24 procent av finländska judar år 2003 sade att de kan och 40 procent att de förstår jiddisch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiska_autonoma_länet"><span id="Judiska_autonoma_l.C3.A4net"></span>Judiska autonoma länet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Judiska autonoma länet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Judiska autonoma länet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Judiska_autonoma_l%C3%A4net" title="Judiska autonoma länet">Judiska autonoma länet</a> etablerades 1934 i dåvarande <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> med jiddisch som officiellt språk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sverige">Sverige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiddisch är sedan 2000 ett av <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_officiella_minoritetsspr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk">Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk</a>. Den svenska minoritetspråkskommittén rekommenderade i sitt betänkande att jiddisch inte skulle få status som minoritetsspråk (SOU 1997:192). Regeringen valde dock att gå emot kommitténs förslag, vilket också fick stöd av riksdagen. Därmed blev jiddisch erkänt som ett <i>extraterritoriellt</i> minoritetsspråk i Sverige, vilket betyder att språkets användare till skillnad från till exempel tornedalsfinskans inte kan knytas till något avgränsat geografiskt område. Som ett resultat av jiddischs ställning som minoritetsspråk har <a href="/wiki/Lunds_universitet" title="Lunds universitet">Lunds universitet</a> fått regeringens uppdrag att bedriva undervisning och forskning i språket.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uppskattningen av antalet talare varierar mellan 2 000 och 6 000 personer enligt de olika sammanställningar och enkäter som gjorts i Sverige. Bland dessa ingår personer som inte är modersmålstalare och vars kunskaper i jiddisch kan variera mellan "bra eller mycket bra" och att bara kunna enstaka ord. Modersmålstalare av jiddisch i Sverige anses vara nästan uteslutande äldre individer, många av dem invandrare under efterkrigstiden fram till 1960-talet. Utifrån enkäter om språkkunskaper i jiddisch inom svenska judiska församlingar, antalet invandrade judar och andelen jiddischtalande inom judiska befolkningar i andra länder har lingvisten <a href="/wiki/Mikael_Parkvall" title="Mikael Parkvall">Mikael Parkvall</a> uppskattat antalet modersmålstalare av jiddisch i Sverige till 750–1500 talare.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukrainska_folkrepubliken">Ukrainska folkrepubliken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ukrainska folkrepubliken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ukrainska folkrepubliken"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jiddisch var officiellt språk i <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_folkrepubliken" title="Ukrainska folkrepubliken">Ukrainska folkrepubliken</a> (1917–1921).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USA">USA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: USA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: USA"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg/250px-Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg/375px-Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg/500px-Kiryas_Joel_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kiryas_Joel" title="Kiryas Joel">Kiryas Joel</a> är en jiddischtalande bosättning i <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där majoriteten av invånarna ingår i den judiska jiddischtalande väckelserörelsen <a href="/wiki/Chassidism" title="Chassidism">chassidism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den judiska migrationen till <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> bestod till en början av judar med <a href="/wiki/Sefarder" title="Sefarder">sefardisk</a> bakgrund, vilka inte hade jiddisch som modersmål. Det var inte förrän vid mitten av 1850-talet som jiddischtalande började emigrera till USA, och som jiddisch etablerades som ett minoritetsspråk. Framför allt utgjordes den jiddischtalande minoriteten av <a href="/wiki/Ashkenaziska_judar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenaziska judar">ashkenaziska</a> judar från <a href="/wiki/Centraleuropa" title="Centraleuropa">Central</a>- och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96steuropa" title="Östeuropa">Östeuropa</a>. Vidare har den jiddischtalande språkminoriteten under 1900-talet fortsatt att växa i antalet talare, vilket möjliggjorts av en aktiv isolationsprocess inom olika <a href="/wiki/Ortodox_judendom" title="Ortodox judendom">ortodoxt judiska</a> grupperingar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under 1900-talet har flera olika jiddischtalande bosättningar växt fram i USA där jiddisch utgjort majoritetsspråket. Framför allt har framväxten av judiska bosättningar uppkommit i <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ne-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ne_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ne_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/jiddisch">”jiddisch - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/jiddisch">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/jiddisch</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=jiddisch+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fjiddisch&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nffk/021.html">Jiddisch</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (fjärde upplagan, 1951)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minoritet.se/om-jiddisch">”Jiddisch - om språket”</a>. <i><span>Minoritet.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.minoritet.se/om-jiddisch">https://www.minoritet.se/om-jiddisch</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 november 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Jiddisch+-+om+spr%C3%A5ket&rft.atitle=Minoritet.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minoritet.se%2Fom-jiddisch&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFKleine,_Ane2003">Kleine, Ane (2003). ”Standard Yiddish” (på engelska). <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> (International Phonetic Association) 33 (2): sid. 261–265.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Standard+Yiddish&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.aulast=Kleine%2C+Ane&rft.au=Kleine%2C+Ane&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B261%E2%80%93265&rft.pub=International+Phonetic+Association&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://modersmal.skolverket.se/jiddisch/index.php/om-jiddisch">"Om Jiddisch," Skolverket.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506042614/http://modersmal.skolverket.se/jiddisch/index.php/om-jiddisch">Arkiverad</a> 6 maj 2013 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/yiddish/435240/yiddish-duolingo-dialect-question-a-subject-of-great-interest/">”Yiddish Duolingo Dialect Question a Subject of Great Interest”</a>. Jewish Daily Forward<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://forward.com/yiddish/435240/yiddish-duolingo-dialect-question-a-subject-of-great-interest/">https://forward.com/yiddish/435240/yiddish-duolingo-dialect-question-a-subject-of-great-interest/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yiddish+Duolingo+Dialect+Question+a+Subject+of+Great+Interest&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Jewish+Daily+Forward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fyiddish%2F435240%2Fyiddish-duolingo-dialect-question-a-subject-of-great-interest%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">2011: <i>Minigrammatik för jiddisch</i> av <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Sznajderman-Rytz" class="extiw" title="w:Susanne Sznajderman-Rytz">Susanne Sznajderman-Rytz</a>, läst 2021-12-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Weinreich (1971), ss. 94-95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Weinreich (1971), s. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/yiddish.htm">”Yiddish alphabet, pronunciation and language”</a>. <i><span>omniglot.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/yiddish.htm">https://omniglot.com/writing/yiddish.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 23 juni 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Yiddish+alphabet%2C+pronunciation+and+language&rft.atitle=omniglot.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fyiddish.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120524210007/http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=1187&news_item=1515">Jiddisch blir Lunds ansvar i ny språkuppdelning</a> <i>Lunds universitet</i>, 6 december 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Mikael Parkvall, <i>Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var?</i>. RAPPLING 1. Rapporter från Institutionen för lingvistik vid Stockholms universitet. 2009<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.språkförsvaret.se/sf/fileadmin/PDF/Parkvall_spraakstatistik.pdf">[1]</a>, s. 68-72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFYekelchyk2007">Yekelchyk, Serhy (2007-04-05) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=yZLtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y">Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation</a></i>. OUP USA. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19-530546-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19-530546-3">ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=yZLtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y">https://books.google.se/books?id=yZLtAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2021</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Birth+of+a+Modern+Nation&rft.aulast=Yekelchyk&rft.aufirst=Serhy&rft.au=Yekelchyk%2C+Serhy&rft.date=2007-04-05&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530546-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.se%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyZLtAAAAMAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923112824/http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853">”Data Center Results”</a>. <i><span>web.archive.org</span></i>. 23 september 2006. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853">originalet</a> den 23 september 2006<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923112824/http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853">https://web.archive.org/web/20060923112824/http://www.mla.org/census_data_results%26state_id%3D36%26place_id%3D39853</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Data+Center+Results&rft.atitle=web.archive.org&rft.date=23+september+2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060923112824%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mla.org%2Fcensus_data_results%2526state_id%253D36%2526place_id%253D39853&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFPapadakis2003">Papadakis, Aristeides Moses (2003) (på engelska). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=I3lItIwOzCkC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Why Didn't the Press Shout?: American & International Journalism During the Holocaust</a></i>. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-88125-775-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-88125-775-5">ISBN 978-0-88125-775-5</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=I3lItIwOzCkC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.se/books?id=I3lItIwOzCkC&pg=PA18&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2021</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Didn%27t+the+Press+Shout%3F%3A+American+%26+International+Journalism+During+the+Holocaust&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Aristeides+Moses&rft.au=Papadakis%2C+Aristeides+Moses&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House%2C+Inc.&rft.isbn=978-0-88125-775-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.se%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI3lItIwOzCkC%26pg%3DPA18%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tryckta källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFKerbelDavid_Peter2005">Kerbel, Lennart; David Peter (2005). <i><span>Jiddisch-svensk-jiddisch ordbok</span></i>. Bromma: Megilla-förlaget. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/9996894">9996894</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-89340-26-4_(inb.)" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-89340-26-4 (inb.)">ISBN 91-89340-26-4 (inb.)</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jiddisch-svensk-jiddisch+ordbok&rft.aulast=Kerbel&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rft.au=Kerbel%2C+Lennart&rft.au=David+Peter&rft.date=2005&rft.place=Bromma&rft.pub=Megilla-f%C3%B6rlaget&rft.isbn=91-89340-26-4+%28inb.%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWeinreich1971">Weinreich, Uriel (1971) (på engelska). <i><span>College Yiddish: an introduction to the Yiddish language and to Jewish life and culture</span></i> (5., rev. ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO</a> Inst. for Jewish Research. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/30135">30135</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=College+Yiddish%3A+an+introduction+to+the+Yiddish+language+and+to+Jewish+life+and+culture&rft.aulast=Weinreich&rft.aufirst=Uriel&rft.au=Weinreich%2C+Uriel&rft.date=1971&rft.edition=5.%2C+rev.+ed.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=%5B%5BYIVO%5D%5D+Inst.+for+Jewish+Research&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFZuckermanHerbst_Marion,_Kerbel_Lennart,_David_Peter,_Waltman_Manja2006">Zuckerman, Marvin S.; Herbst Marion, Kerbel Lennart, David Peter, Waltman Manja (2006). <i><span>Jiddisch 2000: lärobok för alla</span></i> (2., omarb. uppl.). Bromma: Megilla-förlaget. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/10131801">10131801</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-89340-29-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-89340-29-9">ISBN 91-89340-29-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jiddisch+2000%3A+l%C3%A4robok+f%C3%B6r+alla&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Marvin+S.&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+Marvin+S.&rft.au=Herbst+Marion%2C+Kerbel+Lennart%2C+David+Peter%2C+Waltman+Manja&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=2.%2C+omarb.+uppl.&rft.place=Bromma&rft.pub=Megilla-f%C3%B6rlaget&rft.isbn=91-89340-29-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jiddisch"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/kategori:Jiddisch" class="extiw" title="wikt:kategori:Jiddisch">kategori:Jiddisch</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/kategori:Jiddisch" class="extiw" title="wikt:kategori:Jiddisch">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbm/0136.html">Judetyska</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1910)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Language/Yiddish">Dovid Katz: <i>Yiddish</i> (The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe)<i></i></a><i> (engelska)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091030012927/http://modersmal.skolverket.se/jiddisch/">Om jiddisch hos Skolverkets Tema modersmål</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jiddischkurs.org/">Jiddischkurs (på tyska)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018091029/http://www.yivo.org/uploads/files/topo.htm">Yiddishland - Lista över geografiska namn på jiddisch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051119223907/http://yiddishsummer.org/">Språkkurs på Jiddisch (i USA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413052530/http://yiddish.haifa.ac.il/Stories.html">Di Velt fun Yidish: Audio Stories</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sol.lu.se/jiddisch/">Jiddisch på Lunds universitet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jiddischforbundet.se/">Sveriges jiddischförbund</a></li></ul> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="yi:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Jiddisch</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&oldid=56777642">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiddisch&oldid=56777642</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Germanska språk">Germanska språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Judiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Judiska språk">Judiska språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sveriges_officiella_minoritetsspr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk">Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Sverige" title="Kategori:Språk i Sverige">Språk i Sverige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Europa" title="Kategori:Språk i Europa">Språk i Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:V2-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:V2-språk">V2-språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Subjekt%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93objekt-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk">Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Moldavien" title="Kategori:Språk i Moldavien">Språk i Moldavien</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 29 januari 2025 kl. 20.45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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