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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>Rachel Elior</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">רחל אליאור</span>; born 28 December 1949) is an Israeli professor of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Jewish philosophy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Her principal subjects of research have been <a href="/wiki/Hasidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidism">Hasidism</a> and the history of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_mysticism" title="Jewish mysticism">early Jewish mysticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel_Elior,_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg/220px-Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg/330px-Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg/440px-Rachel_Elior%2C_taken_by_Sasson_Tiram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504"></a><figcaption>Rachel Elior</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Academic_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Academic career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Awards_and_recognition"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and recognition</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Criticism_and_controversy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism and controversy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Hasidism"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hasidism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Dead_Sea_Scrolls"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dead Sea Scrolls</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Academic career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Elior is the John and Golda Cohen Professor of Jewish Philosophy and Jewish Mystical Thought at the Hebrew University, where she has taught since 1978. Currently she is the head of the Department of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Thought">Jewish Thought</a>. She earned her <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> <i>Summa cum laude</i> in 1976. Her specialties are early Jewish Mysticism, the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabbatianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatianism">Sabbatianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidism">Hasidism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frankism" title="Frankism">Frankism</a> and the role of women in Jewish culture. </p><p>She has been a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doshisha_University" title="Doshisha University">Doshisha University</a> in Kyoto, <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> in Cleveland, in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan-Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan-Ann Arbor">University of Michigan-Ann Arbor</a>. </p><p>She is a member of the board of the international council of the <a href="/wiki/New_Israel_Fund" title="New Israel Fund">New Israel Fund</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 2006, Elior received the <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Scholem" title="Gershom Scholem">Gershom Scholem</a> Prize for Research in <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gershom_Scholem_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershom_Scholem-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversy">Criticism and controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Rachel Elior's research into Hasidism and the Dead Sea Scrolls has elicited a range of scholarly responses, marking her work as a significant point of contention and endorsement within academic circles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hasidism">Hasidism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hasidism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern, a Professor at Northwestern, critiques Elior's approach to Hasidism, stating, "Elior uses a rather outdated concept of the [hasidic] movement to cement her narrative. She leaves aside theories, ideas, insights, and data amassed by scholars who have long departed from the thinking patterns of Dinur or Scholem." And that Elior, among others, "should revisit [the early writers of hasidic stories'] conceptual framework, in which sources coexist in a nontemporal fashion and freely talk to one another, as ideas in the Platonic world of forms."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dead Sea Scrolls" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Her notion of the origins of mysticism in the priestly class has been challenged by professor <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Liebes" title="Yehuda Liebes">Yehuda Liebes</a> of the Hebrew University,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (March 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> and her understanding of the ancient calendar was rejected by Sacha Stern.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eibert_Tigchelaar" title="Eibert Tigchelaar">Eibert Tigchelaar</a> noted that her examples have a "lack of historical specificity that are disturbing and frustrating."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dan" title="Joseph Dan">Joseph Dan</a> defends Elior,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Princeton professor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Schaefer_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Schaefer (author)">Peter Schaefer</a> criticizes her for blurring distinctions between texts and periods, and is not sensitive to important nuances, noting that her views of angels at Qumran and the calendar are wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor <a href="/wiki/Martha_Himmelfarb" title="Martha Himmelfarb">Martha Himmelfarb</a> finds Elior's work "simply untenable",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stating that Elior creates tenuous links and historical connections without a basis.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elior has posited that the <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, traditionally considered the authors of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> never existed, suggesting instead (as have <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Schiffman" title="Lawrence Schiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Goshen-Gottstein" title="Moshe Goshen-Gottstein">Moshe Goshen-Gottstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Menachem_Rabin" title="Chaim Menachem Rabin">Chaim Menachem Rabin</a>, and others) that they were really the renegade sons of <a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a>, a priestly caste banished from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Jerusalem">Temple of Jerusalem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> rulers in 2nd century BC. She conjectures that the scrolls were taken with them when they were banished. "In <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a>, the remnants of a huge library were found," Elior says, with some of the early Hebrew texts dating back to the 2nd century BC. Until the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the earliest known version of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> dated back to the 9th century AD. "The scrolls attest to a biblical priestly heritage," says Elior, who speculates that the scrolls were hidden in Qumran for safekeeping.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/James_Charlesworth" class="mw-redirect" title="James Charlesworth">James Charlesworth</a>, director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dead Sea Scrolls Project (page does not exist)">Dead Sea Scrolls Project</a> and professor at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Theological_Seminary" title="Princeton Theological Seminary">Princeton Theological Seminary</a>, states there is "significant evidence for the Essenes’ existence" and "It is impossible that Josephus created a group already mentioned by Philo, who had visited Jerusalem," arguing against Elior's conclusion. Princeton religion professor <a href="/wiki/Martha_Himmelfarb" title="Martha Himmelfarb">Martha Himmelfarb</a> said she doesn’t think Elior’s work is as "historically informed" as other research on the Scrolls, saying, "[Elior] does not tend to engage the historical nitty-gritty that other scholars’ work does."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Idel" title="Moshe Idel">Moshe Idel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Rapoport-Albert" title="Ada Rapoport-Albert">Ada Rapoport-Albert</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibson2004" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Etta Prince (24 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025033745/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-103950971.html">"Hear me roar"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-103950971.html">the original</a> on 25 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Hear+me+roar&rft.date=2004-12-24&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Etta+Prince&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-103950971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc.net.au/rn/spiritofthings/stories/2000/187680.htm">"Prophecy Now"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 24 September 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Now&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2000-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabc.net.au%2Frn%2Fspiritofthings%2Fstories%2F2000%2F187680.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gershom_Scholem-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gershom_Scholem_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huji.ac.il/cgi-bin/dovrut/dovrut_search_eng.pl?mesge114475063605976587">"Gershom Scholem Prize for Research in Kabbalah Awarded to Prof. Rachel Elior of Hebrew University"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Varieties+of+religious+experiences&rft.date=2003-02-03&rft.aulast=Dan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D289372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäfer2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schäfer, Peter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c96IMGYTIT8C&pg=PA37">"Communion with the Angels: Qumran and the Origins of Jewish Mysticism"</a>. In Peter Schäfer, Elisabeth Müller-Luckner (ed.). <i>Wege mystischer Gotteserfahrung: Judentum, Christentum und Islam</i> (in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8"><bdi>978-3-486-58006-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Communion+with+the+Angels%3A+Qumran+and+the+Origins+of+Jewish+Mysticism&rft.btitle=Wege+mystischer+Gotteserfahrung%3A+Judentum%2C+Christentum+und+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-486-58006-8&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc96IMGYTIT8C%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelfarb2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Himmelfarb, Martha (2006). "Merkavah Mysticism since Scholem: Rachel Elior's <i>The Three Temples</i>". In Peter Schäfer, Elisabeth Müller-Luckner (ed.). <i>Wege mystischer Gotteserfahrung: Judentum, Christentum und Islam</i> (in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c96IMGYTIT8C&pg=PA36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8"><bdi>978-3-486-58006-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Merkavah+Mysticism+since+Scholem%3A+Rachel+Elior%27s+The+Three+Temples&rft.btitle=Wege+mystischer+Gotteserfahrung%3A+Judentum%2C+Christentum+und+Islam&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-486-58006-8&rft.aulast=Himmelfarb&rft.aufirst=Martha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimmelfarb2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Himmelfarb, Martha (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c96IMGYTIT8C&pg=PA19">"Merkavah Mysticism since Scholem: Rachel Elior's <i>The Three Temples</i>"</a>. In Peter Schäfer, Elisabeth Müller-Luckner (ed.). <i>Wege mystischer Gotteserfahrung: Judentum, Christentum und Islam</i> (in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-58006-8"><bdi>978-3-486-58006-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Merkavah+Mysticism+since+Scholem%3A+Rachel+Elior%27s+The+Three+Temples&rft.btitle=Wege+mystischer+Gotteserfahrung%3A+Judentum%2C+Christentum+und+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-486-58006-8&rft.aulast=Himmelfarb&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc96IMGYTIT8C%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGirk2009" class="citation magazine cs1">McGirk, Tim (16 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320020525/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1885421,00.html">"Scholar Claims Dead Sea Scrolls 'Authors' Never Existed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1885421,00.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Scholar+Claims+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+%27Authors%27+Never+Existed&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.aulast=McGirk&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1885421%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090330175315/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/03/27/23174/">"Dead Sea Scrolls' origins spark debate - the Daily Princetonian"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/03/27/23174/">the original</a> on 30 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dead+Sea+Scrolls%27+origins+spark+debate+-+the+Daily+Princetonian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyprincetonian.com%2F2009%2F03%2F27%2F23174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><i>Israel Ba'al Shem Tov and his Contemporaries</i>, Kabbalists, Sabbatians, Hasidim and Mithnagdim, Jerusalem : Carmel Publication House 2014</li> <li><i>Memory and Oblivion: The Secret of the Dead Sea Scrolls,</i> Van Leer Institute and Hakibutz haMeuchad, 2009</li> <li><i>The Dybbuk and Jewish Women</i>, Jerusalem and New York, Urim Publications, 2008</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElior2007" class="citation book cs1">Elior, Rachel (2007). <i>Jewish Mysticism: The Infinite Expression of Freedom, trans.Yudith Nave and Arthur B. Millman</i>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874774-67-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874774-67-9"><bdi>978-1-874774-67-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/76184139">76184139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Mysticism%3A+The+Infinite+Expression+of+Freedom%2C+trans.Yudith+Nave+and+Arthur+B.+Millman&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Littman+Library+of+Jewish+Civilization&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76184139&rft.isbn=978-1-874774-67-9&rft.aulast=Elior&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElior2006" class="citation book cs1">Elior, Rachel (2006). <i>The Mystical Origins of Hasidism</i>. trans. <a href="/wiki/Shalom_Carmy" title="Shalom Carmy">Shalom Carmy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874774-84-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-874774-84-6"><bdi>1-874774-84-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65978708">65978708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystical+Origins+of+Hasidism&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Littman+Library+of+Jewish+Civilization&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65978708&rft.isbn=1-874774-84-6&rft.aulast=Elior&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Heikhalot Literature and Merkavah Tradition Ancient Jewish Mysticism and its Sources</i>, Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronot; Sifrei Hemed: 2004 (Hebrew) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-511-145-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-511-145-3">978-965-511-145-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElior2004" class="citation book cs1">Elior, Rachel (2004). <i>The Three Temples: On the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874774-66-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-874774-66-8"><bdi>1-874774-66-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53223716">53223716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Temples%3A+On+the+Emergence+of+Jewish+Mysticism&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Littman+Library+of+Jewish+Civilization&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53223716&rft.isbn=1-874774-66-8&rft.aulast=Elior&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Herut al Haluhot – Studies in the Mystical Foundations of Hasidism</i>, Tel Aviv: Broad Cast University: Defense Ministry Press 1999.</li> <li><i>Paneiah ha-Shonot shel ha-Herut -Iyunim be-Mistika Yehudit</i> (Alpayim 15, Am Oved 1998)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElior1993" class="citation book cs1">Elior, Rachel (1993). <i>The Paradoxical Ascent to God: The Kabbalistic Theosophy of Habad Hasidism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1045-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-1045-5"><bdi>0-7914-1045-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24378568">24378568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paradoxical+Ascent+to+God%3A+The+Kabbalistic+Theosophy+of+Habad+Hasidism&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24378568&rft.isbn=0-7914-1045-5&rft.aulast=Elior&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Torat HaElohut BaDor haSheni shel Hasidut Habad</i>, Jerusalem: Hebrew University: Magnes Press 1982 (Hebrew)</li> <li><i>Heikhalot Zutarti: An Early Mystical Manuscript of the Mishnaic Talmudic Period</i>, Jerusalem: Hebrew University: Magnes Press 1982 (Hebrew)</li> <li><i>Galia Raza: 16th Century Kabbalistic Manuscript</i>, Jerusalem: Hebrew University 1981 (Hebrew)</li> <li>Yehudah Liebes, "Children of the sun vs. children of the moon" Haaretz 4/6/2003</li> <li>Sacha Stern, "Rachel Elior on Ancient Jewish Calendars: A Critique" <i>Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism</i> - Volume 5, 2005, pp. 287–292</li> <li>Peter Schaffer, Critical edition of Heikhalot Zutarti, Tarbiz 54 (1985)Hebrew, critical review of her work</li> <li>David Tamar, Critical review of her edition of Galia Razia Jerusalem Studies in Jewish Thought 2 Hebrew (1983)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Elior&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/HebrwUJewishthought">Facebook page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~mselio/">Prof. Elior's homepage at the Hebrew University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/news/2009/03/dead-sea-scrolls-origins-spark-debate/">Dead Sea Scrolls’ origins spark debate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinovich2009" class="citation news cs1">Rabinovich, Abraham (7 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1239710889686&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">"From the sun to the moon"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=From+the+sun+to+the+moon&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1239710889686%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel+Elior" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://jhvonline.com/default.asp?smenu=147&sdetail=8421">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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